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压轴题03 阅读理解C、D篇
命题预测 分析近年高考英语阅读理解 C、D 篇命题规律，社会文化研究报告类说明文是必考压轴题材，选材多来自英美权威报刊、社会研究、高校调研、心理学报告，聚焦社会现象、心理效应、文化观念、生活方式、群体行为、教育研究等。文章逻辑性强、数据与观点交织、长难句密集，侧重考查信息定位、逻辑推理、观点态度、主旨概括等高阶思维。2026 年高考仍会高频考查，命题更贴近青年生活、社会热点、心理认知、文化冲突，强调辩证思考与现实关联。
高频考法 推理判断题 标题归纳题 细节理解题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 观点态度 / 写作意图题
社会文化研究报告类基本规律及解题要领
高考社会文化类阅读多无标题，结构严谨、论证清晰，一般分为四部分：
首段：用生活案例 / 社会现象引出研究主题、心理现象、文化问题或社会趋势。
背景 / 研究介绍：交代现象成因、研究目的、调查对象、数据来源。
主干：呈现研究结果、数据支撑、专家观点、原因分析、正反观点。
结尾：总结结论、给出建议、展望影响、反思社会 / 个人启示。
二、社会文化研究报告类解题技巧
1. 抓语篇结构，快速锁定主旨
用略读法速读首尾段 + 各段首句，圈出study/research/phenomenon/survey等标志词。
社会文化类文章常见行文逻辑：
现象解释型：引出现象→分析原因→阐述影响→给出对策
研究说明型：研究目的→实验 / 调查过程→数据结果→结论 / 启示
观点辩证型：大众看法→专家观点→作者态度→总结反思
2. 定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理
优先定位：人名、机构、年份、数据、研究名称、转折词。
长难句处理：先抓主句主干，剥离定语、状语、插入语，不被细节干扰。
答案原则：原文同义替换 / 合理归纳，不加入个人常识判断。
3. 重点关注研究结论与专家引语
文中 researchers / experts / psychologists / scientists 的表述，是观点题、推理题题眼。
态度词常见：concerned / supportive / critical / optimistic / objective / doubtful。
4. 紧盯转折逻辑，抓住作者真正意图
社会文化类高频转折词：however / but / yet / while / although / on the contrary转折后往往是研究核心、真实问题、作者立场，是命题高频区。
5. 熟悉选项陷阱，快速排除干扰
正确选项：原文信息同义改写、概括全面、符合研究结论。
干扰项：
张冠李戴（把 A 的观点安到 B）
偷梁换柱（改变程度、范围、对象）
无中生有（原文未提及）
以偏概全（用局部细节代替全文主旨）
6. 标题归纳技巧（社会文化类专用）
必须包含核心现象 / 研究主题（如 Diderot Effect、loneliness、Johari Window）。
范围适中，不夸大、不片面。
常见格式：现象 / 研究 + 影响 / 启示 / 原因。
01 社会文化研究报告类
1.（2026·广西·一模）
Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic (美感) and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.
The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive (易冲动的) purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon.
This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological (神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.
The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.
1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A. To analyse reasons.
B. To make a comparison.
C. To lead in the topic.
D. To present viewpoints.
2. What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3
A. An attempt to escape stress from one’s work.
B. A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life.
C. A rush to show off one’s wealth.
D. A biological urge to seek novelty.
3. What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean
A. Unrealistic.
B. Uncontrollable.
C. Adaptable.
D. Casual.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. When One New Thing Changes Everything
B. The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony
C. How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase
D. The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption
2.（2026·山西·联考）
Downtime is an essential part of life. It helps us to be healthier, more productive and more creative. Yet, somehow, we often lose sight of this. Many of us feel we’re wasting time if we aren’t getting things done, but research points to the costs of always being “on”. Our brains aren’t built to handle constant activities.
“Downtime is important not only for our body, but for our mind,” says Elisa Epel, a professor at the University of California. Short pauses — whether you take a few breaths before entering a room or walk through the woods for 10 minutes — can lead to necessary self - reflection. If we’re always getting on with things or keeping busy, we won’t have time to examine whether what we’re doing is meaningful.
“Well-established research has shown that low-level daily stress can create such intense wear and tear on our body’s physiological systems that we see faster aging in our cells,” says Epel. “Mindfulness - based interventions can slow biological aging by interrupting long - lasting stress, giving our bodies a break.”
In 2021, when many Americans were working remotely, Microsoft conducted a study that followed two groups of people: The first had back - to - back video - conferencing, and the other group took 10 - minute breaks between meetings. Microsoft monitored brain activity of 14 participants in the study.
“In the first group, what you see is a brain that’s filled with cortisol and adrenaline, chemicals that are usually produced when people are under stress or anxious,” says Celeste Headlee, a journalist and author of Do Nothing: How to Break Away From Overworking, Overdoing, and Underliving. “It’s tired, it’s stressed, and it’s probably less sympathetic. The other group You can see in brilliant color what a difference the breaks make,” she says. “Those are brains that are relaxed.”
“Most Americans think of downtime as something that has to be earned only after we’ve done all of our productive tasks,” says Amber Childs, a psychologist and associate professor at Yale School of Medicine’s Department of Psychiatry. But research would suggest the opposite: Downtime is a basic human need.
5. What attitude do people usually hold towards downtime
A. Dismissive. B. Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Unclear.
6. What does paragraph 2 emphasize
A. The rich variety of downtime. B. The function of brief pauses.
C. The effect of self - reflection. D. The potential risk of busyness.
7. What can we learn about Microsoft’s study
A. It focused on the structure of the brain.
B. It was designed for people working remotely.
C. It revealed breaks contribute to a peaceful mind.
D. It showed that Americans face high levels of stress.
8. What does Amber Childs advise people to do
A. Give priority to personal needs. B. Value downtime as necessary.
C. Earn downtime through hard work. D. Reward themselves with a treat.
3.（2026·湖南·一模）
As is known to us all, reading books is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits (益处). A team of researchers in Australia finds that growing up with a large library at home improves literacy (读写能力), number-sense, and even technological skills in later life. It appeared in Social Science Research.
