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清单06 社会生活和个人成长
(
个人、家庭、社区及学校生活
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1. household adj. 家庭的
2. self-control n. 自制力；自我控制
3. gather vi. 聚集，集合 vt. 收拢；搜集，收集；聚集
4. apologize v. 道歉(apology n. 道歉)
5. generation n. 一代(人)
6. independent adj. 独立的(independence n. 独立)
7. tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受(tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的; tolerance n. 宽容)
8. talent/gift n. 天赋，才能(talented/gifted adj. 有天赋的)
9. adolescence n. 青春期；青春(adolescent adj. 青春期的；青少年的 n. 青少年)
10. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做；无偿做(voluntary adj. 自愿的
11. responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的
responsibility n. 责任；义务
12. absent adj. 缺席的，缺勤的
13. accustomed adj. 习惯的，惯常的
14. celebrate v. 庆祝(celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝活动)
15. concentrate v. 聚精会神；集中(注意力)
16. excellent adj. 优秀的
17. dormitory n. 学生宿舍，寝室
18. contest n. 比赛，竞赛
19. confident adj. 自信的
20. curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的
21. scholarship n. 奖学金
22. agony n. 痛楚，苦难
23. property n. 房产；所有物；财产
24. individual adj. 独特的，与众不同的(一般含褒义)
25. mature adj. 成熟的，明白事理的
26. well-rounded adj. 全面发展的；面面俱到的
27. potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的
28. register vt. & vi. 登记；注册
29. graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼
30. accommodation n. 住宿；膳宿
31. moral n. 道德；品行
32. criticism n. 批评
promise n. 折中，妥协
34. disheartened adj. 沮丧的，灰心的
35. subtle adj. 难以察觉的；微妙的
36. bittersweet adj. 苦乐参半的
37. persistent adj. 坚持不懈的，不屈不挠的；持续的
38. agenda n. (会议)议程表；议事日程
39. certificate n. 证书；文凭
pulsory adj. 强制的，必须做的
41. curriculum n. 课程
42. interval n. 间隔；间歇
43. boast v. 夸口说，自吹自擂；有(值得自豪的东西)
44. credit n. 信用，信誉；[金融]贷款；学分；信任
45. lead/live a…life 过着……的生活
46. devote oneself to致力于，献身于
47. be keen on 对……着迷的，对……有强烈兴趣的
48. ask for leave请假
49. sign up (for sth.) 报名(参加课程)
50. meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需求
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1. ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的
2. outgoing adj. 爱交际的；外向的
3. handsome adj. 英俊的；帅的
4. pretty adj. 漂亮的；俊俏的
5. ugly adj. 丑陋的；难看的
6. pale adj. 苍白的；灰白的
7. figure n. 体形；身材
8. overweight adj. 超重的
9. stubborn adj. 固执的；倔强的
10. acquisition n. 获得，习得
11. facial adj. 面部的
12. obey v. 服从；遵守
13. pleased/delighted adj. 高兴的
14. intelligent adj. 聪明的；机智的
15. outstanding adj. 杰出的
16. warm-hearted adj. 热心的
17. character n. 品格；特点
18. personality n. 个性；性格
19. grateful adj. 感激的
20. cultivate vt. 培养，养成(技能、态度或素质)
21. positive adj. 积极的；明确的
22. plain adj. 朴素的；简单的
23. desperate adj. 绝望的；渴望的；不顾一切的
24. blank adj. 茫然的；空虚的
25. indifferent adj. 冷漠的
26. violent adj. 暴力的
27. virtue n. 美德；品行
petent adj. 能胜任的
29. weep v. 哭泣；流泪
30. honourable adj. 可敬的；光荣的(=honorable)
31. complex adj. 复杂的；难以理解的
32. diligent adj. 勤奋的；勤勉的(diligence n. 勤奋)
33. depress vt. 使沮丧(depressed adj. 沮丧的；depression n. 沮丧)
34. aggressive adj. 侵略性的；好斗的
35. ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；愚蠢的；荒唐的
36. characteristic adj. 典型的；独特的 n. 特征；特性
37. initiative n. 主动性；积极性
38. cognition n. 认识，认知
39. righteous adj. 正派的，正直的
40. intently adv. 专心地；一心一意地
41. compassionate adj. 有同情心的
42. profound adj. (感情) 强烈的，深切的；深厚的
43. bookish adj. 好读书的，书呆子气的
44. misjudge v. 对(人或情况) 判断错误
45. exclaim v. (因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而) 呼喊，惊叫
46. rigid adj. 死板的；僵硬的；固执的
47. punctual adj. 守时的；准时的
48. straightforward adj. 简单的；坦率的
49. conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的 n. 保守的人；保守者
50. absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的
51. controversial adj. 引起争论的；有争议的
于
52. be curious about对……好奇
53. be relaxed with/get on well with与……相处融洽
54. be active in在……很积极
55. be of medium height中等身材
56. below average低于平均水平
57. be devoted to致力于；专注于
58. be responsible for对……负责
59. have a talent/gift for有……才能/天赋
60. be satisfied/content with对……满意
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1. classic adj. 经典的 n. 名著
2. flexible adj. 灵活的，可变通的
3. concept n. 概念；想法；理念
4. willpower n. 意志力；毅力
5. context n. 上下文；语境；背景
6. timely adj. 适时的，及时的
7. beyond prep. 超出……范围
8. breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展
9. degree n. 程度，等级；度；学位；阶层
10. technical adj. 工艺的，科技的；技术上的；专门的
11. polish vt. 修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 n. 抛光，上光
12. gap n. (大的)差距，差额，差别
prehension n. 理解力，领悟能力；理解练习
14. ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
15. simplification n. 简单化；单纯化
16. renew vt. 更新，更换；重新开始，中止后继续
17. pursue vt. 继续；从事；追赶；追求 vi. 追赶；继续进行
18. drill vt. & vi. 培训，训练；钻(孔) n. 练习，训练；钻，钻头
19. arrange vt. 排列，布置(arrangement n. 计划；安排)
20. inquire vt. & vi. 询问，打听
21. access n. 接触的机会；进入(accessible adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的)
22. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
23. approach n. 方法
24. likely adj. 很可能的；合适的；有希望的；adv. 很可能；或许
25. academic adj. 学术的；理论的；学院的
26. reference n. 参考；提到；推荐信(refer vi. 参考；涉及；提到；查阅 vt. 推荐；委托)
27. effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的(effectively adv. 有效地)
position n. 构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲
29. automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的
petence n. 能力，才干；胜任
31. odd adj. 奇特的
32. statistic n. 数据
33. sufficient adj. 充足的
34. normally adv. 通常，平常
35. cease vi. & vt. 停止，终止，结束
36. random adj. 随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的
37. assumption n. 假定，假设
38. abstract adj. 抽象的，纯理论的 vt. 把……抽象出，提取
39. bounce vt. (向某人)试探地透露(主意) vi. 跳动 n. 弹跳；活力
40. concrete adj. 确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的 n. 混凝土
41. recreation n. 娱乐，消遣
42. strategy n. 策略；战略；规划
43. periodically adv. 定期地
44. consultation n. 就诊；咨询；查阅
45. vocational adj. 职业的，业务知识的
46. extension n. 进修课；扩大，延伸
47. refresh vt. & vi. 更新；使恢复精力；使想起
48. strategic adj. 战略(上)的；至关重要的
49. presentation n. 幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出
50. verbal adj. 言语的，文字的；口头的
51. take in吸收；领会
52. catch up with赶上，追上
53. work out弄懂某事物；计算出
54. have a good command/knowledge of… 精通/了解……
55. be bound to do… 一定会，很可能会
56. keep pace with与……步调一致；与……并驾齐驱
57. reflect on思考
58. become aware that意识到，了解到，知道
59. be perceived as被视为，被理解为，被认为
60. be impressed on/upon sb 给某人留下深刻的印象
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1. author n. 作者，作家
2. employ vt. 雇用(employee n. 受雇者；雇员；employer n. 雇用者；雇主；employment n. 雇用；职业；工作；
unemployed adj. 失业的；被解雇的)
3. editor n. 编辑；编者；校订者
4. fire v. 解雇
