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清单02 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(二)
专题01 动词的语态
1.用法
被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。 只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态, 但注意某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： 如：have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in参加; 不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。情态动词,be going to, be to, be sure to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
Attention！the sign reads as follows. 注意，告示如下。
The cloth doesn’t wash well.这个布料不好洗。
(2)系动词如smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语。
Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
(3)open，close，lock，move，keep等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t 连用。
No matter what he did to the drawer，it wouldn’t open.不论他怎么对付这抽屉，它就是打不开。
(4)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The building needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理。
The poet is really worth reading.这部诗歌的确值得一读。
(5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。be to blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。
The problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out前省略了for me)这道题很难计算。
Who is to blame for the mistake 这个错误应该归咎于谁？
3.主动变为被动时宾语的变化
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
The reporters asked the president some questions.
→The president was asked some questions by the reporters.
→Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
WI heard him say good-bye to his friends.
→He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
【注意】动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。
This dictionary must be taken good care of.
附录:
被动语态的构成(以do为例)
类别 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/ are done was/were done will/shall be done would/ should be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done
1.(2025天津高考第一次)The reading materials ________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
2.(2025天津高考第二次)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。who引导定语从句，先行词是the 23 scientists(复数名词)，关系词who代替先行词在从句中作主语，且与award为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故选B。
3.(2024天津高考第一次)The fence between the two tennis courts ________. Soon children will have enough space for football games.
A. are removed B. is to be removed
C. were to be removed D. was being removed
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：两个网球场之间的栅栏将被拆除。很快孩子们就有足够的空间踢足球了。此处为谓语动词的填入，由第二句中的“will”可知，该句应该用将来时，所以选项中动词不定式可以表示将来，主语The fence和动词remove为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构，结合主语The fence为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选B项。
4.(2024天津高考第一次)This online course ________, but you can still access and use the original version.
A. has updated B. had updated
C. has been updated D. had been updated
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个在线课程已经更新，但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“you can still access and use the original version”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语This online course与谓语update为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。
分清主动被动, 辨析语态 1.看到动词为及物动词, 后面缺少宾语,要想到用被动语态。 2. 主谓关系判断法 如果主语是动作的执行者，与谓语动词为主动关系，用主动语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，与谓语动词为动宾关系，用被动语态。 3.谓语动词性质分析法 判断谓语动词是否具有主动表示被动的性质，如果有则用主动语态； 判断谓语动词是否具有不能用于被动语态的性质若有则用主动语态。
专题02 主谓一致
一.语法一致原则
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词someone，anyone，everyone等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
Someone tells me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job. (不定代词作主语)
Serving the people is my great happiness.(动名词作主语)
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. (从句作主语)
特别注意：(1)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2) what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity. (主语表示单数)
What the school needs are qualified teachers. (主语表示复数)
Many a person thinks it not wise to leave the city I am living in. (many a/more than one＋单数名词)
2.主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as等加名词或代词构成短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(一个人)
Both you and I are teachers. (两个人以上)
The dancer and expert is said to perform in our school on Children’s Day. (一个人)
3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.(指代the men)
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. (指代the boy)
4. “形复意单”名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights(《天方夜谭》)；以及the United Nations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
5. 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
6. 单复数同形的名词，如means，deer，sheep等作主语时，谓语动词单复数要视情况而定。
二.意义一致原则
1. 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“分数/百分数/the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
4.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
三.就近一致原则
1.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only... but also...,not... but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
注意：就近原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句中，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。
Is either Tom or you to be sent to work there
是你还是汤姆要被派去那里工作？
2.由there, here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are many girls having a taste for sweet food, but neither my sister nor I am interested in candies.
1.(2025新高考I 卷)The players’ personalities ________(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,
【答案】are revealed
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
2.(2025新高考II 卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________(be) one of them.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
3.(2025 浙江高考1月)The concept ________(be) certainly not new--men have been renting good suits for decades--but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语为单数“concept”，描述一个广泛事实，应用一般现在时，故填is。
附录：
1.找准主语 看主语是单数还是复数，确定谓语动词的形式。 2.牢记三原则 要记住判断主谓一致的三个原则，注意特殊情况。 3. 综合时态，语态 要与动词的时态和语态综合起来，确定谓语动词的形式。
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
2.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs one satellite” project.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。who引导定语从句，先行词是the 23 scientists(复数名词)，关系词who代替先行词在从句中作主语，且与award为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故选B。
3.(2026届天津市三校联考)Not only many ancient Chinese poems but also the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber ________ to be translated into dozens of foreign languages so far, and great cultural significance ________ to them by people all over the world.
