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清单05 定语从句和名词性从句
专题01 定语从句
一.关系词一览表
1.关系代词一览表
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
2.关系副词一览表
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which
表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which
二.关系词使用情况
1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it to you. (不定代词) 如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西，我会发给你的。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. (the only) 他的房子失火后，那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water.(序数词) 说到济南，首先想到的就是泉水。
My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(人+物)我母亲和她的老朋友们谈论着他们在学校里记得的人和事。
2.只用which不用that的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
(3)先行词本身是that时。
(4)关系代词后有插入语时。
Crusoe’s dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 克鲁索的狗很老，生病死了。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在讲的那本参考书。
3. as与which在非限制定语从句中的区别
关系词 位置不同 表意不同
as 既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China. 众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆一次又一次上学迟到，这使他的老师很生气。
附录：
常用as 的结构：as anybody can see，as we all know，as we expected，as is reported，as has been announced，as is often the case，as 常常位于句首。
4. whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
5.关系副词使用的特殊情况
(1)有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。
(2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。
I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。
Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge.在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。
It’s not what you say；it’s the way(that/in which) you say it.问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。
三.介词＋关系词
1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：一先二动三意义
(1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定；
(2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定；
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved.
我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。
四.定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The car that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台车是国产的。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who has made great progress.他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
五.易混辨析
定语从句与并列句 两个句子之间若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
定语从句与独立主格结构 定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。
定语从句与地点状语从句 定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
定语从句与时间状语从句 定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。
定语从句与结果状语从句 在the same...as...与such...as...结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。
定语从句与主语从句 定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
定语从句与强调句型 强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。
【温馨提示】名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
Do you know where will the party be held？(×)
Do you know where the party will be held？(√)
1.(2025天津高考第一次)Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, _______ a clinic was set up in Kenya.
A. with whom B. for whom C. with which D. for which
2.(2025天津高考第二次)The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, _______ life was very different from today.
A. why B. which C. when D. where
3.(2025新高考I卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
4.(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _______ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains.
5.(2025浙江1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
解题三步走 第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。 第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”) 第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
专题02 名词性从句
一. 名词性从句连接词一览表
引导词 功能
从属 连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义
whether, if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”
because, as if/though 在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”
连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), whose, which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom(ever)在从句中作宾语； which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语
连接副词 when(ever), where, wherever, why, how(ever) 在从句中作状语
二. 名词性从句连接词用法辨析
1. what与that的辨析
that 从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。
what 连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”的结构,意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that/which...。
I think that it is a popular book. 我认为这是一本受欢迎的书。
I believe what/ the thing(s) that/ which he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。
【温馨提示】that不可省略的两种情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。
(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。
She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university，that she would study hard to make her dream come true，and that she would live up to her parents’ expectations.她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。
2. whether与if的用法
Whether/if可互换 引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用；it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
用whether不用if互换 引导主语从句置于句首时；引导表语从句和同位语从句时；引导介词的宾语从句时；引导词与or not连用时；引导词后接to do时；有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。
The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.
问题是，技术将成为我们的仆人还是主人。
He often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
他常常怀疑自己是否够格做父亲。
3. what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever 引导名词性从句的辨析
what，who，which what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味
whatever，whoever，whichever whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。
I doubt who will win the match.
我疑惑谁将赢得这个比赛。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人将获得金牌。
4. That was why…/ That was because/ The reason was that…/ Why… was that… 辨析
That was why… 那就是……的原因，强调结果
That was because… 那是因为……，强调原因
The reason was that… 句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
Why… was that… 由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导
I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school. 我感冒了，因此我没去上学。
I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold. 我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible. 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
5. as if/though引导的表语从句
as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
It sounds as if somebody is knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。
附录：
1.It+be+名词+从句
It is a fact that... 事实是……
It is good news that... ……是好消息
It is a question that... ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。
2.It+be+形容词+从句
It is necessary that...有必要……
It is clear that... 很清楚……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is important that... 重要的是……
类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing等。
3.It+be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It has been proved that...已证明……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out等。
1.(2025天津高考第一次)_______he managed to finish the marathon inspired his classmates to push their limits in sports.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. When
2.(2025天津高考第二次)Knowing _______ your weakness lies is one of the first and most challenging steps in learning to manage yourself.