5. journalist n. 记者
6. librarian n. 图书管理员
7. specialist n. 专科医生；专家；专业人员
8. photographer n. 摄影师
9. monitor n. 班长vt. 监视
10. occupation n. 职业
11. opportunity n. 机会
12. possible adj. 可能
13. proficiency n. 熟练；娴熟；精通
14. rational adj. (想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
15. manufacturer n. 制造商；制造公司，制造厂
16. entrepreneurial adj. 具有企业家素质的
17. designer n. 设计师
18. advertisement n. 广告
19. justice n. 公平；公正；合理
20. brand n. 品牌；牌子
21. exceed v. 超过，超出
22. interview n. & vt. 采访；会见；面试
23. manage v. 管理；设法完成
24. poster n. [C]海报；招贴画
25. accountant n. 会计；会计师
26. capable adj. 有能力的
27. deputy n. 副职，副手；代表，代理人
28. attendant n. 服务人员；侍者；随从
29. prospect n. 可能性，希望；前程
30. priority n. 优先事项
31. potential adj. 可能的，潜在的 n. 可能性；潜在性；潜能
32. vacant adj. 空缺的；未被占用的
33. surgeon n. 外科医生
34. orient vt. 使适应；面对；确定方向
35. afloat adj. 经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
36. dismiss vt. 让……离开；遣散；解散；解雇
petent adj. 足以胜任的
38. promotion n. 晋升；提拔
39. personnel n. 人员；人事部门
40. porter n. (尤指火车站、机场或旅馆)搬运工
41. staff n. 全体职工；行政人员
42. client n. 客户，顾客
43. enterprising adj. 有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
44. supervise vt. & vi. 主管；指导；监督
45. contract n. 合同；契约
46. be expert in ……方面的专家
47. be appointed as被任命为
48. apply to sb for. . . 向某人申请……
49. be fit/qualified/suitable for适合
50. resign from从……辞职21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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1. mental adj. 精神的；智力的
2. muscle n. 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉
3. homemade adj. 自制的，家里做的
4. obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
5. slim vi. 变苗条；减肥 adj. 苗条的；纤细的
6. appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
7. digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘
8. sugary adj. 含糖的；甜的
9. nutrition n. 营养，滋养
10. physically adv. 肉体地，身体上地
11. fitness n. 健康
12. envy n. & vt. 羡慕；忌妒
13. mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
14. upset adj. 心烦的，苦恼的 vt. 使心烦；打翻；扰乱
15. weakness n. 缺点；虚弱；弱点
16. rejection n. 拒绝，否决
17. strength n. 强项；长处；力量(strengthen vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强 vi. 变强)
18. cooperation n. 合作；协作(cooperate vi. 合作，配合；协作)
19. enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的(enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情)
20. chef n. 主厨，厨师
21. raw adj. 生的；未加工的
22. symptom n. 症状；征兆
23. dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
24. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)
25. prejudice n. 偏见；成见
26. pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
27. adversity n. 困境；逆境
28. adore vt. & vi. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢
29. interaction n. 交流
30. prescription n. 药方；诀窍
31. abortion n. 中途失败
32. vegetarian n. 素食主义者；食草动物 adj. 素食的；素的
33. cater v. 迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务
34. appetizer n. 开胃物，开胃食品；前菜，第一道菜
35. epidemic adj. 流行的；传染性的 n. 传染病；流行病；(风尚等的)流行
36. pandemic adj. (疾病)在全国(或世界)流行的 n. (全国或全球性)流行病，瘟疫
panionship n. 友谊；友好交往
38. long face愁眉苦脸
39. crack a smile笑了起来
40. put sb on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
例题1(2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I卷)英语真题A)
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy - related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel.
This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind - blowing," says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used," says Wipke.
21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A. 11. 6%. B. 45. 1%. C. 74. 5%. D. 86. 1%.
22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A. Planes B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships.
23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable.
【篇章导读】本文是一篇应用文，文章以“交通领域的绿色化”为核心，客观介绍了全球交通碳排放的现状，不同交通方式的解决方案以及能源变革中我们应该努力的方向。
21. C 细节理解题。由图中的"ROAD(PASSENGER)45. 1%"及"ROAD(GOODS)29. 4%"可知，道路车辆总排放占比需将客运与货运数据相加，经计算得45. 1% + 29. 4% =74. 5%，故选C项。
22. C 细节理解题。由"TRAINS-Electricity"部分中的"Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires"及"others can be made electric in pretty simple ways"可知，火车部分已实现电气化，且剩余部分可通过相当简单的方式改造，即火车是转型难度最低的交通工具，故选C项。
23. B 细节理解题。 由Wipke观点句"We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used"可知，其核心建议是加速发展可再生能源(renewables)，即应加大对绿色能源的投入力度，故选B项。
重点单词
1. ________ adj. 特别的，尤其的
2. ________ v. 脱碳
3. ________ n. 方式
4. ________ adj. 特定的
5. ________ n. 选择
6. be responsible for ________________
7. account for ________________
8. plug (sth. ) into sth. ________________
9. up to ________________
10. speed up ________________
熟词生义
1. breakdown 熟义：n. 故障，破损 文章义：n. ________
2. settle熟义：v. 安居，安定 v. ________
派生词
1. transport v. (用交通工具)运输，运送；(以自然方式)运输→________ n. 交通
2. power n. 力量→________ adj. 有力的
3. sustain v. 保持 →________ adj. 可持续的
4. recycle v. 循环→________ adj. 回收的
5. electric n. 电→________ v. 使电气化
6. design v. 设计→________ n. 重新设计
7. analyze/se v. 分析→________ n. 分析
合成词
1. greenhouse + gas =greenhouse gas n. ________________
2. light+ weight= lightweight n. ________________
3. energy+ efficient= energy-efficient adj. ________________
4. solid+ state=solid-state adj. ________________
5. mind+ blow= mind-blowing adj. ________________
【答案】
重点词汇：
1. particular 2. decarbonize 3. mode 4. specific 5. option
6. 对……负责 7. (数量、比例上)占 8. (将某物)与某物接通 9. 达到(某个标准) 10. (使)加快速度
熟词生义：1. 明细 2. 解决(争端、分歧等)
派生词：1. transportation 2. powerful 3. sustainable 4. recycled 5. electrify 6. redesign 7. analysis
合成词：
1. 温室气体(尤指二氧化碳)；2. 轻量级(拳击手)；比通常重量轻的人或东西；无足轻重的人(或事)
3. 节能的 4. 固态的 5. 非常令人吃惊的)
一、完形填空
My parents have a 91-year-old neighbour, Helen, who is cared for by nearby friends. Recently, my dad made it his 1 to move Helen’s mailbox, as it was 2 placed down a steep (陡峭的) driveway off a busy highway.
He 3 the mail service and arranged to 4 the mailbox location. Since Helen’s house is brick, attaching a mailbox directly was not an 5 . Then, at a flea (跳蚤) market, my dad, a keen collector, 6 an old-fashioned metal milk can, which 7 him of the first mailbox he and my mother shared years ago. Several days later, he managed to secure an old mailbox, 8 the milk can with concrete, set the mailbox on top, and 9 it near Helen’s front door. Now Helen can safely fetch her mail.
Later that week, Helen called to thank my dad, expressing how 10 she felt to have such loving 11 . She even invited him to 12 some timeless treasure from her backyard. After hanging up, my dad thought aloud about the whole thing.
