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清单04 非谓语动词(定语,状语)(二)
专题01 非谓语动词作定语
一. 不定式作定语(to do, to be done)
1.当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
2.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
【温馨提示】在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。
Would you please give me some paper to write on 请你给我一些能写的纸张吗？
The shopping mall is a good place to go. 购物中心是一个好的去处。
二. 分词作定语(doing, being done, done)
动词-ing形式作定语(doing, being done) 及物动词作后置定语，当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”。不及物动词作定语，表示动作正在进行。
动词-ed形式作定语(done) 及物动词作后置定语，当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
【易混辨析】
不及物动词的分词形式作定语 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
动名词作定语(说明被修饰词的用途或目的) a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车
1.(2026天津高考第二次)Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite ________ to track solar storms.
A. designed B. designing C. to design D. having designed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国的工程师们将建造一颗新的卫星，该卫星旨在监测太阳风暴。此处design与satellite构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选A。
2.(2024天津高考第一次)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire ________ new places.
A. to discover B. to be discovering
C. to be discovered D. to have discovered
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者，人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”，与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用to discover作desire的后置定语。故选A。
3.(2023天津高考第二次)The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly ________ from Europe and China.
A. originating B. originated
C. being originated D. having originated
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰fine clocks，且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故选A。
4.(2023天津高考第一次)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public.
A. posting B. to post
C. posted D. to be posted
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词、句意：这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上，已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。
5.(2025新高考II卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
【答案】to discover
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。
6.(2025新高考II卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】left
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。
专题02 非谓语动词作状语
一. 不定式作状语
目的状语 为了……， 可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
结果状语 常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
原因状语 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。
【温馨提示】形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
二. 分词作状语
时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句；原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句；条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句；结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus；方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句；让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
【易混辨析】动词不定式和动词-ing作结果状语
动词不定式 表示意想不到的结果。
动词-ing 表示自然而然的结果。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
【温馨提示】某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
三. 独立主格
独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
Much work to do tonight(＝As there will be much work to do tonight)，we can’t go to see the film.
今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。
He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。
附录：
1. 独立成分作状语
独立成分 含义
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说
judging from/by... 根据……来判断
considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing... 考虑到……
given... 考虑到……
compared to/with... 与……相比
1.(2025天津高考第一次)________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation.
A. Impressing B. To impress C. Being impressed D. Impressed
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了给听众留下深刻印象，这位演讲者精心准备了一份详尽且引人入胜的演讲内容。“准备演示文稿”的目的是“为了给观众留下深刻印象”，不定式To impress表目的，符合语境。故选B。
2.(2024天津高考第一次)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, ________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A. disappointing B. to disappoint
C. having disappointed D. disappointed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于突然的雷暴天气，组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会，使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语，表示“自然而然的结果”，户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望，故应用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。
3.(2024天津高考第一次)Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when ________ in large amounts or after 2 pm.
A. consumed B. being consumed C. consuming D. having consumed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：咖啡可能会引起睡眠障碍，尤其是大量饮用后或在下午两点以后饮用。此处为状语从句的省略，且consume意为“吃；喝；饮用”，与句子主语 coffee构成逻辑上的动宾关系，省略be动词，故用过去分词形式。故选A。
4.(2023天津高考第二次)________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A. Trying B. Tried
C. Having tried D. Having been tried
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在两个月的时间里，这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整，最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语the engineer与try“尝试”为主动关系，且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前，应用现在分词的完成式having tried，作状语。故选C。
5.(2025天津高考第一次)________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A. Dating B. Being dated
C. To date D. To be dated
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到，始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词，没有被动语态；根据句中已有谓语动词has，且无连词，可知此处要用非调语动词，此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。
6.(2025北京高考)When ________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
【答案】traveling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同的文化和体验不同的经历。句子主语we与travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。
7.(2024北京高考)Just then, some kids ran at him, ________(knock) his books out of his arms.
