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秘籍02 语法填空
(无词填空之连词、介词、冠词、it)
目录
一、无词填空之连词............................................................................ ..................................................................01
二、无词填空之介词..................................................................................................... .........................................05
三、无词填空之冠词...............................................................................................................................................08
四、无词填空之it ...................................................................................................................................................11
一、无词填空之连词
高考语法填空的无词填空中，连词是核心考点。应试时，先分析句子结构：若两个主谓结构之间无标点或仅有逗号，则必填连词。接着判断逻辑关系：并列（and/but）、选择（or）、因果（so/for）、或主从（名词性从句的that/whether，定语从句的关系词，状语从句的when/if等）。关键在于厘清分句间是平行、转折还是从属关系，从而准确锁定连词。
易错点1：定语从句：关系词选错或多余
（2025年1月浙江高考）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
易错点：误填that或what。
that vs. which：that不能引导非限制性定语从句（逗号后），因此只能填which。
what vs. which：what不能引导定语从句；what引导名词性从句，前面不能有先行词。此处前面有名词clothing作先行词，故只能用which。
变式1：（2024·全国甲卷改编）
Yellowstone was the largest United States national park until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors in 1980.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
Isabel Wang, ______ studies at New York University, says she was moved to tears at the scene.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
变式3：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
The Glasshouse stands at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route ______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia.
A. where B. who C. when D. which
易错点2：名词性从句：that 与what混淆
真题：（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed — there's never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
易错点：误填that。
错误原因：考生看到从句结构相对完整，容易忽略谓语动词could be guessed缺少主语，误以为从句不缺少成分而填that。
避坑指南：判断名词性从句用that还是what，关键看从句是否缺成分：
从句缺主语/宾语/表语（缺名词性成分）→ 用what
从句不缺成分，句意完整 → 用that
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
变式2：（2024·浙江1月卷）
If most of their customers are happy to ______ they buy, perhaps it isn't such a bad thing.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
变式3：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
The traditional view ______ flower and plant buyers are mainly those with plenty of free time has changed in recent years.
A. what B. which C. that D. who
易错点3：状语从句：逻辑关系误判
真题：（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist.-1
易错点：误填which或that。
错误原因：考生看到空后是一个完整的句子，容易误以为是定语从句，认为先行词是"the countryside"而误填关系代词which。但仔细分析可知，此处并非修饰先行词的定语从句（如果填which，从句缺主语），而是修饰主句谓语的地点状语从句。
避坑指南：判断状语从句的关键在于分析从句与主句的逻辑关系——是修饰动作（时间、地点、原因、条件等），还是修饰名词。此处从句说明"生活在哪里"的地点背景，故为状语从句。
二、无词填空之介词
高考语法填空的无词填空中，介词主要考察固定搭配与逻辑关系。应试时遵循“上下求索”原则：上看动词/形容词（如come up with, be interested in），下看名词（如on the contrary）。牢记时间介词（in/on/at）、方位介词（under/behind）的基本用法。若前后无提示，则根据句意补充表示方式、原因、目的的介词（by/for/to）。遇到空格，先扫前后搭配，再补逻辑关系。
易错点1： 介词的多余与缺失
真题：（2025年全国二卷）Nothing in my life before prepared me ______ this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this home or area.
易错点：误以为prepare是及物动词可直接加宾语，漏填介词for。
错误原因：考生知道prepare有"准备"的意思，但混淆了其及物与不及物用法：
prepare sth.（准备某物）：及物，直接加宾语，如prepare dinner（准备晚餐）
prepare for sth.（为某事做准备）：不及物，需加介词for
prepare sb. for sth.（使某人为某事做好准备）：及物，但需用介词for引出准备的对象
避坑指南：遇到动词，先回想其完整搭配结构。常考易漏介词的动词短语包括：prepare for、provide sb. with / provide sth. for sb.、thank sb. for、congratulate sb. on等。
变式1：（2025·浙江名校联考）
The committee discussed the proposal for three hours but failed to reach any agreement. They need to approach the problem ______ a new perspective.
变式2：（2024·湖北武汉调研）
The young man was praised ______ his bravery in rescuing the child from the burning house. The mayor presented him with an award at the ceremony.
变式3：（2023·全国乙卷改编）
The temple, which dates back to the Tang Dynasty, is famous ______ its unique architectural style and ancient murals. Thousands of tourists visit it every year.
易错点2： 易忽略的逻辑介词
真题：（2025年北京卷）After all, exploring the world shouldn't come ______ the planet's expense.
易错点：误填with、for或in。
错误原因：考生看到"expense"（花费、代价），容易联想到"with expense"（带有花费）、"for expense"（为了花费）或"in expense"（在花费方面），但这些都是中式思维的直接翻译。英语中"以……为代价"有固定搭配at...expense，无法用其他介词替代。
避坑指南：当空格前后无动词/形容词搭配提示时，考虑"方式、代价、手段、伴随"等逻辑关系。这类介词往往隐藏在固定短语中，如：at the cost of（以……为代价）、by means of（通过……方式）、in return for（作为……回报）。
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
The Glasshouse stands ______ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China.
变式2：（2025·浙江名校联考）
The young artist gained recognition ______ his unique style, which combines traditional Chinese painting with modern elements.
变式3：（2024·全国甲卷）
The temple was built entirely ______ wood, and it has stood for over 1,000 years without collapsing.
三、无词填空之冠词
高考语法填空的无词填空中，冠词主要考察泛指与特指。应试时遵循“先辨可数，再分泛指特指”原则：若空格后为可数名词单数，且首次提及、表泛指，填a/an（辅音音素前用a，元音音素前用an）；若为特指（上文已提、被后置定语修饰、或独一无二的事物），填the。注意零冠词的固定搭配（如at school）。遇到空格，先看名词单复，再判指代新旧。
易错点1：可数名词单数前冠词缺失
真题：（2025年1月浙江卷）The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ______ new way of dressing, and it‘s beginning to take off in Australia, too.
易错点：漏填冠词，直接写new way。
错误原因：考生受中文思维影响（“催生了新的穿衣方式”），误以为可数名词单数可以单独使用。但英语语法规定：可数名词单数不能单独使用，必须有限定词（冠词/物主代词/指示代词等）。
避坑指南：看到单数可数名词，立即判断是否需要冠词。若为泛指（首次提及/表示“一个”），用a/an；若为特指（上文提过/后置定语修饰），用the。
变式1：（2024·全国甲卷）
The temple, which dates back to the Tang Dynasty, is considered ______ important cultural heritage site.
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
Isabel Wang, who studies at New York University, says she was moved to tears at the scene. It was ______ unforgettable experience for her.
变式3：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
The Glasshouse stands as ______ great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China.
易错点2：零冠词与定冠词混淆
真题：（2023年浙江卷1月）In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ______ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
易错点：误填零冠词（即漏填the）。
错误原因：考生牢记“抽象名词前不加冠词”的规则，却忽略了特指时抽象名词必须加the。culture单独使用时可泛指“文化”，但一旦被后置定语（of...）或定语从句修饰，就转化为具体特指的概念，需要用the。
避坑指南：抽象名词/物质名词的判断标准：无修饰语→零冠词表泛指；有后置定语/限定性修饰→用the表特指。例如：advice（泛指建议）→ the advice he gave me（他给我的那条建议）。
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ______ first time.
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
（2024·浙江1月卷） Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions. Then, when you use one section, ______ other stays fresh.
变式3：（2022年1月浙江卷）
The tactile (可触) paintings work as a way to show art to ______ blind because we don't see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.
四、无词填空之it
高考语法填空的无词填空中，it的考点主要集中于指代与句型。应试时，先看空格位置：若位于句首且后含不定式/从句，考虑形式主语（It is adj. to do...）；若动词后接宾补且缺宾语，考虑形式宾语（find it adj. to do）。若强调谓语部分，考虑强调句型（It is...that）。若句意指代前文同一事物、天气、时间或距离，则填it。无词填空遇it，先分指代后句型。
易错点1：it与that/one的指代混淆
真题：（2025·全国新课标卷）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions. If you want to get a good , you need to find another method.