A. that B. what C. how D. where
解题三步走 第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。 第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词。指物用what，whatever；指人用who，whoever。 第三步：如果不缺少主语或宾语，要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用that，有疑问则根据句意使用when，where，why，how，whether等。
时间：10分钟 满分：18分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)Marie Curie, the pioneering scientist, lived in an era _______ life was very different from today.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
2.(2026届天津蓟州区上仓中学高考模拟试卷英语试题(一)There is no experience you can have _______ is more exciting than going bungee jumping.
A. as B. what C. that D. which
3.(2026年天津市静海区第一中学第二学期第一次适应性检测高三英语试题)I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, because these are the means _______ men achieve great ends.
A. by which B. for which C. in which D. to which
4.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学2026高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Their usual behavior reminded me of the fact that the best relationship is one _______ your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
A. which B. that C. in which D. when
5.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Scott’s team reached the Pole on 17 January 1912, _______ they were soon shocked to come across the Norwegian flag put by Amundsen’s team.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
6.(2026届天津市东丽区2026届高三质量调研试卷(一)The coach clearly explained _______ they would be able to secure a victory in the final match next Sunday.
A. that B. what C. how D. when
7.(2026年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)The most valuable lesson from this experience is _______ those mistakes, if acknowledged, are potential stepping stones to growth.
A. whether B. what C. that D. how
8.(2026届天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)Architectural design often pushes the boundaries of _______ people think possible, either in technology or in art.
A. that B. what C. how D. which
9.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)They didn’t discover until they happened to enter the room _______ the painting had been stolen.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
10.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)After the exhausting journey, the explorer recorded in his notebook ________ he had seen and experienced in the mysterious valley.
A. how B. which C. what D. whether
二. 单句语法填空
1.( 2025-2026学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)REM is a crucial sleep stage _______ is important for brain health and for helping enhance memory.
2.(2026届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)Because there was no formal system to record trees’ survival rate, scientists launched a science project, _______ was aimed at recording it across the country.
3.( 2025-2026学年天津市滨海新区紫云中学下学期高考一考模拟)Galileo made many discoveries, _______ which the most important is the discovery that the Earth moves around the Sun.
4.( 2025-2026学年天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一)After years of hard work, she has finally reached a point in her career _______ she needs to make a crucial decision about her future path.
5.( 2025-2026学年天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)The company’s profits could fall sharply this quarter, in ________ case we might have to freeze hiring.
6.(2025-2026学年度湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学下学期高三英语周测)_______ struck me most was such plain warmth.
7.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(一)The idea _______ we can use light to record sound dates back to the 19th century.
8.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(二)This is consistent _______ findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of _______ a child will become close to nature.
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. There are plans to introduce flying taxis _______ will be stationed on rooftops around busy cities.
A. that B. where C. when D. as
2. You should stop in at one of the many coffeehouses and enjoy the charming atmosphere, _______ San Franciscans love to do most.
A. where B. when C. which D. whose
3. The factory _______ we visited last month is one of the leading production bases for new energy vehicles in North China.
A. where B. when C. that D. what
4. Self-discipline is all _______ it takes to make yourself a better person.
A. what B. how C. which D. that
5. Dawson is always in pursuit of perfection. That’s why he has higher goals _______ others may have been satisfied.
A. where B. what C. that D. which
6. It remains unclear _______ the 2026 Spring Festival Gala powered by AI, will bring to the audience in terms of artistic expression and cultural communication.
A. what B. that C. how D. whether
7. There is no doubt that _______ parents behave in the family has a great effect on their children’s physical and mental development.
A. which B. what C. how D. where
8. —What makes you so upset
—_______ I have misplaced my passport before the trip.
A. Because B. As C. Since D. That
二. 单句语法填空
1. The job interview is a situation _______ you can show your personal ability and professional skills to the employer.
2. The sharing economy provides a platform _______ which we can rent out our spare rooms or unused items to others.
3. My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere Bookshop on Sant Ana, _______ owner would let me sit in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart’s content.
4. Beijing is an ancient city, _______ is famous for the Great Wall.
5. As we know, Lost in Thailand is a very successful movie, the cost of _______ is only 30 million yuan.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
6.People today watch mobile phone more than they buy books, which is _______ they understand visual information far better than written information.