【答案】knocking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词 “ran” ,此处应用非谓语动词;主语 “some kids” 和动词knock之间构成主谓关系,此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填 knocking。
8.(2024浙江1月高考)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【答案】knocking
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
附录：非谓语动词的形式与功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √
确定谓语动词与非谓语动词 一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词；谓语动词要考虑时态，语态和主谓一致等。 如果在句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或者从属连词)的时候，则所给动词一定要用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词形式需要确定是现在分词形式，过去分词形式，不定式形式还是动名词形式。 2.确定形式 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用doing, 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用done;, 3.确定时态 表示将来的动作：to do/ to be done; 表示正在发生的动作：doing/ being done; 表示完成的动作：done/ having done/ having been done.
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026届天津市东丽区高三质量调研试卷)Many gyms now allow members to book online ________ their waiting time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在许多健身房允许会员在线预订，以节省他们的等待时间。空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，结合句意可知，在线预订的目的是节省等待时间，不定式to do sth.可表目的，因此用to save。故填C。
2.(2026届天津蓟州区上仓中学高考模拟)—My electric bike was stolen last night.
—I’m sorry to hear that, but you are silly ________ it outside.
A. to leave B. to have left C. leaving D. having left
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：--昨晚我的电动车被偷了。--听到这事我很遗憾，但你把它放在外面真是太傻了。固定句型：be + 形容词(silly/foolish/clever 等)+ to do，表示 “做某事是…… 的”， “把车放在外面” 发生在车被偷之前，是过去已完成的动作，需用不定式完成式 to have left 体现动作先后。 故选B。
3.(2026届天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)Despite my ________ legs, our hiking trip was rewarding, for mounting the top allowed us to take photos ________.
A. ached; to our heart’s content B. aching; to our heart’s content
C. ached; in our heart’s content D. aching; in our heart’s content
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词和介词短语。句意：尽管我的腿很疼，但我们的徒步旅行还是很值得的，因为登上山顶让我们尽情地拍照。第一空，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词legs，ache和legs为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式；第二空，to one’s heart’s content为固定短语，意为“尽情地，心满意足地”。故选B。
4.(2026届天津市耀华中学高三上学期月考)Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers ________ their past decades to preserving endangered species from extinction.
A. devoted B. having been devoted C. devoting D. to devote
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们特别感谢成千上万的志愿者们，他们在过去的几十年里致力于保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。句中已有谓语动词go，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词volunteers，volunteers和devote为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故选C。
5.(2026届天津市武清区天和城实验中学高三上学期1月月考)There is a terrible thunder________ the sudden lightning.
A. followed B. followed by C. following D. following by
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一道突如其来的闪电之后，传来一阵可怕的雷声。此处thunder与follow为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故选C。
6.(2026届天津市三校联考第二学期高三模拟)________ large-scale experiments, scientists are exploring new sources of renewable energy.
A. Conducted B. To be conducted C. Conducting D. Conduct
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过进行大规模实验，科学家们正在探索可再生能源的新来源。空格后的部分scientists are exploring new sources of renewable energy是一个完整的句子，空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词conduct与逻辑主语scientists之间是主动关系，所以应该现在分词作状语。故选C项。
7.(2026届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)In recent years, the government has accelerated its speed to boost the growth of the digital economy, ________ the Internet Plus policy to deepen the combination of the Internet with economic and social sectors.
A. to introduce B. having introduced C. introducing D. introduced
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，政府加快了推动数字经济增长的速度，引入“互联网+”政策，深化互联网与经济社会各领域的融合。本句谓语为has accelerated，此处为非谓语动词，且the government与introduce“引入”为主动关系，应用现在分词introducing，作状语。故选C。
8.(2026届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查)________ nearly all her spare time to community service during high school, Li Lei felt a deep sense of fulfillment when she received the volunteer award.
A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：高中期间，李蕾几乎把所有的业余时间都投入到社区服务中，当她获得志愿者奖项时，她感到一种深深的成就感。此处为非谓语动词作状语，devote动作发生在主句谓语felt之前，且与主语Li Lei是主动关系，用现在分词的完成式Having devoted。故选C项。
9.(2026届天津市静海区第一中学第二学期第一次适应性检测)________ upon his years of experience in the business, ZhangYong, Alibaba’s new CEO, came up with a novel idea for increasing sales.
