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猜押专题10 阅读理解之议论文（按话题分类）
本命题依据 2026 新课程标准与高考命题新要求，是高考阅读 D 篇压轴题型，命题完全源自外刊评论 + 社会思辨 + 价值探讨 + 学术观点，选自权威期刊、媒体评论、名家随笔等正规信息源。核心考论点论据 + 逻辑关系 + 态度判断，长难句密集，掌握论证结构与命题套路可突破压轴、稳拿高分。
2023–2025 年高考阅读理解议论文对比表
年份 试卷类型 原文字数 体裁 主题语境 话 题
2025 全国高考一卷 323 议论文 人与自我 文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
2025 全国高考二卷 340 说明文 人与社会 /
2024 新高考 I 卷 354 说明文 人与自我 /
2024 新高考 II 卷 347 说明文 人与社会 /
2023 新高考 I 卷 339 说明文 人与自我 /
2023 新高考 II 卷 351 说明文 人与自然 /
一、高考阅读理解说明文总纲领
核心定位：高考阅读 D 篇，压轴题、重逻辑、态度为王（8–10 分钟 / 篇）。本质：论点 + 论据 + 论证，核心是作者立场与逻辑链条；目标是找准论点、理清论证、判断态度、理性选择。
二、核心命题变化
① 体裁聚焦议论思辨类，以社会评论、观点辩驳、价值倡导、现象分析、文化思辨为主，对比论证、驳论文占比逐年提升；② 强化逻辑论证能力（论点 — 论据 — 结论、因果、对比、假设、驳论），长难句最多，侧重对观点、态度、逻辑、意图的深层理解；③ 话题紧扣社会热点与价值思辨：网络生活、心理健康、教育理念、科技伦理、文化传承、消费观念等，思辨性极强；④ 解题从翻译理解转为抓论点 + 理逻辑 + 辨态度，强调对论证脉络与作者意图的把握；⑤ 题型以推理判断题（40%）+ 细节理解题（30%）+ 情感态度题（15%）+ 主旨大意题（10%）+ 词义猜测题（5%） 为主，深度与精度并重。
三、语篇核心特征
结构逻辑（高考标准论证结构）
① 引论：提出话题 / 问题，亮出中心论点（或引出争议）；② 本论：分层论证 ——正面论据 + 反面论据 + 对比 / 例证 / 因果 / 假设论证；③ 结论：重申论点、给出建议、升华主旨、发出呼吁。常见论证逻辑：提出问题 — 分析问题 — 解决问题、立论 — 驳论 — 结论。
语言特点
① 逻辑性强，以议论、分析、辩驳、评述为主，态度鲜明、立场清晰；② 句式复杂，多重复合句、倒装、强调、非谓语、插入语密集，长难句比例最高；③ 篇幅范围：380–410 词，词汇正式、抽象词与逻辑词较多；④ 价值导向：理性思辨、批判思维、正向价值、人文关怀、社会责任，凸显核心素养。
四、2026 高频猜押话题
科技思辨：AI 伦理、数字沉迷、科技与人文
社会现象：网红文化、碎片化阅读、公共理性
教育成长：自主学习、挫折教育、个性发展
价值观念：理性消费、文化自信、环保责任
生活方式：身心健康、慢生活、社交边界
五大题型专项突破
细节理解题（定位论证细节）
推理判断题（逻辑推导）
作者情感态度题
主旨大意 / 中心论点题
论点论据匹配题
五、通用解题逻辑
① 先速读首尾段 + 各段首句，锁定中心论点与作者立场；② 圈画题干关键词（观点、态度、逻辑词、论据标志），回文定位；③ 识别论证信号词，理清论点与论据的支撑关系；④ 态度题抓褒贬词汇、评述语言，不混淆文中他人观点与作者观点；⑤ 排除偷换论点、论据错位、过度推理、绝对化、张冠李戴（他人观点当作者观点） 干扰项。
六、备考启示
考场实用策略
先找论点，再看论据先抓中心观点，再看例子、数据如何支撑，不本末倒置。
分清 “作者观点” 与 “引述观点”some people believe/it is said that 多为反方观点，非作者立场。
紧抓逻辑连接词however/therefore/while/thus/on the contrary 决定逻辑走向。
绝对词、极端词慎选only/never/all/absolutely/completely 多为错误项。
不主观站队答案必须源于原文逻辑，不加入个人价值判断。
五大题型专项备考策略
细节题：定位论证细节→比对原文→排除信息扭曲
推理题：依论点→循逻辑→合理推断→不延伸、不脑补
态度题：抓褒贬词→辨立场→排除中立 / 无关 / 极端
主旨题：抓中心论点→概括 “话题 + 作者立场”
论据题：判断例子 / 数据目的→证明 / 反驳某一观点
避坑策略
不被长难句击溃：拆分主干，抓主谓宾 + 态度词
不混淆他人与作者观点：明确立场归属，防张冠李戴
不脱离论点读论据：所有例子都是为中心论点服务
不忽略转折：but/however/yet后多为作者真实观点
不以局部代整体：避免用分论点代替中心论点
考点 1：细节理解题
做法步骤：
圈关键词：论点名词、逻辑词、研究结论、作者表述
回文定位：锁定论证细节所在原句
精读原句：提取精准信息，注意范围、程度、立场
比对选项：排除偷换概念、扭曲表述、信息错位
确定答案：与原文完全一致的选项
口诀：关键词定位，精读原句，细节比对，直选答案。
考点 2：推理判断题（逻辑推断）
做法步骤：
定位论点与逻辑链，抓因果 / 对比 / 假设关系
识别逻辑词：therefore, thus, as a result, however
依逻辑推导：原因→结果，现象→本质，条件→结论
坚守原则：基于论点，忠于原文，不绝对、不脑补
排除过度推理、与论点矛盾、无依据选项
口诀：循逻辑，依论点，合理推，不臆断。
考点 3：作者情感态度题
做法步骤：
圈画态度信号词：积极：supportive, favorable, optimistic, approving消极：critical, doubtful, opposed, pessimistic中立：objective, neutral, analytical
区分作者观点与引述他人观点
结合全文论证，判断最终立场
排除无关态度、极端态度、中立错判
口诀：找褒贬，辨立场，分你我，定态度。
考点 4：主旨大意 / 中心论点题
做法步骤：
全文主旨：看首段论点 + 尾段总结
核心结构：话题 + 作者立场 / 观点
排除只讲细节、分论点、范围过大 / 过小选项
套用句型：The author argues that.../The passage mainly discusses...
口诀：看首尾，抓论点，话题加立场，主旨不跑偏。
考点 5：论点论据匹配题
做法步骤：
定位例子 / 数据 / 引言，向前找所证明的观点
判断论证目的：support/oppose/illustrate/explain
匹配论点与论据的对应关系
排除偏离论点、功能错位选项
口诀：找论据，看目的，证观点，必匹配。
Passage 1
河北衡水中学2025-26届高三年级检测（七）
Much like beauty, art is in the eye of the beholder. The artwork we are attracted to can give insight into our personality, such as whether we are too quick or too slow, calm or moody. Studies into art preferences date back to the 1930s — most of them examining the extent to which people like or dislike different paintings. Research shows that a person’s interest in art is more strongly related to certain personality traits (特征) than to social class, age, or gender.
In particular, a personality trait called “openness” is the best predictor of whether individuals are interested in art. On the other side, those who identify as “conscientious (一丝不苟的)”, are often less drawn to the arts. These traits are part of the Big Five, a widely accepted personality theory based on nearly a century of research. The model claims that each personality is composed of a combination of five core traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Rather than stating a person as being either shy or outgoing, the Big Five Model believes that everyone lies somewhere between the two extremes.
Personality traits may also affect the way people visually scan art. A 2018 study tracked participants’ eye movements as they studied abstract artwork. The majority of participants concentrated on the upper-right part. This makes sense, as the right half of the brain is specialized for visual and spatial processing, and also plays a significant role in processing the emotions that art draws out. However, participants who tended toward emotional instability focused on the left side of the picture, and those with mental disease paid more attention to the bottom of the picture.
However, current research on personality and art still has clear limitations, reminding us that people’s preferences for art are as complicated as art itself. But if you’re looking for a quick test of someone’s general personality traits, it doesn’t hurt to look at what’s hanging on their walls.