易错点：混淆it与one的指代功能。
错误原因：考生看到前文有two reports，容易误用it指代“报告”。但it指代的是同类同物（同一个报告），而此处是想获得“另一个好的报告”，属于同类异物（泛指），必须用one。
避坑指南：
it：指上文提到的同一个事物（特指）。如：I bought a book. It is interesting.（同一本书）
one：指上文提到的同类事物中的某一个（泛指）。如：I need a pen. Can you lend me one？（任意一支笔）
that：特指同类事物，常带后置定语。如：The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.（特指南京的天气）
变式1：（2024·浙江1月卷）
Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions. Then, when you use one section, ______ other stays fresh. But if you want a whole new pack, you can buy ______.
A. the; it B. an; one C. the; one D. an; it
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools, but the facilities here are not as modern as ______ in those schools.
A. that; that B. that; those C. those; those D. one; ones
变式3：（2023·全国甲卷改编）
—Would you like to buy a car here
—Yes, but I'd like to buy ______ made in Shanghai. The one over there looks nice, but I don't have enough money for ______.
A. one; it B. it; one C. one; one D. it; it
易错点2：形式主语/宾语滥用或缺失
真题：（2025·全国二卷）Over time, I've found ______ feeling extremely at home in this home and this village.
易错分析：易误填it。考生可能机械地认为动词后缺宾语就填it，忽略了此处真正的宾语是反身代词myself，且后接现在分词作宾补。find it + adj. + to do是常见结构，但句中无形容词和不定式，不符合形式宾语的使用条件。
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编）
The design features ten steel "sepals" made of glass and aluminium. These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. Many visitors find ______ amazing to watch the sepals open and close with the weather.
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
The professor made ______ clear to all students that the final exam would cover the entire textbook, not just the first few chapters.
变式3：（2023·全国乙卷改编）
______ is universally acknowledged that trees are vital to urban life, providing shade, reducing noise, and improving air quality.
易错点3：强调句型中的it误用
真题：（2025·全国新课标卷）Was ______ in the library ______ you borrowed the book （根据2021年全国乙卷单选题改编为语法填空语境）
易错点：误填that或where，或混淆强调句与定语从句。
误填that在第一空：考生可能认为两个空都填that，但强调句必须用it作形式主语。
误填where在第二空：考生看到"in the library"是地点，误以为where引导地点状语从句或定语从句。但本句是强调句型，无论强调什么成分（时间、地点、原因），连接词都只能用that（强调人时可用who）。
避坑指南：判断强调句的黄金法则——去掉"It is/was...that/who"后，剩下的部分是否还是一个完整句子？若是，则为强调句，必须用it和that（或who）。
变式1：（2024·浙江1月卷改编）
It was in the small village ______ they spent their childhood ______ they decided to build a school.
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
It was not until midnight ______ they finally reached an agreement.
变式3：（2023·全国甲卷改编）
—Where was it ______ you picked up the wallet
—It was in the park ______ I was taking a walk.
【押题新高考题型一】语法填空无词填空之连词
1. (2025·浙江1月卷)
Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear ______ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes or contributing to landfill.
2. (2024·浙江1月卷)
Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ______ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
3. (2025·浙江1月卷)
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers.
4. (2025·广东二调)
The concept, first proposed by Chinese landscape architect Kongjian Yu, uses natural water systems in urban sites to reduce the possibility of flooding, water shortages and the urban heat island effect, and it is now being practised all over the world. Having grown up in rural China, Yu developed an awareness of the seasonal movement of natural waterways and the role of vegetation in regulating their flow. Witnessing the effectiveness of Chinese irrigation networks helped him develop the sponge city philosophy, ______ eventually became part of China's urbanism policy in 2014.
5. (2025·皖南八校联考)
In rural China, 25 percent of households still rely on dirty toilets—particularly in water-scarce, frozen regions ______ sewer systems are much too costly, according to the team.
6. (2025·广东广州模考)
Learning a skill can bring quicker results than studying theory, ______ that shouldn't be the only reason. "______ matters most is knowing who you want to become and choosing the right path," as Yufan said.
7. (2025·广东领航高中联盟)
Other Chinglish can combine sounds and meanings to create humorous phrases. For instance, the popularity of the iPhone in China has led consumers to eagerly purchase one. That's ______ they have called iPhones "iFeng".
8. (2025·湖北十一校联考)
Influenced by Chinese culture, he now approaches everything with a broader perspective, particularly attaching great value to family. "Cultural exchange is extremely significant because it promotes mutual understanding, and that is ______ essentially the key to achieving peace and harmony," said Wiggin.
9. (2025·湖南雅礼中学月考)
This year, China introduced additional favorable policies to facilitate cross-border travel and attract more foreign visitors. "These visa facilitation measures have encouraged a large number of foreign friends to come to China for tourism and business, ______ boosted inbound consumption, and further enhanced understanding and friendship between people in China and other countries," she said.
10. (2025·湖南雅礼中学月考)
From January to June, China recorded a total of 13.64 million visa-free inbound trips made by foreigners, up 53.9 percent year-on-year, Lyu Ning, an official spokeswoman, said on Wednesday. These trips accounted for 71.2 percent of all inbound trips made by foreigners in the first half of the year, ______ Lyu said.
【押题新高考题型二】无词填空之介词
1.（2025·广东二调）
Forsythia (连翘) is one of the earliest flowers blooming in spring, ______ March and May.
2.（2025·广东二调）
During July and August it produces fruit, often used ______ traditional Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating ______ some 4,000 years.
3.（2026·湖南新高考介词专项）
She spoke English ______ a heavy British accent.
4.（2025·广东二调）
It is ______ popular plant known ______ its bare branches filled ______ brilliant yellow flowers.
5.（2025·广东领航高中联盟）
In response ______ supply shortages of Bing Dwen Dwen products, the organizers have coordinated with manufacturers.
6.（2025·湖南雅礼中学月考）
Achievers is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement.
7.（2026·湖南新高考介词专项）
She goes to school ______ bike every morning, not by bus.
8.（2026·湖南新高考介词专项）
She was late for school because ______ the heavy rain.
9.（2026届高考英语语法专题）
Dad moved the dinner table ______ the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open.
10.（2026届高考英语语法专题）
The mother is staring at the coming school bus ______ great concern.
【押题新高考题型三】无词填空之冠词
1.（2025·新高考Ⅰ卷）
Go is one of ______ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy.
2.（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ______ first time.
3.（2024·浙江1月卷）
Then, when you use one section, ______ other stays fresh.
4.（2025·1月浙江卷）
The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ______ new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too.
5.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）
The meat should be fresh with ______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
6.（2026·浙江省台州高三一模）
For the ancient paintings and calligraphy, the mounting methods and restoration techniques are ______ national-level intangible cultural heritage item.
7.（2023·浙江1月卷）
In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ______ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
8.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）
Not the pandas, even though ______ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
9.（2026届高考二轮复习专项）
For Hindus, Diwali is a time ______ charitable giving and selfless service.
10.（2022·1月浙江卷）
The tactile (可触) paintings work as a way to show art to ______ blind because we don't see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.
【押题新高考题型四】无词填空之it
1.（2026·天津和平区二模）
After months of waiting and wondering about his job application status, ______ suddenly struck her that she should check her email for any updates or notifications.
2.（2026·上海宝山区一模）
社区志愿者在共享单车的把手上安装了防风手套，好贴心呀！（汉译英）(It)
3.（2025·上海长宁区模拟）
对于职场新人而言，去公司各个部门进行实践，获得全方位的感知，这一点至关重要。（汉译英）(It)
4.（2026·组卷网）
Linda makes ______ a rule to keep a diary every day.
5.（2026·组卷网）
I would appreciate ______, frankly speaking, if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. -3
6.（2026·组卷网）
People hate ______ when they are interrupted while working. -3
7.（2026·高考英语语法专题）
It was only after he went abroad ______ he realized the importance of English.
8.（2026·高考英语语法专题）
It was when I read his poems ______ I began to appreciate these buildings' beauty.
9.（2026·组卷网）
— Oh, dear! We only have 15 minutes to get to the station.
— So terrible! There isn't any taxi around when you want ________.
