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清单03 非谓语动词(主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语)
(一)
专题01 非谓语动词作主语、表语
一.非谓语动词作主语(动名词，动词不定式)
1.常用it为形式主语，动名词作主语的句型:
It is/was no use/good+doing sth.;
It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.;
It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.;
It is/was useless doing sth.
It’s a waste of time doing sth.
It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
It is no good trying that method, because it won’t work.
2.常用it为形式主语，动词不定式作主语的句型:
It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth. 若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
(2019 天津6月卷 4)________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:学会批判性地思考是今天的孩子为了将来需要的重要能力。根据句意和句子结构可知。Learning to think critically在此处作主语。非谓语动词作主语用动词不定式和动词的-ing形式。因为此处强调的是客观情况不是指动作已发生,所以排除D选C。
二.非谓语动词作表语
动名词 表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作
动词不定式 多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句
现在分词 令人……的
过去分词 人感到……的
My dream is to enter Peking University.
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together.
The radiation of nuclear bombing is terrifying.
(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.
【答案】closed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处stays是系动词,structure和close(关闭)之间是被动关系,所以填过去分词。故填closed。
专题02 非谓语动词作宾语、宾语补足语
一.非谓语作宾语
1. 不定式作宾语
(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend, offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help
My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
记忆口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
(2)动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
(3)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2.动名词作宾语
只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。
My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
They had no choice but to wait here.他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。
记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想；避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免。
附录：
下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
【温馨提示】在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。
Your hair needs to be cut.＝Your hair needs cutting.你的头发需要剪掉。
1.(2025新高考I 卷)We hope ________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
【答案】to present
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
2.(2025浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solutions to one-time event dressing.
【答案】to rent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中动词 offers 后接不定式，表示“提供……供租用”，故填to rent。
3.(2025浙江1月卷)I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend
【答案】returning
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“这并不总是意味着周一归还衣服”可知，应使用固定搭配mean doing sth.，表示“意味着做某事”，return在此用动名词形式，作动词mean的宾语，故填returning。
二.非谓语作宾语补足语
1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。
see＋宾语＋
【温馨提示】“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。
2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。
①make＋宾语＋
②let＋宾语＋
③have＋宾语＋
④get＋宾语＋
⑤leave
⑥keep
⑦find
【温馨提示】
(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。
(2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.
他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
3.with复合结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生
【温馨提示】
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝
(2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：
sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth
1.(2025天津高考第二次)With robots ________ various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency.
A. to perform B. to be performed C. performing D. being performed
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着机器人执行各种工业任务，工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系，应现在分词表主动。故选C项。
2.(2025天津高考第一次)The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year.
A. to carry out B. carrying out C. being carried out D. carried out
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室，老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构，construction project与carry out之间是被动关系，即项目“被实施”，强调被动和完成的意义，应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故选D。
3.(2025北京高考)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________(scare).
【答案】scared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。have sb. done表示“使某人被……”，someone与scare之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
附录：非谓语动词的形式与功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √
确定谓语动词与非谓语动词 一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词；谓语动词要考虑时态，语态和主谓一致等。 如果在句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或者从属连词)的时候，则所给动词一定要用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词形式需要确定是现在分词形式，过去分词形式，不定式形式还是动名词形式。 2.确定形式 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用doing, 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用done;, 3.确定时态 表示将来的动作：to do/ to be done; 表示正在发生的动作：doing/ being done; 表示完成的动作：done/ having done/ having been done.
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026·天津滨海新区·一模)________ to classical works of literature from an early age is likely to develop a student’s ability of logical thinking and aesthetic appreciation.
A. Being exposed B. Exposing C. Exposed D. To expose
【答案】A
【详解】考查动名词的被动语态。句意：在幼年时期就接触经典文学作品，很可能会培养出学生的逻辑思维能力和审美鉴赏能力。空处作主语，且表示被动“被暴露于，接触”，用动名词的被动语态being exposed，句首单词，首字母大写。故选A。
2.(2026高三上·天津滨海新·月考)________ by the teacher to leave the classroom made him feel ashamed.