12. What is the strongest factor in determining a person’s interest in art
A. Age and gender. B. Personality characteristics.
C. Social class. D. Educational background.
13. What can we learn about the Big Five Model
A. It can explain why our art taste changes.
B. It is well-supported by artists worldwide.
C. Everyone can fit into one of the five types.
D. It is a universally-recognized measuring model.
14. According to the passage, a person focusing on the upper-right part of a painting is probably ______.
A. moody B. unconcerned C. perceptive D. warlike
15. What is the best title of this passage
A. How to discover your art preference B. Why is art appealing to many people
C. How to reveal one’s personality traits D. What does your taste in art say about you
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了艺术偏好与人格特质之间的关系，介绍了影响人们艺术兴趣的关键因素、人格特质对艺术视觉浏览方式的影响以及相关研究的局限性。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Research shows that a person’s interest in art is more strongly related to certain personality traits (特征) than to social class, age, or gender.(研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与其某些个性特征的关系比与社会阶层、年龄或性别的关系更密切。)”可知，决定一个人对艺术兴趣的最强因素是个性特征。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These traits are part of the Big Five, a widely accepted personality theory based on nearly a century of research.(这些特征是“大五人格”的一部分，“大五人格”是一种被广泛接受的人格理论，基于近一个世纪的研究。)”可知，“大五人格”模型是一个被普遍认可的测量模型。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The majority of participants concentrated on the upper-right part. This makes sense, as the right half of the brain is specialized for visual and spatial processing, and also plays a significant role in processing the emotions that art draws out.(大多数参与者集中在右上角。这是有道理的，因为大脑的右半球专门负责视觉和空间处理，也在处理艺术所引发的情感方面发挥着重要作用。)”可推知，关注右上部与右脑功能相关，右脑通常与感知力（perceptive）、情感处理相关。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中的“The artwork we are attracted to can give insight into our personality, such as whether we are too quick or too slow, calm or moody.(我们被吸引的艺术作品可以洞察我们的个性，比如我们是太快还是太慢，冷静还是情绪化。)”可知，文章开篇点明艺术偏好能反映人格，并且在文章最后一段最后一句“But if you’re looking for a quick test of someone’s general personality traits, it doesn’t hurt to look at what’s hanging on their walls.(但如果你想快速了解某人的大致人格特质，看看他们墙上挂的东西也无妨。)”提到艺术偏好可作为人格测试的参考。可知，文章主要探讨了艺术偏好与个性特征之间的关系，指出我们被吸引的艺术作品可以洞察我们的个性，所以D项（你的艺术品味说明了你什么？）概括了艺术品味与人格的关系。是文章最佳标题。故选D项。
Passage2
吉林省松原市实验高级中学2025-2026学年高三下学期学情调研
Rejection hurts. Whether in a professional, social or romantic setting, there’s a particularly sharp pain to the discovery that one has been judged undesirable in some way.
If you’ve ever experienced real rejection — and that’d be most of us — it may stand out in your mind long, like a large rock stuck in your memory. The late scientist Helen Fisher, who studied human behavior, showed that rejection and physical injury have much in common. She said MRI scans of participants’ brains revealed areas linked to suffering and physical pain were more active. Time did reduce the pain response for Fisher’s participants, but for some people rejection can last for months or years. Social psychologist Naomi Eisenberger did similar experiments too.
Why does rejection hit so hard The realization that one has been socially excluded brings about a sudden cold feeling, like being cast out from a Palaeolithic campsite and left at the mercy of wild animals. To be cast out from the warmth of the shared fire could have meant death for our ancient ancestors — so it was something to be avoided at all costs. While the rejected of modern Britain won’t usually have to contend with the dangers that social rejects of 30,000 years ago faced, the urge to seek shelter in the company of others is strong and lasting.
For 21st-century people though, shying away from rejection may do more harm than good. In fact, strong negative emotional reactions to rejection often cause more damage than the rejection itself. To live satisfying lives and know what we enjoy and are good at, we must be prepared to try things — and to fail at them. If you make avoiding rejection your priority, you’ll become more unwilling to take risks, with a much narrower social world. What if, rather than hiding from rejection, we attempted to accept it What if instead of being knocked back by the wave, we tried to ride it Not only is it possible to overcome the fear of rejection, but doing so can bring about unexpected positive results.
28. How does the author present the issue in the second paragraph
A. By defining a concept. B. By citing relevant studies.
C. By doing experiments. D. By making a comparison.
29. What do the underlined words “contend with” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Avoid. B. Report. C. Handle. D. Question.
30. What effect does the fear of rejection have
A. Spreading negative emotions to others. B. Running away from our comfort zone.
C. Restricting our social circle eventually. D. Remembering the damage already done.
31. What will the author continue to discuss
A. The benefits of accepting rejection. B. The significance of assessing fear.
C. The results of human brain scans. D. The chance of encountering rejection.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍被拒绝带来的心理影响、深层原因，以及逃避拒绝的危害，并提出应学会接受拒绝。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The late scientist Helen Fisher, who studied human behavior, showed that rejection and physical injury have much in common.(已故科学家海伦·费舍尔研究人类行为，发现被拒绝和身体受伤有很多共同之处。)”以及“Social psychologist Naomi Eisenberger did similar experiments too.(社会心理学家娜奥米·艾森伯格也做了类似的实验。)”可知，作者通过引用相关研究呈现问题。故选B项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“While the rejected of modern Britain won’t usually have to contend with the dangers that social rejects of 30,000 years ago faced, the urge to seek shelter in the company of others is strong and lasting.(虽然现代英国被拒绝的人通常不必contend with三万年前被社会排斥者所面临的危险，但在他人陪伴中寻求庇护的渴望强烈而持久。)”可知，句子将现代人与远古祖先对比，远古被排斥者要面对生存危险，现代人无需面对、处理这类危险，由此可推知contend with意为“应对、处理”。故选C项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If you make avoiding rejection your priority, you’ll become more unwilling to take risks, with a much narrower social world.(如果你把避免被拒绝当作首要任务，你会变得更不愿意冒险，社交圈子也会变得狭窄得多。)”可知，害怕被拒绝最终会限制我们的社交圈。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Not only is it possible to overcome the fear of rejection, but doing so can bring about unexpected positive results.(克服对被拒绝的恐惧不仅是可能的，而且这样做还能带来意想不到的积极结果。)”可知，作者指出克服被拒绝的恐惧不仅能实现，还能带来意想不到的积极结果，根据行文逻辑可推知，文章接下来最有可能继续讨论接受被拒绝所带来的具体好处。故选A项。
Passage3
2026届江苏苏州市七校联考模拟预测
Forgetting things is a blessing, believe it or not. For proof, imagine a world where every detail you ever came across was carved indelibly in your mind. Every conversation you regret, every rejection you’ve ever felt, every time you stepped out with your zipper undone stands as clearly in your mind as what you had for breakfast last week as well as the moments that bring you the greatest joy. That is a world of utter chaos and suffering.
We don’t need to stick to just our armchair-philosophizing, however. Thanks to the wonderful combinatory magic genetics pulls off at each birth, we’ve had a few individuals on Earth who are unable to forget anything. Solomon Shereshevsky, for instance, could memorize lists of arbitrary (任意的) numbers, words, and nonsense syllables with perfect recall, even decades later. At first glance, this sounds like a superpower. But Shereshevsky described it as exhausting, distracting, and emotionally unbearable.
What most miss about forgetting is that it is not a design flaw (缺陷). It’s a feature. In fact, the ability to forget is fundamental to learning. It’s what gives us focus, highlights the signal through the noise, and lets the brain determine what matters most given the context we are in.
Research suggests that forgetting is an active process involving brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which help us manage the inflow and outflow of information. Forgetting is not our memory failing on us as much as it is our memory being better used.
And here is where we meet the concept of the forgetting curve (曲线). First described by Hermann Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century, the forgetting curve tracks how quickly we lose information over time without reinforcement (巩固). Within hours of learning something new, we begin to forget it. Rapidly at first, then more slowly over time. The key insight of those who have followed Ebbinghaus is that this curve is not fixed. On the contrary, it’s something we can reshape, a feature we can tune ourselves.
8. What does the underlined word “indelibly” in the first paragraph mean
A. Permanently. B. Violently. C. Chaotically. D. Effortlessly.
9. What did Shereshevsky think of his ability
A. A design flaw. B. A real blessing. C. A mental burden. D. A rare talent.
10. How does forgetting contribute to learning
A. It prevents the flow of information.
B. It pushes people to review regularly.
C. It activates brain regions responsible for learning.
D. It allows the brain to prioritize important information.
11. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A. Keep learning new things. B. Intervene in the forgetting process.
C. Accept forgetting as a natural part of life. D. Explore a fixed pattern of the forgetting curve.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过科学事实、案例分析和逻辑推理，论证了“遗忘是大脑的重要功能”这一观点，并鼓励读者正确看待遗忘现象并对其加以利用。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Forgetting things is a blessing, believe it or not.(别不信，遗忘事物其实是一种福气)”提到能够遗忘是一件幸事，划线词所在句子以及下文是提供支撑性证据，论证“遗忘是一件幸事”这一观点；结合下文“Every conversation you regret, every rejection you’ve ever felt, every time you stepped out with your zipper undone stands as clearly in your mind as what you had for breakfast last week as well as the moments that bring you the greatest joy. That is a world of utter chaos and suffering.(每一次让你懊悔的交谈，每一次你所经历的被拒绝的时刻，每一次你未系好拉链就出门的举动，都清晰地印刻在你的脑海中，就如同你上周早餐吃了什么一样，也包括那些给你带来最大快乐的时刻。那是一个充满混乱与痛苦的世界)”可知，此处是作者让读者想象一个所有遇到的细节都无法遗忘的世界、一切都永远被刻在脑海里的世界，那将是充满混乱和痛苦的世界。故划线词indelibly意思是“永久地”。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At first glance, this sounds like a superpower. But Shereshevsky described it as exhausting, distracting, and emotionally unbearable.(乍一看，这听起来像是某种超能力。但舍雷舍夫斯基却称其令人精疲力竭、分心不已，而且情绪上难以承受)”可知，谢雷舍夫斯基认为他的能力是一种精神负担。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s what gives us focus, highlights the signal through the noise, and lets the brain determine what matters most given the context we are in.(正是它让我们能够集中注意力，帮助我们从杂乱的信息中提取出关键信息，并让大脑根据我们所处的环境来确定哪些才是最重要的)”可知，遗忘能让大脑优先处理重要的信息。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“On the contrary, it’s something we can reshape, a feature we can tune ourselves.(相反，这并非是无法改变的固定状态，而是我们能够加以调整、能够自行塑造的特性)”可知，作者建议读者参与遗忘过程。故选B项。
Passage4
山东名校联盟2026届高三下学期2月份核心素养评估考试
Horror fans have been painted with the same broad and bloody brush for decades: labelled as cold, unfeeling thrill-seekers who delight in others’ suffering. Film critics have described the fans and creators of films like Friday the 13th and Saw as “very sick people”. But I argue that these assumptions are all wrong.
