资源简介

(共38张PPT)
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
(单元主题语境：人与自然——海洋探索)
Section Ⅱ　 Learning About Language
复习动词不定式
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
[感知]
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.
我原计划乘飞机去维也纳，然后转乘公交车去布拉格参加一场会议。
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript.
如果你想让你的文章发表，提交一份完美、专业的原稿是至关重要的。
3.It was so kind of you to have provided everything to make my staying there such a happy and lucky experience.
你真是太好了，为我提供了一切，使我在那里的逗留成为如此愉快而幸运的体验。
4.I know that true friends are those who care for us，not just any acquaintance who happens to be passing by.
我知道真正的朋友是那些关心我们的人，而不是碰巧路过的熟人。
[归纳]
时态 主动语态 被动语态 表示的意义
一般时 to do to be done 动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时 to have done to have been
done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
进行时 to be doing — 谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
时态 主动语态 被动语态 表示的意义
完成进行时 to have been
doing — 动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直在进行
不定式的“被动”与“否定”
①不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.
被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。
②不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前，即构成not to do或never to do的形式。如：
They took a vote and decided not to do it.
他们进行了表决，决定放弃。
How many times has your mother told you never to talk to strangers
你妈妈告诉过你多少次绝不能和陌生人说话？
[即练]
单句填空
1.I'm more than glad (invite) to attend the piano concert with you.
2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether
(bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth ...
to be invited
to bite
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
4.I am so proud (get) first prize at the English Oral Contest.
5.We should report this problem to the manager (ask) for some help.
to be lifted
to have got
to ask
二、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等，表示比较具体的意义。
(一)动词不定式作主语
[感知]
1.To improve English is the most urgent thing because I have to make a solid foundation for my dream university.
提高英语是最紧迫的事情，因为我必须为我梦想中的大学打下坚实的基础。
2.It is natural to be worried when facing a speech contest.
面对演讲比赛时，担心是很正常的。
[探究]
1.动词不定式作主语多表示 或 某一次动作。
2.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用 作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
将来的
具体的
it
在it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语的句型中，若要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前面加上“for/of＋n./pron.”结构。当形容词表示事物的特征时用for；当形容词表示人所具有的特征或品质时用of，这样的形容词有careful、cruel、foolish、brave、good、honest、kind、rude、 polite、 nice、 stupid、 wise、 wrong等。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
(二)动词不定式作表语
[感知]
1.She'd been bitten by a snake；before long she could barely move，and the pain seemed to be getting worse.
她被蛇咬了，没过多久就几乎不能动弹了，而且疼痛似乎越来越严重。
2.My dream is to study computer science in university and become an excellent computer engineer in the future.
我的梦想是在大学学习计算机科学，将来成为一名优秀的计算机工程师。
3.Life is to be enjoyed，not to be wasted or complained about.
生命是用来享受的，而不是用来浪费或抱怨的。
[探究]
1.动词不定式用于seem、appear、prove、turn out等 动词之后作表语。
2.动词不定式跟在主语为dream、purpose等名词后作表语，表示
的内容，强调“等价”。
3.动词不定式用于 结构中时，表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。
连系
主语
be to do
(三)动词不定式作宾语
[感知]
1.We decide to organize an English word competition—Vocabulary Day.
我们决定组织一次英语单词比赛——词汇日。
2.The rich man who had pretended to be the beggar took out a large sum of money.
那个冒充乞丐的富人拿出了一大笔钱。
3.I think it easy for me to communicate with the foreigners.
我觉得对我来说，与外国人沟通很容易。
[探究]
1.动词不定式跟在hope、decide、manage等后作宾语。
2.动词不定式在某些动词如find、think、consider、feel、make、believe后，常用 作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。
it
后接动词不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀：
三个希望两答应(hope、wish、want、agree、promise)，
两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse)。
设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide)，
不要假装在选择(pretend、choose)。
[即练]
单句填空
1.Standing on stage，I panicked but soon managed (calm) down.
2.The secret of success is (work) hard as well as learning methods.
3.Gradually，the subject I hated so much turned out (be) a source of interest.
4.Although my dad said he wanted (drive) me，my mom and I both agreed (walk).
5.It is a great honour for me (tell) you some information relevant to the local life.
to calm
to work
to drive
to walk
to tell
to be
(四)动词不定式作宾语补足语
[感知]
1.E-commerce allows consumers to shop and pay online through the network.