The researchers were exploring the advantages of scholarly culture. They were interested in an extra finding that some call the “radiation effect”. “The radiation effect is a situation where children grow up around books, but they don’t read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don’t read them as much as their parents wish them to,” said Joanna Sikora, a scientist in Australia. Joanna and her workmates studied information collected between 2015 and 2019 by the Organization for Economic Development. The survey tested the literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and technological abilities of more than 160,000 adults from 31 countries. And it included a question about how many books participants (参加者) had in their homes during adolescence (青春期). “What we were able to make clear was that people growing up around books had better literacy, numeracy and technological problem-solving skills than people who had fewer books growing up but had similar education levels, similar jobs, and even similar adult habits in connection with reading or working at numeracy-improving activities,” she said.
In fact, teens who only made it through high school but were raised in a bookish environment did as well in adulthood as college graduates who grew up in a house without books. Now, how might a simple display lead to intellectual (智力的) improvement “If we grow up in a house, in a home where parents enjoy books, where books are given as birthday presents and valued, this is something that becomes a wealth of knowledge and gives us this lifelong driving force (驱动力) to always come close to books and read more than we would.”
So keep shelves filled with books. Your kids will not only be thankful, they’ll be more likely to be able to spell “thankful” correctly as well.
9. What’s “the radiation effect” according to the text
A. The terrible influence of radiation on men and things.
B. The negative influence of giving teens birthday presents which are not valued.
C. The beneficial influence of reading books on adolescents.
D. The good influence of the bookish environment on adolescents.
10. What can we learn about the participants from Paragraph 2
A. They all graduated from college.
B. They had only one answer to the survey.
C. They had all been to a sizable library at least once.
D. They were brought up in different growth environments.
11. How does the display of books improve intellect
A. Books help to provide a chance to come close to society.
B. Books are always given to adolescents as valuable presents.
C. Books will offer teens a drive to make great achievements.
D. Books bring a sense of being rich in knowledge and longing to read more.
12. What’s the best title for the text
A. Reading More Helps Improve Children’s Abilities
B. Reading at Home Brings Children Many Advantages
C. Growing Up Around Books Benefits Children a Lot
D. Creating a Bookish Environment for Children Ts of Much Importance
4.（2026·安徽巢湖·一模）
If you’ve ever felt lonely, you’re not the only one. In a survey conducted late last year in the U.S., 20 percent of adults reported feeling lonely, and this feeling is not limited to the U.S.
According to the World Health Organization, the world is experiencing a global health crisis — loneliness. Today, many live isolated (隔离的) lives. People used to belong to a variety of social clubs where they met face-to-face, whereas now, life seems to have shifted online, where people shop, hold work meetings, date, play games, etc. In fact, American adults spend significantly less time socializing face-to-face than they did 20 years ago. Adults in other countries are no better.
The issue of loneliness in South Korea has attracted national attention as young people are spending more time at home by themselves. In Singapore, the trend is for people to believe that they need to be self-sufficient and manage their emotions by themselves. Psychologists agree this can be healthy; however, Mr. Jamil warns that too much self-reliance is dangerous if people don’t connect with others because they view it as being weak.
Mental health experts say that even though there is digital connectedness, loneliness among young adults is high because their communication is usually shallow. Clinical psychologist Haikal Jamil says, “Online connections tend to focus on brief, surface-level exchanges such as likes, comments and short messages, rather than supportive conversations.”
How can we fight this crisis A U.S. study found that when people like what they do every day, whether work or a hobby, their chances of experiencing loneliness diminish. Additionally, exercising, taking a class or playing sports helps people feel active and productive, giving them the mental energy needed to interact with others, thus improving their mental health.
The battle against loneliness isn’t easy, but the methods above can be a start.
13. How does the author illustrate the issue in paragraph 2
A. By making a comparison. B. By offering a definition.
C. By giving examples. D. By listing numbers.
14. Why does online communication fail to replace face-to-face socialization
A. It lacks deep interaction. B. It refuses to follow the trend.
C. It shows signs of weakness. D. It prevents long conversations.
15. What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Disappear. B. Return. C. Expose. D. Decrease.
16. What is the text mainly about
A. Expressing and controlling emotions. B. Developing and displaying social skills.
C Acknowledging and handling loneliness. D. Analyzing and improving mental condition.
5.（2026·广东大湾区·一模）
What if you could stay mentally sharp in old age We may be closer to understanding “superagers” — people over 80 with the cognitive (认知) skills of someone decades younger. Northwestern University’s SuperAging Research Program has identified some common brain features that help preserve this function.
The research defines a “distinct brain-related signature” for identifying superagers: You might be one if you’re 80 or older and can recall at least nine words 30 minutes after hearing a 15-word list. Superagers’ brains also show slower thinning, with only a 1.06% reduction over 18 months compared to the 2.24% seen in their peers (同龄人), and a stronger cholinergic system, which is crucial for memory, learning and motor function. Critically, there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability.
This observed sociability has biological roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell associated with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons are found in highly social species like whales. “Animals with strong connections tend to outlive and outsmart their peers. It’s like the pack culture,” says study author Gefen. Additionally, superagers’ thicker anterior cingulate gyrus — a brain region linked to motivation rather than memory — suggests that they may be more willing to engage in challenging tasks.
However, this isn’t a long-term study tracking participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know whether this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory loss, their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes to superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds.
Still this research could help find future treatments for some brain diseases. Northwestern’s ongoing work aims to advance this goal, including investigating what makes von Economo neurons special and their role in disease resistance.
17. What is the key characteristic that sets superagers apart from their peers
A. Rapid brain thinning. B. Strong critical thinking.
C. Superb visual memory. D. High social engagement.
18. Why does the author mention whales in paragraph 3
A. To analyze human-animal ties. B. To illustrate the basis of sociability.
C. To show the observation result. D. To contrast brains of various species.
19. What does Gefen mean by saying “It’s like the pack culture”
A. Social bonds benefit individuals. B. Pack animals are faced with more risks.
C. Each species has its own culture. D. Sociability is rooted in animal behavior.
20. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Suggestions for further studies. B. Study limitations.
C. Comparisons with other findings. D. Experts’ comments.
6.（2026·湖北·一模）
Culture clash means the tensions and conflicts caused by different working habits, communication styles, and ways of thinking inside a company. This often happens between employees of different generations, separate departments, or people from various cultural backgrounds. With the rapid growth of remote work and the wide use of AI technology, workplaces have become more complex. This leads to more frequent misunderstandings and frictions among colleagues.
