资源简介

Unit 3　Sea Exploration
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1．Where are the speakers
A．In the woman’s home.
B．At a French café.
C．In a supermarket.
2．Why is the woman unable to go to the party
A．She is sick.
B．She has to work.
C．She isn’t interested in it.
3．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．A boxer. B．A TV program. C．A boxing game.
4．When will the speakers meet
A．At 5：00. B．At 5：45. C．At 6：15.
5．What does the man do most weekends
A．He watches basketball matches.
B．He watches football matches.
C．He goes shopping.
第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．When do the club members meet
A．Every Monday. B．Every Sunday. C．Every Saturday.
7．What does the man want to be in the future
A．A librarian. B．A lawyer. C．A photographer.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why does the woman go to the store
A．To return the skirt.
B．To buy another skirt.
C．To change a different color skirt.
9．How does the woman get the skirt
A．From shopping online.
B．From her husband.
C．From a friend.
10．How much is the skirt
A．$100. 　B．$95. 　　C．$90.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the man think of the job suggested by the woman
A．It doesn’t fit him. B．It is dangerous. C．It is well-paid.
12．What does the man want to be
A．An accountant. B．A fisherman. C．A doctor.
13．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Working on fishing boats.
B．Considering a college major.
C．Applying for a work-study program.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What does John think of Amy’s poetry
A．It is very classic.
B．It is very romantic.
C．It is very special and creative.
15．What day is the conversation probably taking place
A．On Tuesday. B．On Monday. C．On Thursday.
16．What topic of poetry will the speakers read about this Thursday
A．Career. B．Nature. C．Friendship.
17．Whose works will the speakers read this week
A．Edgar Allen Poe’s.
B．Emily Dickinson’s.
C．Maya Angelou’s.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．When did the speaker complete the final exams
A．On April 12th.
B．On June 12th.
C．On August 12th.
19．What made the speaker feel upset at first
A．That her exams didn’t go well.
B．That her spoken Chinese was bad.
C．That her original plans were changed.
20．What was the speaker’s most helpful lesson
A．Learning more about cultures.
B．Studying foreign languages hard.
C．Being positive about new experiences.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Finally，the holidays are upon us! What’s better way to spend the hot days ahead than curled up on the sofa with a cold drink
Atomic Habits by James Clear
If you’re looking for some self-reflection time these holidays，then you absolutely need to read Atomic Habits.This book is one of the world’s best-selling works in self-help and is sure to awaken some new thoughts within you.
Let It Snow: Three Holiday Romances by John Green，Maureen Johnson，and Lauren Myracle
This novel consists of three stories about a massive snowstorm in a small North Carolina town，and all feature some aspect of romance.Reviewers have praised the novel’s strong characters and humorous hidden meanings.The stories are appealing and optimistic，and would make for a wonderful holiday read! You can also watch its movie edition to find out more!
Shiver by Maggie Stiefvater
Shiver revolves around the main character，Grace，who becomes convinced that a wolf is watching over her and protecting her each winter.She loves to watch the wolves，but she especially loves to watch a wolf with beautiful，yellow eyes，who watches back.When her wolf becomes a human named Sam，they instantly fall in love with each other.Are you hooked yet The novel has been adapted for the screen.
A Year of Sundays by Belinda Jeffery
If you’re looking for a soft reminder to enjoy your slow days，this book，A Year of Sundays，is the perfect holiday pick-me-up.Join Belinda Jeffery as she shares the recipes and memories that made up her memorable year of Sundays.This is however more than just a cookbook! It is reflective，inspiring and a beautiful reminder to slow down.
21．What is the book Atomic Habits probably about
A．The rules of physics. B．The harms of bad habits.
C．The methods of self-study. D．The ways to reshape ourselves.
22．How does the book Let It Snow：Three Holiday Romances differ from the others
A．It has co-authors. B．It was made into a film.
C．It teaches survival skills. D．It creates humorous characters.
23．Which of the following belongs to a fantasy fiction
A．Atomic Habits.
B．Let It Snow：Three Holiday Romances.
C．Shiver.
D．A Year of Sundays.
B
It was a stormy March morning in 2019 off Australia’s Western Coast，when whale researcher John Totterdell and his students caught sight of the chase in the water.The scene was a mess.The first thing they spotted was about twenty black and white shapes in the water—a group of killer whales surrounding something.From the boat，all Totterdell could make out was a much larger gray blue animal at the center.
Within seconds they realized a pack of killer whales were attacking a blue whale.The whale was about 70 feet long and it was fighting back.But the killer whales，which were only about a third as big，were making coordinated(联合的) attacks and working together to kill their target.It went on for hours and eventually，the blue whale got weaker.
Sensing their opportunity，two killer whales leapt on top of the blue whale，forcing it under the water until it eventually drowned.While killer whales were known to attack blue whales，the team of researchers were the first to ever document a successful attack.They published their findings in the journal Marine Mammal Science.Their work definitely shows that killer whales，which actually belong to the dolphin family，are the top hunter in the ocean.They are so fierce(凶猛的) that even great white sharks seem to be scared of them.