10.（2025·天津市滨海新区四模）
______ is important for students ______ good study habits.
语篇押题1
Paper-cutting, a traditional Chinese art form, 1.______ (date) back to the 6th century. It 2.______ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009.
Paper-cutting is not only a craft but also a way 3.______ (express) people’s wishes for happiness and good fortune. The patterns are often 4.______ (color) and lively, featuring flowers, animals, and characters from folk tales.
5.______ (make) a paper-cut, you need only paper, scissors, and a knife. However, it requires great 6.______ (patient) and skill. Many young people today are learning this art, 7.______ helps to keep it alive.
In some rural areas, paper-cutting is still 8.______ common sight during festivals. People put them on windows, doors, and walls, 9.______ (add) a festive atmosphere to their homes. It is truly 10.______ art that connects the past with the present.
语篇押题2
Artificial Intelligence (AI) 1.______ (become) an important part of our daily lives in recent years. From smart phones to self-driving cars, AI is changing the way we live and work.
One of the most significant 2.______ (develop) is AI’s ability to learn from data. This is known 3.______ machine learning. Through machine learning, computers can improve their performance 4.______ (gradual) without being explicitly programmed.
AI has also made great progress in 5.______ (understand) human language. Chatbots and voice assistants like Siri and Alexa can now communicate with us 6.______ (natural). However, there are still many challenges 7.______ (face) by AI researchers.
8.______ is believed that AI will continue to develop rapidly in the future. Some people worry that AI may take 9.______ (they) jobs, while others are optimistic about its potential to create new opportunities. 10.______ the future holds, AI is sure to have a profound impact on society.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)秘籍02 语法填空
(无词填空之连词、介词、冠词、it)
目录
一、无词填空之连词............................................................................ ..................................................................01
二、无词填空之介词..................................................................................................... .........................................05
三、无词填空之冠词...............................................................................................................................................08
四、无词填空之it ...................................................................................................................................................11
一、无词填空之连词
高考语法填空的无词填空中，连词是核心考点。应试时，先分析句子结构：若两个主谓结构之间无标点或仅有逗号，则必填连词。接着判断逻辑关系：并列（and/but）、选择（or）、因果（so/for）、或主从（名词性从句的that/whether，定语从句的关系词，状语从句的when/if等）。关键在于厘清分句间是平行、转折还是从属关系，从而准确锁定连词。
易错点1：定语从句：关系词选错或多余
（2025年1月浙江高考）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
答案：which
句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者（比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人），并提供更长期的租赁服务。解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词是less formal clothing（指物），关系词在从句中作package的宾语（package sth. as...），因此需要填入关系代词which。
易错点：误填that或what。
that vs. which：that不能引导非限制性定语从句（逗号后），因此只能填which。
what vs. which：what不能引导定语从句；what引导名词性从句，前面不能有先行词。此处前面有名词clothing作先行词，故只能用which。
变式1：（2024·全国甲卷改编）
Yellowstone was the largest United States national park until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors in 1980.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
答案：B
句意：黄石公园一直是美国最大的国家公园，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部朗格尔-圣伊莱亚斯山于1980年获得这项荣誉。
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias（指物，指一座山），关系词在从句中作主语。
选项分析：A项where在从句中作状语，但从句缺主语；C项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；D项what不能引导定语从句。
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
Isabel Wang, ______ studies at New York University, says she was moved to tears at the scene.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
答案：C
句意：在纽约大学就读的伊莎贝尔·王说，看到这一幕她感动落泪。
解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词为Isabel Wang（指人），关系词在从句中作主语（studies的发出者）。
选项分析：A项which指物；B项whom作宾语；D项whose作定语，均不符合。
变式3：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
The Glasshouse stands at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route ______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia.
A. where B. who C. when D. which
答案：D
句意：玻璃屋坐落在一条小路的尽头，这条路重走了丝绸之路的路线，正是这条路线将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国。
解析：限制性定语从句，先行词为the Silk Route（指物），关系词在从句中作主语（brought的发出者），意为“丝绸之路带来了...”。
易错分析：本题极易误选A（where）。考生看到先行词是路线（地点），误以为缺地点状语。但分析从句可知，brought缺主语（什么东西带来了植物），故应用关系代词which/that。
易错点2：名词性从句：that 与what混淆
真题：（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed — there's never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
答案：what
句意：不过，真相正如所能猜到的那样——这里从来没有其他人。
解析：本题考查表语从句的连接词。系动词is后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语（could be guessed缺少动作的发出者），且指代事物（所猜测的内容），因此需要用连接代词what引导。what在从句中作主语，相当于"the thing that"。
易错点：误填that。
错误原因：考生看到从句结构相对完整，容易忽略谓语动词could be guessed缺少主语，误以为从句不缺少成分而填that。
避坑指南：判断名词性从句用that还是what，关键看从句是否缺成分：
从句缺主语/宾语/表语（缺名词性成分）→ 用what
从句不缺成分，句意完整 → 用that
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
答案：B
句意：1870年9月中旬一个凉爽的繁星点点的夜晚，四个人在火hole河畔的篝火前休息，该地就是现在的怀俄明州西北部。
解析：本题考查介词后的宾语从句。介词in后接宾语从句，从句______ is now northwestern Wyoming中缺少主语（is的主语），且指代地点（这个地方），因此用what引导。what在从句中作主语。
选项分析：A项that引导宾语从句时可省略，但that在从句中不作成分，而此处缺主语；C项which引导宾语从句时表示"哪一个"，需有选择范围，此处无范围；D项where在从句中作状语，而此处缺主语。
变式2：（2024·浙江1月卷）
If most of their customers are happy to ______ they buy, perhaps it isn't such a bad thing.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
答案：C
句意：如果大多数顾客对他们购买的东西感到满意，也许这并不算太糟糕。
解析：本题考查介词后的宾语从句。介词to后接宾语从句，从句______ they buy中缺少宾语（buy的宾语），且指代事物（所购买的东西），因此用what引导。what在从句中作buy的宾语。
选项分析：A项that在宾语从句中不作成分，而此处缺宾语；B项which表示"哪一个"，需有选择范围；D项where在从句中作地点状语，而此处缺宾语。
变式3：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
The traditional view ______ flower and plant buyers are mainly those with plenty of free time has changed in recent years.
A. what B. which C. that D. who
答案：C
句意：近年来，认为花卉和植物买家主要是那些有大量空闲时间的人这一传统观点发生了变化。
解析：本题考查同位语从句。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词view的具体内容。从句flower and plant buyers are mainly those with plenty of free time结构完整（主系表齐全），不缺少任何成分，句意完整，因此用只起连接作用、无实义的that引导。
选项分析：A项what在从句中作成分，而此处不缺成分；B项which引导定语从句或表示"哪一个"的名词性从句，需有选择范围；D项who指人且在从句中作主语，而从句已有主语buyers。
易错点3：状语从句：逻辑关系误判
真题：（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist.-1
答案：where
句意：我在美国俄亥俄州克利夫兰出生并长大。然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫以及他的家人住在中国浙江的乡村，在那里，竹子和茶树在山上野生生长，鸡总是散养的，而且没有集中供暖。
解析：本题考查地点状语从句的连接词。空处引导一个状语从句，修饰主句的谓语动词"live"，表示居住的地点背景。从句"______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild..."结构完整（主谓齐全），不缺主语或宾语，缺的是地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于"in the place where"。
易错点：误填which或that。
错误原因：考生看到空后是一个完整的句子，容易误以为是定语从句，认为先行词是"the countryside"而误填关系代词which。但仔细分析可知，此处并非修饰先行词的定语从句（如果填which，从句缺主语），而是修饰主句谓语的地点状语从句。
避坑指南：判断状语从句的关键在于分析从句与主句的逻辑关系——是修饰动作（时间、地点、原因、条件等），还是修饰名词。此处从句说明"生活在哪里"的地点背景，故为状语从句。
二、无词填空之介词
高考语法填空的无词填空中，介词主要考察固定搭配与逻辑关系。应试时遵循“上下求索”原则：上看动词/形容词（如come up with, be interested in），下看名词（如on the contrary）。牢记时间介词（in/on/at）、方位介词（under/behind）的基本用法。若前后无提示，则根据句意补充表示方式、原因、目的的介词（by/for/to）。遇到空格，先扫前后搭配，再补逻辑关系。
易错点1： 介词的多余与缺失
真题：（2025年全国二卷）Nothing in my life before prepared me ______ this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this home or area.
