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压轴题01 阅读理解C、D篇
命题预测 分析近年高考英语阅读理解 C、D 篇命题规律，说明文始终是压轴核心题材，着重考查考生对语篇的逻辑理解、信息筛选整合及高阶思维能力，是拉开分数差距的关键题型。语篇素材主要选自2026年各地市高考模拟题，题材聚焦科技创新发明、人工智能应用、生态环境保护、医疗健康研究、农业科技发展、社会科学探索、前沿技术突破等领域，兼具时代性、科学性、逻辑性，文章理论性较强，生词量适中，句式结构复杂（含长难句、复合句、专业术语句）。 从命题类型来看，六大题型均有涉及，且加大对概括能力、推理判断能力、逻辑分析能力的高阶思维考查，细节理解题虽占比不低，但多需结合语境深度解读，而非简单定位。结合近年考情，2026 年高考说明文仍将是 C、D 篇的核心考查题材，命题将更注重语篇逻辑与实际应用的结合，突出对考生信息处理能力的考查。
高频考法 推理判断题 标题归纳题 细节理解题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 写作意图题
说明文基本规律及解题要领
高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：
首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。
背景: 交代问题的现状或研究的起因。
主干: 部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。
结尾: 通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。
二、说明文的解题技巧
1. 运用语篇结构（text structure），了解文章大意
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。科技创新发明类文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。
实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。
阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。
2. 定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。
关注某人说到或推断观点态度题
某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感彩的词。
4.关注转折关系的逻辑词
说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如however, but, yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。
5. 熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节
正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。
干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。
01 科技创新发明类
1.（2026·广东·一模）
What if the computers of tomorrow didn’t depend on metal and plastic, but instead grew from the soil beneath our feet This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory, where researchers at The Ohio State University have found that common fungi — such as shiitake and button mushrooms — can be used to create memory components for computing.
These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors (忆阻器), short for memory resistors. Unlike traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. When current flows in one direction, their resistance increases; when it flows the opposite way, their resistance decreases. Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer.
Mushrooms contain a dense, thread-like network known as mycelium (菌丝体), which can send tiny electrical signals — much like memristors do. To test this, scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small electrical pulses through them. The results were remarkable: the mushrooms switched between electrical states up to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy. Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together — suggesting a kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together.
Beyond these exciting results, mushrooms come with major environmental advantages. Traditional memristors rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption. Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable, and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies.
“Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics — or as large as a culturing factory,” said John LaRocco, the study’s lead author. “All of it is achievable with the resources we already have.” In the not-too-distant future, the computers on our desks may very well have taken root — quite literally — in the forest.
1. What does the underlined word “retain” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Track. B. Store. C. Gather. D. Analyze.
2. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3
A. The complex structure of mushrooms.
B. The rapid electrical response of mycelium.
C. The cooperative nature of mycelium networks.
D. The unstable performance of mushroom devices.
3. What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4
A. They are rare and special. B. They are smart and powerful.
C. They are creative and productive. D. They are sustainable and adaptable.
4. What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco’s words
A. It has a low barrier to entry. B. It will advance forest research.
C. It helps reduce agricultural waste. D. It will create more jobs in factories.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，可利用普通蘑菇菌丝体制备有机忆阻器，用于计算机存储，且环保可再生、应用前景广阔。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“Even after the power is switched of, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units”可知，忆阻器能储存过往的电学状态信息，retain 意为“储存、保留”，与 store 同义:A 项“追踪”、C 项“收集”、D 项“分析”均不符。。故选 B 项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together -suggesting kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together”可知，提及脑细胞是为了类比说明菌丝体网络的协作特性:A项“蘑菇的复杂结构”、B项“菌丝体的快速电反应”、D项“蘑菇设备的不稳定性”均非类比目的。故选 C 项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Mushrooms.however,are renewable,biodegradable, and easy to grow..Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures”可知，蘑菇基忆阻器的优势是可持续(可再生、可降解)且适应性强(可定制结构):A项“稀有特殊”与文意相反:B项“智能强大”、C项“有创造力多产”未提及。故选 D 项。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics... All of it is achievable with the resources we already have”可知，有机计算入门门槛低:B 项“推进森林研究”、C项“减少农业废料”D 项“创造工厂就业”均未提及。故选 A 项。
2.（2026·江苏·一模）
Could you imagine being able to “feel” the images on your screen UCSB researchers have made this sci-fi-like idea a reality. They’ve developed a display where pixels (像素) physically rise off the surface when activated by laser light (激光) .
Even our most advanced screens today have a limitation: they’re flat. We never quite feel what we see.
In 2021, UCSB professor Yon Visell investigated this very question: could light be made to create a sensation that could be felt through touch He saw a breakthrough in late 2022. A single pixel rose upward under a flash of laser light, sending a pulse (脉冲) that was very much noticeable to Professor Visell’s fingertips.
At the heart of this invention are tiny pixels, which are tiny cells built with a thin film stretched above a small air cavity (腔) . When a quick pulse of laser light hits a pixel, the film heats up, causing the trapped air to expand, making the surface swell upward in just 2 to 100 milliseconds, by about a millimeter (0.04 inch) .
As a sighted person, it does initially feel like something new and unusual. But the more I think about it, the more it feels like it could have the most significant benefit to people who explore the world through touch. This begins to look like a sort of “animated Braille (动画盲文)” and tells a story in real-time. It could make digital learning faster and richer for blind users.
Touch and sight have always lived in separate digital worlds. We input with touch, and consume outputs with sight. With this new invention, this separation may just be narrowing. As the UCSB researchers put it, someday soon, anything you see, you may also feel.
5. What makes the new display different from the screens today
A. It sends out laser light. B. Its pixels can expand upward.
C. It rises off fingertips. D. Its pulses are unnoticeable.
6. Which aspect of the invention is talked about in paragraph 4
A. Its working principle. B. Its daily application.
C. Its obvious advantages. D. Its potential challenges.
7. Who will benefit most from the new display according to the author
A. UCSB researchers. B. Adventurous sighted people.
C. The visually disabled. D. The digital enthusiasts.
8. What does the author imply about the invention in the last paragraph
A. It may help replace sight with touch. B. It may separate input from output.
C. It may help feel what is usually seen. D. It may enlarge gaps between senses.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校研究人员研发的新型可触摸显示屏，其工作原理及对视觉障碍人群的重要意义。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 “They’ve developed a display where pixels physically rise off the surface when activated by laser light.” 以及第四段 “making the surface swell upward” 可知，新型显示屏与现有屏幕的不同之处在于其像素在激光激活下会物理向上凸起；A 项 “发出激光” 并非其与现有屏幕的区别，激光是激活像素的条件而非显示屏自身特性；C 项 “从指尖升起” 表述错误，是像素升起而非显示屏本身；D 项 “脉冲不易察觉” 与第三段 “sending a pulse that was very much noticeable to Professor Visell’s fingertips” 相悖。故选 B 项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段 “At the heart of this invention are tiny pixels, which are tiny cells built with a thin film stretched above a small air cavity. When a quick pulse of laser light hits a pixel, the film heats up, causing the trapped air to expand, making the surface swell upward...” 可知，本段详细阐述了新型显示屏的核心构成（像素结构）及激光激活像素的具体过程，即主要介绍了该发明的工作原理；B 项 “日常应用”、C 项 “明显优势”、D 项 “潜在挑战” 均未在本段提及。故选 A 项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 “the more it feels like it could have the most significant benefit to people who explore the world through touch. This begins to look like a sort of ‘animated Braille’ and tells a story in real-time. It could make digital learning faster and richer for blind users.” 可知，视觉障碍人群（盲人）能通过这款显示屏的 “动画盲文” 实时获取信息，提升数字学习体验，是最大受益者；A 项 “加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校研究人员” 是发明者，并非最大受益者；B 项 “爱冒险的有视力者” 仅提到 “感觉新奇”，未体现显著益处；D 项 “数字爱好者” 未在文中提及与该发明的关联。故选 C 项。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Touch and sight have always lived in separate digital worlds... With this new invention, this separation may just be narrowing... someday soon, anything you see, you may also feel.” 可知，作者暗示这项发明能缩小视觉与触觉在数字世界中的隔阂，让人们能够触摸到原本只能用眼睛看到的事物；A 项 “用触觉替代视觉” 表述错误，文中是缩小隔阂而非替代；B 项 “分离输入与输出” 与文意相反，原文说的是打破分离；D 项 “扩大感官间的差距” 与 “separation may just be narrowing” 相悖。故选 C 项。
3.（2026·浙江北斗星盟·一模）
Dolphin communication has always interested scientists. The intelligent mammals use a range of noises to work together and stay connected. Some sounds even act like names, helping dolphins recognize one another. Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
The scientists began by training an AI language model — DolphinGemma, which used 40 years of data from Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas. The recordings and videos were collected by researchers at the Wild Dolphin Project (WDP). They captured not only the sounds dolphins made but also the context in which they were used.
Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. Burst pulses are tightly spaced clicks that sound like buzzing or squeaking. Dolphins use them to talk, play, and navigate their way.
The next step is to test if these AI-generated sounds work on dolphins. To do this, the team is building a device nicknamed CHAT. Once ready, two divers will wear CHAT and swim alongside the dolphins. CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf.
Thea Taylor is the director of the Sussex Dolphin Project. She is not part of the DolphinGemma experiment but is fascinated by it. She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it's the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said.
Regardless of the outcome, the DolphinGemma team hopes their project will show how smart dolphins are. “Maybe understanding them would make us connect differently — and realize that these species have the right to a healthy existence,” says WDP founder Dr. Denise Herzing.
9. What is the primary function of DolphinGemma
A. To collect dolphin sounds from the wild.
B. To generate artificial dolphin-like sounds.
C. To teach dolphins human language commands.
D. To replace human divers in dolphin communication.
10. How will researchers know if the dolphin truly communicates with CHAT
A. The dolphin swims close to CHAT.
B. The dolphin reproduces the AI whistle.
C. The dolphin is rewarded with the scarf.
D The dolphin interacts with the passed object.
11. What is Thea Taylor's main concern about the DolphinGemma experiment
A. The ethical issue with using AI on dolphins.
B. Human intervention on natural dolphin behavior.
C. Whether dolphins truly understand or just seek rewards.
D. Whether AI sounds may confuse dolphin communication.
12. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Dolphins Play with AI. B. AI Translates Dolphin Language.