According to researchers who had marked white sharks with a tracking device off the coast of California，just the presence of a group of killer whales drove away the sharks for months.Also in their favor is the close nature of killer whales’ families.The group is led by a matriarch and once they have a skill，they pass it along from one generation to the next within their family group.So，with each successful strike against a blue whale，they are relearning and expanding their culture.
24．What did John Totterdell and his students find in the water
A．A big storm that was forming.
B．A boat surrounded by some whales.
C．The water forming different shapes.
D．A hunting between different sea animals.
25．Which word can be used to describe the killer whales
A．Stupid. B．Cooperative. C．Hopeless. D．Tired.
26．How did John Totterdell and his students deal with what they saw in the water
A．They made a record of it.
B．They drowned the blue whale.
C．They drove away the killer whales.
D．They created Marine Mammal Science.
27．What can be learned from the last paragraph
A．Killer whales are never scared of sharks.
B．The arrival of the researchers drove away the sharks.
C．Female killer whales are always much fiercer than male ones.
D．Killer whales’ hunting skills are probably better than their ancestors’．
C
The mysterious “Great Attractor” is pulling the Milky Way galaxy(星系) off course.No matter what you’re doing right now—sitting，standing，walking—you’re moving.
Specifically，you’re moving at least four different ways.First，the Earth is turning very fast while it’s in space，going about 1,000 miles per hour，or 1,600 kilometers per hour.This turning makes our days and nights.Next，the Earth and the other planets are going around the sun.We move at about 67,000 miles per hour，or 108,000 kilometers per hour.This movement makes our seasons and years.Also，the sun and everything around it is going around the middle of our galaxy，the Milky Way，really fast，over 500,000 miles per hour，or 828,000 kilometers per hour.Plus，everything in the universe is always getting bigger as it spreads out.
But a long time ago，in the 1970s，space experts saw that something was different about the galaxies close to us，called the Local Group.These galaxies were being pulled away from their normal path really fast，towards something we couldn’t see.They named this place the Great Attractor，but it’s hard to learn more about it because we can’t see it well.
“The Milky Way has so many stars and dust，which hides the information we want to see in that direction.So our galaxy is hiding the Great Attractor，” says Jorge Moreno，a space expert at a college.This place we can’t see is called the Zone of Avoidance by people who study space.We still don’t know everything about why the Milky Way and the other galaxies are being pulled off course，but there have been some ideas.The newest idea is a very big group of galaxies called Laniakea，which means “big sky” in Hawaiian.Want to know more about space secrets Send us an email at shortwave@ npr.org.
28．What causes the Earth’s days and nights according to the article
A．The expansion of the universe.
B．The Earth’s turning around itself.
C．The Earth’s orbit around the sun.
D．The Earth’s turning around the Milky Way.
29．What does the words “Zone of Avoidance” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．A galaxy-free space.
B．A hidden part of the sky.
C．The speed of galaxy movement.
D．The cause of galaxy attraction.
30．What can be inferred about the Great Attractor from the information provided
A．It is visible with the naked eyes.
B．It is located somewhere within the Milky Way.
C．It is a large object affecting the motion of nearby galaxies.
D．It is known to be a single galaxy which pulls on other galaxies around it.
31．Where might this article have been published
A．A cooking blog.
B．A fashion magazine.
C．A gardening enthusiast’s journal.
D．A public radio program’s website.
D
Studies have shown the mere exposure effect，also referred to as the familiarity principle，inspires our decisions.It is a helpful psychological mechanism(机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things.Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring.So unless we have a terrible experience，we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to.That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.
It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know.Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences，we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable.But when acting on that preference，we fall back to what we know.This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up.We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.
It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams.But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking.Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic(巨大而突然的) swing that we don’t feel ready for.Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty(新奇的事物)．While this can appear effective in the short run，we may only end up replacing one problem with another.It also risks overwhelm and burnout.
So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy.It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion.We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit.If we think of familiarity as something that can expand，we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently.From here，we will start to make decisions，drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives.
32．What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more
A．The familiarity principle. B．The advertising cost.
C．The improved service. D．The law of the market.
33．What can be learned from paragraph 2
A．Our preferences affect our decisions.
B．There can be a mismatch between desires and actions.
C．The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword.
D．Familiarity tends to generate disrespect.
34．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles
A．Objective. B．Favorable.
C．Disapproving. D．Tolerant.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone
B．Step out of Your Familiarity Zone
C．Spare a Thought for Your Preference
D．Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect
第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I hated writing in the process of growing up.But I couldn’t avoid it.Learning English was a must in high school.For hours，I stared at blank pages，trying to turn my disorganized thoughts into fluent sentences.I tried my best but my teachers would return my papers littered with red.I was frustrated all the time. 36 And that was OK.I didn’t have to be good at everything.
37 I liked the objective truths that could be found if I searched properly.In college，I joined a research lab to enhance conductor efficiency，and after a year of hard work，we developed a design effortlessly.However，the joy was short-lived as I had to write a research paper about our findings.