答案：for
句意：我之前生活中的一切都没有让我为这一刻做好准备——说实话，第一次来这里时，我从没想过自己会在这个家或这个地方感到自在。
解析：本题考查动词固定搭配中的介词缺失。动词prepare的用法为"prepare sb. for sth."，意为"使某人为某事做好准备"。此处空格位于prepared me之后、this one之前，需要介词连接动词与宾语，故填for。
易错点：误以为prepare是及物动词可直接加宾语，漏填介词for。
错误原因：考生知道prepare有"准备"的意思，但混淆了其及物与不及物用法：
prepare sth.（准备某物）：及物，直接加宾语，如prepare dinner（准备晚餐）
prepare for sth.（为某事做准备）：不及物，需加介词for
prepare sb. for sth.（使某人为某事做好准备）：及物，但需用介词for引出准备的对象
避坑指南：遇到动词，先回想其完整搭配结构。常考易漏介词的动词短语包括：prepare for、provide sb. with / provide sth. for sb.、thank sb. for、congratulate sb. on等。
变式1：（2025·浙江名校联考）
The committee discussed the proposal for three hours but failed to reach any agreement. They need to approach the problem ______ a new perspective.
答案：from
句意：委员会讨论了三个小时的提案但未能达成任何协议。他们需要从一个新的角度来处理这个问题。
解析：本题考查介词缺失。动词approach作"处理、对待"讲时是及物动词，直接加宾语（approach the problem），不需要介词。但空格后的a new perspective是方式状语，表示"从...角度"，需要用介词from构成固定搭配"from a...perspective"。
易错分析：本题易误填to，因为"approach to"是常见错误搭配。考生需区分：
approach sth.（及物）：处理某事，不加介词
an approach to sth.（名词）：做某事的方法，需用介词to
from a perspective（介词短语）：从某个角度
变式2：（2024·湖北武汉调研）
The young man was praised ______ his bravery in rescuing the child from the burning house. The mayor presented him with an award at the ceremony.
答案：for
句意：这位年轻人因从燃烧的房屋中救出孩子的英勇行为而受到表彰。市长在仪式上为他颁发了奖项。
解析：本题考查固定搭配中的介词缺失。动词praise的用法为"praise sb. for sth."，意为"因某事表扬某人"。此处空格位于was praised之后、his bravery之前，需填for构成被动结构"be praised for"。
易错分析：考生易受母语影响，误以为"因..."直接用because或直接加名词。但英语中表示"因某种品质/行为而受到表扬/感谢/批评"时，常用介词for：
praise sb. for sth. thank sb. for sth.
criticize sb. for sth. apologize for sth.
变式3：（2023·全国乙卷改编）
The temple, which dates back to the Tang Dynasty, is famous ______ its unique architectural style and ancient murals. Thousands of tourists visit it every year.
答案：for
句意：这座始建于唐朝的寺庙以其独特的建筑风格和古代壁画而闻名。每年有成千上万的游客前来参观。
解析：本题考查形容词固定搭配中的介词缺失。形容词famous的用法为"be famous for sth."（因某事/某物而闻名）或"be famous as sth."（作为...而闻名）。此处its unique architectural style是其闻名的原因/方面，故用for。
易错分析：本题易误填as。区分标准：
famous for：后接闻名的原因/特点/产物（如风景、特产、建筑）
famous as：后接闻名的身份/角色（如作家、景点、产地）
易错点2： 易忽略的逻辑介词
真题：（2025年北京卷）After all, exploring the world shouldn't come ______ the planet's expense.
答案：at
句意：毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。
解析：本题考查固定介词短语中的逻辑介词。空格前后既无动词提示固定搭配，也无形容词提示习惯用法，属于纯逻辑填空。"at one's expense"或"at the expense of"是固定介词短语，意为"以……为代价"。"the planet's expense"即"以地球为代价"，符合句意。
易错点：误填with、for或in。
错误原因：考生看到"expense"（花费、代价），容易联想到"with expense"（带有花费）、"for expense"（为了花费）或"in expense"（在花费方面），但这些都是中式思维的直接翻译。英语中"以……为代价"有固定搭配at...expense，无法用其他介词替代。
避坑指南：当空格前后无动词/形容词搭配提示时，考虑"方式、代价、手段、伴随"等逻辑关系。这类介词往往隐藏在固定短语中，如：at the cost of（以……为代价）、by means of（通过……方式）、in return for（作为……回报）。
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
The Glasshouse stands ______ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China.
答案：as
句意：这座玻璃屋作为当代设计的一大成就而屹立，用于容纳中国西南地区的植物。
解析：本题考查表"作为"的逻辑介词。空格前后无动词固定搭配提示，需要根据句意补充逻辑关系。stand as意为"作为……存在/屹立"，表示身份或属性。此处指玻璃屋"作为"一项伟大成就。
选项分析：易误填for（stand for代表）或with，但根据句意，这里是说明其身份地位，故用as。
变式2：（2025·浙江名校联考）
The young artist gained recognition ______ his unique style, which combines traditional Chinese painting with modern elements.
答案：for
句意：这位年轻艺术家因其独特的风格而获得认可，这种风格将中国传统绘画与现代元素相结合。
解析：本题考查表"原因"的逻辑介词。空格前gained recognition是动作，空格后his unique style是原因，需要介词连接。表示"因……而获得认可"，用介词for表原因（因某种特质/行为）。
选项分析：易误填by（表方式）或with（表伴随），但此处强调因果关系，故用for。
变式3：（2024·全国甲卷）
The temple was built entirely ______ wood, and it has stood for over 1,000 years without collapsing.
答案：of
句意：这座寺庙完全由木材建造，已经屹立了1000多年而没有倒塌。
解析：本题考查表"材料"的逻辑介词。be built of表示"由……建造（看得出原材料）"。木材作为建筑材料，仍保持木材的形态和性质，故用of。若用from则表示看不出原材料（如纸由木材制成）。
选项分析：易误填by（表动作执行者）或with（表工具），但此处强调材料构成，故用of。
三、无词填空之冠词
高考语法填空的无词填空中，冠词主要考察泛指与特指。应试时遵循“先辨可数，再分泛指特指”原则：若空格后为可数名词单数，且首次提及、表泛指，填a/an（辅音音素前用a，元音音素前用an）；若为特指（上文已提、被后置定语修饰、或独一无二的事物），填the。注意零冠词的固定搭配（如at school）。遇到空格，先看名词单复，再判指代新旧。
易错点1：可数名词单数前冠词缺失
真题：（2025年1月浙江卷）The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ______ new way of dressing, and it‘s beginning to take off in Australia, too.
答案：a
句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流行起来。-1
解析：本题考查可数名词单数前的冠词缺失。空格后的way为可数名词单数，在句中首次出现，表示“一种”方式，属于泛指。且new以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a
易错点：漏填冠词，直接写new way。
错误原因：考生受中文思维影响（“催生了新的穿衣方式”），误以为可数名词单数可以单独使用。但英语语法规定：可数名词单数不能单独使用，必须有限定词（冠词/物主代词/指示代词等）。
避坑指南：看到单数可数名词，立即判断是否需要冠词。若为泛指（首次提及/表示“一个”），用a/an；若为特指（上文提过/后置定语修饰），用the。
变式1：（2024·全国甲卷）
The temple, which dates back to the Tang Dynasty, is considered ______ important cultural heritage site.
答案：an
句意：这座始建于唐朝的寺庙被认为是一个重要的文化遗产地。
解析：site为可数名词单数，首次提及，表泛指，需用不定冠词。important以元音音素/ m p rtnt/开头，故填an。
易错分析：易误填a。考生看到important首字母i是元音字母，但冠词选择依据发音而非字母。important以元音音素开头，必须用an。
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
Isabel Wang, who studies at New York University, says she was moved to tears at the scene. It was ______ unforgettable experience for her.
