资源简介

UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
(单元主题语境：人与自然——海洋探索)
Section Ⅳ　Writing
1.写作词汇再现
①ocean海洋
②marine海生的；货船的
③creature生物
④overfish过度捕捞
⑤vessel大船；轮船
⑥resource资源
⑦explore探索
⑧exploration勘探；探索
⑨reserve储备(量)
⑩coastal沿海的
?offshore近海的
?undersea海底的
?pollution污染
?balance使保持平衡
?submarine水下的；海底的
2.精彩句式再练
完成句子
(1)引入话题
①最近我们班进行了一次关于海洋探索的讨论。
Recently our class sea exploration.
②在这个话题上意见有分歧。
Opinions the topic.
had a discussion about
were divided on
(2)列举正方和反方的观点并说明理由
①然而，任何事物都有两面性。
However， .
②一些学生支持这个观点。其他学生反对这个观点。
Some students the opinion.Other students
the opinion.
every coin has two sides
support/are for
oppose/are against
(3)表明自己的观点
①我同意第二种观点，即有必要探索海洋。
it is necessary to explore the sea.
②就我个人而言，我赞成第一/第二种观点。
，I'm in favour of the first/second view.
I agree with the second view that
As far as I'm concerned/Personally
Ⅰ 议论文写作
写一篇关于海洋探索的议论文
?写作指导
本单元的写作任务属于议论文体类别中的“辩论性议论文”。它是对某个议论对象提出见解或主张并说明理由，使读者信服的文章。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来论证其观点，支持或否定某种主张，从而达到让读者信服或接受其观点或看法的目的。
议论文的基本结构
?典例展示
假定你是李华，最近你班就人类是否应该进行海洋探索进行了讨论。请你根据讨论结果，给某英文报社的编辑写一封信。
赞成的理由
反对的理由
你的看法
1.获取更多的海底资源
2.增进对地球上生命的了解
……
1.造成海洋污染，导致海洋生物死亡
2.破坏生态系统
……
……
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇]
确定体裁、话题
体裁：议论文
话题：海洋探索
确定时态、人称
时态：一般现在时
人称：第三人称为主，兼顾第一人称
布局文章架构
首段：引出话题
中段：正方的观点及其理由，反方的观点及其理由
尾段：自己的观点
列出核心要点
1.说明辩论主题——人类是否应该进行海洋探索
2.赞成理由：有可能发现新的食物和能源来源，有助于增进我们对地球上生命的了解
反对理由：造成海洋污染，导致海洋生物死亡；破坏生态系统
3.说明自己的观点：海洋探索应该与经济需求相平衡
[实践应用]
1.完成句子
①有些学生赞成需要充分开发海洋的观点。(that 引导同位语从句)
Some of the students the sea needs to be exploited fully.
②这将使人们发现新的食物和能源来源成为可能。(make＋it＋adj.＋to do)
It will of food and energy.
subscribe to the view that
make it possible for people to discover new sources
③海洋探索可能有助于增进我们对地球上生命的了解。
Sea exploration might help on the earth.
④其他人对此表示反对。他们认为这可能会带来海洋污染，最终导致海洋生物死亡。
Others .They believe it might and it finally .
⑤更糟糕的是，它还可能对生态系统造成破坏。
Worse still，it might also .
enhance our understanding of the life
bring about marine pollution
are against it
leads the marine life to death
do damage to the ecosystem
⑥海洋勘探应该与经济需求相平衡。
Sea exploration with economic needs.
⑦希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。(as引导时间状语从句)
Hopefully， ，we may have more options for managing this balance.
should be balanced
as the advancement of technology
2.句式升级
⑧把句②改写成含有because引导的表语从句的复合句

⑨把句④改写成含有because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句的复合句

That's because it will make it possible for people to discover new sources of food and energy.
Others are against it，because they believe it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the marine life to death.
3.靓化成篇
结合以上句子写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。