I knew that if I wanted to become an academic，I would need to spend time penning papers.But with my awful track record with writing，I was scared of failing.In panic，I asked a graduate student in my lab for help.We defined a goal for the paper，and I carefully wrote an outline.But when I asked him for feedback，I soon found the paper covered in red marks. 38
Before I could give up in defeat，though，the graduate student explained those red marks didn’t mean I was a bad writer. 39 It requires revising your work，often several times.I kept improving the outline of my paper，eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs.My initial draft wasn’t perfect.I had buried a few key takeaways，and the introduction was missing important context.But with help，I finally made it.
From then on，writing became one of my favorite parts of research. 40 But I came around.All it took was some trial and error.
A．Maybe I wasn’t born to write.
B．“Not again，” I screamed inside.
C．I should view it in a positive way.
D．Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing.
E．I soon realized writing was my strength.
F．I switched to the world of math and science.
G．I had never imagined it in my wildest dreams.
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
James，a curious boy of 16，had always been attracted by sea exploration，reading countless stories of his father and other sailors and their discoveries.
“Dad，can I really go on a sea exploration trip this summer？” James asked weeks ago.His father，a former 41 ，smiled and nodded，“When you’re ready，son.”
Now the moment came.His father had prepared a small but 42 boat for him.With a map and compass(指南针) in hand，James 43 .The first few hours were thrilling.The sea was 44 ，and the sun shone brightly overhead.However，as the day went on，the sky 45 .The wind picked up，and the waves grew taller and stronger.He tried to keep calm，remembering all that his father had 46 him and handled the boat in severe weather.
Days turned into nights and black again.James faced many 47 .There were moments when he thought he might give up，but the 48 of exploring the sea kept him going.Finally，James 49 a land.It was a small island that wasn’t on his 50 map.On the island，he found strange plants and 51 that he had never seen before.He took careful notes and collected 52 of the plants.
When James returned home，he was greeted as a hero.His 53 had taught him bravery，patience and the joy of 54 .The sea had shared some of its secrets with him，and he knew that this was just the 55 of his lifelong journey of sea exploration.
41．A.conductor B．sailor C．educator D．editor
42．A.well-equipped B．nice-decorated C．eco-friendly D．fuel-efficient
43．A.came along B．signed up C．set off D．turned around
44．A.rough B．deep C．blue D．calm
45．A.reddened B．darkened C．cleared D．shone
46．A.bought B．sent C．taught D．offered
47．A.surprises B．attractions C．strangers D．challenges
48．A.dream B．promise C．plan D．chance
49．A.spotted B．lost C．shared D．abandoned
50．A.favorite B．original C．damaged D．ancient
51．A.flowers B．buildings C．animals D．visitors
52．A.roots B．samples C．photos D．stories
53．A.adventure B．research C．schedule D．curiosity
54．A.growth B．sharing C．discovery D．collecting
55．A.repetition B．importance C．benefit D．beginning
第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Can you speak to dolphins(海豚) Of course you can but you won’t be able to understand them！Here is 56. a biologist has told us：
Just like dogs，cats and other mammals，dolphins communicate using sound，sight，touch and taste.Dolphins don’t have the ability to smell，57. their hearing and eyesight are excellent.Dolphins have their own language and they start talking to each other from birth.58.____________(actual)，scientists think dolphins，like people，“talk” to each other about a lot of things，like their ages，their 59. (feeling) or finding food.And，like humans，dolphins use a system of sounds and body language 60. (communicate)．But understanding their conversations 61. (be) not easy for humans.No one speaks “dolphin” yet，but some scientists are trying to learn.
Dolphins are social animals.They live in groups，and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun.In fact，playing together is something only 62.______________ (intelligence) animals do.
Dolphins are a great helper for fishermen.When fish are near a boat，dolphins show signs 63.____________ the fishermen.64. (use) this method，fishermen can catch a lot of fish.And in return，the dolphins 65. (give) some of the fish.
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　(满分15分)
(2022·全国甲)
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Our Oceans，Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.__________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
第二节　(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Having struggled with financial difficulties for six months and failing to find a way out，I had to close my technology writing business.Fortunately，I found a new job as a salesperson and soon got a client.At the time，I wondered if it was too good to be true.
By the second month，something didn’t seem right，and I developed a bad feeling about the client and the work.When the third month’s check didn’t arrive on time，I sent the client an e-mail to find out what was going on.But there was no reply.Then I sent another e-mail，and another.The check never arrived，and I never heard from the client again.With no hope in sight，I hit rock bottom.Panic replaced cautious optimism along with my last self-confidence.
I hid myself from friends and locked myself in my room.One night，the phone rang.The call was from Eric，a friend of mine from high school.When he was in high school，he told me many times about his parents’ divorce and his loss of confidence in the college entrance examination.During the difficult time，I gave him much comfort and encouragement.Later，he went to college and was always grateful for what I had done.
After the greetings，I told my problems and challenges，hoping my friend would say something comforting.What I didn’t expect was a string of sharp words.“What is wrong with you You can do anything you want to do，” he said.“You are a writer，so start writing.Write for magazine.” “Write for magazine Are you out of your mind I don’t know the first thing about writing for magazine，let alone write things that anyone would want to read.And I have to know where I can send an application form—to what magazine and to what editor，” I shouted at him.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Surprisingly，I felt a little better after the shouting.__________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
On finishing the application form，I sent it to the editor.___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 3　Sea Exploration
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1．Where are the speakers
A．In the woman’s home.