A. To draw B. Being drawn C. Drawing D. Drawn
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凭借多年的行业经验，阿里巴巴新任 CEO 张勇提出了一个提升销售额的新颖想法。空处作状语，主语ZhangYong与draw upon“利用”是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选C。
10.(2026届天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)When the minister came in, the two cheaters were sitting before the weaver(编织工), ________ busily.
A. pretending working B. pretending to be working
C. pretended having worked D. pretended to have worked
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当那位官员进来时，那两个骗子正坐在编织工前，装作正忙碌地干活儿。第二个逗号前后无连词，空处应填非谓语形式，pretend和逻辑主语the two cheaters之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，pretend to be doing sth“假装正在做某事”，固定短语，故选B。
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)The rhythmic calls of free-range chickens provided background music for our shoot, ________(occasion) interrupted by the distant laughter of villagers ________(pass) along the paths.
【答案】occasionally; passing
【详解】考查副词和非谓语动词。句意：散养鸡的有节奏的叫声为我们的拍摄提供了背景音乐，其间不时被沿着小路走过的村民们的远处笑声所打断。第一空修饰动词interrupted，应填副词作状语；第二空pass和villagers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填①occasionally②passing。
2.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Research indicates that government initiatives ________(reshape) early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once ________(establish), this connection can become self-sustaining.
【答案】reshaping; established
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，重塑早期教育和城市设计的政府举措必须在未来25年内持续实施。一旦建立起来，这种联系就可以自我维持。 第一个空处，reshape在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语government initiatives构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故第一个空填reshaping；第二个空处，establish在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语connection构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故第二个空填established。故填①reshaping②established。
3.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes ________(require) to restore the connection to nature.
【答案】required
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：理查森表示，当他在模型中测试政策和城市环境的变化时，他对这些为恢复人与自然的联结所必需的变化的规模感到惊讶。句子主干为he was surprised at the scale of the changes，空格处需要修饰名词changes，作后置定语。逻辑主语changes与动词require之间是被动关系(变化是“被要求、被需要”来恢复人与自然联结的)，因此用过去分词作后置定语。故填required。
4.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中上学期规范化考试)The research group produced two reports ________(base) on the survey.
【答案】based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究小组根据这项调查出具了两份报告。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，base与reports构成被动关系，based on为固定搭配，意为“基于”，所以此处为base的过去分词形式。故填based。
5.(2026届河北石家庄市裕华区石家庄精英中学第二学期第一次调研)The new social media trend centers on a comfort-driven lifestyle ________(ground) in Traditional Chinese Medicine philosophy.
【答案】grounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一新的社交媒体潮流，聚焦于一种以中医理念为基础、追求舒适的生活方式。句子已有谓语动词centers，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，a comfort-driven lifestyle和ground为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填grounded。
6.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)When ________(face) with adversity, it is resilience that helps us bounce back.
【答案】faced
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当面对逆境时，是韧性帮助我们重新振作起来。be faced with“面临”是固定搭配，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填faced。
7.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Courses vary in difficulty and ground conditions, ________(allow) runners to choose between flatter routes and ________(demanding) ones. With multiple distance options available, participants can choose ________(base) on their experience levels and personal goals.
【答案】allowing; more demanding; based
【详解】考查非谓语动词，形容词的比较级。句意：课程在难度和地面条件上各不相同，允许跑步者在平坦的路线和要求更高的路线之间进行选择。有多个距离选项可供选择，参与者可以根据自己的经验水平和个人目标进行选择。第一空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，此处表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词；第二个空，根据空前的flatter可知，空处需要形容词的比较级，表示“要求更高的”，所以填more demanding；第三个空处为非谓语动词作状语，be based on为固定短语“基于……”，所以空处需要去掉be，剩下过去分词作状语。故填①allowing②more demanding③based。
8.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)________(launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey, this survey covered over 12 sq km.
【答案】Launched
【详解】考查过去分词作状语。句意：这项调查于 2020 年启动，作为 2000 至 2003 年调查的后续项目，覆盖面积超过 12 平方公里。分析可知，“________ (launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey”为句中的状语，逻辑主语“this survey”与动词“launch”之间为被动关系，动词用过去分词形式；置于句首，首字母大写。故填Launched。
9.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)________(trap) in the freezing water, Kiana knew the only effective plan was to get to shore herself and find help.