A. Asked B. Being asked C. Having asked D. To have asked
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被老师叫出教室(这件事)让他感到羞愧。此处作主语，用动名词形式，且ask与him构成被动关系，故用being done形式。故选B。
3.(2026·天津滨海新区·一模)After ________ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists ________ in the disaster region.
A. being struck, were trapped B. struck, having been trapped
C. being struck, trapped D. having been struck ; were trapped
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受特大暴雨袭击后，河南省景区受损严重，许多游客被困在灾区。第一空after是介词，后面要接动名词作宾语，strike(侵袭，袭击)与其逻辑主语Henan province之间是被动关系，要用动名词的被动式being struck；第二空是独立主格结构：逻辑主语tourists和trap是被动关系，即游客被困，用过去分词 trapped，故选C。
4.(2026·天津蓟州·一模)Depend on it! We won’t have the driver ________ away with knocking down the old man. We will find him one day.
A. getting B. get C. got D. to get
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：放心吧！我们不会让那个司机撞倒老人后逍遥法外的，总有一天我们会找到他。have sb doing sth常与can’t或won’t连用，表达“不可容忍某人做某事”。故选A。
5.(2026高三上·天津河北·期末)Upon entering the Louvre, visitors were excited to see the Winged Victory of Samothrace ________, with lights and cameras set up all around it for a documentary.
A. filmed B. filming C. to be filmed D. being filmed
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：进入卢浮宫后，游客们兴奋地看到萨莫色雷斯的胜利女神像正在被拍摄，其周围为了拍摄一部纪录片架起了灯光和相机。句中存在固定结构see sb/sth doing sth，意为“看到某人/某物正在做某事”，本句中the Winged Victory of Samothrace与film“拍摄”之间是被动关系，且拍摄的动作在游客看到时正在进行，因此需用现在分词的被动式作宾语补足语。故选D。
6.(2026高三上·天津南开·期末)The little boy was noticed ________ English words aloud when his mother passed by his room early in the morning.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. having read
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：清晨，他的妈妈经过小男孩的房间时，注意到他正在大声朗读英语单词。分析句子可知，notice是感官动词，固定用法notice sb. doing sth.，意为“注意到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，现在分词作宾语补足语，本句为被动语态，此处为现在分词作主语补足语。 故填B。
7.(2026·天津·一模)In the age of digital communication, it has become easier than ever to keep each other ________ across borders.
A. to update B. updating C. updated D. being updated
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在数字通信时代，让跨地域的彼此保持信息更新变得比以往任何时候都更容易。 句中已有谓语动词has become，空处用非谓语动词，update和each other之间为被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故选C。
8.(2026·天津滨海新区·一模)With various cultural activities being held, we found our city life more colorful and ________ with traditional Chinese culture.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着各种文化活动的举办，我们发现城市生活更加多姿多彩，充满了中国传统文化。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语动词，our city life与fill为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，且(be) filled with，表“充满……”，为固定搭配。故选A项。
9.(2026高三上·天津·期末)With more online resources ________ by students, the library has provided better guidance for their learning.
A. using B. to use C. used D. being used
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着更多在线资源被学生使用，图书馆为他们的学习提供了更好的指导。此处online resources与use是被动关系，且动作已经发生或持续存在，需用过去分词used作宾补，故选C。
10.(2026高三上·天津滨海新·月考)With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view.
A. stood; focusing B. standing; focusing C. standing; focused D. stood; focused
【答案】C
【详解】考查with复合结构和非谓语动词。句意：看着远处矗立的群山和头顶飞过的成群鸟儿，我不禁将目光定格在这令人惊叹的景色上。分析句子可知，第一个空：为With复合结构(With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语)。宾语是 mountains(山)，动词是stand(矗立)。山是主动矗立的，因此要用现在分词形式表示主动。第二个空：为have sth. done(让某事被做/让某物处于某种状态)。宾语是 my eyes(我的眼睛)，动词是 focus(聚焦)。我们通常说“眼睛被聚焦在……上”或者“视线集中在……上”，在英语习惯搭配中，focus one’s eyes on sth.的被动形式是have one’s eyes focused on sth.。这里强调的是眼睛处于“被定格/聚焦”在美景上的状态。故选C项。
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)________(take) a spring outing during Qingming is a time-honored custom.