A. have been proved; is attached B. has been proved; are attached
C. have been proved; are attached D. has been proved; is attached
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：不仅许多中国古代诗歌，就连经典小说《红楼梦》也已被证实已被翻译成数十种外语，而且它们在全世界范围内都具有极高的文化价值，受到人们的广泛重视。第一空主语与谓语构成被动关系，且Not only...but also... 谓语动词遵循就近原则，靠近的是 Dream of the Red Chamber(单数)，所以第一空用 has been proved；第二空attach great significance to sth.表示“认为…… 有重要意义”，此处为被动关系，主语是 significance(不可数 / 单数)，用 is attached。故选D。
4.(2026届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一) The historical wooden bridge across the river ________ for over a year due to severe erosion, but the latest report says the restoration ________ and will reopen next month.
A. has been closed; is progressing B. has been closed; had progressed
C. had been closed; has been progressing D. had been closed; was progressing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：河上那座历史悠久的木桥因严重侵蚀已经关闭一年多了，但最新报告称修复工作正在进行，下个月将重新开放。第一空根据时间状语“for over a year”可知，此处用现在完成时，bridge与close是被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用has been closed；第二空表示现阶段正在进行的动作，结合“and will reopen next month”可知，此处用现在进行时，谓语动词为第三人称单数，所以第二空为is progressing。故选A项。
5.(2026届天津市红桥区高三下学期一模)One day I came home and found that a present ________ on the desk: a book called The Art of Procrastination.
A. has been left B. was leaving C. had been left D. had left
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：有一天我回到家，发现桌上留了一份礼物：一本名为《拖延的艺术》的书。分析句子结构可知，found为谓语动词，其后是由that引导的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，a present与leave之间是被动关系，即礼物是被留下的，所以要用被动语态；同时leave这个动作发生在found之前，found是一般过去时，那么leave就是过去的过去，要用过去完成时，过去完成时的被动语态结构是“had + been + 过去分词”。故选C。
6.( 2026届天津市河北区高三年级一模)Over the past two hundred years, each of the Peking Opera masks ________ with unique colours and patterns to help the audience identify the character immediately.
A. is designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. has been designed
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的两百年里，每一张京剧脸谱都被设计成独特的颜色和图案，以帮助观众立刻识别角色。根据时间状语“Over the past two hundred years”可知，此处使用现在完成时，each of the Peking Opera masks和design为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选D。
7.(2026届天津市河北区高三年级一模)The list of recommended books for the literature courses ________ twice according to the new curriculum guidelines since they were officially released last month.
A. were updated B. has been updated C. updated D. have updated
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自从上个月新课程指南正式发布以来，文学课程的推荐书目清单已经根据指南更新了两次。根据“since they were officially released last month”可知，此处需用现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续；且主语The list of recommended books与谓语动词update之间是被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，构成式为have/has been done；又因主语为单数，助动词用has。故选B。
8. (2026届天津市耀华中学高三上学期假前训练)Several pages were found ________ when the book ________ me.
A. missing, returned B. gone, was returned to
C. lost, was returned D. disappeared, was returned to
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词辨析与被动语态。句意：当这本书被归还给我时，发现有几页不见了。根据“Several pages were found _______ ”可知，这里考查find sth. adj，表“发现某东西怎么样”，为固定用法，此处可用missing/gone/lost表示“丢失的、不见的”，disappeared一般不作形容词使用；第二空中，the book和return是被动关系，要用被动语态，且return sth. to sb. 变为被动后是sth. be returned to sb.，且这里时态为一般过去时，因此was returned to符合结构，故选B项。
9.(2026届江苏省江阴市江阴市第二中学第一学期高三1月期末)More shopping centers ________ in our city to promote the local economy in two years.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在两年之后，我市将会建成更多购物中心以促进当地经济。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in two years，应用一般将来时；主语shopping centers与动词build之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。 故选B。
10.(2026届天津市河东区第一学期高三年级期末质量检测)So far many a student ________ that honesty and diligence ________ the key to success.