The misconceptions about horror fans were seemingly supported by evidence presented in an analysis from 2007. But the analysis is only as strong as the studies it summarizes. In this case, they had poorly defined variables. For example, the two studies with the strongest association with low empathy examined participant enjoyment of torture and short clips that concluded with cruel murders and no satisfactory resolution. These measures probably won’t tell you much about horror fans. The authors of the analysis admitted deep in the discussion section that the link between empathy and enjoyment of horror disappeared when those studies were removed.
In 2024, I published a set of studies that directly addressed the question of horror fandom and empathy. The results were striking. Using standardised assessments, horror fans scored higher on empathy and compassion.
When my colleagues and I examined the motivations of horror fans at frightening attractions, we found that “adrenaline junkies” represent only one subset. We also found a group we called “dark copers”, who use horror to process difficult emotions. Another group, “white knucklers,” confront fear to learn about themselves. The three-type model reveals that many fans aren’t just motivated by adrenaline (肾上腺素). But there is one common trait among them.
My research has identified morbid curiosity (猎奇) as the most powerful predictor of horror fandom. It is this tendency to seek out information about threatening or death-related phenomena that drives a fascination with horror media. Studies show that people with higher levels of this curiosity demonstrate better preparedness for real crises and show increased resilience during stressful life events.
The evidence paints a picture of horror fans being empathetic, curious and psychologically complicated. Horror is a proof to human adaptability and our remarkable capacity to find meaning, connection and even growth in the face of our deepest fears.
8. What is a conventional wisdom about horror fans
A. They lack empathy. B. They tend to fall sick.
C. They desire comfort. D. They seek uniqueness.
9. What is the limitation of previous studies
A. They ignore the essence of humanity.
B. The variables’ definition is indefinite.
C. They rely much on participants’ feelings.
D. The incomplete discussion is misleading.
10. Why is the three-type model mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To introduce types of horror fans.
B. To show motivations of horror fans.
C. To group fans based on their emotions.
D. To compare different levels of curiosity.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards horrors
A. He doubted them. B. He dismissed them.
C. He approved of them. D. He brushed them aside.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了恐怖片粉丝的刻板印象，指出他们并非冷漠无情，而是具有同理心和好奇心，并通过研究揭示了恐怖片粉丝的多样动机和心理复杂性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Horror fans have been painted with the same broad and bloody brush for decades: labelled as cold, unfeeling thrill-seekers who delight in others’ suffering.(几十年来，恐怖片粉丝一直被用同样宽泛且血腥的笔触描绘：他们被贴上冷漠、无情的寻求刺激者的标签，以他人的痛苦为乐)”可知，传统观念认为恐怖片粉丝缺乏同理心。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The misconceptions about horror fans were seemingly supported by evidence presented in an analysis from 2007. But the analysis is only as strong as the studies it summarizes. In this case, they had poorly defined variables. For example, the two studies with the strongest association with low empathy examined participant enjoyment of torture and short clips that concluded with cruel murders and no satisfactory resolution. These measures probably won’t tell you much about horror fans. The authors of the analysis admitted deep in the discussion section that the link between empathy and enjoyment of horror disappeared when those studies were removed.(关于恐怖片爱好者的误解，看似得到了2007年一项分析研究的支持。然而，这类分析的可靠性完全取决于其所总结的具体研究质量。就此次分析而言，研究中变量的界定存在明显缺陷。例如，其中两项最能体现“低共情”关联性的研究，测量的是参与者对酷刑情节的接受度，以及观看以残忍谋杀收尾且毫无圆满结局的短片时的反应。这类测量指标恐怕难以真实反映恐怖片爱好者的特征。该分析报告的作者在讨论部分的末尾也承认，一旦剔除这两项研究，共情能力与恐怖片喜爱度之间的关联便不复存在)”可知，先前研究的局限性在于变量的界定存在明显缺陷，即变量的定义不明确。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“When my colleagues and I examined the motivations of horror fans at frightening attractions, we found that “adrenaline junkies” represent only one subset. We also found a group we called “dark copers”, who use horror to process difficult emotions. Another group, “white knucklers,” confront fear to learn about themselves. The three-type model reveals that many fans aren’t just motivated by adrenaline (肾上腺素).(当我和同事们研究恐怖景点中恐怖片粉丝的动机时，我们发现“寻求刺激者”只是其中的一个子集。我们还发现了一群我们称之为“黑暗应对者”的人，他们利用恐怖来处理困难的情绪。另一群人，“硬着头皮面对者”，则通过面对恐惧来了解自己。这三种类型模式表明，许多粉丝的动机不仅仅是肾上腺素)”可知，第四段提到三种类型模式是为了展示恐怖片粉丝的不同动机。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The evidence paints a picture of horror fans being empathetic, curious and psychologically complicated. Horror is a proof to human adaptability and our remarkable capacity to find meaning, connection and even growth in the face of our deepest fears.(这些证据描绘出恐怖片粉丝富有同理心、充满好奇心且心理复杂形象。恐怖证明了人类的适应能力，以及我们在面对最深的恐惧时寻找意义、联系甚至成长的不凡能力)”可知，作者对恐怖片持认可态度。故选C项。
Passage 5
2026届福建普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟测试（六）下学期高三
The privacy screen is an accessory for phones and laptops designed to significantly darken or totally obscure their surfaces to wandering eyes. At a time when it has become normal to assume a level of comprehensive monitoring in public places — not just by security cameras, but by our fellow travelers — the screen protectors have become a common sight.
This creates a central contradiction: We are forking over tons of data and personal information to tech companies every time we download an application or search online. Yet somehow the stuff we want to keep the person sitting next to us from seeing — our messages or the algorithm-driven content that ends up on our feeds — has become a focus of some people’s privacy concerns. Is it performative A grasp for a comforting, yet false, sense of control Both Psychologists refer to this mismatch as the “privacy paradox”.
Dennis Stolle, the senior director of American Psychology Association’s Office of Applied Psychology. said the privacy screen was an example of people acting on their value for privacy in a situation where they know they can immediately and perceptibly control the space around them. “You can put that privacy screen over your laptop or your phone and feel a sense of accomplishment,” he said. “Even though in the big picture that may be the least of your worries, it still is somehow psychologically satisfying to do something to protect the value that you hold of the importance of privacy rather than doing nothing at all.”
The screen protectors can offer a thin layer of privacy — but they may be only that, a thin layer. “I like the sense of security it gives me, but it doesn’t compare with how my personal data is being used online without my permission. It’s always like a give and take with privacy,” said Mr Punater, a 23-year-old computer science major at the University of Southern California. “What you choose to give up right now is out of your hands.”
12. Which can replace the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 1
A. Hide. B. Update. C. Repair. D. Polish.
13. Which of the following best explains the “privacy paradox”
A. We would rather read privacy policies than accept presets.
B. We tend to trust information online but reject it in reality.
C. We keep using screen protectors despite their minimal effect.
D. We trade personal data for benefits despite being privacy-focused.
14. What’s the benefit of using privacy screens according to Stolle
A. Addressing concerns about privacy leaks.
B. Improving screen visibility in bright light.
C. Increasing work efficiency and productivity.
D. Giving a sense of psychological satisfaction.
15 What can be inferred from Punater’s words
A. Ignoring online security endangers privacy.
B. Screen protectors are too thin to be effective.
C. Individuals have little control over their data.
D. People should actively manage their personal data.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了隐私屏虽能提供一定隐私保护，但存在“隐私悖论”，人们对隐私保护有复杂心理且对个人数据控制有限。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“The privacy screen is an accessory for phones and laptops designed to significantly darken or totally obscure their surfaces to wandering eyes.(隐私屏是手机和笔记本电脑的一种配件，旨在显著调暗或完全obscure它们的表面，使其不被旁人窥视)”可知，这里说隐私屏能让手机和笔记本电脑表面不被旁人看到，“obscure”意思是“隐藏”，与“Hide”意思相近。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“We are forking over tons of data and personal information to tech companies every time we download an application or search online. Yet somehow the stuff we want to keep the person sitting next to us from seeing — our messages or the algorithm-driven content that ends up on our feeds — has become a focus of some people’s privacy concerns.(每次我们下载应用程序或在线搜索时，都会向科技公司提供大量数据和个人信息。然而，不知何故，我们想不让坐在旁边的人看到的东西——我们的信息或算法驱动的最终出现在我们动态中的内容——已经成为一些人隐私关注的焦点)”以及“Psychologists refer to this mismatch as the “privacy paradox”.(心理学家将这种不匹配称为“隐私悖论”)”可知，“隐私悖论”指的是尽管人们关注隐私，但还是为了利益而交换个人数据。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““You can put that privacy screen over your laptop or your phone and feel a sense of accomplishment,” he said. “Even though in the big picture that may be the least of your worries, it still is somehow psychologically satisfying to do something to protect the value that you hold of the importance of privacy rather than doing nothing at all.”(“你可以把隐私屏放在笔记本电脑或手机上，会有一种成就感，”他说。“尽管从大局来看，这可能是你最不用担心的事情，但做一些事情来保护你所重视的隐私价值，而不是什么都不做，这在心理上仍然是令人满足的。”)”可知，根据Stolle所说，使用隐私屏的好处是能给人一种心理上的满足感。故选D。
15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““What you choose to give up right now is out of your hands.”(“你现在选择放弃什么，不是你能决定的。”)”可推断，Punater的话表明个人对自己的数据几乎没有控制权。故选C。
Passage6
2026届浙江省宁波市镇海区镇海中学高三首考模拟考试
When my beautiful firstborn turned one, about 70 people came to the pub to celebrate. There were drinks, meals, and singing. They were celebrating me. But since then, his birthdays have become about him and his friends and the quality of the event has gone downhill quickly.