【答案】Trapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在冰冷的水中，基安娜知道唯一有效的计划就是自己上岸寻求帮助。句中已有谓语动词knew，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，trap与其逻辑主语Kiana之间为被动关系，需填过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Trapped。
10.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)In my twenties, I threw ________ into city life: ________(sample) Mediterranean restaurants, navigating around on the Tube, and staying out late with friends.
【答案】myself; sampling
【详解】考查代词和非谓语动词。句意：在我二十多岁的时候，我全身心投入到城市生活中：品尝地中海风味餐厅、乘坐地铁穿梭出行，还和朋友们在外待到深夜。固定搭配throw oneself into sth.意为“全身心投入某事、积极投身某事”，主语是I，对应的反身代词为myself，冒号后是对city life的具体举例，sample与navigating、staying是并列结构，形式需保持一致，因此 sample要变为现在分词sampling，作伴随状语，补充说明“投入城市生活”的具体行为。故填①myself②sampling。
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. The community garden project, ________ by a group of enthusiastic volunteers last spring, has now blossomed into a vibrant green space enjoyed by all residents.
A. launched B. launching C. having launched D. to launch
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：这个社区花园项目于去年春天由一群热情的志愿者发起，如今已发展成一片所有居民都喜爱的生机勃勃的绿地。句中已有谓语动词has blossomed，空处用非谓语，project与launch之间是被动关系，且项目是去年春天被发起的，可知此处用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。
2. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.
A. to appoint B. having appointed C. appointed D. appointing
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：残疾人安妮 萨蒙在整个上学期间都由一名被指派保护她的护士照料。句中已有谓语动词is attended，空处用非谓语动词，nurse与 appoint是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故选 C。
3. The letter ________ to the headmaster yesterday will probably get a reply within a week.
A. composing B. to compose C. composed D. to be composed
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天写给校长的信可能会在一周内得到回复。“(compose) to the headmaster yesterday”作后置定语，compose(撰写)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语The letter之间是被动关系且已经完成，应用过去分词形式。故选C项。
4. ________ with boys, girls usually use the Internet to do their lessons, listen to music or buy things they need.
A. Compared B. Comparing C. To compare D. Being compared
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：与男孩相比，女孩通常会利用互联网来完成作业、听音乐或者购买她们所需的东西。 ________ with boys做句首状语， compare和句子主语girls之间是被动关系， 应该使用过去分词形式， 故选A。
5. ________ with excitement, the children ran toward the amusement park as soon as the gates were opened.
A. Filling B. Filled C. To fill D. Having filled
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们满心激动，一看到大门开启便冲向了游乐园。固定短语be filled with表示“充满”，省略be动词，使用过去分词，作状语。故选B。
6. ________ by the inspiring speech, many students decided to take part in the school’s speech contest.
A. Motivated B. Motivating C. To motivate D. Motivate
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到那鼓舞人心的演讲的激励，许多学生决定参加学校的演讲比赛。本句谓语为decided，此处为非谓语动词，作状语，motivate“激励”与逻辑主语students为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式Motivated。故选A项。
7. The latest survey, ________ by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers wanted to work as pilots.
A. to be conducted B. conducted C. being conducted D. having conducted
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家外国公司进行的最新调查发现，超过12%的青少年想成为飞行员。本句谓语为found，此处为非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰survey，且survey与conduct“进行”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故选B。
8. Reading materials ________ for children entered schools to help them develop the habit of financial management at a young age.
A. having intended B. intended
C. intending D. having been intended
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专为儿童设计的阅读材料进入了学校，帮助他们从小养成理财的习惯。分析句子结构可知，entered是谓语。Reading materials与intend是动宾关系，即Reading materials are intended for children，此空需用过去分词intended作后置定语。故选B。
9. After ________ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists ________ in the disaster region.
A. being struck, were trapped B. struck, having been trapped
C. being struck, trapped D. having been struck ; were trapped
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受特大暴雨袭击后，河南省景区受损严重，许多游客被困在灾区。第一空after是介词，后面要接动名词作宾语，strike(侵袭，袭击)与其逻辑主语Henan province之间是被动关系，要用动名词的被动式being struck；第二空是独立主格结构：逻辑主语tourists和trap是被动关系，即游客被困，用过去分词 trapped，故选C。
10. He stood at the window, his eyes ________ on the heavy rain pouring down outside for hours.
A. having fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. fixing
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他站在窗前，目不转睛地盯着外面倾盆大雨，持续了好几个小时。逗号后的部分为独立主格结构，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语his eyes和fix是被动关系，应用过去分词。故选C。
二. 单句语法填空
1. We’ll spend roughly two hours climbing the mountain, ________(admire) the breathtaking scenery and taking photos all the way.