【答案】Taking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：清明时节春游是一项历史悠久的习俗。空处作句子主语，需用动名词形式，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Taking。
2.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)In the past, the people of China believed that after sheltering indoors during winter, both body and heart need ________(refresh) by the embrace of spring, and a walk close to nature would be beneficial for their health.
【答案】refreshing/to be refreshed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过去，中国人认为冬天待在室内后，身心都需要被春天的怀抱所焕新，亲近自然的散步对他们的健康有益。need此处为实义动词，need doing sth./need to be done“需要被……”为固定搭配。故填refreshing/to be refreshed。
3.(2026届安徽芜湖市无为中学等校下学期高三3月考试)What impresses the scholars most is Zou’s four-piece set, with one ________(collect) by the British Museum.
【答案】collected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最让学者们印象深刻的是邹英姿的四件套作品，其中一件被大英博物馆收藏。此处为with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，one指代one piece，与动词collect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词collected作宾语补足语。故填collected。
4.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)The festival is not merely an endpoint but rather a starting point for sustained development, the target of which is ________(continue) building and strengthening the cultural brand,
【答案】to continue
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该节日绝非终点，而是可持续发展的起点。其目标是持续打造并做强文化品牌，进而进一步将艺术之美与公共空间深度融合，以显著提升城市文化活力、优化商业体验，最终推动文化与商业的共生共荣。此处应用不定式作表语，说明target的具体内容。故填to continue。
5.(2026届江苏扬州市广陵区扬州市新华中学高三3月考前适应性练习二)Opportunities for asymmetrical (不对称) relationships has mushroomed in the internet era over the past few years, with social media and now artificial intelligence ________(take) a niche(小众的) academic term into the mainstream.
【答案】taking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去几年的互联网时代，不对称关系的机会大幅增加，社交媒体和如今的人工智能将这个学术术语带入了大众视野。此处是with复合结构，social media and now artificial intelligence和take之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故填taking。
6.(2025-2026陕西西安思源中学第二学期4月质检)It provides the audience with more choices and fun, allowing them ________(take) advantage of their fragmentary(碎片的) time.
【答案】to take
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它为观众提供了更多的选择和乐趣，让他们能够利用好自己的碎片时间。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to take。
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. It’s important ________ English well if you want to communicate with foreigners.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你想和外国人交流，学好英语很重要。此处为固定句型“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式，所以此处使用动词不定式形式作主语。故选B。
2. My brother likes ________ basketball after school, but today he wants ________ football with his classmates.
A. play; to play B. playing; play C. playing; to play D. to play; playing
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我哥哥喜欢放学后打篮球，但今天他想和同学踢足球。like doing sth.表示长期爱好，第一空用动名词playing作宾语；want to do sth.是固定搭配，第二空用不定式作宾语。故选C项。
3. The teacher warned us ________ ________ noise in the reading room.
A. not make; too much B. not to make; too much
C. not to make; much too D. not make; much too
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词不定式和固定短语辨析。句意：老师警告我们不要在阅览室里制造太多噪音。由于warn sb. not to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“警告某人不要做某事”，第一空填not to make，排除AD；在剩余两项中，too much表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词，much too表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词，空后的noise是不可数名词，要用too much。故选B。
4. He is often listened to ________ English songs, but this time we had him ________ a Russian song.
A. to sing, sing B. to sing, to sing C. sing, to sing D. sing, sing
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们经常听他唱英语歌，但这次我们让他唱了一首俄语歌。空1处listen to 用于被动，后面的不定式作主语补足语时，不定式符号不能省略；空2处have sb. do sth.，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
5. ________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词之动名词作主语。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，此处用动名词作主语。故选C项。
6. What worried the child most was ________ to visit his brother in hospital.
A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让这个孩子最担心的是他不被允许去医院看望他的哥哥。该句中What worried the child most是主语从句，was是系动词，所以此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意，此处描述的是抽象，一般性的行为，所以使用动名词形式，结合句意，allow与the child之间是被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式being allowed，动名词的否定是在其前加 not，所以being allowed的否定形式是“not being allowed”，his是动名词的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构“his not being allowed”，表示“他不被允许”。故选A项。
7. ________ the meeting himself gave the public a great deal of encouragement, instantly boosting the stock market.