[参考范文]
Dear Editor，
Recently，there is a heated debate over the exploration of the sea in our class.
Some of the students subscribe to the view that the sea needs to be exploited fully.That's because it will make it possible for people to discover new sources of food and energy.In addition，it might help enhance our understanding of the life on the earth.However，others are
against it，because they believe it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the marine life to death.Worse still，it might also do damage to the ecosystem.
As far as I'm concerned，sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs.Hopefully，as the advancement of technology，we may have more options for managing this balance.
Yours，
Li Hua
?实战演练
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jenny近日来信谈到海洋探索造成了许多危害，询问你对海洋探索的看法。请你给她回信，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.你的看法；
3.你的希望。
注意：
1.词数80 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jenny，
I'm more than delighted to hear from you.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Jenny，
I'm more than delighted to hear from you.Concerning sea exploration，I also have a lot to share with you.
I can't agree more with your opinion that the sea is home to life and that it is quite necessary to protect it.But I don't think we should stop exploring.As we all know，not only has sea exploration helped address important issues such as climate changes，but it has contributed a lot to
relieving energy crisis.Therefore，we are expected to have more understanding of the ocean so as to use and manage its resources better.To keep a good balance between protection and exploration，we still have a long way to go.Hopefully，we all people across the world may make joint efforts to explore the sea reasonably，living in harmony with the creatures in the beautiful ocean.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jen and her brother，Rick，live on the west coast of Australia；swimming and surfing have become a routine for them.They see all kinds of fish，such as lovely dolphins，huge whales and even fierce sharks.
One day，Jen was on the beach，standing on the hot sand.Enormous waves crashed along mile after mile of beautiful sand.Rick was happy because he had a new surfboard.Rick's favourite sport is surfing.
“I'm going to look at the fish underwater，” Jen waved to Rick，putting her blue rubber fins on her feet.Then she put the yellow mask and snorkel on her face.
The water was warm.Jen took a big breath and dived down and down.She could see fish and plants through her mask and the fish swam all around her.Jen observed or touched the tall or small plants growing on the rocks.Some were soft and some were rough.Fish live in the plants and rocks.
Jen was swimming past a large rock when she saw a blue dolphin keep still.
Trapped in a net around the rock，the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air.Moving its fins painfully，the poor blue dolphin was dying slowly.
Immediately，Jen pulled the net from the rocks and then freed the dolphin.It moved its fins quickly and swam up.It took a breath of air.The blue dolphin looked down at Jen gratefully，swimming away.
On the way home，she told her brother about her adventure with the blue dolphin with great interest.
The following day it was still hot，and more people swam in the sea，playing and laughing.The hot sun shone，and the water was silver and blue.
Some lifeguards watched the swimmers closely as they stared at the sea in the distance.Suddenly，one shouted loudly，“Shark! Quick！” Hungry，a shark was swimming quickly towards the swimming people.Everybody was frightened and began to swim towards the beach.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Jen and Rick were swimming a long way from the beach.
All of a sudden，Jen saw another fin in the water.
[巧读文]
1.读要素
Who：Jen，Rick(Jen's brother)，a blue dolphin，a shark
When：one day
Where：on the west coast of Australia
What：Jen and her brother went swimming in the sea and met a shark.
Why：The emergency broke out unexpectedly.
2.读双线(情节线、情感线)
情节线：
he had a new surfboard ...I'm going to look at the fish underwater→see fish and plants through her mask and the fish swam all around her→Jen pulled the net from the rocks and then freed the dolphin→The following day ...“Shark！Quick！” ...Everybody was frightened and began to swim towards the beach.
情感线：
happy → curious → brave to save the dolphin→ frightened
[妙构思]
1.读首句，定方向
第一段：
由续写第一段首句内容“Jen and Rick were swimming a long way from the beach.”可知，Jen和Rick正在离海滩很远的地方游泳。根据第二段提示句中的another fin in the water可知，第一段可以描写他们看见鲨鱼后，企图摆脱鲨鱼的经过。
第二段：
由续写第二段首句内容“All of a sudden，Jen saw another fin in the water.”可知，紧急时刻，Jen救过的海豚出现了。结合上文海豚感激Jen的救助可知，第二段可描写海豚出现，攻击鲨鱼，他们得救了。
2.巧设问，定细节
第一段：
(1)How did they react to the lifeguard's warning?

(2)How did they feel when they saw the shark?

(3)What did they see and what did they do?

uncared/ignored the warning ...
be scared to death/in panic/feel desperate ...
They saw a shark and swam away desperately/screamed in fear ...
第二段：
(1)What was it?

(2)What did the dolphin do?

(3)How did Jen feel?