【答案】admiring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将花大约两个小时爬山，一路欣赏壮丽的风景和拍照。句子已有谓语动词will spend，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，admire与其逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，需填现在分词形式。故填admiring。
2. ________(stretch) 250 kilometers, Helan Mountain is home to more than 20,000 ancient rock carvings.
【答案】Stretching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：绵延250公里的贺兰山，有2万多处古代岩刻。句中已有谓语动词is home to，空处应用非谓语动词，stretch和逻辑主语Helan Mountain为逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填Stretching。
3. The zoo’s director, Narongwit Chodchoi, said the additional earnings from Moo Deng will help the zoo’s ________(breed) programs for many endangered animals, like the pygmy hippo, which is threatened by illegal hunting and loss of habitat.
【答案】breeding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该动物园的负责人纳隆维特·乔德乔伊表示，莫登格所带来的额外收入将有助于动物园开展多种濒危动物的繁育项目，比如侏儒河马，这种动物正受到非法捕猎和栖息地丧失的威胁。空处需动名词作定语，修饰名词programs。故填breeding。
4. To my amazement, our first attempt ________(develop) new software was a great success.
【答案】to develop
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：令我惊讶的是，我们开发新软件的第一次尝试取得了巨大成功。名词attempt后常接不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的尝试”。故填to develop。
5. From light shows and drone displays to interactions with robots, tech-driven scenes ________(create) by scenic spots and cultural sites have become must-visit check-in points for tourists ________(touch) the future.
【答案】created; to touch
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从灯光秀、无人机表演到与机器人互动，景区和文化遗址打造的科技感场景，已然成为游客触摸未来的必打卡之地。第一空为非谓语动词作定语，tech-driven scenes与create为被动关系，用过去分词created；第二空为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰tourists，表将要发生的动作，所以用动词不定式to touch。故填①created②to touch。
6. Confucius was the first person in Chinese history ________(bring) education to all people, and in particular to those of ordinary birth.
【答案】to bring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子是中国历史上第一个将教育带给所有人，特别是出身普通的人。当名词前有序数词(如the first)修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to bring。
7. Here, 56-year-old Yang Yongliang — a skilled worker of the 2,000-year-old Jiaya Tibetan carpet-making craft — moves between looms and students, his hands ________(follow) patterns from older generations.
【答案】following
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这里，56岁的杨永良——一位拥有2000年历史的加牙藏毯制作工艺的熟练工人——在织布机和学生之间穿梭，他的手遵循着前辈们的图案。本句已有谓语动词moves，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语。follow与其逻辑主语his hands之间为主动关系，故用现在分词following构成独立主格结构，作伴随状语。故填following。
8. He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans ________(include).
【答案】included
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说，这正影响着从细菌到哺乳动物的所有生物，人类也包括在内。此处为独立主格结构，且human与include构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填included。
9. There ________(be) no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying.
【答案】being
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：房间里没人，我们意识到哭也没用。“There being + 名词”构成独立主格结构，表示原因，故填 being 。
10. The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough ________(apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory.
【答案】to apply
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：学习的本质是不断地重复和坚持，直到你通过实践变得经验丰富，技能足够熟练去应用所学，最终形成肌肉记忆。设空处位于“skilled enough”之后，应用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“熟练到足以去应用”。故填to apply。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)清单04 非谓语动词(定语,状语)(二)
专题01 非谓语动词作定语
一. 不定式作定语(to do, to be done)
1.当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
2.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
【温馨提示】在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。
Would you please give me some paper to write on 请你给我一些能写的纸张吗？
The shopping mall is a good place to go. 购物中心是一个好的去处。
二. 分词作定语(doing, being done, done)
动词-ing形式作定语(doing, being done) 及物动词作后置定语，当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”。不及物动词作定语，表示动作正在进行。
动词-ed形式作定语(done) 及物动词作后置定语，当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
【易混辨析】
不及物动词的分词形式作定语 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
动名词作定语(说明被修饰词的用途或目的) a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车
1.(2026天津高考第二次)Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite ________ to track solar storms.
