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(共47张PPT)
专题五 介 词
■考点一 时间介词
1. 辨析时间介词on, in与at
介 词 用 法 举 例
on 用于具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前，星期或节日前 on August 1st last year 在去年的八月一日
on the evening of June 18th 在六月十八日晚上
on the second Sunday 在第二个星期日
on Children’s Day 在儿童节
in 表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季、上午、下午、晚上前 in May 在五月
in the twenty-first cen-tury 在21世纪
in summer 在夏天 in the morning 在早上
续表
at 用于具体的时间点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前 at 6:00 在六点
at noon 在正午
at dusk在黄昏
at night在晚上
2. 其他常见的时间介词
介 词 用 法 举 例
after 意为“在……之后”，与将来时连用，后接时间点 I’ll ring you up after three o’clock. 我会在三点后给你打电话。
续表
after 意为“在……之后”，与过去时连用，后接时间段 He came here after two days. 他两天之后来到了这里。
before 意为“在……之前” Nancy got up before 7 o’clock this morning. 今天早晨南希七点之前就起床了。
since 表示从过去某时直至现在，后接具体的时间，主句常用现在完成时 We have been friends since five years ago. 我们自从五年前就是朋友了。
续表
for 表示动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，主句用现在完成时、一般过去时等 I have studied Eng-
lish for two years. 我学习英语两年了。
until/ till 用于否定句中，意为“直到……才……”，谓语多用瞬间性动词；用于肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，谓语要用延续性动词 She can’t leave until Friday. 直到星期五她才能离开。
续表
during 意为“在……期间”，强调“自始至终” I’m going to enjoy myself during the summer vacation.我打算在暑假期间好好享受一下。
from 说明开始的时间，谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 I began to learn to dance from middle school. 我从中学开始学跳舞。
by 表示最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前 by next Monday 下周一之前
by this afternoon今天下午之前
by now 到现在为止
续表
to 表示时间范围，通常与from连用，意为“从……到……” from 5:00 to 9:00 从5点到9点
from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五
from 1991 to 2020 从1991年到2020年
考点追踪
1. The restaurant has been famous for its food _________ the twentieth century.
2. We can learn a lot about the present situation of animals ________ the Animals Week.
3. Mount Taishan is usually covered with snow ________ winter, which is very beautiful.
4. John has good exercise habits. He usually starts to do exercise ________ six o’clock every morning.
since
during
in
at
5. The other planes were full so I couldn’t go back home on time and had to wait ________ the next day.
6. ________ the evening of the Mid-Autumn Festival, people usually eat mooncakes and enjoy the moon with their families.
until/ till
On
■考点二 方位介词
1. 辨析 on, in, at 与 to
介 词 用 法 举 例
on 与某物表面相接触 on the floor在地板上
在任何广阔的面上 on the farm/ moon在农场/月球上
与线的接触，意为“濒临”或“紧挨” Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River. 武汉坐落于长江边上。
专题五 介 词
in 在较大的地方（国家、城市、乡镇、水域等） in the city在城市里, in China在中国, in Asia在亚洲
在周围的环境是立体（即四面八方都有东西环绕）的地方 in a forest在森林里, in the classroom在教室内, in his schoolbag在他的书包里
表示A地属于B地 The Rocky Mountains lie in the west part of America. 落基山脉位于美国西部地区。
at 用于较小的场所（建筑物、公共场所等） at home在家, at the station在车站
续表
to 表示两地隔海相望 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东部。
表示“到……” Tom walks to school. 汤姆步行去上学。
续表
2. 指示“上下”的方位介词
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
over “在……正上方”，表示两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river. 我们可以在河上建一座桥。
续表
under “在……正下方”，表示两者不接触 My cat is lying under the chair. 我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