B．At a French café.
C．In a supermarket.
2．Why is the woman unable to go to the party
A．She is sick.
B．She has to work.
C．She isn’t interested in it.
3．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．A boxer. B．A TV program. C．A boxing game.
4．When will the speakers meet
A．At 5：00. B．At 5：45. C．At 6：15.
5．What does the man do most weekends
A．He watches basketball matches.
B．He watches football matches.
C．He goes shopping.
第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．When do the club members meet
A．Every Monday. B．Every Sunday. C．Every Saturday.
7．What does the man want to be in the future
A．A librarian. B．A lawyer. C．A photographer.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why does the woman go to the store
A．To return the skirt.
B．To buy another skirt.
C．To change a different color skirt.
9．How does the woman get the skirt
A．From shopping online.
B．From her husband.
C．From a friend.
10．How much is the skirt
A．$100. 　B．$95. 　　C．$90.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the man think of the job suggested by the woman
A．It doesn’t fit him. B．It is dangerous. C．It is well-paid.
12．What does the man want to be
A．An accountant. B．A fisherman. C．A doctor.
13．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Working on fishing boats.
B．Considering a college major.
C．Applying for a work-study program.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What does John think of Amy’s poetry
A．It is very classic.
B．It is very romantic.
C．It is very special and creative.
15．What day is the conversation probably taking place
A．On Tuesday. B．On Monday. C．On Thursday.
16．What topic of poetry will the speakers read about this Thursday
A．Career. B．Nature. C．Friendship.
17．Whose works will the speakers read this week
A．Edgar Allen Poe’s.
B．Emily Dickinson’s.
C．Maya Angelou’s.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．When did the speaker complete the final exams
A．On April 12th.
B．On June 12th.
C．On August 12th.
19．What made the speaker feel upset at first
A．That her exams didn’t go well.
B．That her spoken Chinese was bad.
C．That her original plans were changed.
20．What was the speaker’s most helpful lesson
A．Learning more about cultures.
B．Studying foreign languages hard.
C．Being positive about new experiences.
答案　1．A　2.B　3.C　4.B　5.A　6.C　7.B　8.A　9.C　10.A　11.A　12.C　13.A　14.C　15.B　16.B　17．C　18.B　19.C　20.C
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Finally，the holidays are upon us! What’s better way to spend the hot days ahead than curled up on the sofa with a cold drink
Atomic Habits by James Clear
If you’re looking for some self-reflection time these holidays，then you absolutely need to read Atomic Habits.This book is one of the world’s best-selling works in self-help and is sure to awaken some new thoughts within you.
Let It Snow: Three Holiday Romances by John Green，Maureen Johnson，and Lauren Myracle
This novel consists of three stories about a massive snowstorm in a small North Carolina town，and all feature some aspect of romance.Reviewers have praised the novel’s strong characters and humorous hidden meanings.The stories are appealing and optimistic，and would make for a wonderful holiday read! You can also watch its movie edition to find out more!
Shiver by Maggie Stiefvater
Shiver revolves around the main character，Grace，who becomes convinced that a wolf is watching over her and protecting her each winter.She loves to watch the wolves，but she especially loves to watch a wolf with beautiful，yellow eyes，who watches back.When her wolf becomes a human named Sam，they instantly fall in love with each other.Are you hooked yet The novel has been adapted for the screen.
A Year of Sundays by Belinda Jeffery
If you’re looking for a soft reminder to enjoy your slow days，this book，A Year of Sundays，is the perfect holiday pick-me-up.Join Belinda Jeffery as she shares the recipes and memories that made up her memorable year of Sundays.This is however more than just a cookbook! It is reflective，inspiring and a beautiful reminder to slow down.
语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合在假日阅读的书。
21．What is the book Atomic Habits probably about
A．The rules of physics. B．The harms of bad habits.
C．The methods of self-study. D．The ways to reshape ourselves.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Atomic Habits这本书有助于自我反思、唤醒思想，可推知它与重塑自我的方法有关。故选D。
22．How does the book Let It Snow：Three Holiday Romances differ from the others
A．It has co-authors. B．It was made into a film.
C．It teaches survival skills. D．It creates humorous characters.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据四个小标题的对比可知，其他书的作者只有一个，而Let It Snow：Three Holiday Romances这本书与其他书的不同之处在于它有合作作者。故选A。
23．Which of the following belongs to a fantasy fiction
A．Atomic Habits.
B．Let It Snow：Three Holiday Romances.
C．Shiver.
D．A Year of Sundays.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Shiver这本书讲述了Grace与由狼变成的少年相恋的故事，因此这是一本奇幻小说。故选C。
B
It was a stormy March morning in 2019 off Australia’s Western Coast，when whale researcher John Totterdell and his students caught sight of the chase in the water.The scene was a mess.The first thing they spotted was about twenty black and white shapes in the water—a group of killer whales surrounding something.From the boat，all Totterdell could make out was a much larger gray blue animal at the center.