C. AI Dives into Dolphin Talk. D. Dolphins Use AI to Communicate.
【答案】9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科研团队借助人工智能模型研究海豚交流方式，尝试生成海豚声音并验证其能否实现与海豚的沟通。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. (准备就绪后，DolphinGemma能够生成与录音相似的声音。其中约一半只是海洋噪音，其余的则模仿了海豚的咔嗒声、哨声和脉冲串。)”可知，DolphinGemma的主要功能是生成类似海豚的人工声音。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf. (CHAT设备会播放一段人工智能生成的海豚哨声，“索要”一个物品，比如一条围巾。与此同时，潜水员会来回传递这个物品。如果海豚模仿出这种哨声，潜水员就会把围巾奖励给它。)”可知，当海豚模仿出AI生成的哨声时，研究人员就能判断海豚在和CHAT进行交流。故选B项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it’s the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said. (她提醒研究人员必须确认海豚是在进行交流，而不是为了获取物品而单纯模仿声音。泰勒说：“我们必须思考，这到底是对语言的理解，还是和训练狗狗坐下以获取奖励是同一回事。”)”可知，西娅·泰勒的主要担忧是海豚究竟是真正理解了交流内容，还是仅仅为了获取奖励而模仿声音。故选C项。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI). (如今，谷歌和佐治亚理工学院的研究人员希望借助人工智能，去理解海豚的语言，甚至有可能和它们进行交流。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕人工智能助力研究海豚交流展开，“AI Dives into Dolphin Talk(人工智能探索海豚的语言)” 这个标题既点明了核心工具人工智能，又突出了研究对象海豚的交流，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
4.（2026·福建泉州·二检）
On a laboratory bench in Cambridge, Massachusetts, polished round blocks of black concrete sit bathed in liquid and wrapped in wires. Damian Stefaniuk presses a switch — the blocks, wired to an LED, make the bulb come to life. This success promises a new future for energy storage.
Renewable energy like solar and wind is not always available, requiring batteries for storage. However, lithium (锂) batteries face shortages and can produce poisonous chemicals, driving the search for alternatives. This is where Stefaniuk’s concrete comes in: he and colleagues create supercapacitors from water, cement (水泥), and carbon black. The supercapacitor’s core lies in carbon black’s high ability to conduct electricity. Mixed with cement and water, it forms concrete with conductive networks.
Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some ways. They can charge much more quickly and their energy storage density is enough to power a 10-watt LED bulb for 30 hours. However, supercapacitors also release stored power rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops, or electric cars that require a steady supply of energy.
One application of supercapacitors is to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road. The rapid release of energy from the supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries. Another would be as energy-storing foundations of houses — 30 to 40 cubic meters meets a household’s daily needs; Stefaniuk notes: “Walls, foundations or columns can support structures and store energy.”
While reducing lithium reliance, carbon-cement supercapacitors have environmental impacts: cement production is responsible for 5-8% of global carbon dioxide emissions, and the carbon-cement needed would need to be freshly made rather than added to and used in existing structures. But there may be a way of overcoming the problem, adds Michael Short, who leads the Centre for Sustainable Engineering at Teesside University. His colleagues are already working on low-emissions cement that is made from the by-products of the steel and chemical industries.
13. What is a primary purpose of Stefaniuk and his colleagues’ research
A. To develop new applications of concrete.
B. To introduce a material for lithium batteries.
C. To study the properties of cement mixture.
D. To create a new approach for energy storage.
14. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The growing adoption of renewable energy.
B. The process of making a new storage device.
C. The problems with current lithium battery technology.
D. The reasons for developing carbon-cement supercapacitors.
15. What is an application for supercapacitors
A. Powering home appliances continuously.
B. Wirelessly charging electric vehicles on roads.
C. Serving as the main battery for mobile phones.
D. Replacing all traditional building foundations.
16. What does Short’s current research focus on
A. Reducing reliance on carbon-cement.
B. Upgrading existing structures.
C. Tackling high carbon footprint.
D. Simplifying low-cost ingredients.
【答案】13. D 14. D 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Stefaniuk及其同事研发的碳水泥超级电容器，这种新型储能装置为可再生能源储存提供了新思路，并探讨了其应用前景与环保挑战。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This success promises a new future for energy storage.(这一成功为能量储存带来了新的未来)”以及第二段“This is where Stefaniuk’s concrete comes in: he and colleagues create supercapacitors from water, cement (水泥), and carbon black.(这就是Stefaniuk的混凝土发挥作用的地方：他和同事们用水、水泥和炭黑制造超级电容器)”可知，Stefaniuk和他的同事们研究的主要目的是创造一种新的能量储存方法。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Renewable energy like solar and wind is not always available, requiring batteries for storage. However, lithium (锂) batteries face shortages and can produce poisonous chemicals, driving the search for alternatives. This is where Stefaniuk’s concrete comes in: he and colleagues create supercapacitors from water, cement (水泥), and carbon black.(像太阳能和风能这样的可再生能源并不总是可用，需要电池来储存。然而，锂电池面临短缺，并可能产生有毒化学物质，这促使人们寻找替代品。这就是Stefaniuk的混凝土发挥作用的地方：他和同事们用水、水泥和炭黑制造超级电容器)”可知，第二段主要介绍了开发碳水泥超级电容器的原因。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“One application of supercapacitors is to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road.(超级电容器的一个应用是建造能够储存太阳能的道路，然后在电动汽车行驶时无线释放能量为其充电)”可知，超级电容器的一个应用是在道路上为电动汽车无线充电。故选B。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But there may be a way of overcoming the problem, adds Michael Short, who leads the Centre for Sustainable Engineering at Teesside University. His colleagues are already working on low-emissions cement that is made from the by-products of the steel and chemical industries.(但蒂赛德大学可持续工程中心主任迈克尔·肖特补充说，可能有办法克服这个问题。他的同事们已经在研究由钢铁和化工行业的副产品制成的低排放水泥)”可知，肖特目前的研究重点是解决高碳足迹问题。故选C。
5.（2026·山东·一模）
Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the environment do not act independently, but instead interact closely and even shape one another in tangible ways.
Genes do not shape our identities merely on their own within our bodies; instead, they function partly by molding the environments we choose or create. A striking finding of this research is that our environment is, in part, shaped by the genes of the people around us. Initial research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks.
Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups.
Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a M bius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal, a core insight of sociogenomics that bridges genetic and social science.
17. Why did the author mention the “nature versus nurture” debate in paragraph 1
A. To emphasize the dominant role of family experiences.
B. To introduce a long-standing core topic in human sciences.
C. To highlight the weakness of early hereditarians’ arguments.
D. To lay a contrastive foundation for a new scientific perspective.
18. What can be inferred from the example of students
A. Smoking behavior spreads mainly through direct persuasion.
B. Genetic tendencies can indirectly change group behavior.
C. School rules fail to control students’ genetic instincts.
D. Only smokers’ friends adopt the same genetic risks.
19. What happens when environments become more diverse according to paragraph 3
A. People rely less on their genetic traits.
B. Genetic differences play a smaller role.
C Genetic differences become more influential.
D. Nurture becomes more important than nature.
20. What does the author mean by comparing nature and nurture to a “M bius strip”
A. They depend entirely on physical conditions.
B. They have a one-way influence on each other.
C. They form a complex, continuous cycle of impact.
D. They are two separate parts of human development.
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章挑战了“先天与后天”对立的传统观点，提出社会基因组学的新视角，指出基因与环境不可分割，二者如同莫比乌斯环般不断地相互交织循环。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. (150年前，Francis Galton首次提出了“先天与后天”这一概念，关于塑造人类身份的各种因素的争论在人类科学领域一直是一个核心议题。我们的基因是否像遗传论者所说的那样决定了我们的人生道路？还是说我们生来就像一张白纸，只是由家庭和更广阔世界中的经历来塑造呢？然而，如今，一门新的科学分支即将彻底改变这场争论。)”可知，作者在第一段提到“先天与后天”的经典争论，引出这一长期存在的核心话题，进而用“然而”转折，为后文提出的新科学视角，即先天与后天不可分割，奠定对比基础。故选D项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks. (高中里几名有吸烟遗传倾向的学生似乎导致整个年级的吸烟率飙升——甚至包括那些与这些学生没有直接接触的学生——就像基因驱动的野火通过社交网络蔓延。)”可知，在该例中，少数有吸烟遗传倾向的学生也能通过社交网络间接影响整个群体的行为，这表明基因倾向可以间接改变群体行为模式。故选B项。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups. (环境提供的机会和信息越多——环境越多样化——遗传变异在将我们区分成不同群体时所扮演的角色就越大。)”可知，当环境变得更加多样化时，遗传差异的作用会变得更加显著。故选C项。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a M bius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal (先天与后天并非相互独立的力量——它们就像一个莫比乌斯环，不断地相互交织循环。这种相互依存的关系意味着它们之间的相互作用是灵活且相互关联的)”可知，作者将先天与后天比作“莫比乌斯环”，意在说明它们形成了一个复杂且持续相互影响的循环。故选C项。
6.（2026·山西·一模）
New research challenges the widespread belief that artificial intelligence (AI) is driving a major rise in global greenhouse gas emissions Scientists from the University of Waterloo and the Georgia Institute of Technology analyzed U.S. economic data alongside estimates of how frequently AI tools are used across different industries. Their aim was to understand what might happen to the environment if AI adoption increases along its current path.
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, 83 percent of the nation’s economic activity relies on petrol, coal and natural gas. These fuels release greenhouse gases when burned. The researchers noted that total energy use from AI in the U.S. matched the electricity consumption of Iceland, yet this amount remained insignificant when viewed at national or global levels.
“It is important to note that the increase in energy use is not going to be uniform. It’s going to be felt more in the places where electricity is produced to power the data centers,” said Dr Juan Moreno-Cruz, a professor at the School of Environment, Enterprise and Development at the University of Waterloo and Canada Research Chair in Energy Transitions. “If you look at that energy from the local perspective, that’s a big deal because some places could see double the amount of electricity output and emissions. But at a larger scale, AI’s use of energy won’t be noticeable.”
“For people who believe that the use of AI will be a major problem for the climate and think we should avoid it, we’re offering a different perspective,” Moreno-Cruz added. “The effects on climate are not that significant, and we can use AI to develop green technologies or to improve existing ones.”
To develop their findings, environmental economists Moreno-Cruz and Dr Anthony Harding reviewed a variety of economic sectors, the types of jobs within those sectors, and the share of tasks that could potentially be performed by AI. Moreno-Cruz and Harding intend to apply the same approach to additional countries in order to understand how AI adoption may affect environmental outcomes across different regions of the world.