答案：an句意：在纽约大学就读的伊莎贝尔·王说，看到这一幕她感动落泪。这对她来说是一次难忘的经历。
解析：experience此处意为“经历”，为可数名词单数，首次提及表泛指，需用不定冠词。unforgettable以元音音素/ nf r ɡet bl/开头，故填an。
易错分析：易误填a或漏填。考生可能误以为experience作“经历”讲时不可数，或忽略元音发音。注意：experience作“经验”讲不可数，作“经历”讲可数。
变式3：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
The Glasshouse stands as ______ great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China.
答案：a
句意：这座玻璃屋作为当代设计的一大成就而屹立，用于容纳中国西南地区的植物。-6
解析：achievement为可数名词单数，此处表示“一项成就”，表泛指，需用不定冠词。great以辅音音素/ɡre t/开头，故填a。
易错分析：易漏填冠词。考生可能将achievement视为抽象名词，但抽象名词具体化表示“一个……的人/事”时，必须加不定冠词。
易错点2：零冠词与定冠词混淆
真题：（2023年浙江卷1月）In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ______ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
答案：the
句意：与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。
解析：本题考查定冠词与零冠词的辨析。空格后的culture为抽象名词，一般情况下抽象名词前用零冠词（如Life is hard.）。但此处culture后跟有介词短语of grassroots Beijingers作后置定语，说明这是“草根北京人的文化”，属于特指范畴，故必须用定冠词the修饰。
易错点：误填零冠词（即漏填the）。
错误原因：考生牢记“抽象名词前不加冠词”的规则，却忽略了特指时抽象名词必须加the。culture单独使用时可泛指“文化”，但一旦被后置定语（of...）或定语从句修饰，就转化为具体特指的概念，需要用the。
避坑指南：抽象名词/物质名词的判断标准：无修饰语→零冠词表泛指；有后置定语/限定性修饰→用the表特指。例如：advice（泛指建议）→ the advice he gave me（他给我的那条建议）。
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ______ first time.
答案：the
句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。
解析：本题考查固定搭配中的定冠词。for the first time是固定短语，意为“第一次”，必须用定冠词the。-1
易错分析：易误填零冠词。考生可能将first time误认为是泛指“首次”，但for the first time是固定结构，the不可或缺。类似固定搭配还有：the same、in the middle of、all the way等。
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
（2024·浙江1月卷） Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions. Then, when you use one section, ______ other stays fresh.
答案：the
句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。
解析：本题考查固定搭配中的定冠词。one...the other意为“（两者中的）一个……另一个……”，必须用定冠词the。
易错分析：易误填an或零冠词。考生可能将other视为泛指“另一个”，但在表示两者中的“另一个”时，必须用the other，这是英语中的固定表达。
变式3：（2022年1月浙江卷）
The tactile (可触) paintings work as a way to show art to ______ blind because we don't see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.
答案：the
句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看：我们用大脑看。
解析：本题考查“the + 形容词”表示一类人的用法。the blind意为“盲人群体”，属于定冠词的特殊用法。
易错分析：易误填零冠词。考生可能认为blind是形容词，形容词前不加冠词。但“the + 形容词”结构可表示一类人（如the rich富人，the poor穷人），此时必须用the。若填零冠词，blind单独使用不符合语法。
四、无词填空之it
高考语法填空的无词填空中，it的考点主要集中于指代与句型。应试时，先看空格位置：若位于句首且后含不定式/从句，考虑形式主语（It is adj. to do...）；若动词后接宾补且缺宾语，考虑形式宾语（find it adj. to do）。若强调谓语部分，考虑强调句型（It is...that）。若句意指代前文同一事物、天气、时间或距离，则填it。无词填空遇it，先分指代后句型。
易错点1：it与that/one的指代混淆
真题：（2025·全国新课标卷）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions. If you want to get a good , you need to find another method.
答案：one
句意：研究小组基于调查做了两份报告，但两份都没有任何有用的建议。如果你想得到一个好的报告，你需要找到另一种方法。
解析：本题考查不定代词one的指代用法。空格处位于get a good之后，需要填入代词指代前文提到的report。此处表示“得到一个好的报告”，但并非特指前文提到的某一具体报告，而是泛指“同类事物中的一个”，故用one。
易错点：混淆it与one的指代功能。
错误原因：考生看到前文有two reports，容易误用it指代“报告”。但it指代的是同类同物（同一个报告），而此处是想获得“另一个好的报告”，属于同类异物（泛指），必须用one。
避坑指南：
it：指上文提到的同一个事物（特指）。如：I bought a book. It is interesting.（同一本书）
one：指上文提到的同类事物中的某一个（泛指）。如：I need a pen. Can you lend me one？（任意一支笔）
that：特指同类事物，常带后置定语。如：The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.（特指南京的天气）
变式1：（2024·浙江1月卷）
Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions. Then, when you use one section, ______ other stays fresh. But if you want a whole new pack, you can buy ______.
A. the; it B. an; one C. the; one D. an; it
答案：C
句意：过去两年里，一些超市开始销售分成两半独立包装的鸡肉或沙拉。这样，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。但如果你想要一个全新的包装，你可以买一个。
解析：第一空考查固定搭配one...the other，必须用定冠词the。第二空考查代词指代：此处a whole new pack是全新的包装，与上文提到的包装是同类但不同物，故用one表泛指。若用it则指代同一个包装，逻辑矛盾。
易错分析：易误选A或B。考生可能忽略the other的固定搭配，或混淆第二空的指代关系。
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools, but the facilities here are not as modern as ______ in those schools.
A. that; that B. that; those C. those; those D. one; ones
答案：B
句意：这所小型学校的教育质量比一些规模更大的学校要好，但这里的设施不如那些学校现代化。
解析：第一空指代不可数名词the quality of education，且有后置定语in some larger schools表特指，故用that。第二空指代复数名词the facilities，且有后置定语in those schools表特指，故用those（相当于the ones）。
易错分析：易误选A（用that指代复数）或C（用those指代单数）。that只能指代单数/不可数名词，those指代复数名词。
变式3：（2023·全国甲卷改编）
—Would you like to buy a car here
—Yes, but I'd like to buy ______ made in Shanghai. The one over there looks nice, but I don't have enough money for ______.
A. one; it B. it; one C. one; one D. it; it
答案：A
句意：——你想在这儿买辆车吗？——是的，但我想买一辆上海制造的。那边那辆看起来不错，但我没有足够的钱买它。
解析：第一空表示“一辆上海制造的车”，是泛指同类事物中的一个，故用one。第二空指代前面提到的The one over there（特指那辆车），是同类同物，故用it。
易错分析：易误选D（两个都用it）。第一空若用it，则表示特指前文提到的某一辆车，但前文a car是泛指，没有具体指代对象。本题完美体现了one（泛指同类）与it（特指同一）的区分。
易错点2：形式主语/宾语滥用或缺失
真题：（2025·全国二卷）Over time, I've found ______ feeling extremely at home in this home and this village.
答案：myself
句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这个家和这个村子里感到极其自在。
解析：本题考查形式宾语（实际上是代词作宾语）的用法。分析句子结构，主语为I，谓语为've found，后面需要一个宾语。空后的feeling extremely at home是现在分词短语作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态。此处应填反身代词myself作宾语，构成"find oneself + 现在分词"结构，意为"发现自己处于某种状态"。如果填形式宾语it，则缺少真正的宾语（不定式或从句），故不正确。
易错分析：易误填it。考生可能机械地认为动词后缺宾语就填it，忽略了此处真正的宾语是反身代词myself，且后接现在分词作宾补。find it + adj. + to do是常见结构，但句中无形容词和不定式，不符合形式宾语的使用条件。
变式1：（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编）
The design features ten steel "sepals" made of glass and aluminium. These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. Many visitors find ______ amazing to watch the sepals open and close with the weather.