When we drove by Helen’s house, my dad looked at the old mailbox, reborn through his quiet 13 . This small action brings fresh tears to my eyes, though it is no surprise that my dad lives to 14 others. My father, in his thoughtful and well-timed way, 15 said, “That was your mother’s and my first mailbox. I can still picture it standing by the road all those years ago. ”
1. A. mission B. proposal C. reaction D. ambition
2. A. conveniently B. dangerously C. cautiously D. strategically
3. A. rescued B. established C. restored D. contacted
4. A. change B. check C. mark D. register
5. A. example B. item C. option D. order
6. A. captured B. invested C. grabbed D. spotted
7. A. warned B. convinced C. reminded D. informed
8. A. compared B. filled C. provided D. mixed
9. A. placed B. stretched C. relieved D. hid
10. A. inspired B. blessed C. rewarded D. exhausted
11. A. postmen B. neighbours C. collectors D. drivers
12. A. take over B. hand in C. pick out D. put away
13. A. support B. struggle C. reflection D. kindness
14. A. respect B. impress C. serve D. entertain
15. A. frankly B. sorrowfully C. critically D. simply
【答案】
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爸爸帮邻居移动邮箱的暖心故事。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，我爸爸把移动海伦的邮箱作为自己的任务，因为邮箱危险地放置在一条繁忙的高速公路旁陡峭的车道尽头。A. mission任务；B. proposal提议；C. reaction反应；D. ambition雄心。根据下文“Several days later, he managed to secure an old mailbox, ____ the milk can with concrete, set the mailbox on top, and ____ it near Helen’s front door. ”可知，作者的爸爸的把移动邮箱当作自己的任务。故选A。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最近，我爸爸把移动海伦的邮箱作为自己的任务，因为邮箱危险地放置在一条繁忙的高速公路旁陡峭的车道尽头。A. conveniently方便地；B. dangerously危险地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. strategically战略性地。根据下文“down a steep (陡峭的) driveway off a busy highway”可知，邮箱放置的位置很危险。故选B。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他联系了邮政服务并安排改变邮箱的位置。A. rescued营救；B. established建立；C. restored恢复；D. contacted联系。根据下文“arranged to ____ the mailbox location”可知，要更改邮箱位置，首先需要联系邮政相关部门。故选D。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他联系了邮政服务并安排改变邮箱的位置。A. change改变；B. check检查；C. mark标记；D. register登记。根据前文“as it was ____ placed down a steep (陡峭的) driveway off a busy highway”可知，邮箱位置危险，所以爸爸安排改变邮箱位置。故选A。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于海伦的房子是砖砌的，直接安装邮箱不是一个选择。A. example例子；B. item物品；C. option选择；D. order命令。根据下文“Since Helen’s house is brick”可知，因为房子是砖砌的，所以直接安装邮箱不是一个可行的选择。故选C。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在一个跳蚤市场，我爸爸，一个热衷于收藏的人，发现了一个老式的金属牛奶罐，这让他想起了多年前他和妈妈共用的第一个邮箱。A. captured捕获；B. invested投资；C. grabbed抓住；D. spotted发现。根据上文“at a flea (跳蚤) market”可知，此处表示作者的爸爸在跳蚤市场发现了一个老式的金属牛奶罐。故选D。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在一个跳蚤市场，我爸爸，一个热衷于收藏的人，发现了一个老式的金属牛奶罐，这让他想起了多年前他和妈妈共用的第一个邮箱。A. warned警告；B. convinced使信服；C. reminded提醒，使想起；D. informed通知。根据下文“of the first mailbox he and my mother shared years ago”可知，这个牛奶罐让爸爸想起了多年前他和妈妈共用的第一个邮箱。故选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，他设法弄到了一个旧邮箱，用混凝土填满牛奶罐，把邮箱放在上面，然后把它放在海伦的前门附近。A. compared比较；B. filled填充；C. provided提供；D. mixed混合。根据下文“the milk can with concrete, set the mailbox on top”可知，爸爸用混凝土填满牛奶罐。故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，他设法弄到了一个旧邮箱，用混凝土填满牛奶罐，把邮箱放在上面，然后把它放在海伦的前门附近。A. placed放置；B. stretched伸展；C. relieved缓解；D. hid隐藏。根据下文“Now Helen can safely fetch her mail. ”可知，爸爸把做好的邮箱放在海伦前门附近，所以海伦可以安全拿到信件。故选A。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来那个星期，海伦打电话感谢我爸爸，表达她有如此有爱的邻居是多么幸运。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. blessed幸运的；C. rewarded有回报的；D. exhausted疲惫的。根据下文“to have such loving”以及语境可知，海伦得到父亲的热心帮助，内心充满感激，会觉得自己很幸运。故选B。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来那个星期，海伦打电话感谢我爸爸，表达她有如此有爱的邻居是多么幸运。A. postmen邮递员；B. neighbours邻居；C. collectors收藏家；D. drivers司机。根据前文“My parents have a 91-year-old neighbour, Helen,”可知，爸爸是海伦的邻居，所以海伦觉得自己有这样有爱的邻居很幸运。故选B。
12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她甚至邀请他从她后院挑选一些永不过时的宝贝。A. take over接管；B. hand in上交；C. pick out挑选；D. put away收起来。根据下文“some timeless treasure from her backyard”可知，海伦为了答谢父亲，让他挑选后院的宝贝作为谢礼。故选C。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们开车经过海伦家时，我爸爸看着那个通过他默默的善举重生的旧邮箱。A. support支持；B. struggle挣扎；C. reflection反思；D. kindness善举。根据上文“Recently, my dad made it his ____ to move Helen’s mailbox, ”以及语境可知，爸爸把做好的邮箱放在海伦前门附近，让海伦可以安全拿到信件，给海伦提供了帮助，所以这是一次善举。故选D。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小举动让我热泪盈眶，尽管我爸爸活着就是为了服务别人，这并不奇怪。A. respect尊重；B. impress给……留下印象；C. serve服务；D. entertain娱乐。根据上文“Recently, my dad made it his ____ to move Helen’s mailbox, as it was ____ placed down a steep (陡峭的) driveway off a busy highway. ”可知，爸爸为海伦把邮箱从危险的地方搬到他家的附近，所以此处表示爸爸活着就是为了服务别人。故选C。
15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸用他体贴而适时的方式简单地说：“那是你妈妈和我的第一个邮箱。我仍然能想象出多年前它立在路边的样子。”A. frankly坦率地；B. sorrowfully悲伤地；C. critically批判性地；D. simply简单地。根据下文“That was your mother’s and my first mailbox. ”可知，父亲做了好事却十分淡然，没有刻意宣扬，只是简单的说了一下。simply贴合他低调、朴实的性格特点。故选D。
二、阅读理解
A
Ruchita Sahukari, born with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)(脆骨症), is now pursuing journalism at IIMC from a wheelchair, challenging the odds against her. Despite social cruelty and schools refusing admission, her parents’ powerful backing kept her hope alive. Until 18, she was excluded from basic schooling and felt depressed.
At 18, Ruchita’s life changed when she joined Amrithavarshini, an NGO in Kerala. There, she met others with OI and made friends who inspired her. To bridge the academic gap, she completed the Bachelor Preparatory Programme at IGNOU in 2021 and earned a BA in English Literature in 2023. She then desired to become a journalist and set her sights on IIMC.
Getting into IIMC’s Eastern Regional Campus was one victory; moving around inside it freely was another. In India, where few educational institutions are fully accessible, Ruchita’s arrival motivated the campus to change. The administration built ramps(斜坡), constructed a special room in the ladies’ hostel, and allowed her mother to stay on campus to assist her.
“Supporting Ruchita is a reflection of our core values. Removing barriers nurtures dignity, courage, and the right to dream,” says Dr Anand K Pradhan, Regional Director of IIMC Dhenkanal. Her classmates also created a supportive ecosystem, helping her pursue her dreams.
Ruchita has already published stories, covering often overlooked topics. Her most challenging assignment was the 2025 Bihar elections coverage, but her friends supported her. "They make me feel like nothing is impossible," she says.
This year, Ruchita received the Rare Star Award from ORDI for her advocacy work. She dreams of becoming an advocacy journalist, highlighting policy gaps and accessibility failures. Her message to parents raising children with disabilities is direct: Parents have the responsibility to educate themselves and empower their child. You must trust and empower your child instead of leaving them weak. Change within the family, within the home, is the stepping stone towards bringing social change.