A. has realized; is B. have realized; are C. has realized; are D. have realized; is
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，许多学生都已经认识到诚实和勤奋是取得成功的关键。第一空many a + 单数名词，谓语动词用单数；第二空honesty and diligence作主语，谓语用复数。故选C。
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026届云南昆明市第一中学高三3月复习诊断)Now more routes ________(develop), including flower-viewing tours, summer retreats and autumn journeys, all of which are popular among senior travelers.
【答案】are being developed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：现在正在开发更多的路线，包括赏花之旅、避暑胜地和秋季之旅，这些都很受老年旅行者的欢迎。develop(开发)是谓语动词，与主语more routes之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Now可知，描述目前正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are being developed。
2.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三下学期联合模拟检测二模)The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal ________(expect) to be no surprise.
【答案】is expected
【详解】考查短语。句意：这个平台让里贝罗能够以极大的自由度来实现自己的梦想，这与餐厅的模式截然不同。在餐厅里，服务是缺乏人情味的，菜单事先就已公布，而且用餐体验通常不会有太多惊喜。短语be expected to do sth.表示“期望做某事”，结合上文the menu is known in advance可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为meal，谓语用单数。故填is expected。
3.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科规范化英语练习)As is ________(advertise), there will be all sorts of paper-cutting at the exhibition.
【答案】advertised
【详解】考查语态。句意：正如宣传的那样，展览上将会有各种各样的剪纸。as(指代整个主句内容)引导非限制定语从句，且在从句中作主语，与advertise是被动关系，空处填过去分词advertised与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填advertised。
4.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试)Known as the “king of paper”, Xuan paper has been recording Chinese culture since it was ________(invent).
【答案】invented
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：被誉为“纸中之王”的宣纸，自被发明以来，一直记录着中国文化。结合句意，it指代“Xuan paper”，与invent之间为被动关系，所以此处使用invent的过去分词形式与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填invented。
5.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01月测试)Then, a small amount of water ________(add), and the pan is covered.
【答案】is added
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：然后，加入少量的水，盖上锅盖。根据is covered可知，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，a small amount of water和add之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，“a small amount of+不可数名词”作主语，be动词应用is。故填is added。
6.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01月测试(二)It was he rather than I that ________(be) to blame.
【答案】was
【详解】考查强调句与主谓一致。句意：应该受到责备的其实是他，而不是我。此处为强调句It was…that…，且rather than连接主语，谓语与前面主语he一致。根据上文was可知为一般过去时。故填was。
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1 Every boy and every girl, as well as teachers who ________ to visit the museum, ________ asked to be at the school gate before 8:30 in the morning.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：每个男孩、每个女孩，还有要去参观博物馆的老师们，都被要求早上 8 点半前在校门口集合。第一空who指代前面的 teachers(复数)，谓语复数are；第二空Every boy and every girl作主语时，谓语用单数，所以用 is。故选B。
2. A new library ________ in our community next year.
A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态与语态。句意：明年我们社区将新建一座图书馆。根据next year可知，这里应用将来时，且主语a new library与谓语动词build是被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态“will be + 过去分词”。故选C项。
3. The ancient temple ________ by workers for nearly a month and it ________ to the public next month.
A. repairs; opens B. is repaired; will open
C. has been being repaired; will be opened D. repaired; was opened
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这座古寺已经被工人们修缮了近一个月，下个月将对公众开放。主语temple和repair是被动关系，结合时间状语for nearly a month可知，此处表动作持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在完成进行时的被动语态；next month表将来，主语it(指代temple)与open是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。