A. The president attending B. The president had attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
【答案】D
【详解】考查动名词的复合结构。句意：总统亲自参加会议这一行为给了公众极大的鼓舞，立即提振了股市。分析句子结构可知，空处应填入能充当主语的成分。The president’s attending (名词所有格 + 动名词) 是动名词的复合结构，可在句中作主语。故填 D。
8. We noticed a little girl ________ alone at the bus stop when we went home yesterday.
A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天我们回家时，注意到一个小女孩正在公交车站独自等待。此处为“notice+宾语+宾补”结构，非谓语动词作宾语补足语，动词wait与宾语a little girl是主动关系，且结合语境“回家时”可知动作正在进行，应使用现在分词形式。故选B项。
9. After the country won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school.
A. to be encouraged B. having been encouraged
C. encouraged D. encouraging
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家赢得独立后，非常重视扩大教育，鼓励女孩和男孩上学。结合句中“with girls as well as boys”可知句子使用with的复合结构，girls as well as boys与encourage之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故选C。
10. With the situation ________ urgent, the expert advocates that the government ________ more on green energy.
A. becoming; invests B. becomes; invest
C. becoming; invest D. became; should invest
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。句意：随着形势的日益紧迫，这位专家主张政府加大对绿色能源的投资。“With the situation ________ urgent”是With复合结构作状语，宾语the situation和动词become之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。第二空在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，主语谓语动词是advocates“主张”，表示建议、命令、要求、主张等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should)+动词原形”，should可省略，所以第二空用(should) invest。故选C。
二. 单句语法填空
1. Years later, according to accounts from local herders, Green, now a pack leader, was seen ________(return) the red ribbon Li used to bandage his cub’s injured paw.
【答案】returning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年后，据当地牧民的描述，如今已是狼群首领的格林被看到叼回了当年李微漪用来包扎它幼崽受伤爪子的红丝带。此处为固定结构be seen doing sth.，表示“被看见正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。故填returning。
2. ________(have) a growth mindset means believing your abilities can be developed through hard work.
【答案】Having
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有成长型思维模式意味着相信通过努力工作，个人的能力是可以得到提升的。空处作主语，表示一般性、概念性的动作，应用动名词形式，首字母应大写，故填Having。
3. Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself ________(stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well.
【答案】stuck
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海滩或河岸上发现的流沙是一种隐藏的危险，每年都会困住数十人。如果你发现自己被困在其中，避免让他人帮忙，因为这可能也会导致他们被困。此处在句中作宾补，宾语为yourself，与stick之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词stuck作宾补，故填stuck。
4. According to official data, international tourist arrivals into Shanghai were up nearly 40 percent in the first half of 2025, with the largest numbers of travelers ________(come) from South Korea, Thailand and Japan.
【答案】coming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：官方数据显示，2025年上半年上海的国际游客数量增长近40%，其中韩国、泰国和日本的游客占比最高。此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，come from“来自”和the largest numbers of travelers逻辑上是主动关系，因此用come的现在分词形式。故填coming。
5. I used ________(play) basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn.
【答案】to play
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我过去常常在布鲁克林的校园里打篮球。“used to do sth.”，是固定短语，意为“过去常常做某事”，因此空格处需填动词不定式to play，符合语境。故填to play。
6. While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
【答案】promoted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在等待着被提拔的机会的时候，Henry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。固定搭配“get+动词的过去分词”， get promoted意为“获得提拔”。故填promoted。
7. Smoking not only harms others’ health, but also is ________(commit) suicide slowly.
【答案】committing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吸烟不但危害他人健康，而且也是慢性自杀。根据句子主语Smoking、所给动词commit以及空前is可知，此处应用动名词committing。Smoking是动名词作主语，committing suicide是动名词短语作表语。故填committing。
8. In orbit, the three astronauts — Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze — completed a range of tasks, including collecting fruit flies, ________(empty) their culture containers and organizing samples.