Within seconds they realized a pack of killer whales were attacking a blue whale.The whale was about 70 feet long and it was fighting back.But the killer whales，which were only about a third as big，were making coordinated(联合的) attacks and working together to kill their target.It went on for hours and eventually，the blue whale got weaker.
Sensing their opportunity，two killer whales leapt on top of the blue whale，forcing it under the water until it eventually drowned.While killer whales were known to attack blue whales，the team of researchers were the first to ever document a successful attack.They published their findings in the journal Marine Mammal Science.Their work definitely shows that killer whales，which actually belong to the dolphin family，are the top hunter in the ocean.They are so fierce(凶猛的) that even great white sharks seem to be scared of them.
According to researchers who had marked white sharks with a tracking device off the coast of California，just the presence of a group of killer whales drove away the sharks for months.Also in their favor is the close nature of killer whales’ families.The group is led by a matriarch and once they have a skill，they pass it along from one generation to the next within their family group.So，with each successful strike against a blue whale，they are relearning and expanding their culture.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一支研究团队发现一群虎鲸成功地围击一头大蓝鲸的故事。
24．What did John Totterdell and his students find in the water
A．A big storm that was forming.
B．A boat surrounded by some whales.
C．The water forming different shapes.
D．A hunting between different sea animals.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。 根据第一段的“The first thing they spotted was...a much larger gray blue animal at the center.”可知，John Totterdell和他的学生们看到了一群虎鲸在袭击一只蓝鲸，即他们发现了一场不同海洋动物之间的狩猎。故选D。
25．Which word can be used to describe the killer whales
A．Stupid. B．Cooperative. C．Hopeless. D．Tired.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“But the killer whales...making coordinated(联合的) attacks and working together to kill their target.”可知，这些虎鲸在对猎物进行攻击时协同作战，由此可推断，虎鲸有很强的合作性。故选B。
26．How did John Totterdell and his students deal with what they saw in the water
A．They made a record of it.
B．They drowned the blue whale.
C．They drove away the killer whales.
D．They created Marine Mammal Science.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“the team of researchers were the first to ever document a successful attack”可知，John Totterdell和他的学生们把所见到的情景记录了下来。故选A。
27．What can be learned from the last paragraph
A．Killer whales are never scared of sharks.
B．The arrival of the researchers drove away the sharks.
C．Female killer whales are always much fiercer than male ones.
D．Killer whales’ hunting skills are probably better than their ancestors’．
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“once they have a skill，they pass it along from one generation to the next within their family group”可知，虎鲸会把自己的狩猎技能传递给后代，因此推断现在的虎鲸可能比其祖先所使用的技能更全面、更精湛。故选D。
C
The mysterious “Great Attractor” is pulling the Milky Way galaxy(星系) off course.No matter what you’re doing right now—sitting，standing，walking—you’re moving.
Specifically，you’re moving at least four different ways.First，the Earth is turning very fast while it’s in space，going about 1,000 miles per hour，or 1,600 kilometers per hour.This turning makes our days and nights.Next，the Earth and the other planets are going around the sun.We move at about 67,000 miles per hour，or 108,000 kilometers per hour.This movement makes our seasons and years.Also，the sun and everything around it is going around the middle of our galaxy，the Milky Way，really fast，over 500,000 miles per hour，or 828,000 kilometers per hour.Plus，everything in the universe is always getting bigger as it spreads out.
But a long time ago，in the 1970s，space experts saw that something was different about the galaxies close to us，called the Local Group.These galaxies were being pulled away from their normal path really fast，towards something we couldn’t see.They named this place the Great Attractor，but it’s hard to learn more about it because we can’t see it well.
“The Milky Way has so many stars and dust，which hides the information we want to see in that direction.So our galaxy is hiding the Great Attractor，” says Jorge Moreno，a space expert at a college.This place we can’t see is called the Zone of Avoidance by people who study space.We still don’t know everything about why the Milky Way and the other galaxies are being pulled off course，but there have been some ideas.The newest idea is a very big group of galaxies called Laniakea，which means “big sky” in Hawaiian.Want to know more about space secrets Send us an email at shortwave@ npr.org.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，说明了存在一个被称为“Great Attractor”的神秘力量，它正在将银河系拉离其正常轨道。尽管我们无法直接看到它，但天文学家们推测它是一个巨大的星系团，可能名为Laniakea，它对我们的银河系和其他星系产生了强大的引力影响。
28．What causes the Earth’s days and nights according to the article
A．The expansion of the universe.
B．The Earth’s turning around itself.
C．The Earth’s orbit around the sun.
D．The Earth’s turning around the Milky Way.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First，the Earth is turning very fast while it’s in space，going about 1,000 miles per hour，or 1,600 kilometers per hour.This turning makes our days and nights.”可知，地球的自转导致地球的昼夜交替。故选B。
29．What does the words “Zone of Avoidance” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．A galaxy-free space.
B．A hidden part of the sky.
C．The speed of galaxy movement.