above “在……上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机正在云层上飞行。
below “在……下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees. 那件大衣盖过膝盖。
3. 指示“前后”的方位介词
词（组） 用 法 举 例
before 在……前面 The White Mountains rose up before me. 怀特山耸立在我面前。
behind 在……后面 She heard footsteps behind her. 她听到背后有脚步声。
in front of 在……（外部的）前面 The bus stops right in front of our house. 公交车就停在我们的房子前面。
in the front of 在……（内部的）前面 I sit in the front of the classroom. 我坐在教室的前面。
词（组） 用 法 举 例
near 在……附近 My home is near the school. 我家在学校附近。
beside 在……旁边 Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。
by 在……旁边，靠近，与beside同义 The teacher is standing by the window. 老师站在靠近窗户的地方。
next to 紧靠……，紧挨着…… He lives in a flat next to a bookshop. 他住在书店旁边的一套公寓里。
4. 表示“附近”的方位介词
介 词 用 法 举 例
along 沿着 go along the Zhongshan Road 沿着中山路走
across 从表面“穿过”，从一边到另一边；across from 在……对面 walk across the street 步行穿过街道
across from the park 在公园对面
through 从内部“穿过” through the crowd 穿过人群
5. 其他常考高频方位介词
考点追踪
1. This Saturday morning, Lily and Lucy will meet ________ the gate of the Forest Park and jog together.
2. We don’t think it possible for such a little boy to go safely ________ the busy street by himself. So let’s help him.
3. Try to hide ________ a strong table or in a corner of the room to protect yourself in an earthquake.
4. The woman stood ________ the window, watching her girls dancing outside happily.
at
across
under
by
■考点三 方式介词
介 词 用 法 举 例
with 用具体的东西，后接表示工具或身体部位等的词 with the letters 用这些字母
with the knife 用小刀
with your hand 用你的手
on 通过、用 on the radio 通过收音机
on TV 通过电视
辨析with, on, by与in
专题五 介 词
续表
2. 序数词的用法
by 用……手段或方式，后接动名词、名词 by selling flowers 通过卖花
by listening to music 通过听音乐
in 用语言、声音、原材料等 in English 用英语
in a low voice 低声地
【注意】by, in与on表示交通方式的区别：
用by时，交通工具前不加任何限定词。如：Jenny goes to school by bike. 詹妮骑自行车去上学。
用on或in时，交通工具前加限定词。如：by bike＝on a bike; by car=in a car
专题五 介 词
考点追踪
1. We have deeply explored the historical and cultural background behind the famous dishes ________ reading the book.
2. AI is a useful learning tool for Jim — It takes him 10 minutes every day to learn English ________ AI.
3. Last summer holiday, I went to my uncle’s farm ________ bus. There, I helped him feed the animals and learned a lot about farming.
4. Lucy spoke ________ a low voice. So I could hardly hear her at the back of the classroom.
by
with
by
in
专题五 介 词
■考点四 其他常见介词
1. about
（1）“关于，对于”。如：Could you tell me some-thing about your life 你能告诉我关于你的生活的事吗？
（2）“大约，大概”。如：There are about six books in my bag. 我的包里大约有六本书。
2. with
（1）“有，具有”。如：a girl with long hair 一个留着长发的女孩
（2）“和……在一起，和，同”。如：She likes to stay with her parents. 她喜欢和她的父母待在一起。
（3）“随着，由于”，表伴随。如：With the rapid development of science and technology, we live better and better. 随着科技的迅速发展，我们生活得越来越好了。
3. without
“没有，缺乏”。如：People can’t live without air. 没有空气，人们不能生存。
4. for
（1）“给；对（表示用途、对象）”。如：Here is a letter for you. 这儿有给你的一封信。
（2）“为了；供（表目的）”。如：I bought him a watch for his birthday. 我给他买了一块表作为生日礼物。
（3）“因为；由于”。如：be famous for... 因……而出名
（4）“赞同；支持”。反义词是against。如：Are you for or against the plan 你支持还是反对这项计划？
（5）“达；计（表示动作或情况持续的时间）”。如：My family will stay in Shanghai for two weeks. 我的家人将在上海待两周。
（6）“就……而言；对某人来说”。如：The book is a little hard for her. 这本书对她来说有点儿难。
5. against
（1）“紧靠；倚；碰；撞”。如：The rain beats against the windows. 雨敲打着窗户。
（2）“与……相反，与……对抗”。如：fight against the enemy 与敌人对抗
（3）“反对；违反”。如：against the law 违反法律
6. around
（1）“四处，在……周围”。如：What an inspiration she was to all around her!她对她周围所有的人来说是多么大的鼓舞啊！
（2）“绕着”。如：They walked around the lake. 他们绕着湖散步。
7. off
“从（某处）落下；离开”。如：get off the bus 下公交车
8. over
（1）“覆盖在……上”。如：She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她在熟睡的孩子身上盖了一条毯子。
（2）“从一边到另一边；穿越”。如：They crossed over the river. 他们穿过了这条河。
（3）“遍及”。如：all over the world 全世界，全球
（4）“（在数量、时间、花费上）多于，超过”。如：He is over sixty. 他六十多岁了。
9. as
（1）“作为，以……身份”。如：He went to China as a tourist five years ago. 五年前他以游客的身份来到中国。
（2）“像，如同，跟……一样”。如：She des-cribes herself as a reporter. 她把自己描述得如同一位记者。