【答案】emptying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在轨道上，三名宇航员蔡旭哲、宋令东和王浩泽完成了一系列任务，包括收集果蝇、清空它们的培养容器以及整理样本。including为介词，后接动名词形式作宾语，与collecting和organizing并列，empty的动名词形式是emptying，故填emptying。
9. Fueled by government support that enables a new generation ________(explore) living heritage, traditional crafts are entering a new stage of prosperity.
【答案】to explore
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在政府支持的推动下，新一代人得以探索这些活态文化遗产，传统工艺正迈入繁荣发展的新阶段。此处是固定搭配enable sb. to do sth.，意为“使某人能够做某事”，需用动词不定式to explore作宾语补足语。故填to explore。
10. “My dream is ________(make) Chinese fast food — like beef noodles — just as popular and widespread as other food.” He said.
【答案】to make
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“我的梦想是让中国快餐——比如牛肉面——像其他食物一样受欢迎和普及。”他说。此处作表语，说明主语“dream”的具体内容，应用不定式to make，故填to make。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)清单03 非谓语动词(主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语)
(一)
专题01 非谓语动词作主语、表语
一.非谓语动词作主语(动名词，动词不定式)
1.常用it为形式主语，动名词作主语的句型:
It is/was no use/good+doing sth.;
It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.;
It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.;
It is/was useless doing sth.
It’s a waste of time doing sth.
It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
It is no good trying that method, because it won’t work.
2.常用it为形式主语，动词不定式作主语的句型:
It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth. 若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
(2019 天津6月卷 4)________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
二.非谓语动词作表语
动名词 表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作
动词不定式 多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句
现在分词 令人……的
过去分词 人感到……的
My dream is to enter Peking University.
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together.
The radiation of nuclear bombing is terrifying.
(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.
专题02 非谓语动词作宾语、宾语补足语
一.非谓语作宾语
1. 不定式作宾语
(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend, offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help
My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
记忆口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
(2)动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
(3)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2.动名词作宾语
只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。
My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
They had no choice but to wait here.他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。
记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想；避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免。
附录：
下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
【温馨提示】在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。
Your hair needs to be cut.＝Your hair needs cutting.你的头发需要剪掉。
1.(2025新高考I 卷)We hope ________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
2.(2025浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solutions to one-time event dressing.
3.(2025浙江1月卷)I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend
二.非谓语作宾语补足语
1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。
see＋宾语＋
【温馨提示】“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。
2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。
①make＋宾语＋
②let＋宾语＋
③have＋宾语＋
④get＋宾语＋
⑤leave
⑥keep
⑦find
【温馨提示】
(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。
(2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.
他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
3.with复合结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生
【温馨提示】
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝
(2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：
sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth
1.(2025天津高考第二次)With robots ________ various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency.
A. to perform B. to be performed C. performing D. being performed
2.(2025天津高考第一次)The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year.
A. to carry out B. carrying out C. being carried out D. carried out
3.(2025北京高考)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________(scare).
附录：非谓语动词的形式与功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √
确定谓语动词与非谓语动词 一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词；谓语动词要考虑时态，语态和主谓一致等。 如果在句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或者从属连词)的时候，则所给动词一定要用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词形式需要确定是现在分词形式，过去分词形式，不定式形式还是动名词形式。 2.确定形式 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用doing, 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用done;, 3.确定时态 表示将来的动作：to do/ to be done; 表示正在发生的动作：doing/ being done; 表示完成的动作：done/ having done/ having been done.
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026·天津滨海新区·一模)________ to classical works of literature from an early age is likely to develop a student’s ability of logical thinking and aesthetic appreciation.
A. Being exposed B. Exposing C. Exposed D. To expose
2.(2026高三上·天津滨海新·月考)________ by the teacher to leave the classroom made him feel ashamed.
A. Asked B. Being asked C. Having asked D. To have asked
3.(2026·天津滨海新区·一模)After ________ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists ________ in the disaster region.
A. being struck, were trapped B. struck, having been trapped
C. being struck, trapped D. having been struck ; were trapped
4.(2026·天津蓟州·一模)Depend on it! We won’t have the driver ________ away with knocking down the old man. We will find him one day.