My kid’s demands of his own parties have become louder. The days of a cake with a single candle in it have long gone. Now a theme must be followed, his interests reflected, his wishes regarding the guest list heard.
And so, I do my bit: putting out sugary treats, frantically cleaning, worrying nobody will come, getting stressed when they do.
When the time comes, and his friends arrive at the party, the chaos begins. What chance do the little ones have to learn social graces when their role models are stuck making awkward conversations with other parents they barely know and shout “Oi!” mid-sentence to break up a dispute or get their kids out of a tree
In these moments, I dream of a promised land, where the kid can be dropped off at a party and I can spend the time quietly meditating or scrolling my phone. I have not yet arrived there but other parents tell me it exists, and it sounds like paradise.
Despite my inability to gracefully host a birthday party, the fact that my kid has lived another year is a triumph. He grows, he changes, he asks questions, he goes to school, he has parts of his life that I am not a part of. It’s scary and it should be celebrated.
As society becomes increasingly isolated and screen-focused, kids’ parties can be part of the cure. They build real-world relationships and our kids’ friends at these ages could be part of our lives forever. Every connection is a new or potential friend. What could be more social than celebrating life’s mundane milestones
After all, the worst part of a party is not being invited.
4. Why does the author describe her own party-hosting efforts
A. To introduce a solution to the party chaos.
B. To convey a sense of personal burden and anxiety.
C. To argue that such efforts are ultimately unnecessary.
D. To highlight the author’s exceptional skills and enjoyment.
5. What does the author imply about parents’ behavior at children’s parties
A. They effectively manage all conflicts.
B. They set good examples for children.
C. They enjoy meaningful conversations.
D. Their social interactions are often forced.
6. What does “the promised land” refer to in paragraph 5
A. A perfect party venue for kids.
B. A real community event space.
C. A future stage of no restrictions.
D. An ideal party carefree for parents.
7. How does the author feel about the current trend of children’s birthday parties
A. Wholly enthusiastic. B. Partly appreciative.
C. Largely indifferent. D. Completely opposed.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在为孩子举办生日派对时的经历和感受，从最初的热闹到后来的混乱，以及作者对理想中派对的憧憬，同时探讨了孩子派对在当下社会中的意义。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And so, I do my bit: putting out sugary treats, frantically cleaning, worrying nobody will come, getting stressed when they do.(于是，我也尽我所能：摆放甜食，疯狂打扫，担心没人来，等人来了又感到紧张。)”可知，作者描述自己为派对所做的努力，如准备甜食、疯狂打扫、担心没人来以及人们来了之后感到紧张等，这些都传达了作者个人在举办派对时所承受的负担和焦虑。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“What chance do the little ones have to learn social graces when their role models are stuck making awkward conversations with other parents they barely know and shout “Oi!” mid-sentence to break up a dispute or get their kids out of a tree (当孩子们的榜样被困在与他们几乎不认识的其他父母进行尴尬的对话，并在句子中间大喊“喂！”以解决争端或把他们的孩子从树上救下来时，这些小家伙们有什么机会学习社交礼仪呢？)”可知，孩子们的榜样被困在与他们几乎不认识的其他父母进行尴尬的对话中，孩子们没有机会学习社交礼仪，可推理出作者暗示父母在孩子们的派对上的社交互动往往是勉强的、不自然的，他们并没有为孩子们树立良好的社交榜样。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第五段划线词下文“where the kid can be dropped off at a party and I can spend the time quietly meditating or scrolling my phone.(孩子可以被送到派对上，而我可以花时间静静地冥想或刷手机。)”可知，下文提到了孩子可以被送到派对上，而“我”可以花时间静静地冥想或刷手机，这是一个理想中的、让父母无忧无虑的派对场景，不用担心派对上的混乱和孩子的安全等问题，可推理出作者梦想着“一片乐土”，划线词的含义为“乐土”。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Despite my inability to gracefully host a birthday party, the fact that my kid has lived another year is a triumph. He grows, he changes, he asks questions, he goes to school, he has parts of his life that I am not a part of. It’s scary and it should be celebrated (尽管我无法优雅地举办生日派对，但我的孩子又活了一年这一事实是一种胜利。他成长，他变化，他提问，他上学，他的生活中有一些部分是我没有参与的。这很可怕，但也应该庆祝。)”以及倒数第二段“As society becomes increasingly isolated and screen-focused, kids’ parties can be part of the cure. They build real-world relationships and our kids’ friends at these ages could be part of our lives forever. Every connection is a new or potential friend. What could be more social than celebrating life’s mundane milestones (随着社会变得越来越孤立和以屏幕为中心，孩子们的派对可以成为治愈的一部分。他们建立现实世界的关系，我们孩子在这个年龄的朋友可能永远是我们生活的一部分。每一个联系都是一个新朋友或潜在的朋友。还有什么比庆祝生活中的平凡里程碑更有社交意义的呢？)”可知，作者虽然觉得自己无法优雅地举办生日派对，但认为孩子又活了一年是一件值得庆祝的事情，同时认为孩子们的派对在当下社会中具有重要意义，可以帮助建立现实世界的关系，因此作者对当前孩子们生日派对的趋势是部分欣赏的。故选B项。
Passage 7
2025东城期末
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline
C. humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C
核心主题
AI时代存在双重风险，除了AI偏离人类编程目标，更危险的是AI精准执行人类需求时，因人类利益的排他性对其他有知觉生物造成伤害，进而提出“感知对齐”的解决方案。
段落结构
引出话题：AI焦虑的常见视角是AI偏离目标，转折提出核心风险——AI按人类意愿行事。
铺垫矛盾：“人类需求”并非统一整体，甚至常以牺牲其他有知觉生物为代价。
质疑现有方案：DeepMind成立AI安全组织，但“坏”的定义由少数人决定，存在偏见与局限。
例证危害：美国数十亿动物遭受残忍对待，AI会让这种残忍更高效、大规模地发生。
提出解决方案：“感知对齐”即AI需兼顾人类、其他动物及潜在感知AI等所有有知觉生物的利益。
引用支持：哲学家Peter Singer认为AI的终极善意目标比“对齐人类”更重要。
总结立场：支持“去人类中心主义”，这是避免现有偏见扩散的必要选择。
题目答案及解析
31. 答案：A。解析：作者提到DeepMind的组织，并非肯定其作用，而是指出“由少数人定义‘坏’”的局限性，本质是质疑该解决方案，而非澄清信念、举例说明或解释做法。
32. 答案：D。解析：“感知对齐”的核心是“AI符合所有有知觉生物的利益”，“满足有感知生物的需求”精准对应这一概念，其他选项均与定义无关。
33. 答案：B。解析：结合上下文，Singer强调AI需“benevolent”并“创造更美好世界”，该词应译为“仁慈的、慷慨的”，与Generous含义一致。
34. 答案：C。解析：作者核心担忧是人类优先自身需求，这种自私会被AI放大，伤害其他有知觉生物，其他选项均非核心担忧。
Passage 8
2025西城期末
In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated (未经监管的) food additives and raised public awareness about the importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that companies in the U. S. began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes, cans, and bags that lined grocery store shelves.
Fast-forward to today, and it’s hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label
A study we conducted, published today in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that individuals with poorer mental health tended to seek out more negative and frightening content online. This, in turn, worsened their symptoms, creating a destructive cycle. To break this cycle, we introduced content labels that provided users with emotional “nutrition information” about the websites they were about to visit. Would this webpage make you feel better or worse Was it full of negativity, or was it likely to brighten your mood When users were shown these labels on the search engine results page, they were far less likely to click on negative content. As a result, this led to improved mood after browsing (浏览).
However, it’s important to note that you wouldn’t want people to make decisions solely based on the emotional tone of a website. Staying informed about the world — despite the potential for sadness or anxiety — is often essential. To address this, we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website’s emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability of the information to enhance understanding. These scores, displayed on the search engine results page, are calculated using a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) trained on thousands of human assessments.
Anne-Linda Camerini, a researcher specializing in digital media and mental health, pointed out that while much of the focus on mental health and technology has been on limiting screen time, the type of content we consume is just as critical. This shift could transform the conversation around mental health and technology. Instead of framing the Internet as inherently harmful, content labels offer a way to create a healthier digital experience. Just as nutrition labels empower people to make better food choices, content labels could enable users to make smarter, healthier decisions online.
32. What does the author intend to do by mentioning Harvey’s studies
A. Make a comparison. B. Illustrate a point.
C. Suggest an alternative. D. Challenge an assumption.
33. According to the passage, how do content labels aim to create a healthier digital experience
A. By encouraging users to avoid the Internet altogether.
B. By showing emotional tone and website usefulness.
C. By training users to spend less time online.
D. By restricting access to negative content.
34. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To stress the necessity of categorizing webpages.
B To suggest new solutions to mental health problems.