1. What kept Ruchita’s hope alive when she faced difficulties
A. Her own strong will. B. The help from her friends.
C. Her parents’strong support. D. The assistance from the NGO.
2. What did Ruchita do at the age of 18
A. She joined an NGO in Kerala. B. She completed a BA degree.
C. She started to pursue journalism. D. She published some stories.
3. What do we know about IIMC’s Eastern Regional Campus before Ruchita’s arrival
A. It offered no journalism courses.
B. It refused disabled students’ admission.
C. It let parents stay on campus to assist students.
D. It lacked full accessibility for disabled students.
4. Which of the following can best describe Ruchita
A. Pessimistic and self-centered. B. Positive and strong-willed.
C. Ambitious and noble-minded. D. Creative and warm-hearted.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了身患脆骨症的鲁奇塔在父母支持、各方帮助下克服重重困难进入印度媒体学院学习，还获奖并发表作品，她呼吁父母教育并赋能孩子。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Despite social cruelty and schools refusing admission, her parents’ powerful backing kept her hope alive. (尽管社会充满歧视，学校也拒绝录取她，但她父母强有力的支持让她心中的希望得以延续)”可知，面对社会的残酷和学校拒绝录取，是父母的大力支持让鲁奇塔保持希望。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“At 18, Ruchita’s life changed when she joined Amrithavarshini, an NGO in Kerala. (18岁那年，鲁奇塔的人生发生了转变，她加入了喀拉拉邦的一家非政府组织——阿姆里塔瓦尔什尼)”可知，18岁时鲁奇塔加入了喀拉拉邦的一个非政府组织。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“In India, where few educational institutions are fully accessible, Ruchita’s arrival motivated the campus to change. The administration built ramps (斜坡), constructed a special room in the ladies’ hostel, and allowed her mother to stay on campus to assist her. (在印度，由于很少有教育机构能够对所有人开放，鲁奇塔的到来促使学校做出了改变。学校管理层修建了斜坡，还在女生宿舍里增设了一个专用房间，并允许她的母亲留在学校里协助她)”可推知，在鲁奇塔到来之前，该校园它没有为残疾学生提供充分的便利。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Ruchita Sahukari, born with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) (骨脆症), is now pursuing journalism at IIMC from a wheelchair, challenging the odds against her. (鲁奇塔·萨胡卡里出生时就患有骨脆症(OI)，如今她坐在轮椅上在印度国际传媒学院攻读新闻学，勇敢地挑战着命运的重重阻碍)”及下文可知，文章描述了鲁奇塔如何克服天生的残疾、被学校拒收等巨大困难，在家人、朋友和机构的支持下，坚持追求教育，最终考入大学并开始新闻事业，致力于为弱势群体发声。她的整个历程充满了挑战，但她始终展现出积极面对的态度和坚定的意志。由此推知，最能描述她的品质是“积极而意志坚定”。故选B。
B
In a groundbreaking development for neuroscience, a team at Tsinghua University has successfully tested a next-generation “Brain-Computer Interface”(BCI) that allows paralyzed patients to control robotic limbs with unprecedented precision. Unlike previous models that required invasive surgery and often caused immune reactions, this new device is minimally invasive and uses flexible electronics that mimic the texture of brain tissue.
The technology, detailed in the journal Nature, works by placing a mesh of electrodes on the brain’s surface. These electrodes pick up neural signals and translate them into digital commands in milliseconds. In clinical trials, a 35-year-old patient with spinal cord injury was able to grasp a cup of water and feed himself using a robotic arm, a task he hadn’t performed in over a decade.
The implications extend beyond mobility. Researchers believe this technology could eventually help restore speech to patients with locked-in syndrome or treat neurological disorders like Parkinson’s. “This is not just about moving a limb,” said Professor Zhang, the lead researcher. “It’s about restoring a sense of agency and connection to the world. ”
However, the technology raises profound ethical questions. As BCIs become more advanced, issues of privacy, data security, and “neuro-rights” come to the forefront. Who owns the data generated by your brain Could this technology be hacked These are questions scientists, lawmakers, and society must answer as we enter this new era of human augmentation.
5. What is the key advancement of the new BCI
A. It requires major brain surgery.
B. It uses rigid materials for stability.
C. It is minimally invasive and biocompatible.
D. It is only used for experimental purposes.
6. What was achieved in the clinical trial
A. A patient regained full mobility.
B. A patient controlled a robotic arm to perform a daily task.
C. A patient recovered from spinal cord injury.
D. A patient communicated verbally.
7. According to Professor Zhang, what is the deeper impact of this technology
A. It will replace all traditional medical treatments.
B. It will make robots smarter than humans.
C. It restores the patient's sense of control and connection.
D. It eliminates the need for physical therapy.
8. What is the main concern discussed in the last paragraph
A. The high cost of the surgery.
B. The potential for job loss.
C. Ethical issues regarding brain data privacy.
D. The lack of qualified surgeons.
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了清华大学研发的新一代微创、柔性脑机接口技术，该技术可帮助瘫痪患者精准控制机械臂完成日常动作，具有重大医学价值，同时也引发了相关伦理与数据安全问题。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlike previous models that required invasive surgery and often caused immune reactions, this new device is minimally invasive and uses flexible electronics that mimic the texture of brain tissue. (与之前需要侵入性手术并经常引起免疫反应的模型不同，这种新设备是微创的，并使用模仿脑组织质地的柔性电子设备。)”可知，旧设备需要侵入性手术、常引发免疫排异反应，新设备是微创，还使用了模仿脑组织纹理的柔性材料，由此可知，这款新型脑机接口的关键进步是微创且生物相容。故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In clinical trials, a 35-year-old patient with spinal cord injury was able to grasp a cup of water and feed himself using a robotic arm, a task he hadn’t performed in over a decade. (在临床试验中，一名35岁的脊髓损伤患者能够用机械臂抓取水杯并自己进食，这是他十多年来都未曾做到的事情。)”可知，临床试验中一位脊髓损伤患者控制机械臂完成了拿水杯喂自己喝水这个日常任务。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据第三段中““This is not just about moving a limb,” said Professor Zhang, the lead researcher. “It’s about restoring a sense of agency and connection to the world. ”(“这不仅仅是移动肢体，” 首席研究员张教授说，“更是为了恢复人的自主感以及与世界的联系。”)”可知，张教授认为这项技术更深层的影响是恢复患者的掌控感与和世界的连接。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“However, the technology raises profound ethical questions. As BCIs become more advanced, issues of privacy, data security, and ‘neuro-rights’ come to the forefront. Who owns the data generated by your brain Could this technology be hacked (然而，这项技术引发了深刻的伦理问题。随着脑机接口变得越来越先进，隐私、数据安全和“神经权利”问题成为人们关注的焦点。谁拥有你的大脑产生的数据？这项技术是否会被黑客攻击？)”可知，最后一段主要讨论的是关于大脑数据隐私的伦理问题。故选C。
三 阅读理解七选五
In psychology, the word “prove” is used carefully, much like a painter applies each brushstroke(笔触) with great care. Unlike the strong conclusions in physical sciences, psychological research builds a bigger picture through many small studies. 1 His discovery was not a sudden breakthrough but the result of hard and detailed work.
Similarly, Elizabeth Loftus’s research doubts how accurate witness reports are. Instead of calling it “unreliable,” researchers use terms like “potential unreliability.” 2 So, they use words like “demonstrate” and “suggest” to show the uncertainty in their conclusions.
3 Instead, I teach my students to think critically about how to use it, much like a gardener who cares for plants. When students first use the word, I encourage them to think about factors that could challenge their conclusions. For example, I might ask them, “How do we know that not all participants had false memories ” Or, for French students, “Why might these findings not apply to French culture ”
This approach helps students grasp the complexity of psychological research and develop critical thinking skills. It encourages them to reflect and analyze, helping them communicate their findings with accuracy. 4
In psychology, “proving” something is like building a symphony. 5 In education, teaching critical thinking and clear language use is essential for understanding the core of psychological research.