There are three main factors that cause such conflicts. First, employees at different career stages often have different ideas about company development and management. For example, young workers may want quick changes, while senior staff may prefer stability. Disagreements about corporate culture often push many talented employees to leave their jobs. Second, cross-cultural differences can easily cause misunderstandings when companies do business internationally. What is polite in one culture may be rude in another. Third, company mergers often lead to clear culture clashes because the two companies usually have very different values and rules.
Although culture clash is hard to avoid in modern companies, effective methods can be used to reduce its bad influence. Respecting cultural differences and valuing the strengths of each group are very necessary. Clear and regular communication helps build trust and understanding. Providing professional cross-cultural training can also improve cooperation and cut down on unnecessary conflicts.
If managed correctly, culture clash will not hurt the organization. Instead, it can help create a more positive and active working environment, strengthen team spirit and cooperation, and further improve the company’s overall competitiveness in the global market.
21. What is the text mainly about
A. Keys to managing cross-cultural conflicts
B. Reasons for global market success.
C. Ways to reduce employee stress.
D. Causes and solutions to culture clash.
22. According to the text, why might talented employees choose to leave their jobs
A. They are unwilling to accept different working styles.
B. They prefer working in companies with different rules.
C. They find it hard to agree with the company’s culture.
D. They are dissatisfied with their salary and benefits.
23. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about culture clash
A. It can be a driving force for company growth.
B. It has little impact on a company’s development.
C. It is the main cause of employee turnover.
D. It should be possibly avoided in global business.
24. What is the author’s attitude towards culture clash
A. Doubtful. B. Hopeful. C. Worried. D. Uncaring.
7.（2026·河北·一模）
A new study from the University of Sheffield is investigating how social robots can help to reduce anxiety and worry in children during their stay in hospital.
Researchers will explore the types of interactions between social robots — which interact with humans through speech and movements — and patients aged five to twelve at Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Led by Brenda Littler, the Sheffield team will assess the reaction and emotional impact of meeting the robots which are thought to help reduce negative feelings in children who often feel nervous about going into hospital.
Ten-year-old Brandon goes to Sheffield Children’s Hospital every two weeks for treatment for eczema (湿疹) which he has suffered from since the age of two. Brandon’s appointments with his doctor can last four hours, but meeting the robots has helped to make them a lot more interesting. He met Pepper, a tall humanoid robot, and MiRo, an animal-like robot. Pepper can be programmed to move, talk, and even dance, while MiRo can make animal- like sounds and has sensory and motor abilities.
“Sheffield Children’s Hospital is committed to advancing the care of the children and young people we look after,” said Paul Dimitri, Professor of Child Health and Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology at Sheffield Children’s Hospital, who is supervising (监督) the project. “Brenda’s work is helping us to understand how our patients react and respond to different types of social robots, and how we best use them in children’s healthcare, all of which are new to us. Using such new insights, Sheffield Children’s Hospital can develop a diverse range of novel technologies to support the development of world-leading technologies for children’s healthcare.”
The robots have visited four areas of Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Despite the promising signs, this study points to the need for more research and development. Large-scale tests that compare social robots in different hospital settings and long-term studies with child patients are needed to gain deeper insights and make using social robots in child care more practical.
25. What is the Sheffield team’s primary concern
A. Robots’ role in speeding recovery.
B. Child patients’ emotional well-being.
C. Social robots’ wide use in healthcare.
D. Kids’ awareness of social interaction.
26. How do social robots help patients like Brandon
A. By reducing their fear of doctors.
B. By shortening the time in hospital.
C. By making their hospital visits fun.
D. By providing entertaining treatment.
27. What does Professor Paul Dimitri say about the research
A. It is patient-inspiring.
B. It pioneers social robots.
C. It is ground-breaking.
D. It stresses diversified care.
28. What does the author imply about the robots in the last paragraph
A. Their hospital value needs further proof.
B. Their use in child healthcare lacks practice.
C. Their influences may vary with the setting.
D. Their long- term benefits might go unnoticed.
8.（2026·广东汕头·一模）
In the digital age, the line between “work” and “rest” has blurred. The rise of the “lying flat” (Tang Ping) movement in Asia highlighted a generation’s burnout. However, a new counter-movement, “Ging” (meaning “going”), is gaining traction. Unlike the hustle culture of the 2010s, “Ging” emphasizes movement and flow.
Proponents of “Ging” don’t advocate for working 24/7. Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation” — working intensely for short bursts followed by complete digital detox. A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more productive and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm.
“It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘off’ like a switch. It’s designed to wave — high energy, low energy, high energy.”
Critics worry this could lead to instability. However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” where employees block out time for uninterrupted work, proving that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to corporate policy.
29. What does the “Ging” movement primarily emphasize
A. Constant productivity and long working hours.
B. A rhythmic pattern of intense work and complete rest.
C. Complete withdrawal from the workforce.
D. Working only during traditional office hours.
30. According to the survey, how did most Gen Z employees feel after adopting the “Ging” rhythm
A. More anxious but wealthier.
B. Less productive but happier.
C. More productive and less anxious.
D. No different from before.
31. What does life coach Mei Chen compare the brain's energy to
A. A battery. B. A switch.
C. A wave. D. A river.
32. What is the significance of companies adopting “Flow Hours”
A. It shows that “Ging” is becoming part of official work structures.
B. It proves that traditional offices are obsolete.
C. It indicates that companies are ignoring employee burnout.
D. It means the “lying flat” movement has ended.
9.（2026·河北石家庄·一模）
In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, proposed a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — that they called the “Johari Window”.
Picture a two-by-two grid, like a window. In one quadrant (象限) of the “Johari Window” is all the things you and other people know about you. In another quadrant is all the stuff that you know about yourself but that other people don’t know about. The other two quadrants are filled with your blind spots. One contains knowledge and information about you that no one knows — not you and not the people who know you. The final quadrant contains the things that other people know about you but that you don’t know about yourself.
The “Johari Window” provided a framework for thinking about these things, but it’s only in more recent years that psychologists have conducted research that establishes that people really do have these kinds of blind spots. These studies suggest that, overall, some of us are actually pretty good at meta-perception. Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots — that is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree on but that we’re ignorant of.