C. To criticize social media sites for spreading negativity.
D. To highlight the importance of regulating online content.
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A
核心主题
类比食品标签，提出“网络内容情感标签”方案，解决“负面内容→心理健康恶化”的恶性循环，同时兼顾内容的实用性与信息价值。
段落结构
类比铺垫：Harvey的食品添加剂研究推动食品标签普及，转折提出疑问——网络内容为何没有“情感营养标签”？
研究发现：心理健康较差者易沉迷负面内容，形成恶性循环；情感标签能减少负面内容点击，改善浏览情绪。
优化方案：标签需同时包含“情感基调”与“实用性/帮助性/理解度评分”，避免单纯排斥负面信息。
专家观点：数字媒体专家指出，内容类型对心理健康的影响不亚于屏幕时间，标签能打造更健康的数字体验。
总结：内容标签如营养标签，赋能用户做出更明智的网络选择。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated (未经监管) food additives and raised public awareness about the importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that companies in the U. S. began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes, cans, and bags that lined grocery store shelves.(20世纪初，一位名叫Harvey W. Wiley的美国化学家领导了著名的“毒药小队”实验。他的研究揭示了不受管制的食品添加剂的危险，并提高了公众对了解他们所食用的食品中含有什么的重要性的认识。然而，直到近90年后，美国的公司才开始披露杂货店货架上的盒子、罐子和袋子里的成分)”以及第二段“Fast-forward to today, and it’s hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label (快进到今天，很难想象在超市里看不到这些标签。然而，当我们上网时——我们生活中另一个重要的市场，我们经常吸收大量的数字信息，却不了解其情感或精神上的“营养价值”。但是如果每个网页都有一个内容标签呢？)”可知，作者提到哈维的研究是为了说明论点。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, it’s important to note that you wouldn’t want people to make decisions solely based on the emotional tone of a website. Staying informed about the world — despite the potential for sadness or anxiety — is often essential. To address this, we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website’s emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability of the information to enhance understanding.(然而，重要的是要注意，你不希望人们仅仅根据网站的情感基调来做决定。保持对世界的了解——尽管可能会感到悲伤或焦虑——通常是必不可少的。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个插件，它不仅可以为用户提供关于网站情感基调的标签，还可以为用户提供分数，表明信息的实用性、有用性和能力，以增强他们的理解)”可知，内容标签通过展示情感基调和网站有用性创造更健康的数字体验。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label (然而，当我们上网时——我们生活中另一个重要的市场，我们经常吸收大量的数字信息，却不了解其情感或精神上的“营养价值”。但是如果每个网页都有一个内容标签呢？)”结合文章主要说明了网站内容标签的作用以及重要性。可知，这篇文章的目的是强调网页分类的必要性。故选A。
Passage 9
2025朝阳期末
Pure mathematics fascinates me, precisely because it is so inaccessible. I envision it as a remote, chilly, dangerous place, like Antarctica’s Sentinel Range. The hard y souls who surmount its peaks seem superhuman.
Perhaps because I romanticize mathematicians, I’m troubled by the thought that machines might replace them. I stated this possibility in The Death of Proof, published in the October 1993 Scientific American. In response to the growing complexity of mathematics, I reported, mathematicians were becoming increasingly reliant on computers. I asked, “Will the great mathematicians of the next century be made of silicon (硅) ”
Mathematicians are still annoyed about that article, even as the trends I described have continued. Anthony Bordg at Cambridge University worries that his field could face a “replication crisis” (复制危机) like that troubling scientific research. Mathematicians, Bordg notes, sometimes accept a proof not because they have checked it, step by step, but because they trust the proof’s methods and author. Given the “increasing difficulty in checking the correctness of mathematical arguments”, old-fashioned peer review may no longer be sufficient. Outstanding mathematicians have published “proofs” so novel and elaborate that even specialists in the relevant mathematics can’t validate them. Bordg suggests computerized “proof assistants ” will help confirm proofs. Researchers have already invented an “interactive theorem prover (交互式定理证明程序)” that can check proofs and even propose improvements.
Some mathematicians welcome the digitization of mathematics for accuracy. Others are conflicted. Michael Harris sees mathematics as “a free, creative activity” pursued for its own sake, for the pure joy of discovery and insight. He worries such tools will encourage a “limited vision” of mathematics as an economic product rather than “a way of being human”. After all, many funders of mathematical research, including technology giants, value mathematics primarily for its applications.
We value science for applications, too. Sentimental science writing, including mine, implies that science’s purpose is insight into nature. In the modern era, however, science’s primary goal is power. Science helps us control nature for various ends: to enrich and entertain, to boost economy, and to defeat enemies. Modern physics, to most of us, is incomprehensible, but who cares when physics gives us smartphones and hydrogen bombs
Physicists often adopt a utilitarian (实用主义的) mindset, exemplified by the slogan “Shut up and calculate!” That is what professors supposedly tell students stuck in quantum mechanics. Stephen Hawking and Martin Rees have predicted artificial intelligence will play an increasing role in physics. Wouldn’t it be funny if a quantum AI finds the long-sought unified theory of physics, but not even brilliant theorist Edward Witten understands it
Given the powerful forces behind automatization if machines can replace mathematicians, they probably will, just as they are replacing drivers, bank tellers, travel agents, cashiers and other workers. Mathematicians’ wishes, such as their desire to pursue truth purely for its own sake, might be unlikely. The charm of math can hardly be preserved in face of the powerful forces behind automatization.
32. “Replication crisis” is mentioned to _________.
A. reduce a particular concern B. justify the use of digital assistants
C. question the role of authority in math D. highlight the potential threat of machines
33. Advocates of utilitarianism in science would probably agree that _________.
A. insight into nature is a priority B. automatization is a major trend
C. quantum AI remains a fantasy D. power is an approach to digitization
34. What can be learned from this passage
A. Utilitarian mindset pushes physics forward.
B. Quantum mechanics unifies theories of physics.
C. The humanity of mathematics is hard to maintain.
D. Leading mathematicians’ proofs are beyond understanding.
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C
核心主题
纯数学的数字化趋势引发争议，机器（证明辅助工具）可能取代人类数学家，而数学的“人文性”（创造性、纯粹探索欲）面临实用主义的冲击。
段落结构
个人情感：作者对纯数学的浪漫化想象，视数学家为“超人”。
核心担忧：机器可能取代数学家，呼应1993年《证明的死亡》中的预测。
现实问题：数学证明日益复杂，传统同行评审失效，面临“复制危机”，数字辅助工具应运而生。
数学家分歧：部分人认可数字化的准确性，部分人担忧其将数学简化为“经济产品”，丧失人文性。
延伸对比：科学的实用主义趋势，暗示数学可能重蹈覆辙。
预测结论：自动化力量强大，机器大概率取代数学家，数学的魅力难以维系。
题目答案及解析
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Anthony Bordg at Cambridge University worries that his field could face a “replication crisis” (复制危机) like that troubling scientific research. Mathematicians, Bordg notes, sometimes accept a proof not because they have checked it, step by step, but because they trust the proof’s methods and author. Given the “increasing difficulty in checking the correctness of mathematical arguments”, old-fashioned peer review may no longer be sufficient. Outstanding mathematicians have published “proofs” so novel and elaborate that even specialists in the relevant mathematics can’t validate them. Bordg suggests computerized “proof assistants ” will help confirm proofs. Researchers have already invented an “interactive theorem prover (交互式定理证明程序)” that can check proofs and even propose improvements.(剑桥大学的Anthony Bordg担心，他的研究领域可能会面临像困扰科学研究那样的“复制危机”。博格指出，数学家有时接受一个证明，并不是因为他们已经一步一步地检验了它，而是因为他们信任这个证明的方法和作者。考虑到“检验数学论证正确性的难度越来越大”，老式的同行评议可能不再足够。杰出的数学家发表的“证明”是如此新颖和详尽，以至于连相关数学领域的专家都无法证实它们。Bordg建议计算机化的“证明助手”将帮助确认证据。研究人员已经发明了一种“交互式定理证明程序”，可以检查证明，甚至提出改进建议)”可知，提到“复制危机”是为了证明使用数字助理的合理性。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Physicists often adopt a utilitarian (实用主义的) mindset, exemplified by the slogan “Shut up and calculate!” That is what professors supposedly tell students stuck in quantum mechanics. Stephen Hawking and Martin Rees have predicted artificial intelligence will play an increasing role in physics. (物理学家常常抱着实用主义的心态，他们的口号就是“闭嘴，计算！”这应该是教授们对被量子力学困住的学生们说的话。斯蒂芬·霍金和马丁·里斯预测，人工智能将在物理学中发挥越来越大的作用)”可知，像斯蒂芬·霍金和马丁·里斯的科学实用主义的倡导者预测人工智能将在物理学中发挥越来越大的作用，他们可能会同意自动化是一个主要趋势。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the powerful forces behind automatization, if machines can replace mathematicians, they probably will, just as they are replacing drivers, bank tellers, travel agents, cashiers and other workers. Mathematicians’ wishes, such as their desire to pursue truth purely for its own sake, might be unlikely. The charm of math can hardly be preserved in face of the powerful forces behind automatization.(考虑到自动化背后的强大力量，如果机器能够取代数学家，它们很可能会取代数学家，就像它们正在取代司机、银行柜员、旅行社、收银员和其他工人一样。数学家们的愿望，比如纯粹为了追求真理而追求真理的愿望，可能不太可能实现。面对自动化背后的强大力量，数学的魅力很难保持)”可知，机器可能会取代数学家，数学家们纯粹为了追求真理而追求真理的愿望可能不太可能实现，数学的人性化很难维持。故选C。
Passage 10
2025北京海淀期末
Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.
This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience.
There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected.
Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.
Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up
Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results.
Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲).
If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too.
31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ______.
A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity B. introduce an information technology collapse
C. explain why people are in a connected system D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system
32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system
A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network.
B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity.
C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale.
D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants.
33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with
A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be.
B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility.