the blue dolphin ...
fought against the shark ...
excited/grateful/happy ...
[雕句式]
根据提示升级下列句子
1.When the shark was approaching Rick，Jen saw it and shouted in horror，“Rick! Look out！”
→ ，Jen saw it and shouted in horror，“Rick! Look out！”(独立主格结构)
2.The people on the beach were frightened and all screamed.
→The people on the beach were .
(so ...that ...)
The shark approaching Rick
so frightened that they all screamed
3.To her surprise and delight，the dolphin was the one she rescued the day before.
→To her surprise and delight， .(强调句；强调主语)
4.“Rick，it's my blue dolphin！” Jen shouted excitedly，and her eyes filled with tears.
→“Rick，it's my blue dolphin！” Jen shouted excitedly， .(独立主格结构)
it was the dolphin that she rescued the day before
her eyes filled with tears
[成美文]
Jen and Rick were swimming a long way from the beach.
All of a sudden，Jen saw another fin in the water.
[参考范文]
Jen and Rick were swimming a long way from the beach.At first，they didn't respond to the warning.The shark approaching Rick，Jen saw it and shouted in horror，“Rick! Look out！” Fortunately，Rick saw the shark's black fin above the water，which was 30 metres away.Jen and Rick swam desperately towards the beach.Then the shark was 15 metres away.Jen could even see the shark's sharp white teeth.The people on the beach were so frightened that they all screamed.
All of a sudden，Jen saw another fin in the water.In panic，she saw that it was a familiar blue fin.To her surprise and delight，it was the dolphin that she rescued the day before.It was the blue dolphin that rushed fearlessly towards the fierce shark.Bravely，it hit the shark continually.
The shark was frightened and swam away.“Rick，it's my blue dolphin！” Jen shouted excitedly，her eyes filled with tears.Meanwhile，the lovely blue dolphin leapt out of the water with a cheerful cry.
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the Thames go in the end?
A.The south of the country.
B.The North Sea.
C.The west of the country.
2.What does the woman mean?
A.The sea is getting smaller.
B.The sea is being polluted.
C.The sea is getting cleaner.
3.What do the speakers most possibly do?
A.Use less plastics.
B.Cut plastics out of life.
C.Collect plastics in the ocean.
4.What impressed the man most in Australia?
A.The sea.
B.The beautiful cities.
C.The beautiful beaches.
5.Why is the fish in danger of dying out?
A.Because of over-fishing.
B.Because of water pollution.
C.Because of a natural disaster.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7小题。
6.What is the woman going to do on summer vacation?
A.Going to the sea. B.Going to the mountains.
C.Going to the countryside.
7.What will the man do?
A.He will join the woman.
B.He will go to the countryside.
C.He will stay at home.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9小题。
8.Which question do the speakers have disagreement on?
A.What the most valuable thing is.
B.Where to spend a holiday.
C.How to save fresh water.
9.Where are the speakers?
A.At home. B.In the sea.
C.On the beach.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题。
10.What animal is in the video that the woman saw?
A.A duck.
B.A turtle.
C.A fish.
11.What do scientists think could happen by 2050?
A.There will be fewer fish in the sea than plastics.
B.Fifty percent of the fish in the ocean will die.
C.All businesses will stop using straws.
12.Where will the speakers go next?
A.To a restaurant.
B.To a gift shop.
C.To a coffee shop.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16小题。
13.What is the woman doing?
A.Hosting a program.
B.Having a job interview.
C.Doing an environmental test.
14.What happened to the animals in the disaster a short time ago?
A.The fish were covered with oil.
B.The birds died of a rare disease.
C.The whales were washed up on the shore.
15.What does the woman think of Kevin's job?
A.Interesting. B.Difficult.
C.Easy.
16.Why did Kevin choose the job?
A.He liked outdoor activities.
B.He enjoyed staying at the coast.
C.He was interested in the ocean system.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20小题。
17.What are sharks famous for?
A.Their large bodies.
B.Their sense of smell.
C.Their attacking ability.
18.How long can the biggest whale shark be?
A.20 meters.
B.10 meters.
C.2 meters.
19.What do sharks' good senses help them do？　
A.Escape from danger.
B.Find their food.
C.Kill enemies.
20.Where do most sharks live?
A.In warm ocean waters.
B.In cold areas of oceans.
C.In warm lakes.
听力原文
第一节
1.M：Do you know the Thames?
W：Yes. It's a very beautiful river.①It is in the south of the country and runs to the east, into the North Sea.
2.W：Have you seen the sea?
M：Of course, I have! It's all around us.
W：No! ②I mean, have you seen how dirty the water is? It looks as if it isn't clean enough to swim here.
3.M：We hear so much about the consequences of having too much waste plastic around us, don't we?
W：Indeed, not only does it cause a mess, but it also puts wildlife, particularly ocean animals，at risk when they eat it.
M：Can't agree more! ③We should use plastics as little as possible.
4.W：Hey, I was told you went to Australia last week.
M：Yes, it's a nice place. It's well worth going to.④You can enjoy the beautiful beaches in some seaside cities.It's really great fun.