21. What is the primary goal of the research
A. To promote the development of green AI. B. To measure energy consumption worldwide.
C. To warn about AI’s growing energy demands. D. To assess AI’s potential environmental effects.
22. What can be said about AI energy consumption in the U.S.
A. It contributes to petrol-based activities. B. It will soon reach the global emission target.
C. It has small influence at the national level. D. It exceeds Iceland’s electricity consumption.
23 What do researchers plan to do next
A. Extend their research to more countries. B. Shift focus to AI’s economic advantages.
C. Develop AI applications to stop emissions. D. Reduce the energy use of AI in data centers.
24. Which of the following is the main idea of the text
A. AI technology drives greenhouse gas emissions.
B. AI energy consumption urgently needs regulating.
C. Data centers emit more than previously estimated.
D. AI’s impact on climate is much smaller than believed.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究对人工智能（AI）是否会大幅增加全球温室气体排放这一普遍观点提出质疑，介绍了研究的过程、发现及未来计划。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Their aim was to understand what might happen to the environment if AI adoption increases along its current path. (他们的目的是了解如果人工智能的采用沿着目前的路径增加，环境可能会发生什么)”可知，该研究的主要目的是评估人工智能对环境的潜在影响。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers noted that total energy use from AI in the U. S. matched the electricity consumption of Iceland, yet this amount remained insignificant when viewed at national or global levels. (研究人员指出，美国人工智能的总能源使用量与冰岛的电力消耗相当，但从国家或全球层面来看，这一数字仍然微不足道)”可知，美国人工智能的能源消耗在国家层面上影响较小。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Moreno-Cruz and Harding intend to apply the same approach to additional countries in order to understand how AI adoption may affect environmental outcomes across different regions of the world. (Moreno-Cruz和Harding打算将同样的方法应用于更多的国家，以便了解人工智能的采用可能如何影响世界不同地区的环境结果)”可知，研究人员计划将他们的研究扩展到更多国家。故选A项。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research challenges the widespread belief that artificial intelligence (AI) is driving a major rise in global greenhouse gas emissions. (新研究对人工智能（AI）正在推动全球温室气体排放大幅上升的普遍看法提出了挑战)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了新研究对人工智能（AI）是否会大幅增加全球温室气体排放这一普遍观点提出质疑，研究发现人工智能对气候的影响比人们认为的要小得多。故选D项。
7.（2026·东北三省三校·一模）
For decades, cancer treatment has been dominated by chemotherapy (化疗) , a tool that attacks rapidly dividing cells — both cancerous and healthy ones. Patients undergoing chemotherapy often suffer severe side effects such as hair loss, and weakened immunity, making the treatment process as painful as the disease itself. However, the emergence of targeted drugs has started an era of precision medicine that treats cancer not with a “carpet bombing” but with a “precision strike.”
Unlike chemotherapy, which harms healthy cells without discrimination, targeted drugs cause minimal damage to normal tissues. Most patients only experience mild side effects like diarrhea, allowing them to maintain a relatively normal quality of life during treatment. Many targeted drugs are also available in oral form, saving patients from frequent hospital visits for injections.
Targeted drugs work like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigation systems. Each cancer cell carries unique molecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special locks on the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. A well-known drug, Trastuzumab, focuses on the HER2 protein overexpressed in some breast cancer cells, blocking their growth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability to destroy cancer cells.
Yet, targeted therapy still faces major difficulties: drug resistance and high costs. Cancer cells are highly adaptable. After months or years of treatment, they may mutate (突变) to escape the effects of targeted drugs. Some lung cancer patients treated with first-generation EGFR inhibitors (抑制剂) , for instance, develop the T790M mutation, making the drugs ineffective. Meanwhile, the long and costly development process of targeted drugs — from target discovery to clinical trials — leads to extremely high prices, putting them out of reach for many patients worldwide.
The future of targeted drugs lies in constant innovation. Scientists are exploring combined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immunotherapy, bringing new hope to countless cancer patients and moving humanity closer to defeating cancer.
25. What advantage do targeted drugs have over chemotherapy
A. They can completely cure cancer.
B. They precisely attack cancer cells.
C. They work faster than chemotherapy.
D. They have no side effects on tissues.
26. Why does the author mention Trastuzumab in paragraph 3
A. To illustrate how targeted drugs work.
B. To explain how cancer cells mutate and resist drugs.
C. To compare targeted drugs with traditional chemotherapy.
D. To show targeted drugs are only effective for breast cancer.
27. What can we infer about targeted therapy in paragraph 4
A. Targeted drugs will soon replace chemotherapy.
B. High costs limit the use of targeted drugs globally.
C. Drug resistance can be solved by T790M mutation.
D. The T790M mutation makes cancer cells sensitive to drugs.
28. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of targeted drugs
A. Doubtful. B. Pessimistic.
C. Optimistic. D. Unconcerned.
【答案】25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了靶向药物相较于化疗的优势、作用原理、面临的困难及未来发展前景。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike chemotherapy, which harms healthy cells without discrimination, targeted drugs cause minimal damage to normal tissues. (与化疗无差别地伤害健康细胞不同，靶向药物对正常组织的损伤极小)”以及第三段“Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. (研究人员设计靶向药物作为匹配的钥匙，使它们能够特异性地结合到这些靶点上)”可知，靶向药物能精准攻击癌细胞。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Targeted drugs work like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigation systems. Each cancer cell carries unique molecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special locks on the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. A well-known drug, Trastuzumab, focuses on the HER2 protein overexpressed in some breast cancer cells, blocking their growth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability to destroy cancer cells. (靶向药物就像配备了先进导航系统的智能导弹。每个癌细胞都携带独特的分子特征，称为“靶点”，就像细胞上的特殊锁。研究人员设计靶向药物作为匹配的钥匙，使它们能够特异性地结合到这些靶点上。一种著名的药物曲妥珠单抗，针对一些乳腺癌细胞中过度表达的HER2蛋白，阻断其生长信号，增强免疫系统破坏癌细胞的能力)”可知，作者提到曲妥珠单抗是为了说明靶向药物是如何工作的。故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, the long and costly development process of targeted drugs — from target discovery to clinical trials — leads to extremely high prices, putting them out of reach for many patients worldwide. (同时，靶向药物从靶点发现到临床试验的漫长而昂贵的开发过程导致价格极高，使全球许多患者无法承受)”可推断，高昂的成本限制了靶向药物在全球的使用。故选B项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The future of targeted drugs lies in constant innovation. Scientists are exploring combined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immunotherapy, bringing new hope to countless cancer patients and moving humanity closer to defeating cancer. (靶向药物的未来在于不断创新。科学家们正在探索联合疗法，例如将靶向药物与免疫疗法相结合，为无数癌症患者带来新的希望，使人类更接近战胜癌症)”可知，作者对靶向药物的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。
8.（2026·河北百校联盟·一模）
Inspired by butterfly wings, a team of German researchers have developed a new kind of robotic wings that can work using only magnetic fields (磁场). The new wings created by the Technical University of Darmstadt researchers need no batteries or electronics.
The researchers drew inspiration from the remarkable efficiency and endurance (持久力) of monarch butterflies, known to have incredibly long migrations between Canada and Mexico. Every autumn, millions of Monarch butterflies start a 3,000-mile journey from their North American breeding grounds to the warmer climate of southwestern Mexico for the winter.
These new robotic wings achieve energy-efficient flight by combining movement with passive bending, which was rarely copied outside the natural world. The team, led by Professor Oliver Gutfleisch and Dr. Denys Makarov, used a combination of flexible plastic fixed with tiny magnetic particles (颗粒) to build the wings.
The team found that the magnetic particles, when exposed to external magnetic fields, caused the wings to bend in a manner similar to that of butterflies. Achieving the desired design proved challenging; however, after testing fewer than 12 different designs, the team could develop wings strikingly similar to those that evolved in butterflies.
Looking ahead, these new wings could have a wide range of applications. One could be environmental research in which winged robots monitor pollinator populations or measure air quality. They could also be helpful in disasters, with their small, energy-efficient design enabling robots to navigate dangerous areas for search and rescue operations. The team also pointed out that the new design could also be readily adapted for medical sciences.
The principle of using magnetic particles in this way could also open doors for developing new kinds of artificial muscles or other innovative materials that can change shape on demand. While the robotic wings currently rely on external magnetic fields to change shape, the team is optimistic about integrating man-made magnetic field generators into future upgrades of the technology. “We plan to explore what changes to magnetic fields can enable more complex movements and control,” explained Muhammad Bilal Khan, another lead author.
29. What’s the driving power of the robotic wings
A. The air pressure. B. The magnetic field.
C. The rechargeable battery. D. The electronic motor.
30. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. The potential of the robotic wings. B. Challenges facing the research team.
C. The working principle of the robots. D. Uncertainties in developing robotic wings.
31. What does the last paragraph imply about the robotic wings
A. They should still depend on outside magnetic fields.
B. Their use is strictly limited to environmental monitoring.
C. They are expected to operate in controlled magnetic fields.
D. Their new versions will function as well as human muscles.
32. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. The Monarch Butterfly’s 3,000-Mile Journey
B. Robotics Taking Wings Thanks to Butterflies
C. Butterflies Rely on Magnetic Fields for Flight
D. Butterfly Wings Hold Clues to Natural Adaptation
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了受蝴蝶翅膀启发，德国研究人员开发出仅靠磁场就能工作的新型机器人翅膀，阐述了其工作原理、应用潜力以及未来发展方向。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Inspired by butterfly wings, a team of German researchers have developed a new kind of robotic wings that can work using only magnetic fields (磁场). (受蝴蝶翅膀的启发，一组德国研究人员开发了一种新型的机器人翅膀，只需使用磁场即可工作)”可知，机器人翅膀的动力是磁场。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“Looking ahead, these new wings could have a wide range of applications. One could be environmental research in which winged robots monitor pollinator populations or measure air quality. They could also be helpful in disasters, with their small, energy-efficient design enabling robots to navigate dangerous areas for search and rescue operations. The team also pointed out that the new design could also be readily adapted for medical sciences. (展望未来，这些新翅膀可能有广泛的应用。其中之一可能是环境研究，有翼机器人可以监测传粉昆虫的数量或测量空气质量。它们在灾难中也可能很有帮助，其小巧、节能的设计使机器人能够在危险区域进行搜索和救援行动。该团队还指出，新设计也可以很容易地应用于医学领域)”可知，第五段主要介绍了机器人翅膀的潜力。故选A。
【31题详解】
根据最后一段“While the robotic wings currently rely on external magnetic fields to change shape, the team is optimistic about integrating man-made magnetic field generators into future upgrades of the technology. “We plan to explore what changes to magnetic fields can enable more complex movements and control,” explained Muhammad Bilal Khan, another lead author.(尽管目前这种机器翅膀依靠外部磁场改变形状，研究团队对将人造磁场发生器整合进该技术的未来升级持乐观态度。另一位首席作者穆罕默德·比拉尔·汗解释道：“我们计划探索磁场的何种调整可以实现更复杂的运动和控制”)可推知，这种机器翅膀未来有望在可控磁场中运作。故选C项。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inspired by butterfly wings, a team of German researchers have developed a new kind of robotic wings that can work using only magnetic fields (磁场). (受蝴蝶翅膀的启发，一组德国研究人员开发了一种新型的机器人翅膀，只需使用磁场即可工作)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了受蝴蝶翅膀启发，德国研究人员开发出了一种仅靠磁场就能工作的新型机器人翅膀，所以“Robotics Taking Wings Thanks to Butterflies (得益于蝴蝶，机器人展翅高飞)”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
9.（2026·广东广州·一模）
Sound travels as vibrations (振动) through the air. Conventional microphones function by picking up these vibrations. Scientists wondered if they could make microphones that see those vibrations rather than hear them. Now researchers in China have built such a device.