C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns.
D. History can help people predict future patterns.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection
B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike
C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster
D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B
核心主题
现代社会系统追求“超连接优化”，牺牲了“去中心化韧性”，导致局部错误引发全局崩溃（以CrowdStrike事件为例），呼吁在效率与韧性间寻求平衡。
段落结构
事件引入：CrowdStrike的一个错误导致全球关键系统崩溃，暗示这不是偶然。
核心矛盾：优化与韧性的权衡——原始系统低效但韧性强，现代系统高效但脆弱。
趋势分析：全球化+数字化加剧脆弱性，供应链环环相扣，任一环节断裂即引发崩溃。
深层质疑：人类无法完美掌控复杂系统，却将世界赌注于不稳定的优化模式。
根源分析：奖励机制偏爱短期优化，忽视长期韧性。
解决方案：牺牲少量效率换取缓冲，如多元化数字供应商、加强监管。
题目答案及解析
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.(周五，全球关键系统崩溃，起因是一家公司的一个失误。网络安全行业巨头 CrowdStrike 的停电影响了银行、航空公司和医疗保健系统。这可能最终成为历史上最严重的信息技术灾难。)”以及第二段“This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization, not decentralized resilience.(然而，这并非一场不可预见的怪异事故，也不会是此类事故中的最后一次。相反，这场灾难是现代社会系统的必然结果，这些系统是为超连接优化而设计的，而非分散式弹性设计。)”可知，作者提及CrowdStrike 事件主要是为了表明现代系统存在可预见的故障。故选D项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.(全球化带来了巨大的效率提升，产品可以由全球供应链中精心管理的环节组装而成。但这些系统缺乏弹性。每个环节都必须完美配合；哪怕只有一个环节出问题，整个系统就会崩溃。)”可知，全球化使得系统缺乏弹性，一个环节出错就可能导致整个系统崩溃，可推断出全球化的系统会将局部错误的影响扩大到全球范围。故选C项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion.(尽管现代对优化的追求常常将弹性置于次要地位，但我们并非必然要继续走这条危险的道路。而且，使我们的系统更具弹性也不需要回到一个脱节的、原始的世界。相反，我们复杂、相互关联的社会只要求我们牺牲一点效率，以便有更多的缓冲空间。)”可知，作者认为为了使系统更具弹性，即更具灵活性，应该牺牲一些效率。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以CrowdStrike系统崩溃这一事件展开，阐述现代社会系统因注重优化而缺乏弹性的问题，进而讨论应对措施，强调这一事件给我们带来的警示。而B选项A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike(一个警醒：来自CrowdStrike的教训) 准确概括文章主旨。故选B项。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)猜押专题10 阅读理解之议论文（按话题分类）
本命题依据 2026 新课程标准与高考命题新要求，是高考阅读 D 篇压轴题型，命题完全源自外刊评论 + 社会思辨 + 价值探讨 + 学术观点，选自权威期刊、媒体评论、名家随笔等正规信息源。核心考论点论据 + 逻辑关系 + 态度判断，长难句密集，掌握论证结构与命题套路可突破压轴、稳拿高分。
2023–2025 年高考阅读理解议论文对比表
年份 试卷类型 原文字数 体裁 主题语境 话 题
2025 全国高考一卷 323 议论文 人与自我 文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
2025 全国高考二卷 340 说明文 人与社会 /
2024 新高考 I 卷 354 说明文 人与自我 /
2024 新高考 II 卷 347 说明文 人与社会 /
2023 新高考 I 卷 339 说明文 人与自我 /
2023 新高考 II 卷 351 说明文 人与自然 /
一、高考阅读理解说明文总纲领
核心定位：高考阅读 D 篇，压轴题、重逻辑、态度为王（8–10 分钟 / 篇）。本质：论点 + 论据 + 论证，核心是作者立场与逻辑链条；目标是找准论点、理清论证、判断态度、理性选择。
二、核心命题变化
① 体裁聚焦议论思辨类，以社会评论、观点辩驳、价值倡导、现象分析、文化思辨为主，对比论证、驳论文占比逐年提升；② 强化逻辑论证能力（论点 — 论据 — 结论、因果、对比、假设、驳论），长难句最多，侧重对观点、态度、逻辑、意图的深层理解；③ 话题紧扣社会热点与价值思辨：网络生活、心理健康、教育理念、科技伦理、文化传承、消费观念等，思辨性极强；④ 解题从翻译理解转为抓论点 + 理逻辑 + 辨态度，强调对论证脉络与作者意图的把握；⑤ 题型以推理判断题（40%）+ 细节理解题（30%）+ 情感态度题（15%）+ 主旨大意题（10%）+ 词义猜测题（5%） 为主，深度与精度并重。
三、语篇核心特征
结构逻辑（高考标准论证结构）
① 引论：提出话题 / 问题，亮出中心论点（或引出争议）；② 本论：分层论证 ——正面论据 + 反面论据 + 对比 / 例证 / 因果 / 假设论证；③ 结论：重申论点、给出建议、升华主旨、发出呼吁。常见论证逻辑：提出问题 — 分析问题 — 解决问题、立论 — 驳论 — 结论。
语言特点
① 逻辑性强，以议论、分析、辩驳、评述为主，态度鲜明、立场清晰；② 句式复杂，多重复合句、倒装、强调、非谓语、插入语密集，长难句比例最高；③ 篇幅范围：380–410 词，词汇正式、抽象词与逻辑词较多；④ 价值导向：理性思辨、批判思维、正向价值、人文关怀、社会责任，凸显核心素养。
四、2026 高频猜押话题
科技思辨：AI 伦理、数字沉迷、科技与人文
社会现象：网红文化、碎片化阅读、公共理性
教育成长：自主学习、挫折教育、个性发展
价值观念：理性消费、文化自信、环保责任
生活方式：身心健康、慢生活、社交边界
五大题型专项突破
细节理解题（定位论证细节）
推理判断题（逻辑推导）
作者情感态度题
主旨大意 / 中心论点题
论点论据匹配题
五、通用解题逻辑
① 先速读首尾段 + 各段首句，锁定中心论点与作者立场；② 圈画题干关键词（观点、态度、逻辑词、论据标志），回文定位；③ 识别论证信号词，理清论点与论据的支撑关系；④ 态度题抓褒贬词汇、评述语言，不混淆文中他人观点与作者观点；⑤ 排除偷换论点、论据错位、过度推理、绝对化、张冠李戴（他人观点当作者观点） 干扰项。
六、备考启示
考场实用策略
先找论点，再看论据先抓中心观点，再看例子、数据如何支撑，不本末倒置。
分清 “作者观点” 与 “引述观点”some people believe/it is said that 多为反方观点，非作者立场。
紧抓逻辑连接词however/therefore/while/thus/on the contrary 决定逻辑走向。
绝对词、极端词慎选only/never/all/absolutely/completely 多为错误项。
不主观站队答案必须源于原文逻辑，不加入个人价值判断。
五大题型专项备考策略
细节题：定位论证细节→比对原文→排除信息扭曲
推理题：依论点→循逻辑→合理推断→不延伸、不脑补
态度题：抓褒贬词→辨立场→排除中立 / 无关 / 极端
主旨题：抓中心论点→概括 “话题 + 作者立场”
论据题：判断例子 / 数据目的→证明 / 反驳某一观点
避坑策略
不被长难句击溃：拆分主干，抓主谓宾 + 态度词
不混淆他人与作者观点：明确立场归属，防张冠李戴
不脱离论点读论据：所有例子都是为中心论点服务
不忽略转折：but/however/yet后多为作者真实观点
不以局部代整体：避免用分论点代替中心论点
考点 1：细节理解题
做法步骤：
圈关键词：论点名词、逻辑词、研究结论、作者表述
回文定位：锁定论证细节所在原句
精读原句：提取精准信息，注意范围、程度、立场
比对选项：排除偷换概念、扭曲表述、信息错位
确定答案：与原文完全一致的选项
口诀：关键词定位，精读原句，细节比对，直选答案。
考点 2：推理判断题（逻辑推断）
做法步骤：
定位论点与逻辑链，抓因果 / 对比 / 假设关系
识别逻辑词：therefore, thus, as a result, however
依逻辑推导：原因→结果，现象→本质，条件→结论
坚守原则：基于论点，忠于原文，不绝对、不脑补
排除过度推理、与论点矛盾、无依据选项
口诀：循逻辑，依论点，合理推，不臆断。
考点 3：作者情感态度题
做法步骤：
圈画态度信号词：积极：supportive, favorable, optimistic, approving消极：critical, doubtful, opposed, pessimistic中立：objective, neutral, analytical
区分作者观点与引述他人观点
结合全文论证，判断最终立场
排除无关态度、极端态度、中立错判
口诀：找褒贬，辨立场，分你我，定态度。
考点 4：主旨大意 / 中心论点题
做法步骤：
全文主旨：看首段论点 + 尾段总结
核心结构：话题 + 作者立场 / 观点
排除只讲细节、分论点、范围过大 / 过小选项
套用句型：The author argues that.../The passage mainly discusses...
口诀：看首尾，抓论点，话题加立场，主旨不跑偏。
考点 5：论点论据匹配题
做法步骤：
定位例子 / 数据 / 引言，向前找所证明的观点
判断论证目的：support/oppose/illustrate/explain
匹配论点与论据的对应关系
排除偏离论点、功能错位选项
口诀：找论据，看目的，证观点，必匹配。
Passage 1
河北衡水中学2025-26届高三年级检测（七）
Much like beauty, art is in the eye of the beholder. The artwork we are attracted to can give insight into our personality, such as whether we are too quick or too slow, calm or moody. Studies into art preferences date back to the 1930s — most of them examining the extent to which people like or dislike different paintings. Research shows that a person’s interest in art is more strongly related to certain personality traits (特征) than to social class, age, or gender.