D．The cause of galaxy attraction.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The Milky Way has so many stars and dust，which hides the information we want to see in that direction.”以及“This place we can’t see is called the Zone of Avoidance by people who study space.”可知，“Zone of Avoidance”是被银河系的恒星和尘埃所隐藏的天空部分，这使得我们难以观察到该区域背后的天体或现象，即意思是“天空中隐藏的部分”。故选B。
30．What can be inferred about the Great Attractor from the information provided
A．It is visible with the naked eyes.
B．It is located somewhere within the Milky Way.
C．It is a large object affecting the motion of nearby galaxies.
D．It is known to be a single galaxy which pulls on other galaxies around it.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，Great Attractor是一个巨大的物体，它影响了附近星系的运动。故选C。
31．Where might this article have been published
A．A cooking blog.
B．A fashion magazine.
C．A gardening enthusiast’s journal.
D．A public radio program’s website.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Want to know more about space secrets Send us an email at shortwave@ npr.org.”可知，NPR是一个公共广播节目，因此这篇文章很可能发表在公共广播节目的网站上。故选D。
D
Studies have shown the mere exposure effect，also referred to as the familiarity principle，inspires our decisions.It is a helpful psychological mechanism(机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things.Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring.So unless we have a terrible experience，we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to.That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.
It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know.Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences，we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable.But when acting on that preference，we fall back to what we know.This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up.We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.
It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams.But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking.Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic(巨大而突然的) swing that we don’t feel ready for.Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty(新奇的事物)．While this can appear effective in the short run，we may only end up replacing one problem with another.It also risks overwhelm and burnout.
So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy.It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion.We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit.If we think of familiarity as something that can expand，we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently.From here，we will start to make decisions，drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives.
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则促进创造性和成长。
32．What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more
A．The familiarity principle. B．The advertising cost.
C．The improved service. D．The law of the market.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，熟悉性原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选A。
33．What can be learned from paragraph 2
A．Our preferences affect our decisions.
B．There can be a mismatch between desires and actions.
C．The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword.
D．Familiarity tends to generate disrespect.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。第二段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选B。
34．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles
A．Objective. B．Favorable.
C．Disapproving. D．Tolerant.
答案　C
解析　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“While this can appear effective in the short run，we may only end up replacing one problem with another.It also risks overwhelm and burnout.”可知，作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。故选C。
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone
B．Step out of Your Familiarity Zone
C．Spare a Thought for Your Preference
D．Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及最后一段内容可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项A“慢慢扩大你的熟悉范围”最能概括文章的主题。故选A。
第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I hated writing in the process of growing up.But I couldn’t avoid it.Learning English was a must in high school.For hours，I stared at blank pages，trying to turn my disorganized thoughts into fluent sentences.I tried my best but my teachers would return my papers littered with red.I was frustrated all the time. 36 And that was OK.I didn’t have to be good at everything.
37 I liked the objective truths that could be found if I searched properly.In college，I joined a research lab to enhance conductor efficiency，and after a year of hard work，we developed a design effortlessly.However，the joy was short-lived as I had to write a research paper about our findings.
I knew that if I wanted to become an academic，I would need to spend time penning papers.But with my awful track record with writing，I was scared of failing.In panic，I asked a graduate student in my lab for help.We defined a goal for the paper，and I carefully wrote an outline.But when I asked him for feedback，I soon found the paper covered in red marks. 38
Before I could give up in defeat，though，the graduate student explained those red marks didn’t mean I was a bad writer. 39 It requires revising your work，often several times.I kept improving the outline of my paper，eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs.My initial draft wasn’t perfect.I had buried a few key takeaways，and the introduction was missing important context.But with help，I finally made it.
From then on，writing became one of my favorite parts of research. 40 But I came around.All it took was some trial and error.
A．Maybe I wasn’t born to write.
B．“Not again，” I screamed inside.
C．I should view it in a positive way.
D．Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing.
E．I soon realized writing was my strength.
F．I switched to the world of math and science.
G．I had never imagined it in my wildest dreams.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从讨厌写作到逐渐喜欢上写作的心路历程。
36．答案　A
解析　由上文“I tried my best but my teachers would return my papers littered with red.I was frustrated all the time.”以及下文“And that was OK.I didn’t have to be good at everything.”可知，本空应表达作者对自己写作能力的看法。A选项(也许我不是天生就适合写作)体现了作者觉得自己可能不具备写作天赋，能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
37．答案　F
解析　由下文可知，作者喜欢客观真理，并且参与了和科学相关的研究，本空应强调作者转向了与科学相关的领域。F选项(我转向了数学和科学的领域)能引出下文作者在数学和科学方面的经历，符合语境。故选F。
38．答案　B
解析　由上文可知，作者的论文又被批改出很多问题，本空应表达作者此时的感受。B选项(“不会又这样吧，” 我在心里尖叫道)体现了作者看到满是红笔标记时的无奈和沮丧情绪，能承接上文，符合语境。故选B。
39．答案　D
解析　由上下文可知，本空应进一步解释写作需要多次修改的特点。D选项(写作不是一蹴而就的事情)说明了写作需要多次修改，不是一次就能完成的，能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
40．答案　G
解析　由上下文可知，本空应表达作者之前对写作的态度和现在的反差。G选项(我做梦也没想到会这样)体现了作者之前从未想过写作会成为自己喜欢的部分，与下文的转折形成对比，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
James，a curious boy of 16，had always been attracted by sea exploration，reading countless stories of his father and other sailors and their discoveries.