A. This indicates that findings might change.
B. In my classroom, I do not ban the word “prove.”
C. Each piece of evidence adds to a larger understanding.
D. Psychological theories are often revised as new evidence emerges.
E. As a teacher, I often remind my students to use this word appropriately.
F. This method also builds appreciation for the depth of psychological inquiry.
G. For example, Eric Kandel spent years studying sea animals to learn how memory works.
【答案】1. G 2. A 3. B 4. F 5. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了心理学研究中“证明”一词的谨慎使用，及其对学生批判性思维培养的重要性。
1. 由上文“Unlike the strong conclusions in physical sciences, psychological research builds a bigger picture through many small studies. (与物理科学中的强烈结论不同，心理学研究是通过许多小型研究来构建一个更大的图景。)”可知，心理学研究是通过累积多个小研究的成果来形成整体理解的。本空应对心理学研究是如何通过长时间和细致的工作来取得成果的进行举例说明。G选项“For example, Eric Kandel spent years studying sea animals to learn how memory works. (例如，埃里克·坎德尔花了数年时间研究海洋动物，以了解记忆的工作原理。)”提供了一个具体的例子，说明心理学研究是如何通过长时间和细致的工作来取得成果的。这与上文的观点相吻合，即通过多个小研究来构建对某一领域的整体理解。故选G。
2. 由上文“Similarly, Elizabeth Loftus’s research doubts how accurate witness reports are. Instead of calling it “unreliable,” researchers use terms like “potential unreliability. ” (同样，伊丽莎白·洛夫图斯的研究对目击者报告的准确性表示怀疑。研究人员没有称其为“不可靠”，而是使用诸如“可能不可靠”之类的术语。)”可知，心理学研究在表达结论时倾向于使用较为谨慎的措辞，本空应强调这么作的原因。A选项“This indicates that findings might change. (这表明研究结果可能会改变。)”进一步说明了心理学研究结论的不确定性，即研究结果可能会随着新的证据或研究的深入而发生变化。这与上文的观点一致，即心理学研究在表达结论时更注重谨慎和不确定性。故选A。
3. 由下文“It encourages them to reflect and analyze, helping them communicate their findings with accuracy. (相反，我教我的学生批判性地思考如何使用它，就像园丁照顾植物一样。)”可知，作者在教学上采取了一种不同于传统禁止某些词汇使用的做法，本空应强调作者的教学方法。B选项“In my classroom, I do not ban the word “prove. ” (在我的课堂上，我不禁止使用“证明”这个词。)”直接引出了下文的内容，即作者在教学上对于“证明”这个词的开放态度。故选B。
4. 由上文“This approach helps students grasp the complexity of psychological research and develop critical thinking skills. It encourages them to reflect and analyze, helping them communicate their findings with accuracy. (这种方法帮助学生掌握心理学研究的复杂性，并培养他们的批判性思维能力。它鼓励学生进行反思和分析，帮助他们准确地传达自己的发现。)”可知，作者的教学方法有助于学生掌握心理学研究的复杂性，并培养他们的批判性思维能力，本空应继续强调这种做法的好处。F选项“This method also builds appreciation for the depth of psychological inquiry. (这种方法还增强了对心理学探究深度的欣赏。)”进一步强调了这种教学方法的积极作用，即不仅有助于学生掌握知识和技能，还能增强他们对心理学研究的兴趣和欣赏。这与上文的观点相辅相成，符合题意。故选F。
5. 由上文“In psychology, “proving” something is like building a symphony. (在心理学中，“证明”某件事就像创作一部交响乐。)”可知，心理学中的“证明”是一个复杂而细致的过程，需要多个元素和部分的协同作用，本空应强调每个部分对于整体的作用。C选项“Each piece of evidence adds to a larger understanding. (每一份证据都增加了对整体的理解。)”与上文的比喻相呼应，即每一份证据就像交响乐中的一个音符，共同构成了对某一问题的整体理解。这与上文的观点一致，即心理学中的“证明”是一个需要累积多个证据和研究的过程。故选C。
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Among the foundational cornerstones of early Chinese civilization, Hongshan Culture holds a place of profound significance. Hongshan Culture, flourishing roughly from 4700 to 2900 BCE in 1 is now Liaoning Province and neighboring regions, stands 2 one of China’s most remarkable Neolithic (新石器) cultures. The most famous site, Niheliang, 3 (feature) a magnificent temple and rubble-mound stone tombs. Hongshan Culture is 4 (unique) characterized by its ritual(礼仪的) practices, which reflect a sophisticated social structure far beyond many contemporary cultures.
Hongshan Culture, 5 influence spreads across a vast area of Northeast China, offers a fascinating insight into early Chinese civilization. It is famed for its jade artifacts, such as the iconic “C-shaped dragon” and pig-dragon statues that demonstrate an unparalleled level of craftsmanship and a 6 (symbol) belief system. Besides jade, Hongshan people also built large-scale ceremonial sites, 7 (highlight) their organizational capabilities.
Equally notable is the 8 (maintain) of cultural continuity in the region. Elements of Hongshan’s jade art and ritual traditions have greatly influenced later Chinese civilizations, forming 9 important link in the country’s cultural heritage. Today, ongoing archaeological work enables new evidence 10 (uncover) every year, helping us better understand the origins of ancient Chinese societies and their spiritual world.
【答案】
1. what 2. as 3. features 4. uniquely 5. whose
6. symbolic 7. highlighting 8. maintenance 9. an 10. to be uncovered
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红山文化，包括其地理位置、时间跨度、独特特点、文化影响以及考古发现等，展现了红山文化在中国早期文明中的重要地位。
1. 考查宾语从句。句意：红山文化大约在公元前4700年至2900年繁荣于现在的辽宁省及其周边地区，是中国最杰出的新石器文化之一。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
2. 考查介词。句意：红山文化大约在公元前4700年至2900年繁荣于现在的辽宁省及其周边地区，是中国最杰出的新石器文化之一。stand as为固定短语，意为“作为……而存在”。故填as。
3. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：最著名的遗址牛河梁，有一座宏伟的寺庙和碎石土堆石墓。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为The most famous site，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填features。
4. 考查副词。句意：红山文化的独特之处在于其礼仪习俗，这反映了其社会结构远比许多同时代的文化复杂。修饰动词characterized需用副词uniquely作状语。故填uniquely。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：红山文化的影响遍及中国东北的广大地区，为我们了解中国早期文明提供了迷人的视角。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hongshan Culture，在从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
6. 考查形容词。句意：它以玉器而闻名，如标志性的“C形龙”和猪龙雕像，这些雕像展示了无与伦比的工艺水平和象征性的信仰体系。修饰名词belief system需用形容词symbolic作定语。故填symbolic。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了玉器，红山人还建造了大型的礼仪场所，突出了他们的组织能力。已有谓语动词built，空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，和前面整个句子是主谓关系，用现在分词形式。故填highlighting。
8. 考查名词。句意：同样值得注意的是该地区文化连续性的保持。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词maintenance作主语。故填maintenance。
9. 考查冠词。句意：红山玉器艺术和礼仪传统对后来的中国文明产生了巨大影响，成为中国文化遗产中的重要一环。link为可数名词，此处表示泛指，important发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，持续的考古工作每年都能发现新的证据，帮助我们更好地了解中国古代社会的起源及其精神世界。enable sth. to do sth. 为固定用法，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语，evidence和uncover为被动关系，需用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be uncovered。
五、书面表达
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a child, I lived in a small town in Portugal. People in our neighborhood were very close and always helped each other. There were many small shops in our street — a baker, a fish seller, a vegetable seller, and a small grocery store. Most families didn’t have much money, but we managed to live comfortably enough.
One family struggled more than others — the Silva family who lived next to the church. Mr. Silva worked as a cleaner but found it hard to find regular work. He had four young children to feed. My mother always felt sorry for them. “Those children need warmer clothes,” she would say. “And they look so thin.” Since our family was a little better off, my mother often cooked extra soup or bread and brought it to the Silva family.
I remember one winter that was especially difficult. Even my father’s construction work became less frequent. We had to be careful with our money and food. One evening, my mother heard that Mr. Silva had lost his job. Without thinking twice, she started preparing a large pot of bean soup. “But Mother,” I complained, “that’s our dinner for tomorrow!” She simply replied, “They have nothing to eat tonight. We still have some food for tomorrow. ”
Thankfully, things improved when spring came. Mr. Silva found a steady job at a new hotel in town. The family began to stand on their own feet again.
Just when everything seemed better, my father had an accident at a construction site and broke his leg. He couldn’t work for months. My mother’s small income from sewing clothes wasn’t enough for our family. We fell behind on rent and had to borrow money for food. My sister and I thought we would have to leave school.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then something wonderful happened.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With Mr. Silva’s help, our life slowly returned to normal.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Then something wonderful happened. When Mr. Silva learned about our situation, he came to our house immediately. “You helped my family when we were hungry,” he said. “Now it’s my turn to help you. ” Mr. Silva talked to his boss and found my father a lighter job at the hotel that he could do even with his injured leg. He also lent us money to pay our rent until my father could work normally again. “Your children must continue their studies” he told my parents. “Education is important.”
With Mr. Silva’s help, our life slowly returned to normal. My father’s leg healed well, and he kept his new job at the hotel. My sister and I continued going to school and studied even harder. When my mother tried to thank Mr. Silva, he smiled and said, “Friends help each other. That’s what neighbors do. ” That day I learned that kindness is like planting a seed — one day it grows and gives you shade when you need it most.