In particular, a personality trait called “openness” is the best predictor of whether individuals are interested in art. On the other side, those who identify as “conscientious (一丝不苟的)”, are often less drawn to the arts. These traits are part of the Big Five, a widely accepted personality theory based on nearly a century of research. The model claims that each personality is composed of a combination of five core traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Rather than stating a person as being either shy or outgoing, the Big Five Model believes that everyone lies somewhere between the two extremes.
Personality traits may also affect the way people visually scan art. A 2018 study tracked participants’ eye movements as they studied abstract artwork. The majority of participants concentrated on the upper-right part. This makes sense, as the right half of the brain is specialized for visual and spatial processing, and also plays a significant role in processing the emotions that art draws out. However, participants who tended toward emotional instability focused on the left side of the picture, and those with mental disease paid more attention to the bottom of the picture.
However, current research on personality and art still has clear limitations, reminding us that people’s preferences for art are as complicated as art itself. But if you’re looking for a quick test of someone’s general personality traits, it doesn’t hurt to look at what’s hanging on their walls.
12. What is the strongest factor in determining a person’s interest in art
A. Age and gender. B. Personality characteristics.
C. Social class. D. Educational background.
13. What can we learn about the Big Five Model
A. It can explain why our art taste changes.
B. It is well-supported by artists worldwide.
C. Everyone can fit into one of the five types.
D. It is a universally-recognized measuring model.
14. According to the passage, a person focusing on the upper-right part of a painting is probably ______.
A. moody B. unconcerned C. perceptive D. warlike
15. What is the best title of this passage
A. How to discover your art preference B. Why is art appealing to many people
C. How to reveal one’s personality traits D. What does your taste in art say about you
Passage2
吉林省松原市实验高级中学2025-2026学年高三下学期学情调研
Rejection hurts. Whether in a professional, social or romantic setting, there’s a particularly sharp pain to the discovery that one has been judged undesirable in some way.
If you’ve ever experienced real rejection — and that’d be most of us — it may stand out in your mind long, like a large rock stuck in your memory. The late scientist Helen Fisher, who studied human behavior, showed that rejection and physical injury have much in common. She said MRI scans of participants’ brains revealed areas linked to suffering and physical pain were more active. Time did reduce the pain response for Fisher’s participants, but for some people rejection can last for months or years. Social psychologist Naomi Eisenberger did similar experiments too.
Why does rejection hit so hard The realization that one has been socially excluded brings about a sudden cold feeling, like being cast out from a Palaeolithic campsite and left at the mercy of wild animals. To be cast out from the warmth of the shared fire could have meant death for our ancient ancestors — so it was something to be avoided at all costs. While the rejected of modern Britain won’t usually have to contend with the dangers that social rejects of 30,000 years ago faced, the urge to seek shelter in the company of others is strong and lasting.
For 21st-century people though, shying away from rejection may do more harm than good. In fact, strong negative emotional reactions to rejection often cause more damage than the rejection itself. To live satisfying lives and know what we enjoy and are good at, we must be prepared to try things — and to fail at them. If you make avoiding rejection your priority, you’ll become more unwilling to take risks, with a much narrower social world. What if, rather than hiding from rejection, we attempted to accept it What if instead of being knocked back by the wave, we tried to ride it Not only is it possible to overcome the fear of rejection, but doing so can bring about unexpected positive results.
28. How does the author present the issue in the second paragraph
A. By defining a concept. B. By citing relevant studies.
C. By doing experiments. D. By making a comparison.
29. What do the underlined words “contend with” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Avoid. B. Report. C. Handle. D. Question.
30. What effect does the fear of rejection have
A. Spreading negative emotions to others. B. Running away from our comfort zone.
C. Restricting our social circle eventually. D. Remembering the damage already done.
31. What will the author continue to discuss
A. The benefits of accepting rejection. B. The significance of assessing fear.
C. The results of human brain scans. D. The chance of encountering rejection.
Passage3
2026届江苏苏州市七校联考模拟预测
Forgetting things is a blessing, believe it or not. For proof, imagine a world where every detail you ever came across was carved indelibly in your mind. Every conversation you regret, every rejection you’ve ever felt, every time you stepped out with your zipper undone stands as clearly in your mind as what you had for breakfast last week as well as the moments that bring you the greatest joy. That is a world of utter chaos and suffering.
We don’t need to stick to just our armchair-philosophizing, however. Thanks to the wonderful combinatory magic genetics pulls off at each birth, we’ve had a few individuals on Earth who are unable to forget anything. Solomon Shereshevsky, for instance, could memorize lists of arbitrary (任意的) numbers, words, and nonsense syllables with perfect recall, even decades later. At first glance, this sounds like a superpower. But Shereshevsky described it as exhausting, distracting, and emotionally unbearable.
What most miss about forgetting is that it is not a design flaw (缺陷). It’s a feature. In fact, the ability to forget is fundamental to learning. It’s what gives us focus, highlights the signal through the noise, and lets the brain determine what matters most given the context we are in.
Research suggests that forgetting is an active process involving brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which help us manage the inflow and outflow of information. Forgetting is not our memory failing on us as much as it is our memory being better used.
And here is where we meet the concept of the forgetting curve (曲线). First described by Hermann Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century, the forgetting curve tracks how quickly we lose information over time without reinforcement (巩固). Within hours of learning something new, we begin to forget it. Rapidly at first, then more slowly over time. The key insight of those who have followed Ebbinghaus is that this curve is not fixed. On the contrary, it’s something we can reshape, a feature we can tune ourselves.
8. What does the underlined word “indelibly” in the first paragraph mean
A. Permanently. B. Violently. C. Chaotically. D. Effortlessly.
9. What did Shereshevsky think of his ability
A. A design flaw. B. A real blessing. C. A mental burden. D. A rare talent.
10. How does forgetting contribute to learning
A. It prevents the flow of information.
B. It pushes people to review regularly.
C. It activates brain regions responsible for learning.
D. It allows the brain to prioritize important information.
11. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A. Keep learning new things.
B. Intervene in the forgetting process.
C. Accept forgetting as a natural part of life.
D. Explore a fixed pattern of the forgetting curve.
Passage4
山东名校联盟2026届高三下学期2月份核心素养评估考试
Horror fans have been painted with the same broad and bloody brush for decades: labelled as cold, unfeeling thrill-seekers who delight in others’ suffering. Film critics have described the fans and creators of films like Friday the 13th and Saw as “very sick people”. But I argue that these assumptions are all wrong.
The misconceptions about horror fans were seemingly supported by evidence presented in an analysis from 2007. But the analysis is only as strong as the studies it summarizes. In this case, they had poorly defined variables. For example, the two studies with the strongest association with low empathy examined participant enjoyment of torture and short clips that concluded with cruel murders and no satisfactory resolution. These measures probably won’t tell you much about horror fans. The authors of the analysis admitted deep in the discussion section that the link between empathy and enjoyment of horror disappeared when those studies were removed.
In 2024, I published a set of studies that directly addressed the question of horror fandom and empathy. The results were striking. Using standardised assessments, horror fans scored higher on empathy and compassion.
When my colleagues and I examined the motivations of horror fans at frightening attractions, we found that “adrenaline junkies” represent only one subset. We also found a group we called “dark copers”, who use horror to process difficult emotions. Another group, “white knucklers,” confront fear to learn about themselves. The three-type model reveals that many fans aren’t just motivated by adrenaline (肾上腺素). But there is one common trait among them.
My research has identified morbid curiosity (猎奇) as the most powerful predictor of horror fandom. It is this tendency to seek out information about threatening or death-related phenomena that drives a fascination with horror media. Studies show that people with higher levels of this curiosity demonstrate better preparedness for real crises and show increased resilience during stressful life events.
The evidence paints a picture of horror fans being empathetic, curious and psychologically complicated. Horror is a proof to human adaptability and our remarkable capacity to find meaning, connection and even growth in the face of our deepest fears.
8. What is a conventional wisdom about horror fans
A. They lack empathy. B. They tend to fall sick.
C. They desire comfort. D. They seek uniqueness.
9. What is the limitation of previous studies
A. They ignore the essence of humanity.
B. The variables’ definition is indefinite.
C. They rely much on participants’ feelings.
D. The incomplete discussion is misleading.
10. Why is the three-type model mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To introduce types of horror fans.
B. To show motivations of horror fans.
C. To group fans based on their emotions.
D. To compare different levels of curiosity.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards horrors
A. He doubted them.
B. He dismissed them.
C. He approved of them.
D. He brushed them aside.
Passage 5
2026届福建普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟测试（六）下学期高三
The privacy screen is an accessory for phones and laptops designed to significantly darken or totally obscure their surfaces to wandering eyes. At a time when it has become normal to assume a level of comprehensive monitoring in public places — not just by security cameras, but by our fellow travelers — the screen protectors have become a common sight.
This creates a central contradiction: We are forking over tons of data and personal information to tech companies every time we download an application or search online. Yet somehow the stuff we want to keep the person sitting next to us from seeing — our messages or the algorithm-driven content that ends up on our feeds — has become a focus of some people’s privacy concerns. Is it performative A grasp for a comforting, yet false, sense of control Both Psychologists refer to this mismatch as the “privacy paradox”.