“Dad，can I really go on a sea exploration trip this summer？” James asked weeks ago.His father，a former 41 ，smiled and nodded，“When you’re ready，son.”
Now the moment came.His father had prepared a small but 42 boat for him.With a map and compass(指南针) in hand，James 43 .The first few hours were thrilling.The sea was 44 ，and the sun shone brightly overhead.However，as the day went on，the sky 45 .The wind picked up，and the waves grew taller and stronger.He tried to keep calm，remembering all that his father had 46 him and handled the boat in severe weather.
Days turned into nights and black again.James faced many 47 .There were moments when he thought he might give up，but the 48 of exploring the sea kept him going.Finally，James 49 a land.It was a small island that wasn’t on his 50 map.On the island，he found strange plants and 51 that he had never seen before.He took careful notes and collected 52 of the plants.
When James returned home，he was greeted as a hero.His 53 had taught him bravery，patience and the joy of 54 .The sea had shared some of its secrets with him，and he knew that this was just the 55 of his lifelong journey of sea exploration.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁男孩James海上探险的经历与收获。
41．A.conductor B．sailor C．educator D．editor
答案　B
解析　conductor指挥；sailor水手；educator教育家；editor编辑。根据上文“reading countless stories of his father and other sailors and their discoveries”可知，James的父亲以前是一位水手。故选B。
42．A.well-equipped B．nice-decorated C．eco-friendly D．fuel-efficient
答案　A
解析　well-equipped装备齐全的；nice-decorated装饰精美的；eco-friendly环保的；fuel-efficient节能的。根据上下文“His father had prepared a small but boat for him.With a map and compass(指南针) in hand”可知，James的父亲为他准备了一艘装备齐全的船。故选A。
43．A.came along B．signed up C．set off D．turned around
答案　C
解析　come along出现；sign up报名；set off出发；turn around转身。根据上文“His father had prepared a small but boat for him.With a map and compass(指南针) in hand”和下文“The first few hours were thrilling.”可知，父亲为他准备了一艘虽小但装备齐全的船，James带着地图和指南针出发了。故选C。
44．A.rough B．deep C．blue D．calm
答案　D
解析　rough粗糙的；deep深的；blue蓝色的；calm平静的。根据下文“and the sun shone brightly overhead”可知，阳光灿烂地照在头顶，所以大海很平静。故选D。
45．A.reddened B．darkened C．cleared D．shone
答案　B
解析　redden变红；darken变暗；clear清除；shine发光。根据下文“The wind picked up，and the waves grew taller and stronger.”可知，后来天空变暗了。故选B。
46．A.bought B．sent C．taught D．offered
答案　C
解析　buy买；send发送；teach教；offer提供。根据上文“remembering all that his father had”可知，James回忆起父亲教给他的一切。故选C。
47．A.surprises B．attractions C．strangers D．challenges
答案　D
解析　surprise惊喜；attraction吸引力；stranger陌生人；challenge挑战。根据上文提到的恶劣天气和下文“There were moments when he thought he might give up(有几次他觉得自己可能要放弃了)”可知，James面临许多挑战。故选D。
48．A.dream B．promise C．plan D．chance
答案　A
解析　dream梦想；promise承诺；plan计划；chance机会。根据上文“James，a curious boy of 16，had always been attracted by sea exploration”和下文“of exploring the sea kept him going”可知，探索海洋的梦想让James继续前行。故选A。
49．A.spotted B．lost C．shared D．abandoned
答案　A
解析　spot发现；lose丢失；share分享；abandon抛弃。根据下文“It was a small island”可知，James发现了陆地。故选A。
50．A.favorite B．original C．damaged D．ancient
答案　B
解析　favorite最喜欢的；original原来的；damaged损坏的；ancient古老的。根据上文“It was a small island that wasn’t on his”可知，这是一个不在他原地图上的小岛。故选B。
51．A.flowers B．buildings C．animals D．visitors
答案　C
解析　flower花；building建筑物；animal动物；visitor游客。根据上文“he found strange plants and”可知，在岛上，James发现了以前从未见过的奇怪植物和动物。故选C。
52．A.roots B．samples C．photos D．stories
答案　B
解析　root根；sample样本；photo照片；story故事。根据上文“He took careful notes and collected”和下文“of the plants”可知，James采集了植物样本。故选B。
53．A.adventure B．research C．schedule D．curiosity
答案　A
解析　adventure冒险；research研究；schedule时间表；curiosity好奇心。根据上文“Dad，can I really go on a sea exploration trip this summer？”和“handled the boat in severe weather”可知，James的冒险教会了他勇敢、耐心和发现的喜悦。故选A。
54．A.growth B．sharing C．discovery D．collecting
答案　C
解析　growth成长；sharing分享；discovery发现；collecting收集。根据上文“It was a small island that wasn’t on his map.On the island，he found strange plants and that he had never seen before.”可知，James在陌生的小岛发现了奇怪的动植物，他的冒险教会了他发现的喜悦。故选C。
55．A.repetition B．importance C．benefit D．beginning
答案　D
解析　repetition重复；importance重要性；benefit利益；beginning开始。根据上文“this was just the”和下文“of his lifelong journey of sea exploration”可知，James知道这只是他终身海洋探索之旅的开始。故选D。
第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Can you speak to dolphins(海豚) Of course you can but you won’t be able to understand them！Here is 56. a biologist has told us：
Just like dogs，cats and other mammals，dolphins communicate using sound，sight，touch and taste.Dolphins don’t have the ability to smell，57. their hearing and eyesight are excellent.Dolphins have their own language and they start talking to each other from birth.58.____________(actual)，scientists think dolphins，like people，“talk” to each other about a lot of things，like their ages，their 59. (feeling) or finding food.And，like humans，dolphins use a system of sounds and body language 60. (communicate)．But understanding their conversations 61. (be) not easy for humans.No one speaks “dolphin” yet，but some scientists are trying to learn.