Led by physicist Yao Xuri from Beijing Institute of Technology, the team has built a device that photographs the tiny, imperceptible vibrations that sound waves generate on objects. According to Yao, “This technique enables sound detection using everyday items under natural lighting.”
This is hardly the first attempt to make a microphone that works with light. Alexander Graham Bell built one back in 1880. He called it a photophone. It operated by using sound waves to deform a mirror, causing reflected light to flash along with the sound. These flashes were then changed back into sound. Modern attempts have been trying to copy this, using high-speed cameras or precise lasers (激光), but such systems are often complex and costly.
The Chinese team has adopted an alternative approach: single-pixel (单像素) imaging. “Unlike ordinary cameras which rely on millions of sensors, single-pixel imaging uses just one,” Yao noted. It scans a scene to collect visual data, which is then processed by computers to reconstruct an image. Through this technique, Yao’s team detected how sound waves had shaken a paper card or leaf. A computer then decoded the data into audible sound.
The device successfully captured spoken numbers in both Chinese and English and decoded an excerpt from Beethoven’s Für Elise. “This method creates a relatively small amount of data, making it easy to store or upload,” Yao noted. The team is refining the device’s capacity to detect human heartbeat and heart rate, a development that could enable non-contact patient monitoring in medical settings.
Currently, the technology only works from about half a meter away, and detecting sound in noisy environments remains a key challenge. That will take more advanced technology and extensive field testing. But if they succeed, we might not just listen to the world around us — we might watch it speak.
33. The underlined word “imperceptible” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. inaudible B. inaccessible C. unpredictable D. unnoticeable
34. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Research background. B. Study design. C. Technical approaches. D. Key challenges.
35. How does the single-pixel imaging device differ from ordinary cameras
A. It works at a super high speed. B. It processes data with a computer.
C. It uses precise lasers to scan scenes. D. It collects data with only one sensor.
36. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the technology
A. Expectant. B. Doubtful. C. Concerned. D. Uncertain.
【答案】33. D 34. A 35. D 36. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国团队研发的单像素成像拾音设备，通过“看见”声波振动实现收音，具有潜在医疗应用前景并面临现存挑战。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“the team has built a device that photographs the tiny, imperceptible vibrations that sound waves generate on objects.(该团队制造了一种设备，可以拍摄声波在物体上产生的微小、imperceptible振动)”可知，这种振动非常微小，是人们难以察觉的，因此“imperceptible”意为“不明显的、难以察觉的”。故选D项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“This is hardly the first attempt to make a microphone that works with light. Alexander Graham Bell built one back in 1880.He called it a photophone. It operated by using sound waves to deform a mirror, causing reflected light to flash along with the sound. These flashes were then changed back into sound. Modern attempts have been trying to copy this, using high-speed cameras or precise lasers (激光),but such systems are often complex and costly. (这并不是第一次尝试制造用光工作的麦克风。亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔早在1880年就制造了一个，他称之为光电话。它利用声波使反射镜变形，使反射光随声音一起闪烁，然后这些闪烁被转换回声音。现代的尝试一直在模仿这一技术，使用高速相机或精确的激光，但这样的系统通常复杂且昂贵)”可知，本段主要介绍了相关研究的背景。故选A项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unlike ordinary cameras which rely on millions of sensors, single-pixel imaging uses just one(与依赖数百万个传感器的普通相机不同，单像素成像只使用一个传感器)”可知，单像素成像设备与普通相机的区别在于它只用一个传感器收集数据。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But if they succeed, we might not just listen to the world around us — we might watch it speak.(但如果他们成功了，我们可能不仅能倾听周围的世界，还能“看见”它说话)”可知，作者对这项技术的未来充满期待。故选A项。
10.（2026·江西南昌·一模）
Arabidopsis thaliana (拟南芥), a small thin weed of the mustard family, never seemed likely to gain scientific fame. Yet this common plant has greatly changed from an ignored weed to a biological superstar due to scientists’ foresight, continuous exploration and joint efforts.
Arabidopsis’ journey began with young geneticist George Rédei. At first, Rédei’s research on this weed was widely doubted because many thought only valuable crops or decorative plants were worth studying. But he carried its seeds all the time and later continued research in the US. Inspired by German botanist Friedrich Laibach, he saw its value as a model organism, similar to fruit flies in pared with corn and wheat, Arabidopsis has clear advantages: small size, short growth cycle, many seeds, but what sets it apart from other experimental plants is its only five pairs of chromosomes (染色体), making gene location much easier.
In the 1980s, young scientists like Chris Somerville and Elliot Meyerowitz also noticed its potential. They proved its value through experiments, finding its small genome with little repeated DNA made gene discovery easier. In 2000, a global team finished its research and published the result in Nature, which provided a solid base for future studies.
Today, researches on Arabidopsis have provided important support for crop output expansion, ecological system management and climate change reduction. For instance, the genes identified in Arabidopsis have helped scientists understand the fruit development mechanism of tomatoes and improve the stress resistance of rice.
Beyond plant science, Arabidopsis has also brought new insights to human health research. Notably, about 70% of human cancer-related genes and genes related to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s all exist in this plant.
Arabidopsis is not without limitations. Its simple structure, while useful for genetic research, cannot fully represent the complexity of crops like wheat or corn. However, even with these concerns, this once-ignored weed has already proved that great scientific value can lie in the most unexpected places, and it continues to inspire researchers to explore the mysteries of life.
37. What is special about Arabidopsis as a model organism
A. Its abundant seeds. B. Its brief life period.
C. Its few chromosomes. D. Its unique outer shape.
38. What can be inferred about the Arabidopsis research
A. It cast new light on medical studies. B. It prioritized traditional model organisms.
C. It gained support from most geneticists. D. It targeted major management problems.
39. What is the function of the last paragraph
A. To prove the complexity of Arabidopsis. B. To stress the limitations of Arabidopsis.
C. To restate the importance of Arabidopsis. D. To underline the structure of Arabidopsis.
40. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Applications of Arabidopsis Studies
B. The Link between Arabidopsis and Humans
C. The Discovery of Small Genome in Arabidopsis
D. The Course of Arabidopsis from Weed to Treasure
【答案】37. C 38. A 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拟南芥从无人关注的杂草成为科研模式植物，其研究推动农业发展，并为人类健康与医学研究提供重要启示。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Compared with corn and wheat, Arabidopsis has clear advantages: small size, short growth cycle, many seeds, but what sets it apart from other experimental plants is its only five pairs of chromosomes (染色体), making gene location much easier.(与玉米和小麦相比，拟南芥具有明显优势：植株小、生长周期短、种子数量多，而让它区别于其他实验植物的特点在于它仅有五对染色体，这使得基因定位更为简便。)”可知，拟南芥作为模式生物的特别之处是染色体数量少。故选C项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Beyond plant science, Arabidopsis has also brought new insights to human health research.(除植物科学外，拟南芥也为人类健康研究带来了新的见解。)”可知，该研究为医学研究提供了新的思路。故选A项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, even with these concerns, this once-ignored weed has already proved that great scientific value can lie in the most unexpected places, and it continues to inspire researchers to explore the mysteries of life.(然而，即便存在这些顾虑，这种曾被忽视的杂草已然证明：巨大的科学价值可能蕴藏在最意想不到的地方，并且它仍在激励着研究者们探索生命的奥秘。)”可知，最后一段是为了重申拟南芥的重要性。故选C项。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet this common plant has greatly changed from an ignored weed to a biological superstar due to scientists’ foresight, continuous exploration and joint efforts.(然而，得益于科学家们的远见卓识、不断探索与通力合作，这种常见植物已从一种无人问津的杂草，摇身一变成为了生物界的明星。)”及全文内容可知，文章介绍拟南芥从无人关注的杂草成为科研模式植物，其研究推动农业发展，并为人类健康与医学研究提供重要启示，所以“拟南芥：从杂草到瑰宝的蜕变之路”符合文意，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
11.（2026·辽宁·一模）
In 2025, a survey by the Global Tech Education Institute found over 5.2 million high school students worldwide used wearable smart learning devices, with 69% of senior three users saying they helped make full use of fragmented (碎片化的) time. However, early versions had obvious drawbacks: a 2025 report from South Korea’s Education Ministry showed 65% of teachers worried simple wearable devices only provided information without guiding effective learning. To solve the problem, upgraded wearable tools tailored for senior three students have appeared. “Wearable tech should fit the tight study schedule of senior three students, helping them learn efficiently instead of just displaying information,” said Dr. Kim Jae-ho, a tech researcher at Seoul National University.
A recent study in the Journal of Educational Technology found that upgraded wearable devices helped senior three students improve their English word memorization, time management, and reduce study anxiety. According to Dr. Emma Wilson from the University of Cambridge, the devices only significantly boost learning outcomes for those who use them actively and properly, not for passive users. This corrects the misunderstanding that wearables can improve grades without active effort.
The key strength of these upgraded devices is their “personalized guidance + fragmented learning” design. They record learning habits, push targeted review materials during breaks, and send reminders to avoid long-time study fatigue. A survey of 1,200Chinese senior three students found 81% benefited from the personalized push function.
Schools and tech companies are still improving the devices to better fit senior three students’ needs; only 38% of market products can fully match the college entrance exam review rhythm (TechCrunch 2026). These wearable tools will not replace teachers but will become useful helpers in daily study. For senior three students, the value of such tech lies in helping them arrange time scientifically and improve learning efficiency — something crucial for their final review and exam preparation.
41. What was the main drawback of early wearable smart learning devices
A. They were too complex for senior three students to operate.
B. They mainly focused on information without offering effective guidance.
C. They disturbed students in class and reduced learning efficiency.
D. They failed to provide enough materials for exam review.
42. Which best describes Dr. Kim Jae-ho’s attitude
A. Critical and doubtful. B. Worried and anxious.
C. Unconcerned and casual. D. Objective and supportive.
43. What can we infer about the study led by Dr. Emma Wilson from Paragraph 2
A. Active users benefit far more from the upgraded devices.
B. Passive use can greatly improve students’ learning outcomes.
C. All users achieve obvious progress with the devices.
D. Technology decides students’ final learning results.
44. What can we learn from the text
A Early wearable devices have disappeared from the market.