电子商务使消费者能够通过网络在线购物和支付。
2.I heard him sing yesterday.
＝He was heard to sing yesterday.
我昨天听到他唱歌了。
3.Some fun time off work can either refresh your mind or make you love your work again.
工作之余的一些娱乐时间要么可以让你精神焕发，要么可以让你重新爱上你的工作。
[探究]
1.在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask、want、invite、get、force、expect、allow、persuade、order、warn、remind、prefer、cause、permit、forbid、advise、teach等。
2.有些动词(短语)后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作的全过程，不定式可省略to，这些动词(短语)有：一感(feel)；二听(hear、listen to)；三使(let、have、make)；五看(see、notice、observe、watch、look at)；半帮助(help)。动词不定式作help的宾语补足语时，既可以带to，也可以不带to。当以上动词(短语)所在句子是 句时，动词不定式符号 必须保留。
被动
to
(五)动词不定式作定语
[感知]
1.I'm writing to invite you to a lecture on Chinese calligraphy art to be held next Sunday.
我写信是想邀请你参加下星期日举行的中国书法艺术讲座。
2.I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支钢笔写字。
3.He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
4.Everyone is welcome.Don't miss your chance to communicate with each other!
欢迎大家的到来。不要错过彼此交流的机会！
[探究]
1.动词不定式作定语表示 的动作。
2.动词不定式常放在某些 或代词后作定语。
3.动词不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
4.被修饰词是 名词时，常用动词不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability、chance、idea、hope、wish、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、way等。
将来
名词
抽象
5.如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后需要加相应的介词。
动词不定式作定语时，若句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表示被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表示被动含义。
She has a sister to look after.
她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)
[即练]
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月卷)The last day (cancel) registration and receive a full refund(退款) is June 15.
2.The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” (choose) from.
to cancel
to choose
3.Additionally，from time to time I will assign group work
(complete) in class ...
4.She plans to persuade her friends (donate) some money to those in need.
5.He is often heard (read) in the room.
to be completed
to donate
to read
(六)动词不定式作状语
[感知]
1.Students and teachers will put on performances to celebrate the opening of the sports meeting.
学生和老师将表演节目来庆祝运动会开幕。
2.I sensed something and looked down，only to find a beautiful little cat sitting there.
我感觉到了什么，往下一看，结果发现一只漂亮的小猫蹲在那里。
3.We are happy to be taking part in the project.
我们很高兴能参加这个项目。
[探究]
1.动词不定式作 状语，表示“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，动词不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能置于句首。
2.动词不定式作 状语，常表示令人意外的结果，有时前面加
，以加强语气。常用于下列结构：
①only to do sth.(表示意想不到的结果)
②enough to do sth.足够做某事
③too ...to ...太……而不能……
④so/such ...as to ...如此……以至于……
目的
结果
only
3.表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作
状语，用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因。常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased、foolish等。
原因
①动词不定式作结果状语通常放在主句的后面，并且常表示想象不到、出人意料的结果。
②现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果。
[即练]
单句填空
1. (save) more money，the determined boy even decided to deliver papers in the early morning.
2.I am more than delighted (receive) your letter.Now let me introduce a Chinese writer to you.
3.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
To save
to receive
to teach
4.We carefully took it out and couldn't wait to give Mom a surprise，only (find) her eyes red and wet.
5.I ate so much chicken and pork that I was too full (eat) any vegetables.
to find
to eat
用括号内单词的适当形式填空
Middle school students usually have some problems，such as stress，anger and loneliness，but college sets the stage for that exploration.
Be independent.
Parents must lead their children 1. (live) on their own before college，because professors don't coddle like high school teachers.Most won't even force students 2. (attend) class.
to live
to attend
Keep fit.
It's easy 3. (neglect) both physical and mental health in college.
If necessary，adjust 4. (lose) weight.
Your high metabolism makes it possible 5. (control) your weight.
Your elevated hormones allow you 6. (build) muscle and cut fat with ease.
to neglect
to lose
to control
to build
Your ability 7. (recover) from minor injury rapidly (and fully) permits you 8. (exercise) with an intensity that will not be possible even a decade later.
Don't get a TV.It's too easy 9. (sit) in a dorm room and watch TV，or to leave it on in the background.It is certainly not advised 10. (take) this approach in the first semester.
to recover
to exercise
to sit
to take

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