4. The bridge ________ for 50 years, but it is still in good condition.
A. builds B. is built C. has built D. has been built
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这座桥已经建成50年了，但它仍然状况良好。A. builds修建(一般现在时的主动语态)；B. is built被修建(一般现在时的被动语态)；C. has built已修建(现在完成时的主动语态)；D. has been built已被建成(现在完成时的被动语态)。由句意和时间状语“for 50 years”可知，动作或状态从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。主语“The bridge”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has；build的过去分词为built，因此用has been built。故选D项。
5. The results of the exam ________ to the students next Monday.
A. will announce B. will be announced C. announce D. are announced
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：考试结果将于下周一公布给学生。“next Monday”是将来时间，“results”与“announce”是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态，故选B。
6. Rules ________ to keep order in the school, so everyone must follow them.
A. make B. are made C. made D. will be made
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：学校制定规则是为了维持秩序，所以每个人都必须遵守。动词make和主语之间是被动关系，表经常性的被动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
7. The classroom ________ when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was being cleaned D. had been cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意：昨天下午火警响起时，教室正在被打扫。根据时间状语“when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon”可知，句子描述的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，classroom与clean是被动关系，表示教室被打扫，需用被动语态；主语The classroom是单数名词，be动词用was，故选C。
8. The novel ________ by a famous writer in the 1990s and it has been translated into 10 languages.
A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. has been written
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这部小说是一位著名作家在20世纪90年代写的，已被翻译成10种语言。“in the 1990s”是过去时间，“novel”与“write”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The novel，be动词用was，故选C。
9. Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province.
A. have been spent B. were spent C. has been spent D. was spent
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，我省投入了大量的资金来改善公共交通。“large quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论名词是可数还是不可数，谓语动词都用复数形式。根据句中时间状语Over the past five years可知，用现在完成时。故选A。
10. Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us.
A. would observe B. observed C. were observing D. was observing
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致及固定句型。 句意：每个男孩和女孩都正在我们的教室里庆祝 2024 年元旦，这时我们敬爱的校长突然走进教室，向我们传达了最美好的祝愿和期望。空处为主句的谓语动词。此处为固定句型：be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时突然……”，根据entered可知，应用过去进行时。当主语由“every...and every...”结构连接时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。
二. 单句语法填空
1. She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________(follow).
【答案】was being followed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：她匆匆跑回家，一次都没有回头看看她和她的兄弟们是否被跟踪。空处为从句的谓语动词。根据句子“She hurriedly ran home”的语境可知，这里是说她在跑回家的过程中担心自己和兄弟们是否正被人跟踪，所以要用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”。as well as 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语保持一致，本句中前面的主语是 she，是第三人称单数，所以be动词要用was。故填was being followed。
2. What he wants ________(be) a dictionary.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：他想要的是一本字典。“What he wants”是主语从句作主语，句子描述的是现在的情况，用一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is。
3. There ________(be) a book and two pens on the desk.
【答案】is
【详解】考查there be句型的主谓一致。句意：桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，根据there be句型“就近一致”原则，靠近be动词的a book为单数名词短语，因此be动词用单数形式is。故填is。
4. Not only the people of our nation, ________ all the people of the world have profited from his work.
【答案】but
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：不仅我们国家的人民，而且全世界的人民都从他的工作中受益了。句型not only...but (also)...表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
5. At present, many a farm ________(destroy) because of the unsustainable land use and worsening droughts.
【答案】is being destroyed
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：目前，由于不可持续的土地利用和日益严重的干旱，许多农场正在遭到破坏。“many a + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。农场是“被破坏”，且由At present可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。在句中is being destroyed。故填is being destroyed。
6. Tom, together with his pet dog, ________(take) a walk in the park every evening after dinner.
【答案】takes
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：汤姆每天晚饭后都会和他的宠物狗一起在公园里散步。空处为谓语动词，本句的主语为Tom，与take为主动关系，根据时间状语every evening可知，这里应用一般现在时，Tom为第三人称单数。故填takes。
7. The ________(injury) were rushed to the nearby hospital by an ambulance.
【答案】injured
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：伤员被救护车紧急送往附近的医院。此处表示“受伤的人”，需用the injured，the+形容词表示“一类人”，作主语时谓语动词需用复数形式。故填injured。
8. To do this ________(be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这样做就是削足适履。当不定式短语To do this作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is。