B. Most products suit the college entrance review rhythm perfectly.
C. Upgraded wearables help with efficient and personalized learning.
D. Wearable devices will completely replace teachers in class.
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍升级后的可穿戴智能学习设备对高三学生学习效率的提升作用与使用建议，旨在考查学生细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳能力。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“However, early versions had obvious drawbacks: a 2025 report from South Korea’s Education Ministry showed 65% of teachers worried simple wearable devices only provided information without guiding effective learning.(然而，早期版本存在明显的缺陷：韩国教育部2025年的一份报告指出，65%的教师担心简单的可穿戴设备只是提供信息，而无法指导有效的学习)”可知，早期可穿戴式智能学习设备的主要缺陷是它们主要侧重于提供信息，却未能提供有效的指导。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““Wearable tech should fit the tight study schedule of senior three students, helping them learn efficiently instead of just displaying information,” said Dr. Kim Jae-ho, a tech researcher at Seoul National University.( 首尔国立大学的科技研究员金在浩博士表示：“可穿戴技术应当符合高三学生紧张的学习安排，帮助他们高效学习，而非仅仅用于展示信息。”)”可知，Kim Jae-ho博士认为可穿戴技术应贴合高三学习、帮助学生高效学习，态度客观且支持。故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Dr. Emma Wilson from the University of Cambridge, the devices only significantly boost learning outcomes for those who use them actively and properly, not for passive users. This corrects the misunderstanding that wearables can improve grades without active effort.(剑桥大学的艾玛·威尔逊博士表示，这些设备只有在被积极且正确地使用时，才能显著提高学习效果，而对于那些只是被动使用的人来说，效果则不然。这纠正了那种认为穿戴设备无需付出努力就能提高成绩的错误观念)”可知，Emma Wilson博士指出，设备仅对“主动、正确使用”的学生有显著提升效果。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The key strength of these upgraded devices is their “personalized guidance + fragmented learning” design. They record learning habits, push targeted review materials during breaks, and send reminders to avoid long-time study fatigue.(这些升级版设备的关键优势在于其“个性化指导 + 分散式学习”的设计。它们能够记录学习习惯，在休息期间推送有针对性的复习资料，并发送提醒以避免长时间的学习疲劳)”可知，升级版可穿戴设备有助于实现高效且个性化的学习。故选C。
12.（2026·安徽·一模）
Under the autumn sky of Tuohula Xinjiang, golden rice stalks sway gently. Ayinigeer Tuoheti, a 28-year-old computer science graduate, wanders through the fields, checking the ripening crop. Her digital skills are bridging the divide between her family’s traditional rice business and the modern age.
In 2020, Ayinigeer returned home to assist her father — who’d built a 1994 rice processing plant but his health weakened and struggled with business communications. She found the family’s work stuck in the backward reality: the ledger book, handwritten records, and carbon paper. She resolved to transform the business.
First, she turned their small farmer cooperative into a company. Exploiting her computer background, she automated invoicing, inventory, and order processing, shifting all work to electronic systems. To secure high-quality rice, she partnered with over 120 households, who transferred the management rights of their land to her company. Her company provided seeds and training, bought harvests above market prices, and shared profits-boosting farmers’ incomes while ensuring premium raw materials.
In 2023, she tried livestreaming on electronic sales platform. With a smartphone, she presented viewers with local rice fields, processing plants, and family meals with their local products. The initial phase was tough, but local governments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity won audience: daily orders grew from 12 to hundreds. Now, From March to September this year, they had 180,000 orders through livestreaming, with 7,000 on a single day-that’s nearly 35 tons of rice moving directly from their fields to households across China.
The numbers tell the resulting. In early 2024, influencers from across China were reaching out to us, she said. “They wanted to partner with us because our product had proven appealing.”
The phenomenal success of Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, however, stems not just from technology, but Tuohula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich soil, and Tianshan snowmelt water make it sweet and aromatic. Local farming is 98% mechanized, and a 1998 seed base (investing 1 million yuan yearly) develops high-quality varieties-including the seeds Ayinigeer uses.
45. What did Ayinigeer do first to improve the family business
A. She started livestreaming on Douyin.
B. She modernized the operation system.
C. She partnered with over 120 local households.
D. She inspected crops personally.
46. Why could Ayinigeer’s sales model attract viewers
A. She offered very low rice prices.
B. She used professional broadcasting equipment.
C. She presented authentic rice production scenes.
D. She accumulated many followers before livestreaming.
47. What can we infer about Tuohula’s rice
A. It is popular all over the world.
B. Local natural conditions contributed to its popularity.
C. It is only sold in southern Xinjiang.
D. Its production cost is much lower than average.
48. Which is the most appropriate title
A. Digital Skills Revive Hometown Rice B. Livestreaming Makes Rice Famous
C. Graduate Succeeds in Rice Business D. Quality Rice Boosts Agriculture
【答案】45. B 46. C 47. B 48. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新疆托乎拉地区毕业生Ayinigeer用数字技术振兴家乡稻米产业的故事。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“First, she turned their small farmer cooperative into a company. Exploiting her computer background, she automated invoicing, inventory, and order processing, shifting all work to electronic systems. (首先，她将小型农民合作社转变为公司。利用计算机背景，她实现了发票、库存和订单处理的自动化，将所有工作转移到电子系统。)”可知，她首先做的是“使运营系统现代化”。故选B项。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“With a smartphone, she presented viewers with local rice fields, processing plants, and family meals with their local products. The initial phase was tough, but local governments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity won audience: daily orders grew from 12 to hundreds. (她用智能手机向观众展示了当地的稻田、加工厂，以及用当地产品烹制的家庭大餐。最初的阶段很艰难，但当地政府培训了她的直播技能。他们的真实性赢得了观众：每天的订单从12个增加到数百个。)”可知，吸引观众的原因是“呈现真实的稻米生产场景”。故选C项。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The phenomenal success of Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, however, stems not just from technology, but Tuohula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich soil, and Tianshan snowmelt water make it sweet and aromatic. (然而，Ayinigeer直播的巨大成功不仅源于技术，还源于拓乌拉的稻米品质：温宿的温差、富硒土壤和天山融雪水使其香甜可口。)”可推断，当地自然条件促成了稻米的受欢迎。故选B项。
【48题详解】
主旨大意题。文章核心是Ayinigeer运用数字技能 (自动化系统、直播销售) 让传统稻米产业焕发新生，A项“Digital Skills Revive Hometown Rice (数字技能振兴家乡稻米)”准确概括了技术与产业复苏的关系，最符合主旨。故选A项。
13.（2026·湖南怀化·一模）
Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key to reducing urban air pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. Governments, such as the UK, have announced plans to ban new petrol and diesel car sales from 2030, signaling strong policy support for a cleaner transport future. Yet, the path to a fully electric society is far from straightforward, with several challenges yet to be overcome.
Two major practical difficulties stand in the way. First, EVs currently suffer from limited battery ranges compared to conventional vehicles, whic压轴题01 阅读理解C、D篇
命题预测 分析近年高考英语阅读理解 C、D 篇命题规律，说明文始终是压轴核心题材，着重考查考生对语篇的逻辑理解、信息筛选整合及高阶思维能力，是拉开分数差距的关键题型。语篇素材主要选自2026年各地市高考模拟题，题材聚焦科技创新发明、人工智能应用、生态环境保护、医疗健康研究、农业科技发展、社会科学探索、前沿技术突破等领域，兼具时代性、科学性、逻辑性，文章理论性较强，生词量适中，句式结构复杂（含长难句、复合句、专业术语句）。 从命题类型来看，六大题型均有涉及，且加大对概括能力、推理判断能力、逻辑分析能力的高阶思维考查，细节理解题虽占比不低，但多需结合语境深度解读，而非简单定位。结合近年考情，2026 年高考说明文仍将是 C、D 篇的核心考查题材，命题将更注重语篇逻辑与实际应用的结合，突出对考生信息处理能力的考查。
高频考法 推理判断题 标题归纳题 细节理解题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 写作意图题
说明文基本规律及解题要领
高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：
首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。
背景: 交代问题的现状或研究的起因。
主干: 部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。
结尾: 通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。
二、说明文的解题技巧
1. 运用语篇结构（text structure），了解文章大意
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。科技创新发明类文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。
实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。
阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。
2. 定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。
关注某人说到或推断观点态度题
某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感彩的词。
4.关注转折关系的逻辑词
说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如however, but, yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。
5. 熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节
正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。
干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。
01 科技创新发明类
1.（2026·广东·一模）
What if the computers of tomorrow didn’t depend on metal and plastic, but instead grew from the soil beneath our feet This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory, where researchers at The Ohio State University have found that common fungi — such as shiitake and button mushrooms — can be used to create memory components for computing.
These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors (忆阻器), short for memory resistors. Unlike traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. When current flows in one direction, their resistance increases; when it flows the opposite way, their resistance decreases. Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer.
Mushrooms contain a dense, thread-like network known as mycelium (菌丝体), which can send tiny electrical signals — much like memristors do. To test this, scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small electrical pulses through them. The results were remarkable: the mushrooms switched between electrical states up to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy. Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together — suggesting a kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together.
Beyond these exciting results, mushrooms come with major environmental advantages. Traditional memristors rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption. Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable, and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies.
“Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics — or as large as a culturing factory,” said John LaRocco, the study’s lead author. “All of it is achievable with the resources we already have.” In the not-too-distant future, the computers on our desks may very well have taken root — quite literally — in the forest.
1. What does the underlined word “retain” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Track. B. Store. C. Gather. D. Analyze.
2. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3
A. The complex structure of mushrooms.
B. The rapid electrical response of mycelium.
C. The cooperative nature of mycelium networks.
D. The unstable performance of mushroom devices.
3. What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4
A. They are rare and special. B. They are smart and powerful.
C. They are creative and productive. D. They are sustainable and adaptable.
4. What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco’s words
A. It has a low barrier to entry. B. It will advance forest research.
C. It helps reduce agricultural waste. D. It will create more jobs in factories.
2.（2026·江苏·一模）
Could you imagine being able to “feel” the images on your screen UCSB researchers have made this sci-fi-like idea a reality. They’ve developed a display where pixels (像素) physically rise off the surface when activated by laser light (激光) .
Even our most advanced screens today have a limitation: they’re flat. We never quite feel what we see.