A. designed B. designing C. to design D. having designed
2.(2024天津高考第一次)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire ________ new places.
A. to discover B. to be discovering
C. to be discovered D. to have discovered
3.(2023天津高考第二次)The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly ________ from Europe and China.
A. originating B. originated
C. being originated D. having originated
4.(2023天津高考第一次)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public.
A. posting B. to post
C. posted D. to be posted
5.(2025新高考II卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
6.(2025新高考II卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
专题02 非谓语动词作状语
一. 不定式作状语
目的状语 为了……， 可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
结果状语 常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
原因状语 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。
【温馨提示】形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
二. 分词作状语
时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句；原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句；条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句；结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus；方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句；让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
【易混辨析】动词不定式和动词-ing作结果状语
动词不定式 表示意想不到的结果。
动词-ing 表示自然而然的结果。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
【温馨提示】某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
三. 独立主格
独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
Much work to do tonight(＝As there will be much work to do tonight)，we can’t go to see the film.
今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。
He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。
附录：
1. 独立成分作状语
独立成分 含义
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说
judging from/by... 根据……来判断
considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing... 考虑到……
given... 考虑到……
compared to/with... 与……相比
1.(2025天津高考第一次)________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation.
A. Impressing B. To impress C. Being impressed D. Impressed
2.(2024天津高考第一次)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, ________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A. disappointing B. to disappoint
C. having disappointed D. disappointed
3.(2024天津高考第一次)Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when ________ in large amounts or after 2 pm.
A. consumed B. being consumed C. consuming D. having consumed
4.(2023天津高考第二次)________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A. Trying B. Tried
C. Having tried D. Having been tried
5.(2025天津高考第一次)________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A. Dating B. Being dated
C. To date D. To be dated
6.(2025北京高考)When ________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
7.(2024北京高考)Just then, some kids ran at him, ________(knock) his books out of his arms.
8.(2024浙江1月高考)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
附录：非谓语动词的形式与功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √
确定谓语动词与非谓语动词 一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词；谓语动词要考虑时态，语态和主谓一致等。 如果在句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或者从属连词)的时候，则所给动词一定要用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词形式需要确定是现在分词形式，过去分词形式，不定式形式还是动名词形式。 2.确定形式 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用doing, 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用done;, 3.确定时态 表示将来的动作：to do/ to be done; 表示正在发生的动作：doing/ being done; 表示完成的动作：done/ having done/ having been done.
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026届天津市东丽区高三质量调研试卷)Many gyms now allow members to book online ________ their waiting time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
2.(2026届天津蓟州区上仓中学高考模拟)—My electric bike was stolen last night.
—I’m sorry to hear that, but you are silly ________ it outside.
A. to leave B. to have left C. leaving D. having left
3.(2026届天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)Despite my ________ legs, our hiking trip was rewarding, for mounting the top allowed us to take photos ________.
A. ached; to our heart’s content B. aching; to our heart’s content
C. ached; in our heart’s content D. aching; in our heart’s content
4.(2026届天津市耀华中学高三上学期月考)Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers ________ their past decades to preserving endangered species from extinction.
A. devoted B. having been devoted C. devoting D. to devote
5.(2026届天津市武清区天和城实验中学高三上学期1月月考)There is a terrible thunder________ the sudden lightning.
A. followed B. followed by C. following D. following by
6.(2026届天津市三校联考第二学期高三模拟)________ large-scale experiments, scientists are exploring new sources of renewable energy.
A. Conducted B. To be conducted C. Conducting D. Conduct
7.(2026届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)In recent years, the government has accelerated its speed to boost the growth of the digital economy, ________ the Internet Plus policy to deepen the combination of the Internet with economic and social sectors.
A. to introduce B. having introduced C. introducing D. introduced
8.(2026届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查)________ nearly all her spare time to community service during high school, Li Lei felt a deep sense of fulfillment when she received the volunteer award.
