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(共33张PPT)
UNIT 5　LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
(单元主题语境：人与自我——职业和职业规划)
Section Ⅱ　 Learning About Language
复习长句
一、复杂句概述
所谓复杂句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的句子，或是包含多个并列分句或从句的句子。一般来说，造成复杂句的原因有三个方面：(1)修饰语较多较长；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。长句子的理解与一般句子相似，主要包括句法结构、语义逻辑和语篇功能三方面。
二、英语句子的类型
(一)简单句
英语句子的主要成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。
[感知]
1.The team won.
这个队赢了。
2.You can make more Chinese friends.
你可以结交更多的中国朋友。
3.The Spring Festival is a joyous festival.
春节是个令人愉快的节日。
4.Mr.Brown handed him the suitcase.
布朗先生把手提箱交给了他。
5.Rope skipping can make you energetic.
跳绳可以让你精力充沛。
6.There is an age limit.
有年龄限制。
[探究]
1.句1结构是 。
2.句2结构是 。
3.句3结构是 。
4.句4结构是 。
5.句5结构是 。
6.句6结构是 。
主＋谓
主＋谓＋宾
主＋系＋表
主＋谓＋双宾(间接宾语＋直接宾语)
主＋谓＋复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)
there be句型
(二)并列句
由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成并列句。
[感知]
1.Bablu was admitted to a local government school but he refused to go.
巴布鲁被当地一所公立学校录取，但他拒绝去上学。
2.Wear your coat，or you will catch a cold.
穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。
3.I've been learning English for 10 years，and I can express myself fluently.
我已经学了10年英语，可以流利地表达自己的想法。
4.I need to relax myself，so I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents.
我需要放松自己，所以我打算和父母一起去北京旅游。
[探究]
1.句1为 并列句。
2.句2为 并列句。
3.句3为 并列句。
4.句4为 并列句。
转折
选择
联合
因果
(三)复合句
复合句是指包含一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句主要包括名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句)。
[感知]
1.They never care about what happens around.
他们从不关心周围发生了什么。
2.We should be friendly to one another，which is important to enjoying a harmonious life.
我们应该彼此友好，这对于享受和谐生活很重要。
3.They want to present the idea that Peking Opera is not just an art，but a symbol of traditional Chinese culture.
他们想要表达的是，京剧不仅仅是一门艺术，还是中华传统文化的一种象征。
4.What we love most is the time when we admire the moon together.
我们最爱的是一起赏月的时光。
5.He went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight.
他年仅八岁的时候就去了北京的一所钢琴学校。
6.Although we were a little tired，we really had a wonderful time.
虽然我们有点累，但我们真的玩得很开心。
[探究]
1.句1中what引导 。
2.句2中which引导 。
3.句3中that引导 。
4.句4中what引导 ，when引导 。
5.句5中when引导 。
6.句6中Although引导 。
宾语从句
非限制性定语从句
同位语从句
主语从句
定语从句
时间状语从句
让步状语从句
(四)特殊句式
[感知]
1.It is my father's capability and personality that makes him my idol.
正是我父亲的能力和个性使他成为我的偶像。
2.Only if we spare no effort to protect our environment can we enjoy a greener and better life.
我们只有不遗余力地保护我们的环境，才能享受更绿色、更美好的生活。
3.Though (we are) willing to get started，we cannot seem to do the job right.
虽然我们愿意开始，但我们似乎不能把工作做好。
[探究]
1.句1为 句。
2.句2为 句。
3.句3为 句。
强调
倒装
省略
句子过长或者句子复杂通常是因为该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等。但是从根本上来讲，无论句子多么长，都脱离不了基本句式。所以，理解长句的基础是弄清句子的结构层次，这需要熟悉英语的基本句型，在此基础上抓住长句子的主干，即句子的主语和谓语，然后再逐层梳理分析长句中其他成分的层次关系。
[即练]
写出句子类型以及加黑部分所作的句子成分
1.A new review based on a study shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages.
2.In 1916，two girls of wealthy families，best friends from Auburn，N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.
定语从句；定语
简单句；主语
3.That is partly because people are driving more，but Mark Rosekind，the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，said distracted(分心) driving was “only increasing，unfortunately”.
4.With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
5.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.
并列复合句；表语
复合句；定语
复合句；状语
三、长句的常见形式
1.含有较多成分的简单句
(2023·浙江1月卷)Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9 a.m. to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break，followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1 p.m. to 4 p.m.).
分析：本句主干是Campers have a three-hour morning class and a one-hour lunch break；followed by another three-hour class为过去分词短语作状语；“engaging with a morning theme (9 a.m. to 12 noon)”和“engaging with an afternoon theme (1 p.m. to 4 p.m.)” 均为现在分词短语作定语，修饰先行词class。
2.含有多个从句的复合句
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
分析：第一个that引导的表语从句是一个主从复合句，其中when引导的条件状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups。
3.含有插入成分的句子
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
分析：主句主干为The benefits of print reading particularly shine through。when引导时间状语从句，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text为插入语，分别解释simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。
4.含有倒装句、强调句等特殊句式
It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help，but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.
分析：本句是个含有强调句型的复合句，被强调的是时间状语then。第二个that引导宾语从句，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词culture，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不可省略。
一个句子不管有多长、多复杂，只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)；而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分画出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
[即练]
用下划线标出句子的主语和谓语
1. of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter，Sir Henry Raeburn， London.
2.First announced in April，2016， which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100 ml， to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).
3. (无人机) the safety and reliability of railways and，at the same time， railway operators save billions of euros each year
comes to
was introduced
Can
guarantee
help
This exhibition
the tax
a small group of drones
四、长句突破策略
通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构。把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法1：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主语和谓语，即找主干成分
方法2：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
方法3：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
方法4：并列句和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念，而汉语则不同，常常使用若干短句，作层次分明的叙述。因此，在进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解，翻译成汉语的短句。当英语长句内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。
[即练]
翻译下列复杂句
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
翻译：
你将了解到这些参与者的故事，知悉哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的困境。
2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use.
翻译：
在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲活动的必要性等问题，以取代现在大多数人漫无目的地使用电子设备而花费的时间。
3.Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class.
翻译：
课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接来自指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论的笔记，所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
翻译：
这个玻璃温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，在追溯丝绸之路的小径尽头栽种着来自中国西南部的植物，这条小径将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，造就了英国园艺的丰富多彩。
5.Additionally from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home，both of which will be graded.
翻译：
此外，我还会时不时地布置要在课堂上完成的小组作业；或者布置要在家里完成的短期作业。这两种作业都会被评分。
根据汉语提示完成下面短文
1. (听说中国语言协会正在招募一些志愿者迎接即将到来的中国学生)，I am gladly writing to apply for this job.
I'm Li Hua，2. (一个在这里参加中加交换生项
Hearing that Chinese Language Association is recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming Chinese students
a Chinese student engaged in a China-Canadian exchange student program here
目的中国学生).I do believe 3. (我非常符合担任这项志愿工作的条件)，because 4. (我的汉语口语和书面语都很好)，and I once 5. (在中文口语比赛中获得了一等奖) in my motherland.What's more，I also have some experience in doing voluntary work like accompanying school visitors.
that I am very qualified for this voluntary work
I have a good command of both spoken and written Chinese
won first prize in the spoken Chinese contest
Through my voluntary work，I believe，6. (我不仅能够帮助) more Chinese students better know Canada，but I can also broaden my horizons.
Looking forward to your early reply!
not only can I help

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