Dolphins are social animals.They live in groups，and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun.In fact，playing together is something only 62.______________ (intelligence) animals do.
Dolphins are a great helper for fishermen.When fish are near a boat，dolphins show signs 63.____________ the fishermen.64. (use) this method，fishermen can catch a lot of fish.And in return，the dolphins 65. (give) some of the fish.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。海豚能够用自己的语言交流，还能够帮助渔民捕获更多的鱼。
56．答案　what
解析　考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句，并在从句中作tell的宾语。故填what。
57．答案　but
解析　考查连词。空处前后两个分句在意义上为转折关系，故用but连接。
58．答案　Actually
解析　考查词性转换。空处所填单词单独使用，应用副词形式作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Actually。
59．答案　feelings
解析　考查名词复数。此处feeling表示“感情”，为可数名词且通常用复数。故填feelings。
60．答案　to communicate
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。故填to communicate。
61．答案　is
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这里说的是一般性情况，用一般现在时；动词-ing形式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填is。
62．答案　intelligent
解析　考查词性转换。空处修饰名词，应用形容词形式作定语。故填intelligent。
63．答案　to
解析　考查固定搭配。show sth.to sb.意为“给某人看某物”。故填to。
64．答案　Using
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词且无连词，故空处用非谓语形式，逻辑主语fishermen与use之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Using。
65．答案　are given
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the dolphins为复数，是谓语动词动作的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是一般性情况，故用一般现在时。故填are given。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　(满分15分)
(2022·全国甲)
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Our Oceans，Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.__________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Our Oceans，Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.It aims to raise people’s awareness of protecting oceans.
It goes without saying that oceans play a critical role in the world.Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us，but they are also crucial for the global climate development.Additionally，oceans are “the lungs of our planet”，providing most of the oxygen we breathe.
As high school students，it’s our responsibility to protect oceans.First of all，do what we can to make a difference.For example，stop throwing garbage into oceans.In addition，call on people around us to take action，too.I believe we will have cleaner oceans.
第二节　(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Having struggled with financial difficulties for six months and failing to find a way out，I had to close my technology writing business.Fortunately，I found a new job as a salesperson and soon got a client.At the time，I wondered if it was too good to be true.
By the second month，something didn’t seem right，and I developed a bad feeling about the client and the work.When the third month’s check didn’t arrive on time，I sent the client an e-mail to find out what was going on.But there was no reply.Then I sent another e-mail，and another.The check never arrived，and I never heard from the client again.With no hope in sight，I hit rock bottom.Panic replaced cautious optimism along with my last self-confidence.
I hid myself from friends and locked myself in my room.One night，the phone rang.The call was from Eric，a friend of mine from high school.When he was in high school，he told me many times about his parents’ divorce and his loss of confidence in the college entrance examination.During the difficult time，I gave him much comfort and encouragement.Later，he went to college and was always grateful for what I had done.
After the greetings，I told my problems and challenges，hoping my friend would say something comforting.What I didn’t expect was a string of sharp words.“What is wrong with you You can do anything you want to do，” he said.“You are a writer，so start writing.Write for magazine.” “Write for magazine Are you out of your mind I don’t know the first thing about writing for magazine，let alone write things that anyone would want to read.And I have to know where I can send an application form—to what magazine and to what editor，” I shouted at him.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Surprisingly，I felt a little better after the shouting.__________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
On finishing the application form，I sent it to the editor.___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Surprisingly，I felt a little better after the shouting.After a short silence，Eric replied in a firm voice，“I always remember what you said when I was in trouble.You said ‘No one can get you out of trouble but yourself.’ ” Hearing that，I was speechless and struck by the fact that it was easier to convince others than to convince myself.Inspired by Eric’s words，I started searching for magazines the next day and finally found one that accepted online contributions with various topics.Then I began to prepare my application form.
On finishing the application form，I sent it to the editor.Luckily，two days later I received a positive response and an invitation to write.At first，I only wrote articles I was expert in.Gradually，I began trying new types.One day，much to my amazement，one of my articles appeared on the first page of the magazine! Since then，I have been on my way to becoming an excellent writer.That definitely should be credited to Eric.It was he who enlightened me and helped me regain confidence to face challenges in my life.

展开更多......

收起↑