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者小时候在葡萄牙小镇的生活经历，邻居间互帮互助。作者一家虽不富裕但生活舒适，常帮助生活更艰难的席尔瓦一家。冬季时作者家经济也紧张，但仍优先帮助失业的席尔瓦一家。春天席尔瓦家情况好转，可作者父亲却因事故无法工作，家庭陷入困境，面临交不起房租和孩子可能辍学的状况。
【详解】
1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“随后，一件美好的事情发生了。”可知，第一段可描写席尔瓦先生为作者一家提供的具体帮助。
②由第二段首句内容“在席尔瓦先生的帮助下，我们的生活慢慢恢复了正常。”可知，第二段可描写作者一家的生活步入正轨，母亲表示感谢和作者的感悟。
2. 续写线索：提供具体帮助——生活步入正轨——表示感谢——回应——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②继续：continue/proceed
③尝试做某事：try to do sth/attempt to do sth
情绪类
①感谢：thank/appreciate
②善良：kindness/goodness
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Mr. Silva talked to his boss and found my father a lighter job at the hotel that he could do even with his injured leg. (运用了that引导定语从句)
[高分句型2]That day I learned that kindness is like planting a seed — one day it grows and gives you shade when you need it most. (运用了that引导宾语从句，when引导时间状语从句)
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)清单06 社会生活和个人成长
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1. household adj. 家庭的
2. self-control n. 自制力；自我控制
3. gather vi. 聚集，集合 vt. 收拢；搜集，收集；聚集
4. apologize v. 道歉(apology n. 道歉)
5. generation n. 一代(人)
6. independent adj. 独立的(independence n. 独立)
7. tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受(tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的; tolerance n. 宽容)
8. talent/gift n. 天赋，才能(talented/gifted adj. 有天赋的)
9. adolescence n. 青春期；青春(adolescent adj. 青春期的；青少年的 n. 青少年)
10. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做；无偿做(voluntary adj. 自愿的
11. responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的
responsibility n. 责任；义务
12. absent adj. 缺席的，缺勤的
13. accustomed adj. 习惯的，惯常的
14. celebrate v. 庆祝(celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝活动)
15. concentrate v. 聚精会神；集中(注意力)
16. excellent adj. 优秀的
17. dormitory n. 学生宿舍，寝室
18. contest n. 比赛，竞赛
19. confident adj. 自信的
20. curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的
21. scholarship n. 奖学金
22. agony n. 痛楚，苦难
23. property n. 房产；所有物；财产
24. individual adj. 独特的，与众不同的(一般含褒义)
25. mature adj. 成熟的，明白事理的
26. well-rounded adj. 全面发展的；面面俱到的
27. potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的
28. register vt. & vi. 登记；注册
29. graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼
30. accommodation n. 住宿；膳宿
31. moral n. 道德；品行
32. criticism n. 批评
promise n. 折中，妥协
34. disheartened adj. 沮丧的，灰心的
35. subtle adj. 难以察觉的；微妙的
36. bittersweet adj. 苦乐参半的
37. persistent adj. 坚持不懈的，不屈不挠的；持续的
38. agenda n. (会议)议程表；议事日程
39. certificate n. 证书；文凭
pulsory adj. 强制的，必须做的
41. curriculum n. 课程
42. interval n. 间隔；间歇
43. boast v. 夸口说，自吹自擂；有(值得自豪的东西)
44. credit n. 信用，信誉；[金融]贷款；学分；信任
45. lead/live a…life 过着……的生活
46. devote oneself to致力于，献身于
47. be keen on 对……着迷的，对……有强烈兴趣的
48. ask for leave请假
49. sign up (for sth.) 报名(参加课程)
50. meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需求
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1. ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的
2. outgoing adj. 爱交际的；外向的
3. handsome adj. 英俊的；帅的
4. pretty adj. 漂亮的；俊俏的
5. ugly adj. 丑陋的；难看的
6. pale adj. 苍白的；灰白的
7. figure n. 体形；身材
8. overweight adj. 超重的
9. stubborn adj. 固执的；倔强的
10. acquisition n. 获得，习得
11. facial adj. 面部的
12. obey v. 服从；遵守
13. pleased/delighted adj. 高兴的
14. intelligent adj. 聪明的；机智的
15. outstanding adj. 杰出的
16. warm-hearted adj. 热心的
17. character n. 品格；特点
18. personality n. 个性；性格
19. grateful adj. 感激的
20. cultivate vt. 培养，养成(技能、态度或素质)
21. positive adj. 积极的；明确的
22. plain adj. 朴素的；简单的
23. desperate adj. 绝望的；渴望的；不顾一切的
24. blank adj. 茫然的；空虚的
25. indifferent adj. 冷漠的
26. violent adj. 暴力的
27. virtue n. 美德；品行
petent adj. 能胜任的
29. weep v. 哭泣；流泪
30. honourable adj. 可敬的；光荣的(=honorable)
31. complex adj. 复杂的；难以理解的
32. diligent adj. 勤奋的；勤勉的(diligence n. 勤奋)
33. depress vt. 使沮丧(depressed adj. 沮丧的；depression n. 沮丧)
34. aggressive adj. 侵略性的；好斗的
35. ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；愚蠢的；荒唐的
36. characteristic adj. 典型的；独特的 n. 特征；特性
37. initiative n. 主动性；积极性
38. cognition n. 认识，认知
39. righteous adj. 正派的，正直的
40. intently adv. 专心地；一心一意地
41. compassionate adj. 有同情心的
42. profound adj. (感情) 强烈的，深切的；深厚的
43. bookish adj. 好读书的，书呆子气的
44. misjudge v. 对(人或情况) 判断错误
45. exclaim v. (因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而) 呼喊，惊叫
46. rigid adj. 死板的；僵硬的；固执的
47. punctual adj. 守时的；准时的
48. straightforward adj. 简单的；坦率的
49. conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的 n. 保守的人；保守者
50. absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的
51. controversial adj. 引起争论的；有争议的
于
52. be curious about对……好奇
53. be relaxed with/get on well with与……相处融洽
54. be active in在……很积极
55. be of medium height中等身材
56. below average低于平均水平
57. be devoted to致力于；专注于
58. be responsible for对……负责
59. have a talent/gift for有……才能/天赋
60. be satisfied/content with对……满意
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1. classic adj. 经典的 n. 名著
2. flexible adj. 灵活的，可变通的
3. concept n. 概念；想法；理念
4. willpower n. 意志力；毅力
5. context n. 上下文；语境；背景
6. timely adj. 适时的，及时的
7. beyond prep. 超出……范围
8. breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展
9. degree n. 程度，等级；度；学位；阶层
10. technical adj. 工艺的，科技的；技术上的；专门的
11. polish vt. 修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 n. 抛光，上光
12. gap n. (大的)差距，差额，差别
prehension n. 理解力，领悟能力；理解练习
14. ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
15. simplification n. 简单化；单纯化
16. renew vt. 更新，更换；重新开始，中止后继续
17. pursue vt. 继续；从事；追赶；追求 vi. 追赶；继续进行
18. drill vt. & vi. 培训，训练；钻(孔) n. 练习，训练；钻，钻头
19. arrange vt. 排列，布置(arrangement n. 计划；安排)
20. inquire vt. & vi. 询问，打听
21. access n. 接触的机会；进入(accessible adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的)
22. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
23. approach n. 方法
24. likely adj. 很可能的；合适的；有希望的；adv. 很可能；或许
25. academic adj. 学术的；理论的；学院的
26. reference n. 参考；提到；推荐信(refer vi. 参考；涉及；提到；查阅 vt. 推荐；委托)
27. effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的(effectively adv. 有效地)
position n. 构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲
29. automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的
petence n. 能力，才干；胜任
31. odd adj. 奇特的
32. statistic n. 数据
33. sufficient adj. 充足的
34. normally adv. 通常，平常
35. cease vi. & vt. 停止，终止，结束
36. random adj. 随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的
37. assumption n. 假定，假设
38. abstract adj. 抽象的，纯理论的 vt. 把……抽象出，提取
39. bounce vt. (向某人)试探地透露(主意) vi. 跳动 n. 弹跳；活力
40. concrete adj. 确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的 n. 混凝土
41. recreation n. 娱乐，消遣
42. strategy n. 策略；战略；规划
43. periodically adv. 定期地
44. consultation n. 就诊；咨询；查阅
45. vocational adj. 职业的，业务知识的
46. extension n. 进修课；扩大，延伸
47. refresh vt. & vi. 更新；使恢复精力；使想起
48. strategic adj. 战略(上)的；至关重要的
49. presentation n. 幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出
50. verbal adj. 言语的，文字的；口头的
51. take in吸收；领会
52. catch up with赶上，追上
53. work out弄懂某事物；计算出
54. have a good command/knowledge of… 精通/了解……
55. be bound to do… 一定会，很可能会
56. keep pace with与……步调一致；与……并驾齐驱
57. reflect on思考
58. become aware that意识到，了解到，知道
59. be perceived as被视为，被理解为，被认为
60. be impressed on/upon sb 给某人留下深刻的印象
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1. author n. 作者，作家