W：Really? Maybe I'll go and visit this summer.
M：Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.
5.M：A kind of fish named the Brazilian Guitar Fish is in danger of dying out.
W：Why? It is terrible!
M：⑤Because of over-fishing, the numbers have been largely reduced.
W：Well, in order to protect the sea resources, many countries have passed laws to limit the fishing season and the amount of fishing.
(1.B　2.B　3.A　4.C　5.A)
第二节
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7小题。
W：Have you already planned for your summer vacation?
M：I planned to go to the mountains, but my parents want me to be with them.
W：⑥I'm going to the beach with some friends. We are going surfing.
M：Sounds nice.
W：Why don't you come with us?
M：Em，⑦I have to visit my grandparents in the countryside.Sorry, but still thanks for your invitation.
W：OK. Enjoy your time.
(6.A　7.B)
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9小题。
M：⑧Oil must be the most precious thing in the world. It's worth even more than gold.
W：⑧I would say that water is most valuable. Nothing can live without it.
M：But most of the planet is covered with water, so there's plenty of it.⑨Standing on the sand here and looking out to the sea, it seems endless.
W：Yes, but look at that island out there. It's surrounded by water. However, because it is salty and there is no fresh water, no one can live there.
M：I stand by my original statement because if you have enough of it, you can afford to buy all the other things you need.
(8.A　9.C)
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题。
M：That's strange. I didn't get a straw with my drink.
W：They don't use them anymore here.
M：The famous coffee brand is doing that, too, right?
W：That's correct. By 2023, all plastic straws will be removed from their coffee shops. I'm never going to use a straw again. They end up in our oceans.
M：I know. I've seen pictures of ducks with straws in their throats.
W：⑩I just saw the saddest video. A turtle had a plastic straw stuck in its nose.It makes me feel terrible to think I may have contributed to that.?Scientists believe that by 2050, there will be more plastics in the ocean than fish.
M：Wow!
W：And we throw away 50% of the plastics immediately. It's so silly.
M：So, what should we do?
W：People can switch to steel straws. You can clean them and use them again.
M：That will make a lot of people mad at first.
W：It's better than killing the fish in our oceans. After we eat，?I'll take you to a gift shop where they sell recycled products.It's just around the corner from this restaurant.
M：Great!
(10.B　11.A　12.B)
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16小题。
W：?Good evening, everyone! Our guest is Kevin Olsen. Kevin works on a coast. His job is to rescue whales, fish and sea birds when they get into trouble with pollution. Welcome to the program, Kevin.
M：Glad to be here, thank you.
W：What do you do in your job?
M：I spend a lot of time with sea animals, trying to learn what things they need in the environment. If we know that, we can help them survive in the future.
W：Can you tell us something about the disaster a short time ago?
M：OK.?What happened recently is the oil disaster, the birds had oil on their wings, so they couldn't fly.And they couldn't eat the fish because the fish were covered with oil.
W：?Why did you choose this job? It's tough since you have to work outdoors.
M：Well，?I was always interested in the world of the ocean and how the plants and animals fit together in their system.
W：Thank you for coming and sharing your story with our audience, Kevin.
M：My pleasure.
(13.A　14.A　15.B　16.C)
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20小题。
W：This is “Science in the News”. I'm Barbara Klein. On this program this week, I'll talk about sharks. They are among the oldest animals on Earth.?Sharks are famous for attacking other sea creatures and even people.Yet they have been threatened by human activities. Scientists say sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. Today, there are more than 350 different kinds of sharks. Most sharks are about 2 meters long. ?And the biggest whale shark can grow to a length of 20
meters.Sharks have an extremely good sense of smell. They also sense electrical and magnetic (有磁性的) power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals.?These power senses help them find their food.They eat fish, other sharks, and plants.?Some sharks can be found in very cold areas, but most sharks live in warm waters.Most sharks live in oceans. However, the bull shark leaves ocean waters to enter freshwater rivers and lakes.
(17.C　18.A　19.B　20.A)
【语音技巧】
音的同化
音的同化是英语发音中的一个重要现象。语流中两个邻近的不同的音，其中一个受到另一个的影响而变得跟它相同或相近，叫同化。大致可分为以下三类。
1.因唇形的影响而发生的同化。
/n/、/d/、/t/在双唇音/m/、/b/、/p/前面被同化。如：ten pairs，get me，that boy。
2.因声带的影响而发生的同化。
(1)浊辅音可变为清辅音。如：of course。
(2)清辅音可变为浊辅音。如：like that。
3.因发音部位的影响而发生的同化。
本音
同化音
举例
/s/＋/?/
/ ? /
this shop; nice shoes
/z/＋/ ? /
/ ? /
those sheep; Has she come？
/t/＋/j/
/t ? /
situation; next year
/d/＋/j/
/d?/
graduate; Would you like it？
/s/＋/j/
/ ? /
Don't miss your train.
/z/＋/j/
/?/
as usual; as you know

展开更多......

收起↑