In 2021, UCSB professor Yon Visell investigated this very question: could light be made to create a sensation that could be felt through touch He saw a breakthrough in late 2022. A single pixel rose upward under a flash of laser light, sending a pulse (脉冲) that was very much noticeable to Professor Visell’s fingertips.
At the heart of this invention are tiny pixels, which are tiny cells built with a thin film stretched above a small air cavity (腔) . When a quick pulse of laser light hits a pixel, the film heats up, causing the trapped air to expand, making the surface swell upward in just 2 to 100 milliseconds, by about a millimeter (0.04 inch) .
As a sighted person, it does initially feel like something new and unusual. But the more I think about it, the more it feels like it could have the most significant benefit to people who explore the world through touch. This begins to look like a sort of “animated Braille (动画盲文)” and tells a story in real-time. It could make digital learning faster and richer for blind users.
Touch and sight have always lived in separate digital worlds. We input with touch, and consume outputs with sight. With this new invention, this separation may just be narrowing. As the UCSB researchers put it, someday soon, anything you see, you may also feel.
5. What makes the new display different from the screens today
A. It sends out laser light. B. Its pixels can expand upward.
C. It rises off fingertips. D. Its pulses are unnoticeable.
6. Which aspect of the invention is talked about in paragraph 4
A. Its working principle. B. Its daily application.
C. Its obvious advantages. D. Its potential challenges.
7. Who will benefit most from the new display according to the author
A. UCSB researchers. B. Adventurous sighted people.
C. The visually disabled. D. The digital enthusiasts.
8. What does the author imply about the invention in the last paragraph
A. It may help replace sight with touch. B. It may separate input from output.
C. It may help feel what is usually seen. D. It may enlarge gaps between senses.
3.（2026·浙江北斗星盟·一模）
Dolphin communication has always interested scientists. The intelligent mammals use a range of noises to work together and stay connected. Some sounds even act like names, helping dolphins recognize one another. Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
The scientists began by training an AI language model — DolphinGemma, which used 40 years of data from Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas. The recordings and videos were collected by researchers at the Wild Dolphin Project (WDP). They captured not only the sounds dolphins made but also the context in which they were used.
Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. Burst pulses are tightly spaced clicks that sound like buzzing or squeaking. Dolphins use them to talk, play, and navigate their way.
The next step is to test if these AI-generated sounds work on dolphins. To do this, the team is building a device nicknamed CHAT. Once ready, two divers will wear CHAT and swim alongside the dolphins. CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf.
Thea Taylor is the director of the Sussex Dolphin Project. She is not part of the DolphinGemma experiment but is fascinated by it. She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it's the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said.
Regardless of the outcome, the DolphinGemma team hopes their project will show how smart dolphins are. “Maybe understanding them would make us connect differently — and realize that these species have the right to a healthy existence,” says WDP founder Dr. Denise Herzing.
9. What is the primary function of DolphinGemma
A. To collect dolphin sounds from the wild.
B. To generate artificial dolphin-like sounds.
C. To teach dolphins human language commands.
D. To replace human divers in dolphin communication.
10. How will researchers know if the dolphin truly communicates with CHAT
A. The dolphin swims close to CHAT.
B. The dolphin reproduces the AI whistle.
C. The dolphin is rewarded with the scarf.
D The dolphin interacts with the passed object.
11. What is Thea Taylor's main concern about the DolphinGemma experiment
A. The ethical issue with using AI on dolphins.
B. Human intervention on natural dolphin behavior.
C. Whether dolphins truly understand or just seek rewards.
D. Whether AI sounds may confuse dolphin communication.
12. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Dolphins Play with AI. B. AI Translates Dolphin Language.
C. AI Dives into Dolphin Talk. D. Dolphins Use AI to Communicate.
4.（2026·福建泉州·二检）
On a laboratory bench in Cambridge, Massachusetts, polished round blocks of black concrete sit bathed in liquid and wrapped in wires. Damian Stefaniuk presses a switch — the blocks, wired to an LED, make the bulb come to life. This success promises a new future for energy storage.
Renewable energy like solar and wind is not always available, requiring batteries for storage. However, lithium (锂) batteries face shortages and can produce poisonous chemicals, driving the search for alternatives. This is where Stefaniuk’s concrete comes in: he and colleagues create supercapacitors from water, cement (水泥), and carbon black. The supercapacitor’s core lies in carbon black’s high ability to conduct electricity. Mixed with cement and water, it forms concrete with conductive networks.
Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some ways. They can charge much more quickly and their energy storage density is enough to power a 10-watt LED bulb for 30 hours. However, supercapacitors also release stored power rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops, or electric cars that require a steady supply of energy.
One application of supercapacitors is to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road. The rapid release of energy from the supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries. Another would be as energy-storing foundations of houses — 30 to 40 cubic meters meets a household’s daily needs; Stefaniuk notes: “Walls, foundations or columns can support structures and store energy.”
While reducing lithium reliance, carbon-cement supercapacitors have environmental impacts: cement production is responsible for 5-8% of global carbon dioxide emissions, and the carbon-cement needed would need to be freshly made rather than added to and used in existing structures. But there may be a way of overcoming the problem, adds Michael Short, who leads the Centre for Sustainable Engineering at Teesside University. His colleagues are already working on low-emissions cement that is made from the by-products of the steel and chemical industries.
13. What is a primary purpose of Stefaniuk and his colleagues’ research
A. To develop new applications of concrete.
B. To introduce a material for lithium batteries.
C. To study the properties of cement mixture.
D. To create a new approach for energy storage.
14. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The growing adoption of renewable energy.
B. The process of making a new storage device.
C. The problems with current lithium battery technology.
D. The reasons for developing carbon-cement supercapacitors.
15. What is an application for supercapacitors
A. Powering home appliances continuously.
B. Wirelessly charging electric vehicles on roads.
C. Serving as the main battery for mobile phones.
D. Replacing all traditional building foundations.
16. What does Short’s current research focus on
A. Reducing reliance on carbon-cement.
B. Upgrading existing structures.
C. Tackling high carbon footprint.
D. Simplifying low-cost ingredients.
5.（2026·山东·一模）
Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the environment do not act independently, but instead interact closely and even shape one another in tangible ways.
Genes do not shape our identities merely on their own within our bodies; instead, they function partly by molding the environments we choose or create. A striking finding of this research is that our environment is, in part, shaped by the genes of the people around us. Initial research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks.
Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups.
Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a M bius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal, a core insight of sociogenomics that bridges genetic and social science.
17. Why did the author mention the “nature versus nurture” debate in paragraph 1
A. To emphasize the dominant role of family experiences.
B. To introduce a long-standing core topic in human sciences.
C. To highlight the weakness of early hereditarians’ arguments.
D. To lay a contrastive foundation for a new scientific perspective.
18. What can be inferred from the example of students
A. Smoking behavior spreads mainly through direct persuasion.
B. Genetic tendencies can indirectly change group behavior.
C. School rules fail to control students’ genetic instincts.
D. Only smokers’ friends adopt the same genetic risks.
19. What happens when environments become more diverse according to paragraph 3
A. People rely less on their genetic traits.
B. Genetic differences play a smaller role.
C Genetic differences become more influential.
D. Nurture becomes more important than nature.
20. What does the author mean by comparing nature and nurture to a “M bius strip”
A. They depend entirely on physical conditions.
B. They have a one-way influence on each other.
C. They form a complex, continuous cycle of impact.
D. They are two separate parts of human development.
6.（2026·山西·一模）
New research challenges the widespread belief that artificial intelligence (AI) is driving a major rise in global greenhouse gas emissions Scientists from the University of Waterloo and the Georgia Institute of Technology analyzed U.S. economic data alongside estimates of how frequently AI tools are used across different industries. Their aim was to understand what might happen to the environment if AI adoption increases along its current path.
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, 83 percent of the nation’s economic activity relies on petrol, coal and natural gas. These fuels release greenhouse gases when burned. The researchers noted that total energy use from AI in the U.S. matched the electricity consumption of Iceland, yet this amount remained insignificant when viewed at national or global levels.
“It is important to note that the increase in energy use is not going to be uniform. It’s going to be felt more in the places where electricity is produced to power the data centers,” said Dr Juan Moreno-Cruz, a professor at the School of Environment, Enterprise and Development at the University of Waterloo and Canada Research Chair in Energy Transitions. “If you look at that energy from the local perspective, that’s a big deal because some places could see double the amount of electricity output and emissions. But at a larger scale, AI’s use of energy won’t be noticeable.”
“For people who believe that the use of AI will be a major problem for the climate and think we should avoid it, we’re offering a different perspective,” Moreno-Cruz added. “The effects on climate are not that significant, and we can use AI to develop green technologies or to improve existing ones.”
To develop their findings, environmental economists Moreno-Cruz and Dr Anthony Harding reviewed a variety of economic sectors, the types of jobs within those sectors, and the share of tasks that could potentially be performed by AI. Moreno-Cruz and Harding intend to apply the same approach to additional countries in order to understand how AI adoption may affect environmental outcomes across different regions of the world.
21. What is the primary goal of the research
A. To promote the development of green AI. B. To measure energy consumption worldwide.
C. To warn about AI’s growing energy demands. D. To assess AI’s potential environmental effects.
22. What can be said about AI energy consumption in the U.S.
A. It contributes to petrol-based activities. B. It will soon reach the global emission target.
C. It has small influence at the national level. D. It exceeds Iceland’s electricity consumption.
23 What do researchers plan to do next
A. Extend their research to more countries. B. Shift focus to AI’s economic advantages.
C. Develop AI applications to stop emissions. D. Reduce the energy use of AI in data centers.
24. Which of the following is the main idea of the text
A. AI technology drives greenhouse gas emissions.
B. AI energy consumption urgently needs regulating.
C. Data centers emit more than previously estimated.
D. AI’s impact on climate is much smaller than believed.
7.（2026·东北三省三校·一模）
For decades, cancer treatment has been dominated by chemotherapy (化疗) , a tool that attacks rapidly dividing cells — both cancerous and healthy ones. Patients undergoing chemotherapy often suffer severe side effects such as hair loss, and weakened immunity, making the treatment process as painful as the disease itself. However, the emergence of targeted drugs has started an era of precision medicine that treats cancer not with a “carpet bombing” but with a “precision strike.”
Unlike chemotherapy, which harms healthy cells without discrimination, targeted drugs cause minimal damage to normal tissues. Most patients only experience mild side effects like diarrhea, allowing them to maintain a relatively normal quality of life during treatment. Many targeted drugs are also available in oral form, saving patients from frequent hospital visits for injections.
Targeted drugs work like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigation systems. Each cancer cell carries unique molecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special locks on the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs to act as the matching keys, enabling them to attach specifically to these targets. A well-known drug, Trastuzumab, focuses on the HER2 protein overexpressed in some breast cancer cells, blocking their growth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability to destroy cancer cells.