2. employ vt. 雇用(employee n. 受雇者；雇员；employer n. 雇用者；雇主；employment n. 雇用；职业；工作；
unemployed adj. 失业的；被解雇的)
3. editor n. 编辑；编者；校订者
4. fire v. 解雇
5. journalist n. 记者
6. librarian n. 图书管理员
7. specialist n. 专科医生；专家；专业人员
8. photographer n. 摄影师
9. monitor n. 班长vt. 监视
10. occupation n. 职业
11. opportunity n. 机会
12. possible adj. 可能
13. proficiency n. 熟练；娴熟；精通
14. rational adj. (想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
15. manufacturer n. 制造商；制造公司，制造厂
16. entrepreneurial adj. 具有企业家素质的
17. designer n. 设计师
18. advertisement n. 广告
19. justice n. 公平；公正；合理
20. brand n. 品牌；牌子
21. exceed v. 超过，超出
22. interview n. & vt. 采访；会见；面试
23. manage v. 管理；设法完成
24. poster n. [C]海报；招贴画
25. accountant n. 会计；会计师
26. capable adj. 有能力的
27. deputy n. 副职，副手；代表，代理人
28. attendant n. 服务人员；侍者；随从
29. prospect n. 可能性，希望；前程
30. priority n. 优先事项
31. potential adj. 可能的，潜在的 n. 可能性；潜在性；潜能
32. vacant adj. 空缺的；未被占用的
33. surgeon n. 外科医生
34. orient vt. 使适应；面对；确定方向
35. afloat adj. 经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
36. dismiss vt. 让……离开；遣散；解散；解雇
petent adj. 足以胜任的
38. promotion n. 晋升；提拔
39. personnel n. 人员；人事部门
40. porter n. (尤指火车站、机场或旅馆)搬运工
41. staff n. 全体职工；行政人员
42. client n. 客户，顾客
43. enterprising adj. 有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
44. supervise vt. & vi. 主管；指导；监督
45. contract n. 合同；契约
46. be expert in ……方面的专家
47. be appointed as被任命为
48. apply to sb for. . . 向某人申请……
49. be fit/qualified/suitable for适合
50. resign from从……辞职21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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1. mental adj. 精神的；智力的
2. muscle n. 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉
3. homemade adj. 自制的，家里做的
4. obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
5. slim vi. 变苗条；减肥 adj. 苗条的；纤细的
6. appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
7. digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘
8. sugary adj. 含糖的；甜的
9. nutrition n. 营养，滋养
10. physically adv. 肉体地，身体上地
11. fitness n. 健康
12. envy n. & vt. 羡慕；忌妒
13. mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
14. upset adj. 心烦的，苦恼的 vt. 使心烦；打翻；扰乱
15. weakness n. 缺点；虚弱；弱点
16. rejection n. 拒绝，否决
17. strength n. 强项；长处；力量(strengthen vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强 vi. 变强)
18. cooperation n. 合作；协作(cooperate vi. 合作，配合；协作)
19. enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的(enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情)
20. chef n. 主厨，厨师
21. raw adj. 生的；未加工的
22. symptom n. 症状；征兆
23. dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
24. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)
25. prejudice n. 偏见；成见
26. pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
27. adversity n. 困境；逆境
28. adore vt. & vi. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢
29. interaction n. 交流
30. prescription n. 药方；诀窍
31. abortion n. 中途失败
32. vegetarian n. 素食主义者；食草动物 adj. 素食的；素的
33. cater v. 迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务
34. appetizer n. 开胃物，开胃食品；前菜，第一道菜
35. epidemic adj. 流行的；传染性的 n. 传染病；流行病；(风尚等的)流行
36. pandemic adj. (疾病)在全国(或世界)流行的 n. (全国或全球性)流行病，瘟疫
panionship n. 友谊；友好交往
38. long face愁眉苦脸
39. crack a smile笑了起来
40. put sb on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
例题1(2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I卷)英语真题A)
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy - related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel.
This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind - blowing," says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used," says Wipke.
21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A. 11. 6%. B. 45. 1%. C. 74. 5%. D. 86. 1%.
22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A. Planes B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships.
23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable.
重点单词
1. ________ adj. 特别的，尤其的
2. ________ v. 脱碳
3. ________ n. 方式
4. ________ adj. 特定的
5. ________ n. 选择
6. be responsible for ________________
7. account for ________________
8. plug (sth. ) into sth. ________________
9. up to ________________
10. speed up ________________
熟词生义
1. breakdown 熟义：n. 故障，破损 文章义：n. ________
2. settle熟义：v. 安居，安定 v. ________
派生词
1. transport v. (用交通工具)运输，运送；(以自然方式)运输→________ n. 交通
2. power n. 力量→________ adj. 有力的
3. sustain v. 保持 →________ adj. 可持续的
4. recycle v. 循环→________ adj. 回收的
5. electric n. 电→________ v. 使电气化
6. design v. 设计→________ n. 重新设计
7. analyze/se v. 分析→________ n. 分析
合成词
1. greenhouse + gas =greenhouse gas n. ________________
2. light+ weight= lightweight n. ________________
3. energy+ efficient= energy-efficient adj. ________________
4. solid+ state=solid-state adj. ________________
5. mind+ blow= mind-blowing adj. ________________
一、完形填空
My parents have a 91-year-old neighbour, Helen, who is cared for by nearby friends. Recently, my dad made it his 1 to move Helen’s mailbox, as it was 2 placed down a steep (陡峭的) driveway off a busy highway.
He 3 the mail service and arranged to 4 the mailbox location. Since Helen’s house is brick, attaching a mailbox directly was not an 5 . Then, at a flea (跳蚤) market, my dad, a keen collector, 6 an old-fashioned metal milk can, which 7 him of the first mailbox he and my mother shared years ago. Several days later, he managed to secure an old mailbox, 8 the milk can with concrete, set the mailbox on top, and 9 it near Helen’s front door. Now Helen can safely fetch her mail.
Later that week, Helen called to thank my dad, expressing how 10 she felt to have such loving 11 . She even invited him to 12 some timeless treasure from her backyard. After hanging up, my dad thought aloud about the whole thing.
When we drove by Helen’s house, my dad looked at the old mailbox, reborn through his quiet 13 . This small action brings fresh tears to my eyes, though it is no surprise that my dad lives to 14 others. My father, in his thoughtful and well-timed way, 15 said, “That was your mother’s and my first mailbox. I can still picture it standing by the road all those years ago. ”
1. A. mission B. proposal C. reaction D. ambition
2. A. conveniently B. dangerously C. cautiously D. strategically
3. A. rescued B. established C. restored D. contacted
4. A. change B. check C. mark D. register
5. A. example B. item C. option D. order
6. A. captured B. invested C. grabbed D. spotted
7. A. warned B. convinced C. reminded D. informed
8. A. compared B. filled C. provided D. mixed
9. A. placed B. stretched C. relieved D. hid
10. A. inspired B. blessed C. rewarded D. exhausted
11. A. postmen B. neighbours C. collectors D. drivers
12. A. take over B. hand in C. pick out D. put away
13. A. support B. struggle C. reflection D. kindness
14. A. respect B. impress C. serve D. entertain
15. A. frankly B. sorrowfully C. critically D. simply
二、阅读理解
A
Ruchita Sahukari, born with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)(脆骨症), is now pursuing journalism at IIMC from a wheelchair, challenging the odds against her. Despite social cruelty and schools refusing admission, her parents’ powerful backing kept her hope alive. Until 18, she was excluded from basic schooling and felt depressed.