How can you find out what your blind spots are For a systematic approach, you could consider completing a basic personality test. Then ask a sample of trusted friends, relatives, or colleagues to complete the same test about you. Ask them to be as honest as possible. Finally, compare your test scores with the ones other people gave you and brace yourself for some surprises. In business, this kind of approach is called 360° feedback. For a less formal approach, you could try a “dinner of truth”. It’s imperative that you do this with someone you trust and who you have a strong relationship with. At the dinner, you ask them to tell you one annoying thing about you that they’ve never shared before. Proceed cautiously, but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might uncover.
33. Which best illustrates a blind spot in the “Johari Window”
A. Emily shares art in public and gets praise. B. Alex becomes a volunteer but tells no one.
C. Jocelyn’s speaking talent is unknown to others. D. Lisa interrupts somebody but doesn’t realize it.
34. What does the underlined word “meta-perception” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The framework proposed by Luft and Ingham. B. The research on psychological self-knowledge.
C. The awareness of how one is viewed by others. D. The capacity to identify one’s own blind spots.
35. What can be inferred about the “dinner of truth”
A. It works best with casual acquaintances. B. It should replace formal personality tests.
C. It guarantees immediate self-improvement. D. It may reveal unexpected personal weaknesses.
36. What can be the best title for the text
A. The “Johari Window”: Seeing Your Hidden Self B. Four Quadrants: Helping to Know About Yourself
C. 360° Feedback: A Basic Strategy to Find Blind Spots D. The “Dinner of Truth”: A Formal Psychological Test
10.（2026·天津联考·一模）
Reflection is a quiet yet powerful habit that has accompanied human growth throughout history. When we think of reflection, perhaps the first image that comes to mind is someone sitting alone after a long day, replaying conversations, decisions or experiences in their mind, trying to make sense of what happened and what it meant.
However, reflection does not only take place in moments of solitude (独处). It can occur while we are walking home from school, writing in a journal, or even discussing a mistake with a friend. Whatever form it takes, reflection usually involves two essential elements: looking back on an experience and thinking carefully about its meaning. Rather than simply remembering what happened, we try to understand why it happened and what we can learn from it.
Unlike what some people assume, reflection is not a waste of time. It is, in fact, a powerful tool for learning and personal development. Long before modern psychology emphasized self-awareness, thoughtful individuals had already realized that growth depends not only on action, but also on thoughtful review. By reflecting on our successes and failures, we gain insight into our strengths and weaknesses.
Reflection supports learning because it helps organize experience into understanding. Research suggests that when learners pause to think about what they have studied, they remember the material more clearly and apply it more effectively. Simply moving from one task to another without reflection often leads to superficial (表面的) learning.
Above all, reflection has a transformative power. It allows us to see ourselves and the world from a slightly different angle. Instead of reacting automatically to events, we begin to respond thoughtfully. Through reflection, we may challenge our own assumptions, adjust our attitudes, and make wiser choices in the future.
This ability to step back and reconsider our experiences plays an important role in building empathy as well. When we reflect on our own feelings, we become more aware of the feelings of others. By understanding our reactions, we are better prepared to understand theirs. In this way, reflection not only deepens self-knowledge, but also strengthens our connection with the people around us.
37. What is the first image that may come to mind when thinking of reflection
A. A teacher correcting homework. B. A person thinking quietly about past events.
C. A group discussion in class. D. A psychologist giving advice.
38. What are the two essential elements of reflection mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. Action and imagination. B. Memory and emotion.
C. Looking back and thinking deeply. D. Discussion and correction.
39. Why is reflection considered helpful for learning
A. It replaces action with careful thinking.
B. It helps learners remember and apply knowledge better.
C. It makes learning more interesting.
D. It shortens study time and saves energy.
40. According to the passage, what may happen if people act without reflection
A. They may understand others better. B. They may learn more efficiently.
C. They may develop stronger self-awareness. D. They may gain a shallow understanding.
41. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Habit of Looking back. B. The Role of Experience.
C. The Power of Reflection. D. The Meaning of Growth.
11.（2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）
New research from neuroscientists at Trinity College Dublin shows that babies as young as two months old may have certain ability that appears far earlier than scientists previously believed.
Working with the Coombe and Rotunda Hospitals in Dublin, the FOUNDCOG team recruited (招募) 130 infants who were all two months old. Each baby lay comfortably on a soft beanbag while wearing sound-cancelling headphones and viewing bright, colorful images designed to hold their attention for 15-20 minutes. This setup allowed researchers to use functional MRI (fMRI) to record patterns of brain activity as the babies looked at images from 12 familiar visual categories such as cat, bird, rubber duck, and tree. After collecting the brain scans (扫描), the team used AImodels to look into how different visual categories were represented in the infant brain.
It should be noted that although at two months, infants’ communication is limited by a lack of language and fine motor control, their minds are already not only representing how things look, but figuring out which category they belong to. This shows that the foundations of visual cognition (认知) are already in place from very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize what they see into distinct object categories. Parents and scientists have long wondered what goes on in a baby’s mind and what they actually see when they view the world around them. “This research highlights the richness of brain function in the first year of life,” explains Dr. ClionaO’Doherty, the study’s lead author.
The findings help clarify what is happening inside a baby’s brain long before speech or intentional movement is possible. By studying how they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more efficiently, thus reducing their economic and environmental costs. This study provides new foundational knowledge, which will help guide early-years education and inspire more biologically-grounded approaches in AI.
42. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The devices for the study. B. The process of the research.
C. The state of babies’ brain function. D. The challenges in early observation.
43. What role do AI models play in this research
A. Collect brain scan data directly. B. Create colorful images for infants.
C. Analyze visual representation in infant brains. D. Record infants’ movements during the experiment.
44. What is revealed in the new findings
A. Infants can communicate effectively.
B. Infants can recognize bright signs at birth.
C. Babies show early item categorization ability.
D. Babies have more brain activities than adults.
45. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. New AI models have been tested out.
B. The research will promote efficient AI models.
C. Studying baby’s brain structure is a way to boost AI.
D. Early-years education is largely dominated by this study.
12.（2026·山东青岛·一模）
Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children.
The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature.
Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection.
Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining.
Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added.
46. What change has Richardson traced in his study
A. Nature words have disappeared from books. B. People have less direct contact with nature.
C. Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D. Parents spend more time outdoors with kids.
47. What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model
A. They are raised away from nature. B. They can’t adapt to changes in nature.
C. High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D. Schools offer few nature science lessons.
48. What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text
A. Advancing long-term policies. B. Launching eco-friendly campaigns.
C. Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D. Enlarging green space in certain areas.
49. Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________.
A. nature contact varies from city to city B. people’s living habits are hard to change
C. a new way to measure nature time is needed D. small efforts help improve contact with nature
13.（2026·承德·一模）
A few weeks ago, an article by Nathan Heller in The New Yorker indicated “the end of the English major”, examining the trend of declining English department nationwide and the cultural factors that lead students away from spending four years with the passion for Dickens and Shakespeare. Like every other humanities-lover on a college campus that day, I was swept away in the mass panic. My major was, according to a reputable English-major-loved publication, dead.
Heller focused on Arizona State University (ASU) and Harvard University, large “indicators”(higher education. I initially thought he ignored small liberal arts (文科) colleges, assuming English major were safe at Allegheny College, where students supposedly came for the love of learning, not for middle management when they graduate. But data ruined this hope: Allegheny had 84 English majors (9% of all majors) in the spring semester of 2003, but just 20 (2.5%) now — a 72% drop in about 20 years matching the national trend.
Allegheny’s website fuels optimism, asking, “Why put your mind to just one thing ” and define itself as a “safe place of learning”, unlike ASU, which sees degrees as career stepping stones, or Harvard where, according to Heller, even an “unusual major” finds work. Yet campus reality in Allegheny differs Students get locked into majors early, “mind over major” loses to closed-off departments, and English majors fear unemployment, thinking they wasted time and money.
We need to reject the campus “disease”, Heller noted — pressuring students to choose “safeguard paths and dismissing humanities as “hobby-based”. The well-known author Kurt Vonnegut reminded you that the arts may not be the best way to “make a living” but “make life more bearable” and “make soul grow”. Not everybody can or should pursue a degree in chemistry, but it is increasingly clear to me that everybody would benefit from spending 20 credit hours reading, thinking about and discussing literature. While English majors may decline, their lessons live on. As the novelist Jonathan Lethem wrote, “Time change and men adapt.” Between “too bad” and “worst”, we can do better.
50. What phenomenon did Heller point out about English literature
A. Students’ fading love for it. B. Its limited research visions.
C. Students’ confusion about it. D. Its declining literary works.
51. Why did the author’s hope for Allegheny College fade
A. It closed most liberal arts majors. B. It valued career training more.
C. It admitted fewer English majors. D. It cared less about students’ likes.
52. What can be inferred from Allegheny’s website
A. It tried to learn from Harvard. B. It didn’t match its real situation.
C. It failed to ensure students’ safety. D. It didn’t promote critical thinking.
53 What does the author advocate in the last paragraph
A. Students should plan a unique life journey. B. Schools must make English more inviting.
C. Students need to stick to their own purposes. D. Schools ought to look beyond practical values.
14.（2026·江西·一模）
Humans are so hardwired to fit in with the crowd that they often ignore potential risks. Following trends blindly isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental health trouble. Instead, says psychologist Pamela B. Rutledge, it’s perfectly normal. That is linked with a psychological concept that refers to humans’ core need to belong to a social group and bond with others. It’s considered to be one of humans’ basic needs. Multiple psychological analyses argue that human connections are as important as basics like food and shelter.
Though following a trend on social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a tiger, human evolution has made our brains adapt themselves to social signals. Has social media changed how humans signal their social condition to one another Not exactly, says Rutledge. “Rather, it has certainly allowed certain trends to circulate faster and farther than they would have otherwise. Take fashion: While trends once walked down from fashion runways toward common use over years, social media now allows mini-trends to emerge and die out within weeks.”
People all find that trends elicit a pull, and psychologists have figured out reasons. Blame evolution again, Rutledge suggests. “Our brains are hardwired to notice things that are unusual,” she says. “If it’s not normal and other people are all doing it, we have to check it out.” Thus, we notice attention grabbers, giving trends even more reasons for people to follow them.
No one is free from noticing trends, but one group in particular is more likely to follow trends: Teens and young adults. Older adults tend to feel more secure in their identity, a sense that may protect them from being as sensitive to every passing craze. Indeed, social attention varies by age, with older adults not paying as much attention to how they communicate and are linked with others as their younger counterparts. Individuals may be more sensitive to social reward-positive input from members of their social circles-during midlife.
54. What does the underlined word “hardwired” most probably mean in the first sentence of the passage
A. Connected by wires. B. easily changed.
C. Naturally programmed. D. Socially influenced.
55. What can we infer from the psychologist’s comparison between following social media trends and outrunning a tiger
A. Evolutionary instincts play a role in both behaviors.
B. Following trends is a matter of life and death.
C. Social media trends are more dangerous than tigers.
D. Humans are more afraid of social exclusion than physical threats.
56. What does the example of fashion trends in Paragraph 2 primarily to illustrate
A. fashion trends have become less important in the digital age.
B. mini-trends are replacing traditional fashion cycles.
C. fashion shows are no longer the main source of trends.
D. social media has accelerated the cycle of trend spread.
57. According to the passage, how does the author view the phenomenon of following trends
A. It is a sign of psychological vulnerability.
B. It is an unavoidable and normal human behavior.
C. It is a problem that mainly affects young people.
D. It is harmful because it distracts from real dangers.
15.（2026·山东潍坊·一模）
In our fast-paced, stressful lives, we’re often turning to social media, online shopping, or gaming to escape daily pressures. However, the experience can often be the opposite, leaving us more exhausted. This begs the question: do we scroll because we’re stressed, or are we stressed because we scroll
To better understand the subtle (微妙的) relationship of stress a and internet use, particularly how specific online behaviors influence stress levels. Belal’s team, from Finland’s Aalto University, conducted one of the first studies. They recorded real-world internet usage through tracking software installed on participants’ bined with a large sample size and a lengthy observation period, the findings offer especially valuable insight into bow online habits tie in with stress.
The study, published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, collected internet usage data from around 1,500 adults over a seven-month period, comprising nearly 47 million web visits and 14 million app sessions. When compared with participants’ self-reported stress levels from questionnaires, researchers found a strong link between internet use and increased stress, particularly among those who already experienced daily stress. Women consistently reported higher stress levels than men, while stress tended to decrease with age and wealth. Not all online activities were equal, though. The study found that extended time spent on social media, online shopping, and gaming platforms was associated with higher stress levels compared to activities like checking emails or reading the news.