7. As I got older, trips back to Thanet opened my eyes to _______ I had left behind.
8. Make sure _______ you are making accommodations through _______(reputation) sites for travel.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)清单05 定语从句和名词性从句
专题01 定语从句
一.关系词一览表
1.关系代词一览表
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
2.关系副词一览表
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which
表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which
二.关系词使用情况
1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it to you. (不定代词) 如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西，我会发给你的。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. (the only) 他的房子失火后，那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water.(序数词) 说到济南，首先想到的就是泉水。
My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(人+物)我母亲和她的老朋友们谈论着他们在学校里记得的人和事。
2.只用which不用that的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
(3)先行词本身是that时。
(4)关系代词后有插入语时。
Crusoe’s dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 克鲁索的狗很老，生病死了。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在讲的那本参考书。
3. as与which在非限制定语从句中的区别
关系词 位置不同 表意不同
as 既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China. 众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆一次又一次上学迟到，这使他的老师很生气。
附录：
常用as 的结构：as anybody can see，as we all know，as we expected，as is reported，as has been announced，as is often the case，as 常常位于句首。
4. whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
5.关系副词使用的特殊情况
(1)有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。
(2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。
I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。
Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge.在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。
It’s not what you say；it’s the way(that/in which) you say it.问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。
三.介词＋关系词
1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：一先二动三意义
(1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定；
(2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定；
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved.
我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。
四.定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The car that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台车是国产的。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who has made great progress.他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
五.易混辨析
定语从句与并列句 两个句子之间若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
定语从句与独立主格结构 定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。
定语从句与地点状语从句 定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
定语从句与时间状语从句 定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。
定语从句与结果状语从句 在the same...as...与such...as...结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。
定语从句与主语从句 定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
定语从句与强调句型 强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。
【温馨提示】名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
Do you know where will the party be held？(×)
Do you know where the party will be held？(√)
1.(2025天津高考第一次)Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, _______ a clinic was set up in Kenya.
A. with whom B. for whom C. with which D. for which
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在几个月内，丹尼尔帮助筹集了2万美元，用这笔钱在肯尼亚建立了一家诊所。“________ a clinic was set up in Kenya”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词$20,000，表示“用这笔钱”，应用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，指物只能用which，根据句意“用这笔钱”可知，应使用介词with，表示使用的工具或手段，即“with+which”引导定语从句。故选C。
2.(2025天津高考第二次)The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, _______ life was very different from today.
A. why B. which C. when D. where
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“石器时代”指的是大约200万年前的那个时期，在那个时期，人类的生活与如今大不相同。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，用when。故选C。
3.(2025新高考I卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称为“围棋”)，它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _______ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5.(2025浙江1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为“less formal clothing”，指物，在从句中作主语，故填which。
解题三步走 第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。 第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”) 第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
专题02 名词性从句
一. 名词性从句连接词一览表
引导词 功能
从属 连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义
whether, if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”
because, as if/though 在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”
连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), whose, which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom(ever)在从句中作宾语； which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语
连接副词 when(ever), where, wherever, why, how(ever) 在从句中作状语
二. 名词性从句连接词用法辨析
1. what与that的辨析
that 从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。
what 连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”的结构,意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that/which...。
I think that it is a popular book. 我认为这是一本受欢迎的书。
I believe what/ the thing(s) that/ which he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。
【温馨提示】that不可省略的两种情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。
(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。
She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university，that she would study hard to make her dream come true，and that she would live up to her parents’ expectations.她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。
2. whether与if的用法
Whether/if可互换 引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用；it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
用whether不用if互换 引导主语从句置于句首时；引导表语从句和同位语从句时；引导介词的宾语从句时；引导词与or not连用时；引导词后接to do时；有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。
The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.
问题是，技术将成为我们的仆人还是主人。
He often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
他常常怀疑自己是否够格做父亲。
3. what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever 引导名词性从句的辨析
what，who，which what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味
whatever，whoever，whichever whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。
I doubt who will win the match.