A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote
9.(2026届天津市静海区第一中学第二学期第一次适应性检测)________ upon his years of experience in the business, ZhangYong, Alibaba’s new CEO, came up with a novel idea for increasing sales.
A. To draw B. Being drawn C. Drawing D. Drawn
10.(2026届天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)When the minister came in, the two cheaters were sitting before the weaver(编织工), ________ busily.
A. pretending working B. pretending to be working
C. pretended having worked D. pretended to have worked
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)The rhythmic calls of free-range chickens provided background music for our shoot, ________(occasion) interrupted by the distant laughter of villagers ________(pass) along the paths.
2.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Research indicates that government initiatives ________(reshape) early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once ________(establish), this connection can become self-sustaining.
3.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes ________(require) to restore the connection to nature.
4.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中上学期规范化考试)The research group produced two reports ________(base) on the survey.
5.(2026届河北石家庄市裕华区石家庄精英中学第二学期第一次调研)The new social media trend centers on a comfort-driven lifestyle ________(ground) in Traditional Chinese Medicine philosophy.
6.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)When ________(face) with adversity, it is resilience that helps us bounce back.
7.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Courses vary in difficulty and ground conditions, ________(allow) runners to choose between flatter routes and ________(demanding) ones. With multiple distance options available, participants can choose ________(base) on their experience levels and personal goals.
8.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)________(launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey, this survey covered over 12 sq km.
9.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)________(trap) in the freezing water, Kiana knew the only effective plan was to get to shore herself and find help.
10.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)In my twenties, I threw ________ into city life: ________(sample) Mediterranean restaurants, navigating around on the Tube, and staying out late with friends.
时间：10分钟 满分：20分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. The community garden project, ________ by a group of enthusiastic volunteers last spring, has now blossomed into a vibrant green space enjoyed by all residents.
A. launched B. launching C. having launched D. to launch
2. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.
A. to appoint B. having appointed C. appointed D. appointing
3. The letter ________ to the headmaster yesterday will probably get a reply within a week.
A. composing B. to compose C. composed D. to be composed
4. ________ with boys, girls usually use the Internet to do their lessons, listen to music or buy things they need.
A. Compared B. Comparing C. To compare D. Being compared
5. ________ with excitement, the children ran toward the amusement park as soon as the gates were opened.
A. Filling B. Filled C. To fill D. Having filled
6. ________ by the inspiring speech, many students decided to take part in the school’s speech contest.
A. Motivated B. Motivating C. To motivate D. Motivate
7. The latest survey, ________ by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers wanted to work as pilots.
A. to be conducted B. conducted C. being conducted D. having conducted
8. Reading materials ________ for children entered schools to help them develop the habit of financial management at a young age.
A. having intended B. intended
C. intending D. having been intended
9. After ________ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists ________ in the disaster region.
A. being struck, were trapped B. struck, having been trapped
C. being struck, trapped D. having been struck ; were trapped
10. He stood at the window, his eyes ________ on the heavy rain pouring down outside for hours.
A. having fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. fixing
二. 单句语法填空
1. We’ll spend roughly two hours climbing the mountain, ________(admire) the breathtaking scenery and taking photos all the way.
2. ________(stretch) 250 kilometers, Helan Mountain is home to more than 20,000 ancient rock carvings.
3. The zoo’s director, Narongwit Chodchoi, said the additional earnings from Moo Deng will help the zoo’s ________(breed) programs for many endangered animals, like the pygmy hippo, which is threatened by illegal hunting and loss of habitat.
4. To my amazement, our first attempt ________(develop) new software was a great success.
5. From light shows and drone displays to interactions with robots, tech-driven scenes ________(create) by scenic spots and cultural sites have become must-visit check-in points for tourists ________(touch) the future.
6. Confucius was the first person in Chinese history ________(bring) education to all people, and in particular to those of ordinary birth.
7. Here, 56-year-old Yang Yongliang — a skilled worker of the 2,000-year-old Jiaya Tibetan carpet-making craft — moves between looms and students, his hands ________(follow) patterns from older generations.
8. He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans ________(include).
9. There ________(be) no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying.
10. The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough ________(apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory.
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