Dennis Stolle, the senior director of American Psychology Association’s Office of Applied Psychology. said the privacy screen was an example of people acting on their value for privacy in a situation where they know they can immediately and perceptibly control the space around them. “You can put that privacy screen over your laptop or your phone and feel a sense of accomplishment,” he said. “Even though in the big picture that may be the least of your worries, it still is somehow psychologically satisfying to do something to protect the value that you hold of the importance of privacy rather than doing nothing at all.”
The screen protectors can offer a thin layer of privacy — but they may be only that, a thin layer. “I like the sense of security it gives me, but it doesn’t compare with how my personal data is being used online without my permission. It’s always like a give and take with privacy,” said Mr Punater, a 23-year-old computer science major at the University of Southern California. “What you choose to give up right now is out of your hands.”
12. Which can replace the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 1
A. Hide. B. Update. C. Repair. D. Polish.
13. Which of the following best explains the “privacy paradox”
A. We would rather read privacy policies than accept presets.
B. We tend to trust information online but reject it in reality.
C. We keep using screen protectors despite their minimal effect.
D. We trade personal data for benefits despite being privacy-focused.
14. What’s the benefit of using privacy screens according to Stolle
A. Addressing concerns about privacy leaks.
B. Improving screen visibility in bright light.
C. Increasing work efficiency and productivity.
D. Giving a sense of psychological satisfaction.
15 What can be inferred from Punater’s words
A. Ignoring online security endangers privacy.
B. Screen protectors are too thin to be effective.
C. Individuals have little control over their data.
D. People should actively manage their personal data.
Passage6
2026届浙江省宁波市镇海区镇海中学高三首考模拟考试
When my beautiful firstborn turned one, about 70 people came to the pub to celebrate. There were drinks, meals, and singing. They were celebrating me. But since then, his birthdays have become about him and his friends and the quality of the event has gone downhill quickly.
My kid’s demands of his own parties have become louder. The days of a cake with a single candle in it have long gone. Now a theme must be followed, his interests reflected, his wishes regarding the guest list heard.
And so, I do my bit: putting out sugary treats, frantically cleaning, worrying nobody will come, getting stressed when they do.
When the time comes, and his friends arrive at the party, the chaos begins. What chance do the little ones have to learn social graces when their role models are stuck making awkward conversations with other parents they barely know and shout “Oi!” mid-sentence to break up a dispute or get their kids out of a tree
In these moments, I dream of a promised land, where the kid can be dropped off at a party and I can spend the time quietly meditating or scrolling my phone. I have not yet arrived there but other parents tell me it exists, and it sounds like paradise.
Despite my inability to gracefully host a birthday party, the fact that my kid has lived another year is a triumph. He grows, he changes, he asks questions, he goes to school, he has parts of his life that I am not a part of. It’s scary and it should be celebrated.
As society becomes increasingly isolated and screen-focused, kids’ parties can be part of the cure. They build real-world relationships and our kids’ friends at these ages could be part of our lives forever. Every connection is a new or potential friend. What could be more social than celebrating life’s mundane milestones
After all, the worst part of a party is not being invited.
4. Why does the author describe her own party-hosting efforts
A. To introduce a solution to the party chaos.
B. To convey a sense of personal burden and anxiety.
C. To argue that such efforts are ultimately unnecessary.
D. To highlight the author’s exceptional skills and enjoyment.
5. What does the author imply about parents’ behavior at children’s parties
A. They effectively manage all conflicts.
B. They set good examples for children.
C. They enjoy meaningful conversations.
D. Their social interactions are often forced.
6. What does “the promised land” refer to in paragraph 5
A. A perfect party venue for kids.
B. A real community event space.
C. A future stage of no restrictions.
D. An ideal party carefree for parents.
7. How does the author feel about the current trend of children’s birthday parties
A. Wholly enthusiastic.
B. Partly appreciative.
C. Largely indifferent.
D. Completely opposed.
Passage 7
2025东城期末
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings.
B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans.
D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world
B. society’s morals are in decline
C. humans prioritize their own needs
D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
Passage 8
2025西城期末
In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated (未经监管的) food additives and raised public awareness about the importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that companies in the U. S. began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes, cans, and bags that lined grocery store shelves.
Fast-forward to today, and it’s hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label
A study we conducted, published today in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that individuals with poorer mental health tended to seek out more negative and frightening content online. This, in turn, worsened their symptoms, creating a destructive cycle. To break this cycle, we introduced content labels that provided users with emotional “nutrition information” about the websites they were about to visit. Would this webpage make you feel better or worse Was it full of negativity, or was it likely to brighten your mood When users were shown these labels on the search engine results page, they were far less likely to click on negative content. As a result, this led to improved mood after browsing (浏览).
However, it’s important to note that you wouldn’t want people to make decisions solely based on the emotional tone of a website. Staying informed about the world — despite the potential for sadness or anxiety — is often essential. To address this, we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website’s emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability of the information to enhance understanding. These scores, displayed on the search engine results page, are calculated using a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) trained on thousands of human assessments.
Anne-Linda Camerini, a researcher specializing in digital media and mental health, pointed out that while much of the focus on mental health and technology has been on limiting screen time, the type of content we consume is just as critical. This shift could transform the conversation around mental health and technology. Instead of framing the Internet as inherently harmful, content labels offer a way to create a healthier digital experience. Just as nutrition labels empower people to make better food choices, content labels could enable users to make smarter, healthier decisions online.
32. What does the author intend to do by mentioning Harvey’s studies
A. Make a comparison. B. Illustrate a point.
C. Suggest an alternative. D. Challenge an assumption.
33. According to the passage, how do content labels aim to create a healthier digital experience
A. By encouraging users to avoid the Internet altogether.
B. By showing emotional tone and website usefulness.
C. By training users to spend less time online.
D. By restricting access to negative content.
34. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To stress the necessity of categorizing webpages.
B To suggest new solutions to mental health problems.
C. To criticize social media sites for spreading negativity.
D. To highlight the importance of regulating online content.
Passage 9
2025朝阳期末
Pure mathematics fascinates me, precisely because it is so inaccessible. I envision it as a remote, chilly, dangerous place, like Antarctica’s Sentinel Range. The hard y souls who surmount its peaks seem superhuman.
Perhaps because I romanticize mathematicians, I’m troubled by the thought that machines might replace them. I stated this possibility in The Death of Proof, published in the October 1993 Scientific American. In response to the growing complexity of mathematics, I reported, mathematicians were becoming increasingly reliant on computers. I asked, “Will the great mathematicians of the next century be made of silicon (硅) ”
Mathematicians are still annoyed about that article, even as the trends I described have continued. Anthony Bordg at Cambridge University worries that his field could face a “replication crisis” (复制危机) like that troubling scientific research. Mathematicians, Bordg notes, sometimes accept a proof not because they have checked it, step by step, but because they trust the proof’s methods and author. Given the “increasing difficulty in checking the correctness of mathematical arguments”, old-fashioned peer review may no longer be sufficient. Outstanding mathematicians have published “proofs” so novel and elaborate that even specialists in the relevant mathematics can’t validate them. Bordg suggests computerized “proof assistants ” will help confirm proofs. Researchers have already invented an “interactive theorem prover (交互式定理证明程序)” that can check proofs and even propose improvements.
Some mathematicians welcome the digitization of mathematics for accuracy. Others are conflicted. Michael Harris sees mathematics as “a free, creative activity” pursued for its own sake, for the pure joy of discovery and insight. He worries such tools will encourage a “limited vision” of mathematics as an economic product rather than “a way of being human”. After all, many funders of mathematical research, including technology giants, value mathematics primarily for its applications.
We value science for applications, too. Sentimental science writing, including mine, implies that science’s purpose is insight into nature. In the modern era, however, science’s primary goal is power. Science helps us control nature for various ends: to enrich and entertain, to boost economy, and to defeat enemies. Modern physics, to most of us, is incomprehensible, but who cares when physics gives us smartphones and hydrogen bombs
Physicists often adopt a utilitarian (实用主义的) mindset, exemplified by the slogan “Shut up and calculate!” That is what professors supposedly tell students stuck in quantum mechanics. Stephen Hawking and Martin Rees have predicted artificial intelligence will play an increasing role in physics. Wouldn’t it be funny if a quantum AI finds the long-sought unified theory of physics, but not even brilliant theorist Edward Witten understands it
Given the powerful forces behind automatization if machines can replace mathematicians, they probably will, just as they are replacing drivers, bank tellers, travel agents, cashiers and other workers. Mathematicians’ wishes, such as their desire to pursue truth purely for its own sake, might be unlikely. The charm of math can hardly be preserved in face of the powerful forces behind automatization.
32. “Replication crisis” is mentioned to _________.
A. reduce a particular concern
B. justify the use of digital assistants
C. question the role of authority in math
D. highlight the potential threat of machines
33. Advocates of utilitarianism in science would probably agree that _________.
A. insight into nature is a priority
B. automatization is a major trend
C. quantum AI remains a fantasy
D. power is an approach to digitization
34. What can be learned from this passage
A. Utilitarian mindset pushes physics forward.
B. Quantum mechanics unifies theories of physics.
C. The humanity of mathematics is hard to maintain.
D. Leading mathematicians’ proofs are beyond understanding.
Passage 10
2025北京海淀期末
Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.
This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience.
There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected.
Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.
Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up
Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results.
Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲).
If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too.
31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ______.
A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity
B. introduce an information technology collapse
C. explain why people are in a connected system
D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system
32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system
A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network.
B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity.
C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale.
D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants.
33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with
A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be.
B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility.
C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns.
D. History can help people predict future patterns.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection
B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike
C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster
D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems
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