10. from
（1）“由……制成（看不出原材料）”。如：Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头制成的。
（2）“从……起，始于”。如：Has the train from Bristol arrived 从布里斯托尔来的火车到了吗？
（3）“（时间）从……开始”，常与to连用，表示“从……到……”。如：We’re open from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. 我们的营业时间是从早上八点到晚上七点。
（4）“根据，从……来看”。如：You can tell something about a person from his handwriting. 从一个人的笔迹你可以了解一个人的相关情况。
11. to
“向，朝，对着（某方向或某处）”。如：We drove to the countryside last night. 我们昨晚开车去了乡下。
12. in
（1）“在（范围或空间内）的某一点”。如：
I read the news in the newspaper. 我在报纸上读到的这条新闻。
（2）“进入”。如：She got in her car and drove off. 她进入她的汽车里，并且（把车）开走了。
（3）“穿着，戴着”。如：She was in black. 她穿着一身黑衣服。
（4）“关于，在……方面”。如：She is weak in maths. 她数学比较薄弱。
13. into
（1）“到……里面；进入”。如：Come into the house. 进屋里来吧。
（2）“朝，向，对着”。如：Speak clearly into the microphone. 对着麦克风清楚地讲话。
14. like
（1）“像……（一样）；似……（一样）”。如：He ran like the wind. 他跑得飞快。
（2）与系动词be, look, sound连用。如：The little girl looks like her father. 那个小姑娘看起来很像她的父亲。
15. except
“除了……之外”。如：Everyone except me came to the party. 除了我之外，其他人都去参加聚会了。
16. beyond
“超出，超过；非……所能及”。如：The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression.那儿的风景美丽得无法形容。
without
about
except
As
考点追踪
1. Miss Li is reading her textbook carefully ________ noticing me enter the teacher’s office.
2. Our monitor suggested going to the museum this weekend to learn more ________ history.
3. All the pencils ________ the black one were sold out yesterday because of low price.
4. ________ children’s first teachers, parents should encourage their children to learn how to do chores at home.
■考点五 介词短语
1. 介词与名词的搭配
at+名词 at breakfast 在吃早餐；at work 在工作；at birth 出生时；
at noon 在中午；at present 现在；at times 有时；at home 在家；
at the age of 在……岁；at the end of 在……的最后
in+名词 in danger 在危险中；in surprise 吃惊地；in silence 沉默地；
in a hurry 匆忙地；in a minute 立刻，马上；in person 亲自；
in the future 在将来
专题五 介 词
on+名词 on business 出差；on fire 着火；on duty 值日；
on show 展示，陈列；on vacation 度假；
on foot 步行；on time准时；on purpose 故意地；
on the Internet 在互联网上
under+名词 under control 处于控制中；
under discussion 在讨论中；
under the influence of 在……的影响下
续表
专题五 介 词
by+名词 by accident 偶然；by chance 偶然；
by hand 用手工；by mistake 错误地；
by turns 轮流
with+名词 with difficulty 困难地；with fear 害怕地；
with pleasure 愉快地
out of+名词 out of control 失去控制；out of danger 脱离危险；
out of date 过时
续表
专题五 介 词
be+形容词+at be good at擅长；be mad at对……生气；
be angry at对……感到生气；be surprised at对……感到吃惊
be+形容词+for be known for以……闻名；be good/ bad for对……有好/坏处；
be ready for为……做好准备；be late for迟到；be thirsty for渴望；be sorry for对……感到抱歉
be+形容词+in be interested in对……感兴趣；be weak in不擅长；
be rich in富含……；be talented in在……方面有天赋
2. 介词与形容词的搭配
专题五 介 词
be+形容词+of be afraid of害怕；be full of充满；be proud of为……感到骄傲；
be fond of喜欢……；be tired of厌烦……
be+形容词+to be harmful to对……有害；be friendly to对……友好；
be similar to和……相似
be+形容词+with be busy with忙于……；be angry with生……的气；
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格；be popular with受到……的欢迎；
be pleased with对……感到满意；be good with善于应付……；
be patient with对……有耐心
续表
专题五 介 词
be+形容词+about be worried about对……感到担忧；
be excited about对……感到兴奋；
be crazy about对……着迷
be+形容词+from be away from不在……；
be absent from缺席；
be different from 与……不同；
be free from不受……影响
续表
专题五 介 词
at look at看；laugh at嘲笑；arrive at到达；shout at冲……喊
about think about考虑；worry about担心；talk about谈论；care about关心；hear about听说
for look for寻找；ask for要求；pay for为……付款；wait for等待；leave for动身去；care for照顾
from come from来自；hear from收到……来信；learn from向……学习；die from死于（外因）；stop/ keep/ prevent... from doing... 阻止……做……
3. 介词与动词的搭配
专题五 介 词
of dream of 梦想；think of 想起；hear of 听说；die of 死于（内因）
to listen to 听；talk to 和……交谈；get to 到达；write to 给……写信；stick to 坚持
with agree with 同意；begin/ start with 以……开始；
help sb. with... 在……方面帮助某人；deal with 处理；
fill... with... 用……填满……；cover... with... 用……覆盖……
其他 look like 看起来像；look after 照看；knock into 撞上；arrive in 到达
续表
专题五 介 词
专题五 介 词
4. 其他介词短语
because of 因为　 according to 根据
opposite to 与……正相反 across from 在……对面
instead of 代替；而不是 after all 毕竟；终究