Yet, targeted therapy still faces major difficulties: drug resistance and high costs. Cancer cells are highly adaptable. After months or years of treatment, they may mutate (突变) to escape the effects of targeted drugs. Some lung cancer patients treated with first-generation EGFR inhibitors (抑制剂) , for instance, develop the T790M mutation, making the drugs ineffective. Meanwhile, the long and costly development process of targeted drugs — from target discovery to clinical trials — leads to extremely high prices, putting them out of reach for many patients worldwide.
The future of targeted drugs lies in constant innovation. Scientists are exploring combined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immunotherapy, bringing new hope to countless cancer patients and moving humanity closer to defeating cancer.
25. What advantage do targeted drugs have over chemotherapy
A. They can completely cure cancer.
B. They precisely attack cancer cells.
C. They work faster than chemotherapy.
D. They have no side effects on tissues.
26. Why does the author mention Trastuzumab in paragraph 3
A. To illustrate how targeted drugs work.
B. To explain how cancer cells mutate and resist drugs.
C. To compare targeted drugs with traditional chemotherapy.
D. To show targeted drugs are only effective for breast cancer.
27. What can we infer about targeted therapy in paragraph 4
A. Targeted drugs will soon replace chemotherapy.
B. High costs limit the use of targeted drugs globally.
C. Drug resistance can be solved by T790M mutation.
D. The T790M mutation makes cancer cells sensitive to drugs.
28. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of targeted drugs
A. Doubtful. B. Pessimistic.
C. Optimistic. D. Unconcerned.
8.（2026·河北百校联盟·一模）
Inspired by butterfly wings, a team of German researchers have developed a new kind of robotic wings that can work using only magnetic fields (磁场). The new wings created by the Technical University of Darmstadt researchers need no batteries or electronics.
The researchers drew inspiration from the remarkable efficiency and endurance (持久力) of monarch butterflies, known to have incredibly long migrations between Canada and Mexico. Every autumn, millions of Monarch butterflies start a 3,000-mile journey from their North American breeding grounds to the warmer climate of southwestern Mexico for the winter.
These new robotic wings achieve energy-efficient flight by combining movement with passive bending, which was rarely copied outside the natural world. The team, led by Professor Oliver Gutfleisch and Dr. Denys Makarov, used a combination of flexible plastic fixed with tiny magnetic particles (颗粒) to build the wings.
The team found that the magnetic particles, when exposed to external magnetic fields, caused the wings to bend in a manner similar to that of butterflies. Achieving the desired design proved challenging; however, after testing fewer than 12 different designs, the team could develop wings strikingly similar to those that evolved in butterflies.
Looking ahead, these new wings could have a wide range of applications. One could be environmental research in which winged robots monitor pollinator populations or measure air quality. They could also be helpful in disasters, with their small, energy-efficient design enabling robots to navigate dangerous areas for search and rescue operations. The team also pointed out that the new design could also be readily adapted for medical sciences.
The principle of using magnetic particles in this way could also open doors for developing new kinds of artificial muscles or other innovative materials that can change shape on demand. While the robotic wings currently rely on external magnetic fields to change shape, the team is optimistic about integrating man-made magnetic field generators into future upgrades of the technology. “We plan to explore what changes to magnetic fields can enable more complex movements and control,” explained Muhammad Bilal Khan, another lead author.
29. What’s the driving power of the robotic wings
A. The air pressure. B. The magnetic field.
C. The rechargeable battery. D. The electronic motor.
30. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. The potential of the robotic wings. B. Challenges facing the research team.
C. The working principle of the robots. D. Uncertainties in developing robotic wings.
31. What does the last paragraph imply about the robotic wings
A. They should still depend on outside magnetic fields.
B. Their use is strictly limited to environmental monitoring.
C. They are expected to operate in controlled magnetic fields.
D. Their new versions will function as well as human muscles.
32. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. The Monarch Butterfly’s 3,000-Mile Journey
B. Robotics Taking Wings Thanks to Butterflies
C. Butterflies Rely on Magnetic Fields for Flight
D. Butterfly Wings Hold Clues to Natural Adaptation
9.（2026·广东广州·一模）
Sound travels as vibrations (振动) through the air. Conventional microphones function by picking up these vibrations. Scientists wondered if they could make microphones that see those vibrations rather than hear them. Now researchers in China have built such a device.
Led by physicist Yao Xuri from Beijing Institute of Technology, the team has built a device that photographs the tiny, imperceptible vibrations that sound waves generate on objects. According to Yao, “This technique enables sound detection using everyday items under natural lighting.”
This is hardly the first attempt to make a microphone that works with light. Alexander Graham Bell built one back in 1880. He called it a photophone. It operated by using sound waves to deform a mirror, causing reflected light to flash along with the sound. These flashes were then changed back into sound. Modern attempts have been trying to copy this, using high-speed cameras or precise lasers (激光), but such systems are often complex and costly.
The Chinese team has adopted an alternative approach: single-pixel (单像素) imaging. “Unlike ordinary cameras which rely on millions of sensors, single-pixel imaging uses just one,” Yao noted. It scans a scene to collect visual data, which is then processed by computers to reconstruct an image. Through this technique, Yao’s team detected how sound waves had shaken a paper card or leaf. A computer then decoded the data into audible sound.
The device successfully captured spoken numbers in both Chinese and English and decoded an excerpt from Beethoven’s Für Elise. “This method creates a relatively small amount of data, making it easy to store or upload,” Yao noted. The team is refining the device’s capacity to detect human heartbeat and heart rate, a development that could enable non-contact patient monitoring in medical settings.
Currently, the technology only works from about half a meter away, and detecting sound in noisy environments remains a key challenge. That will take more advanced technology and extensive field testing. But if they succeed, we might not just listen to the world around us — we might watch it speak.
33. The underlined word “imperceptible” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. inaudible B. inaccessible C. unpredictable D. unnoticeable
34. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Research background. B. Study design. C. Technical approaches. D. Key challenges.
35. How does the single-pixel imaging device differ from ordinary cameras
A. It works at a super high speed. B. It processes data with a computer.
C. It uses precise lasers to scan scenes. D. It collects data with only one sensor.
36. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the technology
A. Expectant. B. Doubtful. C. Concerned. D. Uncertain.
10.（2026·江西南昌·一模）
Arabidopsis thaliana (拟南芥), a small thin weed of the mustard family, never seemed likely to gain scientific fame. Yet this common plant has greatly changed from an ignored weed to a biological superstar due to scientists’ foresight, continuous exploration and joint efforts.
Arabidopsis’ journey began with young geneticist George Rédei. At first, Rédei’s research on this weed was widely doubted because many thought only valuable crops or decorative plants were worth studying. But he carried its seeds all the time and later continued research in the US. Inspired by German botanist Friedrich Laibach, he saw its value as a model organism, similar to fruit flies in pared with corn and wheat, Arabidopsis has clear advantages: small size, short growth cycle, many seeds, but what sets it apart from other experimental plants is its only five pairs of chromosomes (染色体), making gene location much easier.
In the 1980s, young scientists like Chris Somerville and Elliot Meyerowitz also noticed its potential. They proved its value through experiments, finding its small genome with little repeated DNA made gene discovery easier. In 2000, a global team finished its research and published the result in Nature, which provided a solid base for future studies.
Today, researches on Arabidopsis have provided important support for crop output expansion, ecological system management and climate change reduction. For instance, the genes identified in Arabidopsis have helped scientists understand the fruit development mechanism of tomatoes and improve the stress resistance of rice.
Beyond plant science, Arabidopsis has also brought new insights to human health research. Notably, about 70% of human cancer-related genes and genes related to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s all exist in this plant.
Arabidopsis is not without limitations. Its simple structure, while useful for genetic research, cannot fully represent the complexity of crops like wheat or corn. However, even with these concerns, this once-ignored weed has already proved that great scientific value can lie in the most unexpected places, and it continues to inspire researchers to explore the mysteries of life.
37. What is special about Arabidopsis as a model organism
A. Its abundant seeds. B. Its brief life period.
C. Its few chromosomes. D. Its unique outer shape.
38. What can be inferred about the Arabidopsis research
A. It cast new light on medical studies. B. It prioritized traditional model organisms.
C. It gained support from most geneticists. D. It targeted major management problems.
39. What is the function of the last paragraph
A. To prove the complexity of Arabidopsis. B. To stress the limitations of Arabidopsis.
C. To restate the importance of Arabidopsis. D. To underline the structure of Arabidopsis.
40. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Applications of Arabidopsis Studies
B. The Link between Arabidopsis and Humans
C. The Discovery of Small Genome in Arabidopsis
D. The Course of Arabidopsis from Weed to Treasure
11.（2026·辽宁·一模）
In 2025, a survey by the Global Tech Education Institute found over 5.2 million high school students worldwide used wearable smart learning devices, with 69% of senior three users saying they helped make full use of fragmented (碎片化的) time. However, early versions had obvious drawbacks: a 2025 report from South Korea’s Education Ministry showed 65% of teachers worried simple wearable devices only provided information without guiding effective learning. To solve the problem, upgraded wearable tools tailored for senior three students have appeared. “Wearable tech should fit the tight study schedule of senior three students, helping them learn efficiently instead of just displaying information,” said Dr. Kim Jae-ho, a tech researcher at Seoul National University.
A recent study in the Journal of Educational Technology found that upgraded wearable devices helped senior three students improve their English word memorization, time management, and reduce study anxiety. According to Dr. Emma Wilson from the University of Cambridge, the devices only significantly boost learning outcomes for those who use them actively and properly, not for passive users. This corrects the misunderstanding that wearables can improve grades without active effort.
The key strength of these upgraded devices is their “personalized guidance + fragmented learning” design. They record learning habits, push targeted review materials during breaks, and send reminders to avoid long-time study fatigue. A survey of 1,200Chinese senior three students found 81% benefited from the personalized push function.
Schools and tech companies are still improving the devices to better fit senior three students’ needs; only 38% of market products can fully match the college entrance exam review rhythm (TechCrunch 2026). These wearable tools will not replace teachers but will become useful helpers in daily study. For senior three students, the value of such tech lies in helping them arrange time scientifically and improve learning efficiency — something crucial for their final review and exam preparation.
41. What was the main drawback of early wearable smart learning devices
A. They were too complex for senior three students to operate.
B. They mainly focused on information without offering effective guidance.
C. They disturbed students in class and reduced learning efficiency.
D. They failed to provide enough materials for exam review.
42. Which best describes Dr. Kim Jae-ho’s attitude
A. Critical and doubtful. B. Worried and anxious.
C. Unconcerned and casual. D. Objective and supportive.
43. What can we infer about the study led by Dr. Emma Wilson from Paragraph 2
A. Active users benefit far more from the upgraded devices.
B. Passive use can greatly improve students’ learning outcomes.
C. All users achieve obvious progress with the devices.
D. Technology decides students’ final learning results.
44. What can we learn from the text
A Early wearable devices have disappeared from the market.