答案：it
句意：许多游客发现，观看这些萼片随天气开合是很神奇的。
解析：本题考查形式宾语的用法。句子结构为"find + ___ + adj. (amazing) + to do sth."，真正的宾语是不定式短语to watch the sepals open and close，因此需要用形式宾语it放在宾补之前，真正的宾语后置。
易错分析：易漏填或误填that。考生可能不熟悉形式宾语的固定结构，误以为amazing后直接跟从句。实际上，"find/think/consider/make + it + adj. + to do/that从句"是高频考点，必须用it作形式宾语。
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
The professor made ______ clear to all students that the final exam would cover the entire textbook, not just the first few chapters.
答案：it
句意：教授向所有学生明确表示，期末考试将涵盖整本教科书，而不仅仅是前几章。
解析：本题考查形式宾语的用法。句子结构为"made + ___ + adj. (clear) + that从句"，真正的宾语是后面的that从句，因此需要用形式宾语it放在宾补之前。
易错分析：易误填that或漏填。考生可能将that误认为引导宾语从句，但that已经在从句前出现。此处clear是宾补，真正的宾语是that从句，必须用it作形式宾语。
变式3：（2023·全国乙卷改编）
______ is universally acknowledged that trees are vital to urban life, providing shade, reducing noise, and improving air quality.
答案：It
句意：人们普遍认为，树木对城市生活至关重要，它们提供阴凉、减少噪音、改善空气质量。
解析：本题考查形式主语的用法。句子真正的主语是后面的that从句，因此需要用形式主语It放在句首，真正主语后置。It is + 过去分词 + that从句是常见句型（如It is said/reported/acknowledged that...）。
易错分析：易误填What或As。What引导名词性从句时在从句中作成分，而此处that从句结构完整，不缺成分。As引导定语从句，不符合句式结构。
易错点3：强调句型中的it误用
真题：（2025·全国新课标卷）Was ______ in the library ______ you borrowed the book （根据2021年全国乙卷单选题改编为语法填空语境）
答案：it; that
句意：你是在图书馆借的那本书吗？
解析：本题考查强调句型的一般疑问句形式。强调句的基本结构为"It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分"。本句是一般疑问句，结构为"Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分"。被强调部分是地点状语"in the library"，因此第一空填it，第二空填that。去掉"It was...that..."后，句子还原为"Did you borrow the book in the library "，结构完整。
易错点：误填that或where，或混淆强调句与定语从句。
误填that在第一空：考生可能认为两个空都填that，但强调句必须用it作形式主语。
误填where在第二空：考生看到"in the library"是地点，误以为where引导地点状语从句或定语从句。但本句是强调句型，无论强调什么成分（时间、地点、原因），连接词都只能用that（强调人时可用who）。
避坑指南：判断强调句的黄金法则——去掉"It is/was...that/who"后，剩下的部分是否还是一个完整句子？若是，则为强调句，必须用it和that（或who）。
变式1：（2024·浙江1月卷改编）
It was in the small village ______ they spent their childhood ______ they decided to build a school.
答案：where; that
句意：正是在他们度过童年时代的小村庄里，他们决定建一所学校。
解析：本题综合考查定语从句与强调句型。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词"the small village"，从句"they spent their childhood"缺地点状语，故用where。第二空是强调句型的that，强调地点状语"in the small village where they spent their childhood"。去掉"It was...that..."后，剩下"they decided to build a school in the small village where they spent their childhood"，结构完整。
易错分析：易误填两空均为that。考生可能只看到强调句，忽略中间嵌套的定语从句。需要分层分析：先判断定语从句的关系词，再判断强调句的连接词。
变式2：（2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模）
It was not until midnight ______ they finally reached an agreement.
答案：that
句意：直到半夜他们才最终达成协议。
解析：本题考查"not...until..."结构的强调句型。其固定结构为"It is/was not until + 时间 + that + 其余部分"。注意：until后不能跟否定词，否定已经转移到主句的was not上了。
易错分析：易误填when。考生看到"midnight"是时间，误以为用when引导时间状语从句。但本句是强调句型，强调时间状语"not until midnight"，连接词必须用that。比较：
强调句：It was at midnight that they left.（在半夜离开）
时间状语从句：It was midnight when they left.（他们离开时是半夜）
区别：强调句的it无实际意义，去掉后句子完整；时间状语从句的it指时间，去掉后句子不完整。
变式3：（2023·全国甲卷改编）
—Where was it ______ you picked up the wallet
—It was in the park ______ I was taking a walk.
答案：that; where
句意：——你是在哪里捡到钱包的？——是在我散步的那个公园里。
解析：第一空考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式。结构为"疑问词 + is/was it + that + 其余部分"，被强调部分是疑问词where，连接词必须用that。第二空考查定语从句，先行词"the park"，从句"I was taking a walk"缺地点状语，故用where引导。
易错分析：易误填两空均为that。考生可能认为两句都是强调句，但答句中的"in the park"后跟的是定语从句，修饰park，说明是"哪个公园"。去掉"It was...that..."后，答句剩下"in the park I was taking a walk"，但"in the park"需要介词，说明它不是强调句（强调句去掉后不需要补充介词）。比较：
强调句：It was in the park that I found the wallet.（去掉后：I found the wallet in the park，完整）
定语从句：It was the park where I found the wallet.（去掉后：The park I found the wallet，不完整）
【押题新高考题型一】语法填空无词填空之连词
1. (2025·浙江1月卷)
Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear ______ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes or contributing to landfill.
答案：and
句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。
解析：本题考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，"have something unique to wear"和"are not overstuffing..."是两个并列的谓语动词，由同一个主语"they"发出，且逻辑关系为并列递进，故用and连接。
2. (2024·浙江1月卷)
Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ______ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
答案：or
句意：要么你买的东西太重搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜时就不能使用。
解析：本题考查并列连词固定搭配。"either...or..."是并列连词结构，意为"要么……要么……"，连接两个并列的分句，表示选择关系。
3. (2025·浙江1月卷)
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers.
答案：which
句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱提供给旅行者。
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为"less formal clothing"（指物），关系词在从句中作"package"的宾语，故用关系代词which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4. (2025·广东二调)
The concept, first proposed by Chinese landscape architect Kongjian Yu, uses natural water systems in urban sites to reduce the possibility of flooding, water shortages and the urban heat island effect, and it is now being practised all over the world. Having grown up in rural China, Yu developed an awareness of the seasonal movement of natural waterways and the role of vegetation in regulating their flow. Witnessing the effectiveness of Chinese irrigation networks helped him develop the sponge city philosophy, ______ eventually became part of China's urbanism policy in 2014.
答案：which
句意：目睹中国灌溉网络的有效性帮助他发展出海绵城市理念，这一理念最终在2014年成为中国城市化政策的一部分。
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为"the sponge city philosophy"（指物），关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
5. (2025·皖南八校联考)
In rural China, 25 percent of households still rely on dirty toilets—particularly in water-scarce, frozen regions ______ sewer systems are much too costly, according to the team.
答案：where
句意：根据该团队的说法，在中国农村，25%的家庭仍然依赖不卫生的厕所——尤其是在缺水、严寒、污水系统成本过高的地区。
解析：本题考查限制性定语从句。先行词为"regions"（指地点），从句"sewer systems are much too costly"结构完整，缺地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。
6. (2025·广东广州模考)
Learning a skill can bring quicker results than studying theory, ______ that shouldn't be the only reason. "______ matters most is knowing who you want to become and choosing the right path," as Yufan said.
答案：but; What
句意：学习技能可能比学习理论带来更快的成果，但这不应该是唯一的理由。"最关键的是知道自己想成为什么样的人，并选择正确的道路，"余凡说道。
解析：第一空考查并列连词，前后句为转折关系，故用but。第二空考查主语从句，从句"______ matters most"中缺少主语，且指代事物，故用What引导，在从句中作主语。
7. (2025·广东领航高中联盟)
Other Chinglish can combine sounds and meanings to create humorous phrases. For instance, the popularity of the iPhone in China has led consumers to eagerly purchase one. That's ______ they have called iPhones "iFeng".
答案：why
句意：那就是为什么他们称iPhone为"iFeng"。
解析：本题考查表语从句。从句"they have called iPhones 'iFeng'"结构完整，根据句意，前面"That's"指代原因，故用why引导，表示"这就是……的原因"。
8. (2025·湖北十一校联考)
Influenced by Chinese culture, he now approaches everything with a broader perspective, particularly attaching great value to family. "Cultural exchange is extremely significant because it promotes mutual understanding, and that is ______ essentially the key to achieving peace and harmony," said Wiggin.