There are always concerns over internet life, especially increasing social media engagement, and some countries, such as Australia, banned social media for anyone under 16. The researchers hope that by gathering more detailed information about people’s internet habits, they can eventually develop concrete recommendations and tools that support healthier, more regulated online engagement. Juhi Kulshrestha, assistant professor at the Department of Computer Science, cautions against oversimplified solutions. She believes that blanket bans on internet use may overlook the emotional support certain online spaces provide. And it’s really crucial to study these issues further so the chicken and egg problem can be solved.
The research team plans to explore how different types of news — political, entertainment, or sports coverage — affect stress, helping further clarify the internet’s complex role in mental health.
58. Why did Belal’s team conduct their research
A. To compare job-related stress levels.
B. To prove why internet use results in stress.
C. To create apps to help lower stress in adults.
D. To study how stress interacts with internet use.
59. What is a feature of the research method
A. Focusing on a specific age group.
B. Conducting nationwide online interviews.
C. Collecting large-scale real data over time.
D. Using lab experiments to measure stress levels.
60. Which online activity likely causes the least stress according to the research
A. Checking emails. B. Shopping.
C. Playing games. D. Chatting.
61. What does Juhi warn against
A. Judging a book by its cover. B. Sacrificing tomorrow for today.
C. Painting everything with the same brush. D. Counting your chickens before they hatch.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)压轴题03 阅读理解C、D篇
命题预测 分析近年高考英语阅读理解 C、D 篇命题规律，社会文化研究报告类说明文是必考压轴题材，选材多来自英美权威报刊、社会研究、高校调研、心理学报告，聚焦社会现象、心理效应、文化观念、生活方式、群体行为、教育研究等。文章逻辑性强、数据与观点交织、长难句密集，侧重考查信息定位、逻辑推理、观点态度、主旨概括等高阶思维。2026 年高考仍会高频考查，命题更贴近青年生活、社会热点、心理认知、文化冲突，强调辩证思考与现实关联。
高频考法 推理判断题 标题归纳题 细节理解题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 观点态度 / 写作意图题
社会文化研究报告类基本规律及解题要领
高考社会文化类阅读多无标题，结构严谨、论证清晰，一般分为四部分：
首段：用生活案例 / 社会现象引出研究主题、心理现象、文化问题或社会趋势。
背景 / 研究介绍：交代现象成因、研究目的、调查对象、数据来源。
主干：呈现研究结果、数据支撑、专家观点、原因分析、正反观点。
结尾：总结结论、给出建议、展望影响、反思社会 / 个人启示。
二、社会文化研究报告类解题技巧
1. 抓语篇结构，快速锁定主旨
用略读法速读首尾段 + 各段首句，圈出study/research/phenomenon/survey等标志词。
社会文化类文章常见行文逻辑：
现象解释型：引出现象→分析原因→阐述影响→给出对策
研究说明型：研究目的→实验 / 调查过程→数据结果→结论 / 启示
观点辩证型：大众看法→专家观点→作者态度→总结反思
2. 定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理
优先定位：人名、机构、年份、数据、研究名称、转折词。
长难句处理：先抓主句主干，剥离定语、状语、插入语，不被细节干扰。
答案原则：原文同义替换 / 合理归纳，不加入个人常识判断。
3. 重点关注研究结论与专家引语
文中 researchers / experts / psychologists / scientists 的表述，是观点题、推理题题眼。
态度词常见：concerned / supportive / critical / optimistic / objective / doubtful。
4. 紧盯转折逻辑，抓住作者真正意图
社会文化类高频转折词：however / but / yet / while / although / on the contrary转折后往往是研究核心、真实问题、作者立场，是命题高频区。
5. 熟悉选项陷阱，快速排除干扰
正确选项：原文信息同义改写、概括全面、符合研究结论。
干扰项：
张冠李戴（把 A 的观点安到 B）
偷梁换柱（改变程度、范围、对象）
无中生有（原文未提及）
以偏概全（用局部细节代替全文主旨）
6. 标题归纳技巧（社会文化类专用）
必须包含核心现象 / 研究主题（如 Diderot Effect、loneliness、Johari Window）。
范围适中，不夸大、不片面。
常见格式：现象 / 研究 + 影响 / 启示 / 原因。
01 社会文化研究报告类
1.（2026·广西·一模）
Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic (美感) and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.
The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive (易冲动的) purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon.
This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological (神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.
The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.
1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A. To analyse reasons.
B. To make a comparison.
C. To lead in the topic.
D. To present viewpoints.
2. What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3
A. An attempt to escape stress from one’s work.
B. A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life.
C. A rush to show off one’s wealth.
D. A biological urge to seek novelty.
3. What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean
A. Unrealistic.
B. Uncontrollable.
C. Adaptable.
D. Casual.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. When One New Thing Changes Everything
B. The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony
C. How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase
D. The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以生活化案例切入，结合历史典故、神经科学与心理学分析，系统解析“狄德罗效应”这一普遍心理现象。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。第一段通过Elaine购买镜子后重新布置卧室的具体事例，引出“This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”，从而自然过渡到文章主题——狄德罗效应。这种以具体故事开头的写法是为了引入话题。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our ‘pleasure chemical’ that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.(当我们寻求新事物时，大脑会释放更多多巴胺，这种物质常被称为“快乐化学物质”，它会驱动欲望。所以，当你开始为闪亮的新物品搭配周边事物时感受到的冲动，不仅仅是审美需求，更是大脑化学反应的结果。我们生来就渴望新奇事物)”可知，狄德罗效应的动机是寻求新奇事物的生理冲动。故选D项。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.(但如果这种感觉开始变得compulsive，就很难摆脱这个循环。你会不断地追求下一次升级)”可知，如果这种感觉变得“compulsive”，就会难以逃脱循环，不断追求下一次升级，暗示失去控制的状态。因此“compulsive”意为“无法控制的”，与Uncontrollable意义一致。故选B项。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(你有没有过这样的经历：家里更新了一件东西，突然发现自己有一长串想要做的改变？这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”可知，文章主要讲一件新事物如何引发连锁变化，即狄德罗效应。A项“When One New Thing Changes Everything(当一件新事物改变一切)”准确概括了这一核心内容，既形象又全面。故选A项。
2.（2026·山西·联考）
Downtime is an essential part of life. It helps us to be healthier, more productive and more creative. Yet, somehow, we often lose sight of this. Many of us feel we’re wasting time if we aren’t getting things done, but research points to the costs of always being “on”. Our brains aren’t built to handle constant activities.