我疑惑谁将赢得这个比赛。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人将获得金牌。
4. That was why…/ That was because/ The reason was that…/ Why… was that… 辨析
That was why… 那就是……的原因，强调结果
That was because… 那是因为……，强调原因
The reason was that… 句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
Why… was that… 由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导
I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school. 我感冒了，因此我没去上学。
I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold. 我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible. 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
5. as if/though引导的表语从句
as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
It sounds as if somebody is knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。
附录：
1.It+be+名词+从句
It is a fact that... 事实是……
It is good news that... ……是好消息
It is a question that... ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。
2.It+be+形容词+从句
It is necessary that...有必要……
It is clear that... 很清楚……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is important that... 重要的是……
类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing等。
3.It+be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It has been proved that...已证明……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out等。
1.(2025天津高考第一次)_______he managed to finish the marathon inspired his classmates to push their limits in sports.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. When
【答案】B
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：他成功跑完马拉松这件事，激励了同学们在体育运动中挑战自己的极限。A. What什么；B. That无意义，只起连接作用；C. Whether是否；D. When何时。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语从句，从句“____he managed to finish the Marathon”成分完整，不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实义的that来引导。故选B项。
2.(2025天津高考第二次)Knowing _______ your weakness lies is one of the first and most challenging steps in learning to manage yourself.
A. that B. what C. how D. where
【答案】D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：知道你的弱点在哪里是学习自我管理的第一步也是最具挑战性的步骤之一。“your weakness lies”是宾语从句，表示“你的弱点在哪里”，用连接副词where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故选D项。
解题三步走 第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。 第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词。指物用what，whatever；指人用who，whoever。 第三步：如果不缺少主语或宾语，要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用that，有疑问则根据句意使用when，where，why，how，whether等。
时间：10分钟 满分：18分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)Marie Curie, the pioneering scientist, lived in an era _______ life was very different from today.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽·居里，这位开拓性的科学家，生活在一个生活与今天截然不同的时代。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是an era，指时间，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选A。
2.(2026届天津蓟州区上仓中学高考模拟试卷英语试题(一)There is no experience you can have _______ is more exciting than going bungee jumping.
A. as B. what C. that D. which
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：没有什么体验比蹦极更刺激了。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词experience，且前面有no修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。故选C。
3.(2026年天津市静海区第一中学第二学期第一次适应性检测高三英语试题)I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, because these are the means _______ men achieve great ends.
A. by which B. for which C. in which D. to which
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我崇尚坚韧、毅力、勤奋，因为正是凭借这些品质，人们才能达成伟大的目标。by通过……(方式/手段)，句中先行词为means，在定语从句中作介词by的宾语，构成介词by+which引导的定语从句，by the means表示“通过这些方式”。故选A。
4.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学2026高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Their usual behavior reminded me of the fact that the best relationship is one _______ your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
A. which B. that C. in which D. when
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们一贯的行为让我意识到这样一个事实：最美好的关系应该是这样一种关系，即你们对彼此的爱远远超过你们对彼此的依赖。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词one指代前面的relationship，是抽象地点，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句，也可换成in which引导定语从句，故选C。
5.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Scott’s team reached the Pole on 17 January 1912, _______ they were soon shocked to come across the Norwegian flag put by Amundsen’s team.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯科特的团队于1912年1月17日抵达极点，很快他们就震惊地发现那里插着阿蒙森队伍留下的挪威国旗。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词the Pole是地方，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故选D。
6.(2026届天津市东丽区2026届高三质量调研试卷(一)The coach clearly explained _______ they would be able to secure a victory in the final match next Sunday.
A. that B. what C. how D. when
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：教练清楚地讲解了他们要如何才能在下周日的决赛中取得胜利。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故选C。
7.(2026年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)The most valuable lesson from this experience is _______ those mistakes, if acknowledged, are potential stepping stones to growth.
A. whether B. what C. that D. how
【答案】C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：从这次经历中得到的最有价值的教训是，那些错误，如果被承认，是成长的潜在垫脚石。“________ those mistakes, if acknowledged, are potential stepping stones to growth”是表语从句，该表语从句结构完整，不缺少成分，用连词that引导。故选C。
8.(2026届天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)Architectural design often pushes the boundaries of _______ people think possible, either in technology or in art.
A. that B. what C. how D. which
【答案】B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：建筑设计常常突破人们认为可能的界限，无论是在技术上还是艺术上。of后接宾语从句，从句中think缺少宾语，指事物用what引导。故选B项。
9.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)They didn’t discover until they happened to enter the room _______ the painting had been stolen.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：直到他们偶然走进那个房间，才意识到那幅画已经被偷走了。设空处连接宾语从句作discover的宾语，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that连接，故选C。
10.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)After the exhausting journey, the explorer recorded in his notebook ________ he had seen and experienced in the mysterious valley.