9. Tom, together with his classmates, ________(prefer) to explore nature rather than stay at home during vacations.
【答案】prefers
【详解】考查主谓一致与时态。句意：汤姆和他的同学们假期时更喜欢探索自然而不是待在家里。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，together with连接并列主语，使用“就前原则”，即根据主语Tom而定，谓语动词用prefer的第三人称单数形式。故填prefers。
10. However, critics warn that emotion and human connection ________(be) the true soul of opera.
【答案】are
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：然而，批评者们警告称，情感和人与人之间的联系才是歌剧真正的精髓所在。提示词be作从句谓语，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，主语emotion and human connection是复数含义，谓语用复数形式are。故填are。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)清单02 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(二)
专题01 动词的语态
1.用法
被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。 只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态, 但注意某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： 如：have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in参加; 不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。情态动词,be going to, be to, be sure to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
Attention！the sign reads as follows. 注意，告示如下。
The cloth doesn’t wash well.这个布料不好洗。
(2)系动词如smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语。
Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
(3)open，close，lock，move，keep等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t 连用。
No matter what he did to the drawer，it wouldn’t open.不论他怎么对付这抽屉，它就是打不开。
(4)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The building needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理。
The poet is really worth reading.这部诗歌的确值得一读。
(5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。be to blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。
The problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out前省略了for me)这道题很难计算。
Who is to blame for the mistake 这个错误应该归咎于谁？
3.主动变为被动时宾语的变化
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
The reporters asked the president some questions.
→The president was asked some questions by the reporters.
→Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
WI heard him say good-bye to his friends.
→He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
【注意】动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。
This dictionary must be taken good care of.
附录:
被动语态的构成(以do为例)
类别 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/ are done was/were done will/shall be done would/ should be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done
1.(2025天津高考第一次)The reading materials ________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed
2.(2025天津高考第二次)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
3.(2024天津高考第一次)The fence between the two tennis courts ________. Soon children will have enough space for football games.
A. are removed B. is to be removed
C. were to be removed D. was being removed
4.(2024天津高考第一次)This online course ________, but you can still access and use the original version.
A. has updated B. had updated
C. has been updated D. had been updated
分清主动被动, 辨析语态 1.看到动词为及物动词, 后面缺少宾语,要想到用被动语态。 2. 主谓关系判断法 如果主语是动作的执行者，与谓语动词为主动关系，用主动语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，与谓语动词为动宾关系，用被动语态。 3.谓语动词性质分析法 判断谓语动词是否具有主动表示被动的性质，如果有则用主动语态； 判断谓语动词是否具有不能用于被动语态的性质若有则用主动语态。
专题02 主谓一致
一.语法一致原则
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词someone，anyone，everyone等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
Someone tells me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job. (不定代词作主语)
Serving the people is my great happiness.(动名词作主语)
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. (从句作主语)
特别注意：(1)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2) what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity. (主语表示单数)
What the school needs are qualified teachers. (主语表示复数)
Many a person thinks it not wise to leave the city I am living in. (many a/more than one＋单数名词)
2.主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as等加名词或代词构成短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(一个人)
Both you and I are teachers. (两个人以上)
The dancer and expert is said to perform in our school on Children’s Day. (一个人)
3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.(指代the men)
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. (指代the boy)
4. “形复意单”名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights(《天方夜谭》)；以及the United Nations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
5. 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
6. 单复数同形的名词，如means，deer，sheep等作主语时，谓语动词单复数要视情况而定。
二.意义一致原则
1. 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“分数/百分数/the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
4.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
三.就近一致原则
1.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only... but also...,not... but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
注意：就近原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句中，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。
Is either Tom or you to be sent to work there
是你还是汤姆要被派去那里工作？
2.由there, here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are many girls having a taste for sweet food, but neither my sister nor I am interested in candies.
1.(2025新高考I 卷)The players’ personalities ________(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,
2.(2025新高考II 卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________(be) one of them.