答案：what
句意：文化交流极其重要，因为它促进相互理解，而这正是实现和平与和谐的关键。
解析：本题考查表语从句。从句"______ essentially the key to achieving peace and harmony"中缺少表语（the key是表语，但前面缺一个连接词作主语），指代事物，故用what引导，相当于"the thing that"。
9. (2025·湖南雅礼中学月考)
This year, China introduced additional favorable policies to facilitate cross-border travel and attract more foreign visitors. "These visa facilitation measures have encouraged a large number of foreign friends to come to China for tourism and business, ______ boosted inbound consumption, and further enhanced understanding and friendship between people in China and other countries," she said.
答案：and
句意："这些签证便利措施鼓励了大量外国朋友来华旅游和商务，从而促进了入境消费，并进一步增进了中国人民与其他国家人民之间的理解和友谊。"
解析：本题考查并列连词表结果。三个动词"encouraged"、"boosted"、"enhanced"是并列谓语，表示一系列结果，故用and连接。
10. (2025·湖南雅礼中学月考)
From January to June, China recorded a total of 13.64 million visa-free inbound trips made by foreigners, up 53.9 percent year-on-year, Lyu Ning, an official spokeswoman, said on Wednesday. These trips accounted for 71.2 percent of all inbound trips made by foreigners in the first half of the year, ______ Lyu said.
答案：as
句意：这些 trips 占上半年外国人所有入境 trips 的71.2%，正如吕宁所说。
解析：本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句（也可视为方式状语从句）。as指代前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作宾语，意为"正如……一样"。
【押题新高考题型二】无词填空之介词
1.（2025·广东二调）
Forsythia (连翘) is one of the earliest flowers blooming in spring, ______ March and May.
答案：between
句意：连翘是春天最早开花的植物之一，花期在三月和五月之间。
解析：本题考查时间介词。根据句意，连翘的花期介于三月和五月之间，表示两者之间用between。易错填in或during，但in March and May表示“三月和五月内”，不强调起止范围，与语境略有出入。
2.（2025·广东二调）
During July and August it produces fruit, often used ______ traditional Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating ______ some 4,000 years.
答案：in; back
句意：七、八月间结果，常用于中药，这被一些可追溯到约4000年前的最早中医文献所证实。
解析：第一空考查“用于……”的介词，used in traditional Chinese medicine表示“在传统中药中使用”，习惯搭配用in。第二空考查固定短语date back to，意为“追溯到”，此处为dating back作后置定语。
3.（2026·湖南新高考介词专项）
She spoke English ______ a heavy British accent.
答案：with
句意：她说英语带有浓重的英国口音。
解析：本题考查“带有……”的介词固定搭配。表示“带有某种特征、口音、情绪”时，用介词with。易错填in，但in an accent虽也可用，with an accent更常见于强调“伴随特征”。
4.（2025·广东二调）
It is ______ popular plant known ______ its bare branches filled ______ brilliant yellow flowers.
答案：a; for; with
句意：它是一种受欢迎的植物，以其光秃的枝条上开满亮黄色花朵而闻名。
解析：第一空填冠词a，与介词考点无关。第二空考查known for（以……而闻名）固定搭配。第三空考查filled with（充满……）固定搭配。
5.（2025·广东领航高中联盟）
In response ______ supply shortages of Bing Dwen Dwen products, the organizers have coordinated with manufacturers.
答案：to
句意：为了应对冰墩墩产品供应短缺，组织者已与制造商协调。
解析：本题考查固定短语in response to，意为“回应、应对”。易错填of或for，但response后必须接to。
6.（2025·湖南雅礼中学月考）
Achievers is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement.
答案：at
句意：Achievers是一个参与Young Enterprise的组织，并自费提供设施，提供通讯、建议和鼓励。
解析：本题考查固定短语at one's own expense，意为“自费”。这是上海高考真题原题，介词at不可替换。
7.（2026·湖南新高考介词专项）
She goes to school ______ bike every morning, not by bus.
答案：by
句意：她每天早上骑自行车上学，不坐公交。
解析：本题考查交通方式的介词。表示交通工具时，by + 交通工具名词（无冠词）是固定用法，如by bike, by bus, by car。易错填on，但on a bike也可用，但在语法填空中无冠词时只能用by。
8.（2026·湖南新高考介词专项）
She was late for school because ______ the heavy rain.
答案：of
句意：她因大雨上学迟到了。
解析：本题考查原因介词短语。because of是复合介词，后接名词短语，表示“因为”。易错填for或with，但只有because of是标准搭配。
9.（2026届高考英语语法专题）
Dad moved the dinner table ______ the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open.
答案：against
句意：爸爸把餐桌抵住门，以防洪水把门冲开。
解析：本题考查方位介词。根据语境，用桌子“抵住”门，表示“紧靠、抵着”用against。易错填to或by，但against能准确表达“抵御、紧贴”的语义。
10.（2026届高考英语语法专题）
The mother is staring at the coming school bus ______ great concern.
答案：with
句意：母亲带着深深的关切注视着驶来的校车。
解析：本题考查伴随状语的介词。表示“带着某种情绪、表情”做某事，用with + 抽象名词结构，如with great concern（带着深切关心）。
【押题新高考题型三】无词填空之冠词
1.（2025·新高考Ⅰ卷）
Go is one of ______ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy.
答案：the
句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。
解析：本题考查定冠词在形容词最高级前的用法。句型"one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数"是固定结构，表示"最……的之一"，因此最高级earliest前必须加定冠词the。
2.（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ______ first time.
答案：the
句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。
解析：本题考查固定搭配中的定冠词。"for the first time"是固定短语，意为"第一次"，必须用定冠词the。易错填a，但first time在表示"第一次"时只能用the。
3.（2024·浙江1月卷）
Then, when you use one section, ______ other stays fresh.
答案：the
句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。
解析：本题考查固定搭配"one...the other"（两者中的）一个……另一个。表示两者中的"另一个"时，必须用定冠词the。易错填an或零冠词。
4.（2025·1月浙江卷）
The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ______ new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too.
答案：a
句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流行起来。
解析：本题考查不定冠词表泛指。way为可数名词单数，在句中首次出现，表示"一种"方式，属于泛指。new以辅音音素/nju /开头，故填不定冠词a。
5.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）
The meat should be fresh with ______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
答案：a
句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味，汤汁热、清澈且美味。
解析：本题考查固定搭配。"a touch of"是固定短语，意为"一丝、一点点"，后接不可数名词或抽象名词，表示程度或数量。易错填the，但此处是泛指"一丝甜味"。
6.（2026·浙江省台州高三一模）
For the ancient paintings and calligraphy, the mounting methods and restoration techniques are ______ national-level intangible cultural heritage item.
答案：a
句意：对于古代书画，装裱方法和修复技术是一项国家级非物质文化遗产。
解析：本题考查不定冠词a/an的发音辨析。item为可数名词单数，首次提及表泛指，需用不定冠词。national-level以辅音音素/n n l/开头，故用a。易错填an，考生可能误以为n是元音字母，但冠词选择依据发音而非字母。
7.（2023·浙江1月卷）
In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ______ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
答案：the
句意：与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。
解析：本题考查抽象名词被修饰时的特指用法。culture为抽象名词，一般情况下抽象名词前用零冠词。但此处culture后跟有介词短语of grassroots Beijingers作后置定语，说明这是"草根北京人的文化"，属于特指范畴，故必须用定冠词the。
8.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）
Not the pandas, even though ______ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
答案：the
句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。
解析：本题考查特指用法。language后有过去分词短语used for the medical training instructions作后置定语，表示"被用于医学训练指导的语言"，属于特指，故用定冠词the。
9.（2026届高考二轮复习专项）
For Hindus, Diwali is a time ______ charitable giving and selfless service.