A. how B. which C. what D. whether
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在疲惫的旅程结束后，这位探险家在他的笔记本上记录下了他在神秘山谷中所见所闻和经历的一切。A. how如何，怎样(表方式、程度)；B. which哪一个(表选择，需有明确范围)；C. what什么，……的事物(在从句中作主语、宾语等，无明确范围)；D. whether是否(表疑问)。空处引导宾语从句，作动词recorded的宾语，从句中缺少seen和experienced的宾语，且没有明确的选择范围，what符合语境，可指代“所见所闻和经历的一切”。故选C。
二. 单句语法填空
1.( 2025-2026学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)REM is a crucial sleep stage _______ is important for brain health and for helping enhance memory.
【答案】that/ which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：快速眼动睡眠是一个关键的睡眠阶段，它对大脑健康和帮助增强记忆力都很重要。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a crucial sleep stage，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故用which/ that。
2.(2026届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)Because there was no formal system to record trees’ survival rate, scientists launched a science project, _______ was aimed at recording it across the country.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：由于此前没有一套正式的系统来记录树木的存活率，因此科学家们启动了一个科研项目，旨在在全国范围内进行相关记录。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词project是物，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
3.( 2025-2026学年天津市滨海新区紫云中学下学期高考一考模拟)Galileo made many discoveries, _______ which the most important is the discovery that the Earth moves around the Sun.
【答案】of
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：伽利略有许多发现，其中最为重要的一项便是发现了地球围绕太阳运转这一事实。空格处是“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句，此处表示“在那些发现中最为重要的一项是发现了地球围绕太阳运转这一事实”，因此介词of表示“在……当中”，用of which引导定语从句。故填of。
4.( 2025-2026学年天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一)After years of hard work, she has finally reached a point in her career _______ she needs to make a crucial decision about her future path.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：经过多年的努力，她终于在职业生涯中到了一个需要为未来道路做出关键决定的阶段。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a point，且从句中缺少地点状语可知，此处用where引导定语从句。故填where。
5.( 2025-2026学年天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)The company’s profits could fall sharply this quarter, in ________ case we might have to freeze hiring.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家公司的利润在这个季度可能会急剧下降，在这种情况下，我们可能不得不冻结招聘。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，表示“在这种情况下”，用“in which case”来引导该定语从句，其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。而“in that case”通常用于引导一个独立的句子，表示“在那种情况下”，不能用于引导定语从句。故填which。
6.(2025-2026学年度湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学下学期高三英语周测)_______ struck me most was such plain warmth.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我印象深刻的是如此朴素的温暖。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，用what，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
7.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(一)The idea _______ we can use light to record sound dates back to the 19th century.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们可以用光来记录声音的想法可以追溯到19世纪。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容，从句不缺成分且句意完整，用连接词that。故填that。
8.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(二)This is consistent _______ findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of _______ a child will become close to nature.
【答案】with; whether
【详解】考查介词和宾语从句。句意：这与其他研究的结果相一致，这些研究指出，成年人与自然的紧密联系程度是决定孩子是否会亲近自然的最重要因素。根据“is consistent”可知，此处是固定搭配be consistent with，意为“与……一致”，此空应是介词with。分析句子结构可知，介词of后接宾语从句，从句主系表结构完整，此处需表达“是否”的含义，应是whether。故①填with；②填whether。
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. There are plans to introduce flying taxis _______ will be stationed on rooftops around busy cities.
A. that B. where C. when D. as
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有计划引入飞行出租车，这些出租车将被安置在繁忙城市各处的屋顶上。空处引导定语从句，先行词flying taxis，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that引导。故选A。
2. You should stop in at one of the many coffeehouses and enjoy the charming atmosphere, _______ San Franciscans love to do most.
A. where B. when C. which D. whose
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你应该顺便走进众多咖啡馆中的一家，享受这里迷人的氛围，这也是旧金山人最喜欢做的事。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故选C。
3. The factory _______ we visited last month is one of the leading production bases for new energy vehicles in North China.