A. getting B. get C. got D. to get
5.(2026高三上·天津河北·期末)Upon entering the Louvre, visitors were excited to see the Winged Victory of Samothrace ________, with lights and cameras set up all around it for a documentary.
A. filmed B. filming C. to be filmed D. being filmed
6.(2026高三上·天津南开·期末)The little boy was noticed ________ English words aloud when his mother passed by his room early in the morning.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. having read
7.(2026·天津·一模)In the age of digital communication, it has become easier than ever to keep each other ________ across borders.
A. to update B. updating C. updated D. being updated
8.(2026·天津滨海新区·一模)With various cultural activities being held, we found our city life more colorful and ________ with traditional Chinese culture.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
9.(2026高三上·天津·期末)With more online resources ________ by students, the library has provided better guidance for their learning.
A. using B. to use C. used D. being used
10.(2026高三上·天津滨海新·月考)With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view.
A. stood; focusing B. standing; focusing C. standing; focused D. stood; focused
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)________(take) a spring outing during Qingming is a time-honored custom.
2.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)In the past, the people of China believed that after sheltering indoors during winter, both body and heart need ________(refresh) by the embrace of spring, and a walk close to nature would be beneficial for their health.
3.(2026届安徽芜湖市无为中学等校下学期高三3月考试)What impresses the scholars most is Zou’s four-piece set, with one ________(collect) by the British Museum.
4.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)The festival is not merely an endpoint but rather a starting point for sustained development, the target of which is ________(continue) building and strengthening the cultural brand,
5.(2026届江苏扬州市广陵区扬州市新华中学高三3月考前适应性练习二)Opportunities for asymmetrical (不对称) relationships has mushroomed in the internet era over the past few years, with social media and now artificial intelligence ________(take) a niche(小众的) academic term into the mainstream.
6.(2025-2026陕西西安思源中学第二学期4月质检)It provides the audience with more choices and fun, allowing them ________(take) advantage of their fragmentary(碎片的) time.
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. It’s important ________ English well if you want to communicate with foreigners.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
2. My brother likes ________ basketball after school, but today he wants ________ football with his classmates.
A. play; to play B. playing; play C. playing; to play D. to play; playing
3. The teacher warned us ________ ________ noise in the reading room.
A. not make; too much B. not to make; too much
C. not to make; much too D. not make; much too
4. He is often listened to ________ English songs, but this time we had him ________ a Russian song.
A. to sing, sing B. to sing, to sing C. sing, to sing D. sing, sing
5. ________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
6. What worried the child most was ________ to visit his brother in hospital.
A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
7. ________ the meeting himself gave the public a great deal of encouragement, instantly boosting the stock market.
A. The president attending B. The president had attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
8. We noticed a little girl ________ alone at the bus stop when we went home yesterday.
A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited
9. After the country won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school.
A. to be encouraged B. having been encouraged
C. encouraged D. encouraging
10. With the situation ________ urgent, the expert advocates that the government ________ more on green energy.
A. becoming; invests B. becomes; invest
C. becoming; invest D. became; should invest
二. 单句语法填空
1. Years later, according to accounts from local herders, Green, now a pack leader, was seen ________(return) the red ribbon Li used to bandage his cub’s injured paw.
2. ________(have) a growth mindset means believing your abilities can be developed through hard work.
3. Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself ________(stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well.
4. According to official data, international tourist arrivals into Shanghai were up nearly 40 percent in the first half of 2025, with the largest numbers of travelers ________(come) from South Korea, Thailand and Japan.
5. I used ________(play) basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn.
6. While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
7. Smoking not only harms others’ health, but also is ________(commit) suicide slowly.
8. In orbit, the three astronauts — Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze — completed a range of tasks, including collecting fruit flies, ________(empty) their culture containers and organizing samples.
9. Fueled by government support that enables a new generation ________(explore) living heritage, traditional crafts are entering a new stage of prosperity.
10. “My dream is ________(make) Chinese fast food — like beef noodles — just as popular and widespread as other food.” He said.
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