3.(2025 浙江高考1月)The concept ________(be) certainly not new--men have been renting good suits for decades--but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
附录：
1.找准主语 看主语是单数还是复数，确定谓语动词的形式。 2.牢记三原则 要记住判断主谓一致的三个原则，注意特殊情况。 3. 综合时态，语态 要与动词的时态和语态综合起来，确定谓语动词的形式。
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed
2.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs one satellite” project.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
3.(2026届天津市三校联考)Not only many ancient Chinese poems but also the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber ________ to be translated into dozens of foreign languages so far, and great cultural significance ________ to them by people all over the world.
A. have been proved; is attached B. has been proved; are attached
C. have been proved; are attached D. has been proved; is attached
4.(2026届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一) The historical wooden bridge across the river ________ for over a year due to severe erosion, but the latest report says the restoration ________ and will reopen next month.
A. has been closed; is progressing B. has been closed; had progressed
C. had been closed; has been progressing D. had been closed; was progressing
5.(2026届天津市红桥区高三下学期一模)One day I came home and found that a present ________ on the desk: a book called The Art of Procrastination.
A. has been left B. was leaving C. had been left D. had left
6.( 2026届天津市河北区高三年级一模)Over the past two hundred years, each of the Peking Opera masks ________ with unique colours and patterns to help the audience identify the character immediately.
A. is designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. has been designed
7.(2026届天津市河北区高三年级一模)The list of recommended books for the literature courses ________ twice according to the new curriculum guidelines since they were officially released last month.
A. were updated B. has been updated C. updated D. have updated
8. (2026届天津市耀华中学高三上学期假前训练)Several pages were found ________ when the book ________ me.
A. missing, returned B. gone, was returned to
C. lost, was returned D. disappeared, was returned to
9.(2026届江苏省江阴市江阴市第二中学第一学期高三1月期末)More shopping centers ________ in our city to promote the local economy in two years.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
10.(2026届天津市河东区第一学期高三年级期末质量检测)So far many a student ________ that honesty and diligence ________ the key to success.
A. has realized; is B. have realized; are C. has realized; are D. have realized; is
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026届云南昆明市第一中学高三3月复习诊断)Now more routes ________(develop), including flower-viewing tours, summer retreats and autumn journeys, all of which are popular among senior travelers.
2.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三下学期联合模拟检测二模)The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal ________(expect) to be no surprise.
3.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科规范化英语练习)As is ________(advertise), there will be all sorts of paper-cutting at the exhibition.
4.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试)Known as the “king of paper”, Xuan paper has been recording Chinese culture since it was ________(invent).
5.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01月测试)Then, a small amount of water ________(add), and the pan is covered.
6.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01月测试(二)It was he rather than I that ________(be) to blame.
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1 Every boy and every girl, as well as teachers who ________ to visit the museum, ________ asked to be at the school gate before 8:30 in the morning.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
2. A new library ________ in our community next year.
A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built
3. The ancient temple ________ by workers for nearly a month and it ________ to the public next month.
A. repairs; opens B. is repaired; will open
C. has been being repaired; will be opened D. repaired; was opened
4. The bridge ________ for 50 years, but it is still in good condition.
A. builds B. is built C. has built D. has been built
5. The results of the exam ________ to the students next Monday.
A. will announce B. will be announced C. announce D. are announced
6. Rules ________ to keep order in the school, so everyone must follow them.
A. make B. are made C. made D. will be made
7. The classroom ________ when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was being cleaned D. had been cleaned
8. The novel ________ by a famous writer in the 1990s and it has been translated into 10 languages.
A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. has been written
9. Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province.
A. have been spent B. were spent C. has been spent D. was spent
10. Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us.
A. would observe B. observed C. were observing D. was observing
二. 单句语法填空
1. She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________(follow).
2. What he wants ________(be) a dictionary.
3. There ________(be) a book and two pens on the desk.
4. Not only the people of our nation, ________ all the people of the world have profited from his work.
5. At present, many a farm ________(destroy) because of the unsustainable land use and worsening droughts.
6. Tom, together with his pet dog, ________(take) a walk in the park every evening after dinner.
7. The ________(injury) were rushed to the nearby hospital by an ambulance.
8. To do this ________(be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
9. Tom, together with his classmates, ________(prefer) to explore nature rather than stay at home during vacations.
10. However, critics warn that emotion and human connection ________(be) the true soul of opera.
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