“Downtime is important not only for our body, but for our mind,” says Elisa Epel, a professor at the University of California. Short pauses — whether you take a few breaths before entering a room or walk through the woods for 10 minutes — can lead to necessary self - reflection. If we’re always getting on with things or keeping busy, we won’t have time to examine whether what we’re doing is meaningful.
“Well-established research has shown that low-level daily stress can create such intense wear and tear on our body’s physiological systems that we see faster aging in our cells,” says Epel. “Mindfulness - based interventions can slow biological aging by interrupting long - lasting stress, giving our bodies a break.”
In 2021, when many Americans were working remotely, Microsoft conducted a study that followed two groups of people: The first had back - to - back video - conferencing, and the other group took 10 - minute breaks between meetings. Microsoft monitored brain activity of 14 participants in the study.
“In the first group, what you see is a brain that’s filled with cortisol and adrenaline, chemicals that are usually produced when people are under stress or anxious,” says Celeste Headlee, a journalist and author of Do Nothing: How to Break Away From Overworking, Overdoing, and Underliving. “It’s tired, it’s stressed, and it’s probably less sympathetic. The other group You can see in brilliant color what a difference the breaks make,” she says. “Those are brains that are relaxed.”
“Most Americans think of downtime as something that has to be earned only after we’ve done all of our productive tasks,” says Amber Childs, a psychologist and associate professor at Yale School of Medicine’s Department of Psychiatry. But research would suggest the opposite: Downtime is a basic human need.
5. What attitude do people usually hold towards downtime
A. Dismissive. B. Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Unclear.
6. What does paragraph 2 emphasize
A. The rich variety of downtime. B. The function of brief pauses.
C. The effect of self - reflection. D. The potential risk of busyness.
7. What can we learn about Microsoft’s study
A. It focused on the structure of the brain.
B. It was designed for people working remotely.
C. It revealed breaks contribute to a peaceful mind.
D. It showed that Americans face high levels of stress.
8. What does Amber Childs advise people to do
A. Give priority to personal needs. B. Value downtime as necessary.
C. Earn downtime through hard work. D. Reward themselves with a treat.
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述休息时间是生活的重要组成部分，对身心健康、自我反思、大脑状态至关重要，而人们常轻视休息，多位专家通过研究和观点强调休息是人类基本需求。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Many of us feel we’re wasting time if we aren’t getting things done, but research points to the costs of always being “on”. (我们很多人会认为，如果自己没有把事情做完，那就是在浪费时间。但研究却表明，永远保持“忙碌”状态是有其代价的。)”以及最后一段“Most Americans think of downtime as something that has to be earned only after we’ve done all of our productive tasks(大多数美国人认为只有完成所有高效任务后，才配拥有休息时间)”可推知，人们对休息时间持否定、轻视的态度。故选 A。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“Short pauses — whether you take a few breaths before entering a room or walk through the woods for 10 minutes — can lead to necessary self-reflection. If we’re always getting on with things or keeping busy, we won’t have time to examine whether what we’re doing is meaningful. (短暂的停顿，无论是进房间前深呼吸，还是在林间散步 10 分钟，都能带来必要的自我反思。如果我们总是忙忙碌碌、不停地做事，就根本不会有时间去思考我们所做的事情是否有意义。)”可推知，本段重点强调短暂停顿的作用。故选 B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段““In the first group, what you see is a brain that’s filled with cortisol and adrenaline, chemicals that are usually produced when people are under stress or anxious,” says Celeste Headlee, a journalist and author of Do Nothing: How to Break Away From Overworking, Overdoing, and Underliving. “It’s tired, it’s stressed, and it’s probably less sympathetic. The other group You can see in brilliant color what a difference the breaks make,” she says. “Those are brains that are relaxed.”(“第一组实验对象的大脑中充满了皮质醇和肾上腺素这两种化学物质，它们通常是在人们处于压力或焦虑状态时产生的。”记者兼作家塞莱斯特·赫德利这样说道，她著有《无所作为：如何摆脱过度工作、过度投入和不充分生活》一书。“这些大脑疲惫不堪、压力重重，而且可能缺乏同理心。而另一组实验对象的大脑呢？通过鲜艳的色彩，你可以清晰地看到休息对大脑产生的巨大影响。”她接着说，“那些是放松的大脑。”)”可推知，微软的研究表明休息有助于大脑保持平静。故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 ““Most Americans think of downtime as something that has to be earned only after we’ve done all of our productive tasks,” says Amber Childs, a psychologist and associate professor at Yale School of Medicine’s Department of Psychiatry. But research would suggest the opposite: Downtime is a basic human need.(耶鲁大学医学院精神病学系的心理学家兼副教授阿曼·蔡尔兹表示：“大多数美国人认为，休息时间必须是在完成了所有生产性任务之后才能获得。”但研究结果却表明情况恰恰相反：休息时间是人类的一种基本需求。)”可推知，Amber Childs建议人们重视休息，将其视为必需品。故选B。
3.（2026·湖南·一模）
As is known to us all, reading books is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits (益处). A team of researchers in Australia finds that growing up with a large library at home improves literacy (读写能力), number-sense, and even technological skills in later life. It appeared in Social Science Research.
The researchers were exploring the advantages of scholarly culture. They were interested in an extra finding that some call the “radiation effect”. “The radiation effect is a situation where children grow up around books, but they don’t read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don’t read them as much as their parents wish them to,” said Joanna Sikora, a scientist in Australia. Joanna and her workmates studied information collected between 2015 and 2019 by the Organization for Economic Development. The survey tested the literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and technological abilities of more than 160,000 adults from 31 countries. And it included a question about how many books participants (参加者) had in their homes during adolescence (青春期). “What we were able to make clear was that people growing up around books had better literacy, numeracy and technological problem-solving skills than people who had fewer books growing up but had similar education levels, similar jobs, and even similar adult habits in connection with reading or working at numeracy-improving activities,” she said.
In fact, teens who only made it through high school but were raised in a bookish environment did as well in adulthood as college graduates who grew up in a house without books. Now, how might a simple display lead to intellectual (智力的) improvement “If we grow up in a house, in a home where parents enjoy books, where books are given as birthday presents and valued, this is something that becomes a wealth of knowledge and gives us this lifelong driving force (驱动力) to always come close to books and read more than we would.”