from now on 从现在起 thanks to 幸亏
with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
at least 至少　along with连同
as usual 像往常一样　such as例如
to begin with 首先　as a result of 由于
except for除了　once upon a time 从前
专题五 介 词
together with和……一起
all of a sudden 突然；猛地
first of all首先
once in a while 偶尔地；间歇地
考点追踪
1. On such a cold morning, My grandfather still got up at 7 o’clock to play Tai Chi ________ usual.
2. Tony loves to play with animals and dreams ________ becoming a zoo keeper to look after them one day.
3. No one is perfect. Don’t laugh ________ the people who make mistakes.
4. Thanks ________ the labor classes, the students learned how to grow vegetables and fruits by themselves.
5. I was so excited that our headmaster presented the prize to me ________ person and shook hands with me yesterday.
as
of
at
to
in
6. If you can be more patient ________ this listening exercise, you may come up with the correct answer.
7. Ella was surprised ________ the lanterns which are made in varied shapes when she visited China during the Lantern Festival.
with
at
专题五 介 词
Ⅰ. ［25·青岛改编］ 完形填空。
Do you remember the useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake.” or “It serves you right.” in English learning You may find that they carry more meanings than the words themselves 1 . In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar useful expressions 2 “drinking ink (墨水)” and “An inch (寸) of time is worth an inch of gold.”.
“Drinking ink” is a common expression to show that a person is educated. Is there anyone who really drinks ink It could be true in Chinese history. 3 the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who performed very badly in the exam would be punished 4 drinking one liter (升) of ink. Even if they were found to have poor
handwriting or make up something terrible, they would be taken 5 a special room to drink ink. 6 the room, there was often a guard to make sure they finished the punishment. Nowadays, this expression is widely used to describe people’s ways of receiving education or their level of education. 7 , “drinking foreign ink” means one has studied overseas. “Drinking little ink” means a low level of education.
Language cannot be separated from culture. Language learning can help us better understand the cultures behind the countries and 8 the people from different countries.
（ ）1. A. in danger B. in surprise C. on time D. on purpose
B
（ ）2. A. like B. as C. for D. about
（ ）3. A. After B. Till C. At D. During
（ ）4. A. on B. by C. from D. to
（ ）5. A. off B. across C. into D. over
（ ）6. A. Beside B. Through C. Except D. Under
（ ）7. A. Because of B. After all
C. For example D. As a result
（ ）8. A. deal with B. communicate with
C. agree with D. begin with
A
D
B
C
A
C
B
Ⅱ. ［25·德阳改编］ 短文填空。
Night schools are nothing new today. Li Mei is an engineer in the day. But
1. ________ the evening, she becomes a student in Chengdu. She is trying new hobbies with her 5-year-old son, such as cooking and singing. She used to spend evenings watching her son play in the park. Now she can try new things with him
2. ________ a night school.
A growing number 3. ________ Chinese people go to night schools. They can learn colorful things, from art 4. ________ sports, for free. Young people who want to look 5. ________ new skills and friends go to night schools.
in
at
of
to
for
For example, Miss Wang from Deyang thinks that night schools are good places for her to make friends and learn new knowledge. “I used to spend much of my time alone. I have felt more connected 6. ________ modern society since I became a student of the night school,” she said. “And I often learn about new technologies
7. ________ the educational apps recommended by the school.”
Young people wish to make themselves better so that their daily lives can be meaningful. That has made night schools develop rapidly.
with
on

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