B. Most products suit the college entrance review rhythm perfectly.
C. Upgraded wearables help with efficient and personalized learning.
D. Wearable devices will completely replace teachers in class.
12.（2026·安徽·一模）
Under the autumn sky of Tuohula Xinjiang, golden rice stalks sway gently. Ayinigeer Tuoheti, a 28-year-old computer science graduate, wanders through the fields, checking the ripening crop. Her digital skills are bridging the divide between her family’s traditional rice business and the modern age.
In 2020, Ayinigeer returned home to assist her father — who’d built a 1994 rice processing plant but his health weakened and struggled with business communications. She found the family’s work stuck in the backward reality: the ledger book, handwritten records, and carbon paper. She resolved to transform the business.
First, she turned their small farmer cooperative into a company. Exploiting her computer background, she automated invoicing, inventory, and order processing, shifting all work to electronic systems. To secure high-quality rice, she partnered with over 120 households, who transferred the management rights of their land to her company. Her company provided seeds and training, bought harvests above market prices, and shared profits-boosting farmers’ incomes while ensuring premium raw materials.
In 2023, she tried livestreaming on electronic sales platform. With a smartphone, she presented viewers with local rice fields, processing plants, and family meals with their local products. The initial phase was tough, but local governments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity won audience: daily orders grew from 12 to hundreds. Now, From March to September this year, they had 180,000 orders through livestreaming, with 7,000 on a single day-that’s nearly 35 tons of rice moving directly from their fields to households across China.
The numbers tell the resulting. In early 2024, influencers from across China were reaching out to us, she said. “They wanted to partner with us because our product had proven appealing.”
The phenomenal success of Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, however, stems not just from technology, but Tuohula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich soil, and Tianshan snowmelt water make it sweet and aromatic. Local farming is 98% mechanized, and a 1998 seed base (investing 1 million yuan yearly) develops high-quality varieties-including the seeds Ayinigeer uses.
45. What did Ayinigeer do first to improve the family business
A. She started livestreaming on Douyin.
B. She modernized the operation system.
C. She partnered with over 120 local households.
D. She inspected crops personally.
46. Why could Ayinigeer’s sales model attract viewers
A. She offered very low rice prices.
B. She used professional broadcasting equipment.
C. She presented authentic rice production scenes.
D. She accumulated many followers before livestreaming.
47. What can we infer about Tuohula’s rice
A. It is popular all over the world.
B. Local natural conditions contributed to its popularity.
C. It is only sold in southern Xinjiang.
D. Its production cost is much lower than average.
48. Which is the most appropriate title
A. Digital Skills Revive Hometown Rice B. Livestreaming Makes Rice Famous
C. Graduate Succeeds in Rice Business D. Quality Rice Boosts Agriculture
13.（2026·湖南怀化·一模）
Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key to reducing urban air pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. Governments, such as the UK, have announced plans to ban new petrol and diesel car sales from 2030, signaling strong policy support for a cleaner transport future. Yet, the path to a fully electric society is far from straightforward, with several challenges yet to be overcome.
Two major practical difficulties stand in the way. First, EVs currently suffer from limited battery ranges compared to conventional vehicles, which can travel longer distances on a full tank of fuel. Second, charging infrastructure (基础设施) remains underdeveloped, with charging points still insufficient in most regions. These factors contribute to “range anxiety” among potential buyers, slowing the shift to electric transport.
On the technological front, solid-state batteries are viewed as a promising breakthrough. Though currently used mainly in consumer electronics like smartphones, they are expected to enter the car market in the coming years, offering quicker charging times and an extended driving range. This could significantly enhance the appeal of EVs to the general public.
Economically, high initial costs continue to be a barrier. However, some countries have introduced policy supports, such as tax reductions, purchase subsidies (补贴), and dedicated traffic lanes for EVs, helping to boost adoption rates. Norway serves as a leading example, with the highest number of electric cars per person globally.
Nevertheless, experts like Colin Herron caution that EVs alone do not equal a zero-carbon future. Their environmental impact depends heavily on how the electricity used to charge them is generated. If the power comes mainly from fossil fuels, the overall emission reduction is limited. In addition, manufacturing EVs — especially their batteries — carries a substantial carbon footprint. Therefore, a truly sustainable transport system may require not only cleaner cars, but also greater use of public transport and a societal move toward fewer and shorter private vehicle trips.
49. What challenges do EVs mainly face
A. High costs and low popularity.
B. Tech delays and unstable power.
C. Limited battery life and safety issues.
D. Limited ranges and insufficient charging points.
50. How do some governments promote EV adoption
A. By raising taxes on petrol cars sharply.
B. By offering tax cuts, subsidies and special lanes.
C. By increasing the number of city parking spaces.
D. By enhancing the quality of public transport services.
51. What does Colin Herron’s warning imply
A. EV benefits rely on clean electricity sources.
B. EVs cannot become truly green in the future.
C. Deadlines for banning fuel cars are not wise.
D. Battery technology is the key to green transport.
52. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To introduce the latest EV models to readers.
B. To call for investment in charging facilities.
C. To discuss both the future and problems of EVs.
D. To blame car makers for high production costs.
14.（2026·内蒙古·一模）
Laser (激光) technology is set to revolutionize space communication, potentially allowing people to have video chats with family and friends while on long space trips: SpaceX, a leading player in the space industry, is pioneering laser-based communication technology for satellites. Last October, US startup Muon Space took up SpaceX’s offer, aiming to use the technology to establish a high-speed satellite connection, as reported by tech magazine PCMag.
Laser-based communication is widely regarded as the future of space communication. According to NASA, the term “laser” stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. In a laser beam, light waves are aligned in peaks, making the beam narrow and bright — ideal for maintaining focus over long distances.
Traditionally satellites rely on radio waves for sending and receiving information. Both laser and radio waves travel at the speed of light, but lasers can carry far more data. For instance, NASA notes that downloading a two-hour HD movie with lasers takes just eight minutes, compared to over 26 days with radio waves.
Lasers also offer enhanced security due to their thin beams, which leave smaller “footprints” This reduces the chance of signals being intercepted or disrupted by others, as stated in the national magazine. Additionally, laser equipment is lightweight and consumes less power, freeing up more space on spacecraft for scientific tools.
However, the narrow laser beam presents a significant challenge: lasers are typically targeted at satellites 500 kilometers above Earth, which move thousands of kilometers per hour. Moreover, clouds and fog can interfere with laser signals, though more ground stations in adverse (恶劣的) weather areas can mitigate this issue.
While laser communication technology has not yet been widely adopted, its market is expanding rapidly. Fortune Business Insights predicts the market could reach 29.52 billion (about 210.19 billion yuan) by 2032. Some experts even suggest that as the technology matures, it may gradually supplement radio wave communication in most space missions by 2040.
53. Which of the following best explains the working feature of a laser beam that benefits long-distance space communication
A. Light waves in it travel at a speed faster than radio waves.
B. Its light waves are aligned in peaks, making it narrow and bright.
C. It can carry more data than radio waves due to its larger footprint.
D. It consumes less power, which ensures stable transmission over distance.
54. What does the underlined word “intercepted” probably mean in paragraph 4
A. Blocked. B. Occupied. C. Provided. D. Strengthened.
55. Which measure is mentioned to address the problem of laser signal disruption by bad weather
A. Increasing the power of laser equipment on spacecraft.
B. Building more ground stations in areas with poor weather.
C. Adjusting the wavelength of laser beams to avoid interference.
D. Using heavier but more stable laser devices for communication.
56. What does the passage imply about the future of laser-based communication
A. Its market growth will slow down as the technology matures.
B. It will completely replace radio wave communication by 2040.
C. It will play an increasingly important role in space communication.
D. It will only be used in a few space missions due to technical limits.
15.（2026·甘肃兰州·一模）
Despite the severe cold of winter, smart greenhouses in the city of Dingxi in Northwest China’s Gansu province are being used for year-round agricultural cultivation, producing fresh fruits and vegetables. In recent years, the city has embraced smart farming and moved beyond traditional weather-dependent practices. The city has 14 intensive smart seedling bases, along with 1,265 standardized greenhouses and steel-framed sheds equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Integrated water and fertilizer systems, along with 5G-enabled environmental control technology, provide precise, real-time monitoring of temperature, light, water and nutrients to enhance crop growth.
Gansu has been implementing (落实) the call made at the 2025 central rural work conference for research and breakthroughs in core agricultural technologies in key fields. In the vast Hexi Corridor, winter-fallow fields have taken on new value through the cultivation of innovative agricultural products. Sun Wancang, a professor at Gansu Agricultural University, has developed a super cold-resistant winter rapeseed (油菜) variety capable of withstanding temperatures as low as -32℃. At experimental bases in cities like Wuwei and Jiuquan, winter rapeseed is boosting grain and oil production while curbing dust storm sources, delivering both economic and ecological benefits.
In Gansu’s Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture, a 200,000-square-meter rose “super factory” is also showcasing the power of technology. The agriculture park, which began operation in 2022, integrates advanced technologies such as digital control, soilless cultivation and post-harvest pre-cooling for fresh-cut flowers, ensuring roses bloom year-round.
The rapid development of new quality productive forces in agriculture is supported by policies and project funding. During China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), Gansu increased investment in agricultural science and technology, implementing seed industry breakthroughs an technological support projects. Backed by four years of central and provincial financial support totaling 250 million yuan, these initiatives are providing strong momentum (动力) for breakthroughs in agricultural technology.
57. What is the main use of the IoT devices described in the first paragraph
A. To help build a larger number of new greenhouses.
B To grow crops like potatoes in a fully automatic way.
C. To check and adjust conditions for plants in real time.
D. To run farms completely without the need for human workers.
58. What does the underlined word “curbing” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Reducing. B. Forming. C. Identifying. D. Strengthening.
59. What supports Gansu’s new quality productive forces in agriculture
A. Research achievements of agricultural experts and institutes.
B. Promotion of smart greenhouses in Gansu’s urban and rural areas.
C. Farming of innovative agricultural products in the vast Hexi Corridor.
D. Policies and financial investment in agricultural science and technology.
60. How does the passage illustrate the impact of smart agriculture
A. By listing typical cases and practical achievements in Gansu.
B. By quoting experts’ opinions and research data from institutes.
C. By explaining the working principles of smart farming technologies.
D. By comparing traditional farming with modern agricultural technologies.
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