A. where B. when C. that D. what
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们上个月参观的工厂是华北地区新能源汽车的主要生产基地之一。空处引导定语从句，先行词The factory，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that或which引导。故选C。
4. Self-discipline is all _______ it takes to make yourself a better person.
A. what B. how C. which D. that
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自律是使自己成为一个更好的人所需要的一切。此处为定语从句修饰先行词all，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，且先行词为all时，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选D。
5. Dawson is always in pursuit of perfection. That’s why he has higher goals _______ others may have been satisfied.
A. where B. what C. that D. which
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：道森总是追求完美。这就是为什么在别人可能已经满足的地方，他却设定了更高的目标。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词goals，该定语从句缺少地点状语，即“在……方面(其他人可能已经满足，但他有更高目标)”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选A。
6. It remains unclear _______ the 2026 Spring Festival Gala powered by AI, will bring to the audience in terms of artistic expression and cultural communication.
A. what B. that C. how D. whether
【答案】A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：目前尚不清楚由人工智能助力的2026年春晚将在艺术表现和文化传播方面为观众带来什么。A. what什么；B. that引导名词性从句，只起连接作用、无实意；C. how如何；D. whether是否。根据“bring to the audience”可知，此处缺少bring的宾语，表示“带来什么”，应用连接代词what引导主语从句。故选A。
7. There is no doubt that _______ parents behave in the family has a great effect on their children’s physical and mental development.
A. which B. what C. how D. where
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：毫无疑问，父母在家庭中的行为方式对孩子的身心发展有很大的影响。“_____ parents behave in the family”是主语从句，此处表达“父母在家庭中的行为方式”，所以应用how引导该从句，表示方式，在从句中作状语。故选C。
8. —What makes you so upset
—_______ I have misplaced my passport before the trip.
A. Because B. As C. Since D. That
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：--什么让你如此心烦意乱？--在旅行前我竟然把护照弄丢了。第二句中“the trip”后省略了“makes me so upset”，“________ I have misplaced my passport before the trip”是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导主语从句，故选D。
二. 单句语法填空
1. The job interview is a situation _______ you can show your personal ability and professional skills to the employer.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：求职面试是一个你可以向雇主展示你的个人能力和专业技能的场合。空处引导定语从句，先行词situation是抽象地点名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
2. The sharing economy provides a platform _______ which we can rent out our spare rooms or unused items to others.
【答案】on
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：共享经济提供了一个平台，在这个平台上我们可以把多余的房间或闲置物品租给别人。此处为定语从句，先行词是a platform，表示在“在平台上”需用介词on，故此处用on which引导从句，相当于where。故填on。
3. My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere Bookshop on Sant Ana, _______ owner would let me sit in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart’s content.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在整个城市里，我最喜欢的地方是桑塔纳街上的森佩雷书店，书店的主人会让我坐在一个角落里，尽情让我阅读我喜欢的任何书。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Sempere Bookshop，且从句中缺少定语修饰名词owner，表示“书店的主人”，因此应用关系代词whose，表明书店与owner的所属于关系，whose owner为定语从句的主语。故填whose。
4. Beijing is an ancient city, _______ is famous for the Great Wall.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：北京是一座古老的城市，它以长城而闻名。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是an ancient city，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5. As we know, Lost in Thailand is a very successful movie, the cost of _______ is only 30 million yuan.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，《泰囧》是一部非常成功的电影，它的成本只有3000万元。the cost of _____引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词movie，指物，定语从句中of后缺宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
6.People today watch mobile phone more than they buy books, which is _______ they understand visual information far better than written information.
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如今的人们看手机的时间远远多于买书的时间，这就是为什么他们对视觉信息的理解要远远胜过对文字信息的理解。空处引导表语从句，表示“……的原因”，使用连接副词why引导，故填why。
7. As I got older, trips back to Thanet opened my eyes to _______ I had left behind.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我再次踏上特纳特的土地，这才让我看清了自己所遗弃的一切。空处引导宾语从句作to的宾语，引导词在从句中作left的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。
8. Make sure _______ you are making accommodations through _______(reputation) sites for travel.
【答案】that; reputable
【详解】考查连接词和形容词。句意：确保你是通过声誉良好的旅游网站进行住宿预订。Make sure后常接宾语从句，此处you are making accommodations through... sites for travel是一个完整的句子，不缺成分，所以用引导词that，that在宾语从句中无实际意义，只起连接作用。 第二个空用形容词reputable来修饰名词sites，在句中作定语。 故填that；reputable。
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