答案：for（此处为介词，但冠词考点在于a time的用法）
补充说明：本题原为介词填空，但可改编为冠词考点——若题目为"Diwali is ______ time of charitable giving"，则填a（泛指"一个……的时刻"）。冠词专项训练中需注意：time作"时刻、时期"讲时为可数名词，通常加冠词。
10.（2022·1月浙江卷）
The tactile (可触) paintings work as a way to show art to ______ blind because we don't see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.
答案：the
句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看：我们用大脑看。
解析：本题考查"the + 形容词"表示一类人的用法。the blind意为"盲人群体"，属于定冠词的特殊用法。类似的还有the rich（富人）、the poor（穷人）、the elderly（老年人）等。
【押题新高考题型四】无词填空之it
1.（2026·天津和平区二模）
After months of waiting and wondering about his job application status, ______ suddenly struck her that she should check her email for any updates or notifications.
答案：it
句意：经过几个月对求职状态的等待和疑虑，她突然想到应该查看邮箱看是否有任何更新或通知。
解析：本题考查it作形式主语的用法。分析句子结构可知，that引导的从句是真正的主语，但主语较长，因此需要用it作形式主语放在句首，构成"It struck/hit/occurred to sb. that..."句型，意为"某人突然想到……"。本句中"struck her"已有宾语，缺少形式主语，故填it。
2.（2026·上海宝山区一模）
社区志愿者在共享单车的把手上安装了防风手套，好贴心呀！（汉译英）(It)
答案：It is so considerate/thoughtful of the community volunteers to install windproof gloves on the handles of shared bikes.
句意：社区志愿者在共享单车的把手上安装了防风手套，真是贴心呀！
解析：本题考查it作形式主语的感叹句结构。根据提示词"It"，应使用"It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth."句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。感叹语气用"so"加强。
3.（2025·上海长宁区模拟）
对于职场新人而言，去公司各个部门进行实践，获得全方位的感知，这一点至关重要。（汉译英）(It)
答案：It is essential/vital/crucial for new employees to gain hands-on experience in various departments of the company and acquire a comprehensive understanding.
解析：本题考查it作形式主语的固定句型"It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth."，it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语。根据提示词"It"和"这一点"的指代，需用此结构。
4.（2026·组卷网）
Linda makes ______ a rule to keep a diary every day.
答案：it
句意：琳达养成了每天记日记的习惯。
解析：本题考查it作形式宾语的用法。句子结构为"make + 形式宾语 + 宾补 + 真正的宾语"，真正的宾语是不定式短语"to keep a diary every day"。因此需要用it作形式宾语，放在宾补"a rule"之前。易错填this或that，但只有it可以作形式宾语。
5.（2026·组卷网）
I would appreciate ______, frankly speaking, if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. -3
答案：it
句意：坦率地说，如果货物能尽快送达，我将不胜感激。
解析：本题考查it作形式宾语的固定句型。某些动词（如appreciate, hate, like, dislike, love, depend on, see to）后接if从句或when从句时，通常先用it作形式宾语，再接从句。本句中，真正的宾语是if从句，故用it。
6.（2026·组卷网）
People hate ______ when they are interrupted while working. -3
答案：it
句意：人们讨厌在工作时被打断。
解析：本题考查it作形式宾语的用法。hate/like/dislike等动词后接when从句时，通常先用it作形式宾语，再接when从句。本句中，真正的宾语是when从句，故用it。
7.（2026·高考英语语法专题）
It was only after he went abroad ______ he realized the importance of English.
答案：that
句意：正是在出国之后他才意识到英语的重要性。
解析：本题考查强调句型的连接词。强调句结构为"It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分"。本句强调时间状语"only after he went abroad"，连接词必须用that（强调人时可用who）。去掉"It was...that..."后，句子还原为"Only after he went abroad did he realize the importance of English."，结构完整。
8.（2026·高考英语语法专题）
It was when I read his poems ______ I began to appreciate these buildings' beauty.
答案：that
句意：正是在读他的诗时，我开始欣赏这些建筑的美。
解析：本题考查强调句型的连接词。强调句结构为"It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分"。本句强调时间状语从句"when I read his poems"，连接词必须用that。易错填when，但强调句中无论强调什么成分，连接词都用that（强调人可用who）。
9.（2026·组卷网）
— Oh, dear! We only have 15 minutes to get to the station.
— So terrible! There isn't any taxi around when you want ________.
答案：one
句意：——哦，天哪！我们只有15分钟到车站了。——太糟糕了！当你想打车的时候，周围一辆出租车都没有。
解析：本题实际上考查it与one的辨析，而非it本身。根据上下文，此处需要指代"一辆出租车"，但并非特指前文提到的某辆具体出租车，而是泛指"任何一辆出租车"，属于同类事物中的某一个，故用one。若用it，则表示特指前文提到的那一辆，不符合语境。注意：本题提醒考生，it的指代必须区分"同类同物"与"同类异物"。
10.（2025·天津市滨海新区四模）
______ is important for students ______ good study habits.
答案：It; to develop
句意：对学生来说，养成良好的学习习惯很重要。
解析：本题考查it作形式主语与指代无关的用法。句子真正的主语是"to develop good study habits"，因此第一空用it作形式主语，第二空填不定式to develop。这是"It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth."的基本句型。语篇押题1
Paper-cutting, a traditional Chinese art form, 1.______ (date) back to the 6th century. It 2.______ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009.
Paper-cutting is not only a craft but also a way 3.______ (express) people’s wishes for happiness and good fortune. The patterns are often 4.______ (color) and lively, featuring flowers, animals, and characters from folk tales.
5.______ (make) a paper-cut, you need only paper, scissors, and a knife. However, it requires great 6.______ (patient) and skill. Many young people today are learning this art, 7.______ helps to keep it alive.
In some rural areas, paper-cutting is still 8.______ common sight during festivals. People put them on windows, doors, and walls, 9.______ (add) a festive atmosphere to their homes. It is truly 10.______ art that connects the past with the present.
答案与详解
1.dates
解析：陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2.was listed
解析：时间状语 in 2009 为过去时间；主语 it 与 list 为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态。
3.to express
解析：固定搭配 a way to do sth.（做某事的方式），不定式作后置定语。
4.colorful
解析：and 连接并列形容词，修饰 patterns，故填 color 的形容词形式。
5.To make
解析：此处表目的，用不定式置于句首作目的状语。
6.patience
解析：形容词 great 后接名词，patient 的名词形式为 patience（不可数）。
7.which
解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 which。
8.a
解析：sight 为可数名词单数，表泛指 “一种常见景象”，用不定冠词 a。
9..adding
解析：逗号后无连词，people 与 add 为主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。
10..an
解析：art 此处为可数名词，表泛指 “一门艺术”，且以元音音素开头，用 an。
语篇押题2
Artificial Intelligence (AI) 1.______ (become) an important part of our daily lives in recent years. From smart phones to self-driving cars, AI is changing the way we live and work.
One of the most significant 2.______ (develop) is AI’s ability to learn from data. This is known 3.______ machine learning. Through machine learning, computers can improve their performance 4.______ (gradual) without being explicitly programmed.
AI has also made great progress in 5.______ (understand) human language. Chatbots and voice assistants like Siri and Alexa can now communicate with us 6.______ (natural). However, there are still many challenges 7.______ (face) by AI researchers.
8.______ is believed that AI will continue to develop rapidly in the future. Some people worry that AI may take 9.______ (they) jobs, while others are optimistic about its potential to create new opportunities. 10.______ the future holds, AI is sure to have a profound impact on society.
答案与详解
1.has become
解析：时间状语 in recent years 为现在完成时标志，强调从过去持续到现在的影响。
2.developments
解析：one of 后接可数名词复数，develop 的名词形式为 development，复数加 s。
3.as
解析：固定搭配 be known as（被称为）。
4.gradually
解析：修饰动词 improve，用副词形式。
5.understanding
解析：介词 in 后接动名词作宾语。
6.naturally
解析：修饰动词 communicate，用副词形式。
7.faced
解析：challenges 与 face 为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。
8.It
解析：固定句型 It is believed that...（人们认为……），it 作形式主语。
9.their
解析：修饰名词 jobs，用形容词性物主代词。
10.Whatever
解析：引导让步状语从句，意为 “无论什么”，在从句中作 holds 的宾语。
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