At 18, Ruchita’s life changed when she joined Amrithavarshini, an NGO in Kerala. There, she met others with OI and made friends who inspired her. To bridge the academic gap, she completed the Bachelor Preparatory Programme at IGNOU in 2021 and earned a BA in English Literature in 2023. She then desired to become a journalist and set her sights on IIMC.
Getting into IIMC’s Eastern Regional Campus was one victory; moving around inside it freely was another. In India, where few educational institutions are fully accessible, Ruchita’s arrival motivated the campus to change. The administration built ramps(斜坡), constructed a special room in the ladies’ hostel, and allowed her mother to stay on campus to assist her.
“Supporting Ruchita is a reflection of our core values. Removing barriers nurtures dignity, courage, and the right to dream,” says Dr Anand K Pradhan, Regional Director of IIMC Dhenkanal. Her classmates also created a supportive ecosystem, helping her pursue her dreams.
Ruchita has already published stories, covering often overlooked topics. Her most challenging assignment was the 2025 Bihar elections coverage, but her friends supported her. "They make me feel like nothing is impossible," she says.
This year, Ruchita received the Rare Star Award from ORDI for her advocacy work. She dreams of becoming an advocacy journalist, highlighting policy gaps and accessibility failures. Her message to parents raising children with disabilities is direct: Parents have the responsibility to educate themselves and empower their child. You must trust and empower your child instead of leaving them weak. Change within the family, within the home, is the stepping stone towards bringing social change.
1. What kept Ruchita’s hope alive when she faced difficulties
A. Her own strong will. B. The help from her friends.
C. Her parents’strong support. D. The assistance from the NGO.
2. What did Ruchita do at the age of 18
A. She joined an NGO in Kerala. B. She completed a BA degree.
C. She started to pursue journalism. D. She published some stories.
3. What do we know about IIMC’s Eastern Regional Campus before Ruchita’s arrival
A. It offered no journalism courses.
B. It refused disabled students’ admission.
C. It let parents stay on campus to assist students.
D. It lacked full accessibility for disabled students.
4. Which of the following can best describe Ruchita
A. Pessimistic and self-centered. B. Positive and strong-willed.
C. Ambitious and noble-minded. D. Creative and warm-hearted.
B
In a groundbreaking development for neuroscience, a team at Tsinghua University has successfully tested a next-generation “Brain-Computer Interface”(BCI) that allows paralyzed patients to control robotic limbs with unprecedented precision. Unlike previous models that required invasive surgery and often caused immune reactions, this new device is minimally invasive and uses flexible electronics that mimic the texture of brain tissue.
The technology, detailed in the journal Nature, works by placing a mesh of electrodes on the brain’s surface. These electrodes pick up neural signals and translate them into digital commands in milliseconds. In clinical trials, a 35-year-old patient with spinal cord injury was able to grasp a cup of water and feed himself using a robotic arm, a task he hadn’t performed in over a decade.
The implications extend beyond mobility. Researchers believe this technology could eventually help restore speech to patients with locked-in syndrome or treat neurological disorders like Parkinson’s. “This is not just about moving a limb,” said Professor Zhang, the lead researcher. “It’s about restoring a sense of agency and connection to the world. ”
However, the technology raises profound ethical questions. As BCIs become more advanced, issues of privacy, data security, and “neuro-rights” come to the forefront. Who owns the data generated by your brain Could this technology be hacked These are questions scientists, lawmakers, and society must answer as we enter this new era of human augmentation.
5. What is the key advancement of the new BCI
A. It requires major brain surgery.
B. It uses rigid materials for stability.
C. It is minimally invasive and biocompatible.
D. It is only used for experimental purposes.
6. What was achieved in the clinical trial
A. A patient regained full mobility.
B. A patient controlled a robotic arm to perform a daily task.
C. A patient recovered from spinal cord injury.
D. A patient communicated verbally.
7. According to Professor Zhang, what is the deeper impact of this technology
A. It will replace all traditional medical treatments.
B. It will make robots smarter than humans.
C. It restores the patient's sense of control and connection.
D. It eliminates the need for physical therapy.
8. What is the main concern discussed in the last paragraph
A. The high cost of the surgery.
B. The potential for job loss.
C. Ethical issues regarding brain data privacy.
D. The lack of qualified surgeons.
三 阅读理解七选五
In psychology, the word “prove” is used carefully, much like a painter applies each brushstroke(笔触) with great care. Unlike the strong conclusions in physical sciences, psychological research builds a bigger picture through many small studies. 1 His discovery was not a sudden breakthrough but the result of hard and detailed work.
Similarly, Elizabeth Loftus’s research doubts how accurate witness reports are. Instead of calling it “unreliable,” researchers use terms like “potential unreliability.” 2 So, they use words like “demonstrate” and “suggest” to show the uncertainty in their conclusions.
3 Instead, I teach my students to think critically about how to use it, much like a gardener who cares for plants. When students first use the word, I encourage them to think about factors that could challenge their conclusions. For example, I might ask them, “How do we know that not all participants had false memories ” Or, for French students, “Why might these findings not apply to French culture ”
This approach helps students grasp the complexity of psychological research and develop critical thinking skills. It encourages them to reflect and analyze, helping them communicate their findings with accuracy. 4
In psychology, “proving” something is like building a symphony. 5 In education, teaching critical thinking and clear language use is essential for understanding the core of psychological research.
A. This indicates that findings might change.
B. In my classroom, I do not ban the word “prove.”
C. Each piece of evidence adds to a larger understanding.
D. Psychological theories are often revised as new evidence emerges.
E. As a teacher, I often remind my students to use this word appropriately.
F. This method also builds appreciation for the depth of psychological inquiry.
G. For example, Eric Kandel spent years studying sea animals to learn how memory works.
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Among the foundational cornerstones of early Chinese civilization, Hongshan Culture holds a place of profound significance. Hongshan Culture, flourishing roughly from 4700 to 2900 BCE in 1 is now Liaoning Province and neighboring regions, stands 2 one of China’s most remarkable Neolithic (新石器) cultures. The most famous site, Niheliang, 3 (feature) a magnificent temple and rubble-mound stone tombs. Hongshan Culture is 4 (unique) characterized by its ritual(礼仪的) practices, which reflect a sophisticated social structure far beyond many contemporary cultures.
Hongshan Culture, 5 influence spreads across a vast area of Northeast China, offers a fascinating insight into early Chinese civilization. It is famed for its jade artifacts, such as the iconic “C-shaped dragon” and pig-dragon statues that demonstrate an unparalleled level of craftsmanship and a 6 (symbol) belief system. Besides jade, Hongshan people also built large-scale ceremonial sites, 7 (highlight) their organizational capabilities.
Equally notable is the 8 (maintain) of cultural continuity in the region. Elements of Hongshan’s jade art and ritual traditions have greatly influenced later Chinese civilizations, forming 9 important link in the country’s cultural heritage. Today, ongoing archaeological work enables new evidence 10 (uncover) every year, helping us better understand the origins of ancient Chinese societies and their spiritual world.
五、书面表达
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a child, I lived in a small town in Portugal. People in our neighborhood were very close and always helped each other. There were many small shops in our street — a baker, a fish seller, a vegetable seller, and a small grocery store. Most families didn’t have much money, but we managed to live comfortably enough.
One family struggled more than others — the Silva family who lived next to the church. Mr. Silva worked as a cleaner but found it hard to find regular work. He had four young children to feed. My mother always felt sorry for them. “Those children need warmer clothes,” she would say. “And they look so thin.” Since our family was a little better off, my mother often cooked extra soup or bread and brought it to the Silva family.
I remember one winter that was especially difficult. Even my father’s construction work became less frequent. We had to be careful with our money and food. One evening, my mother heard that Mr. Silva had lost his job. Without thinking twice, she started preparing a large pot of bean soup. “But Mother,” I complained, “that’s our dinner for tomorrow!” She simply replied, “They have nothing to eat tonight. We still have some food for tomorrow. ”
Thankfully, things improved when spring came. Mr. Silva found a steady job at a new hotel in town. The family began to stand on their own feet again.
Just when everything seemed better, my father had an accident at a construction site and broke his leg. He couldn’t work for months. My mother’s small income from sewing clothes wasn’t enough for our family. We fell behind on rent and had to borrow money for food. My sister and I thought we would have to leave school.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then something wonderful happened.
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With Mr. Silva’s help, our life slowly returned to normal.
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