So keep shelves filled with books. Your kids will not only be thankful, they’ll be more likely to be able to spell “thankful” correctly as well.
9. What’s “the radiation effect” according to the text
A. The terrible influence of radiation on men and things.
B. The negative influence of giving teens birthday presents which are not valued.
C. The beneficial influence of reading books on adolescents.
D. The good influence of the bookish environment on adolescents.
10. What can we learn about the participants from Paragraph 2
A. They all graduated from college.
B. They had only one answer to the survey.
C. They had all been to a sizable library at least once.
D. They were brought up in different growth environments.
11. How does the display of books improve intellect
A. Books help to provide a chance to come close to society.
B. Books are always given to adolescents as valuable presents.
C. Books will offer teens a drive to make great achievements.
D. Books bring a sense of being rich in knowledge and longing to read more.
12. What’s the best title for the text
A. Reading More Helps Improve Children’s Abilities
B. Reading at Home Brings Children Many Advantages
C. Growing Up Around Books Benefits Children a Lot
D. Creating a Bookish Environment for Children Ts of Much Importance
【答案】9. D 10. D 11. D 12. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为议论文。文章介绍一项研究发现：孩子从小生活在有书的环境中，即使不读书也对孩子有好的影响。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的““The radiation effect is a situation where children grow up around books, but they don’t read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don’t read them as much as their parents wish them to,” said Joanna Sikora, a scientist in Australia. (“辐射效应是一种情况，孩子们在书中长大，但他们不读书。但不知怎的，书对他们有好处，即使他们没有像父母希望的那样多读书，”澳大利亚科学家乔安娜·西科拉说)”可知，“辐射效应”指的是有书的环境对青少年好的影响。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What we were able to make clear was that people growing up around books had better literacy, numeracy and technological problem-solving skills than people who had fewer books growing up but had similar education levels, similar jobs, and even similar adult habits in connection with reading or working at numeracy-improving activities (我们能够明确的是，与那些在成长过程中拥有较少书籍，但在阅读或从事提高计算能力活动方面有着相似教育水平、相似工作，甚至相似成人习惯的人相比，在书籍周围成长的人具有更好的读写能力、计算能力和解决技术问题的能力)”可推知，参与者在不同的成长环境中长大。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If we grow up in a house, in a home where parents enjoy books, where books are given as birthday presents and valued, this is something that becomes a wealth of knowledge and gives us this lifelong driving force (驱动力) to always come close to books and read more than we would. (如果我们在一个父母喜欢读书的家庭中长大，在一个书被当作生日礼物并受到重视的家庭中长大，这就会成为知识的财富，并给予我们终生的动力，让我们总是接近书籍，比我们平时读得更多)”可知，书籍带来了一种丰富知识和渴望阅读的感觉。故选D。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文大意，尤其是第一段中的“As is known to us all, reading books is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits (益处). (众所周知，读书对孩子有好处。现在，一项新的研究表明，仅仅是在书的周围就有好处)”可知，文章主要讲述了书香环境对孩子成长的好处。由此可知，C. Growing Up Around Books Benefits Children a Lot(围绕书籍成长对孩子们有很大好处)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
4.（2026·安徽巢湖·一模）
If you’ve ever felt lonely, you’re not the only one. In a survey conducted late last year in the U.S., 20 percent of adults reported feeling lonely, and this feeling is not limited to the U.S.
According to the World Health Organization, the world is experiencing a global health crisis — loneliness. Today, many live isolated (隔离的) lives. People used to belong to a variety of social clubs where they met face-to-face, whereas now, life seems to have shifted online, where people shop, hold work meetings, date, play games, etc. In fact, American adults spend significantly less time socializing face-to-face than they did 20 years ago. Adults in other countries are no better.
The issue of loneliness in South Korea has attracted national attention as young people are spending more time at home by themselves. In Singapore, the trend is for people to believe that they need to be self-sufficient and manage their emotions by themselves. Psychologists agree this can be healthy; however, Mr. Jamil warns that too much self-reliance is dangerous if people don’t connect with others because they view it as being weak.
Mental health experts say that even though there is digital connectedness, loneliness among young adults is high because their communication is usually shallow. Clinical psychologist Haikal Jamil says, “Online connections tend to focus on brief, surface-level exchanges such as likes, comments and short messages, rather than supportive conversations.”
How can we fight this crisis A U.S. study found that when people like what they do every day, whether work or a hobby, their chances of experiencing loneliness diminish. Additionally, exercising, taking a class or playing sports helps people feel active and productive, giving them the mental energy needed to interact with others, thus improving their mental health.
The battle against loneliness isn’t easy, but the methods above can be a start.
13. How does the author illustrate the issue in paragraph 2
A. By making a comparison. B. By offering a definition.
C. By giving examples. D. By listing numbers.
14. Why does online communication fail to replace face-to-face socialization
A. It lacks deep interaction. B. It refuses to follow the trend.
C. It shows signs of weakness. D. It prevents long conversations.
15. What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Disappear. B. Return. C. Expose. D. Decrease.
16. What is the text mainly about
A. Expressing and controlling emotions. B. Developing and displaying social skills.
C Acknowledging and handling loneliness. D. Analyzing and improving mental condition.
【答案】13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球正经历的孤独危机，探讨了孤独产生的原因，包括社交方式的转变、过度自我依赖以及线上交流缺乏深度等，并提出了应对孤独的方法，如做自己喜欢的事、锻炼、上课或参加体育活动等。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“People used to belong to a variety of social clubs where they met face-to-face, whereas now, life seems to have shifted online, where people shop, hold work meetings, date, play games, etc. In fact, American adults spend significantly less time socializing face-to-face than they did 20 years ago. Adults in other countries are no better.(过去，人们常常属于各种各样的社交俱乐部，在那里他们进行面对面的交流，而现在，生活似乎已经转移到了线上，人们在线上购物、开工作会议、约会、玩游戏等等。事实上，与20年前相比，美国成年人花在面对面社交上的时间大幅减少。其他国家的成年人情况也并不乐观。)”可知，作者通过对比过去和现在人们的社交方式来阐述第二段中提到的孤独问题。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Mental health experts say that even though there is digital connectedness, loneliness among young adults is high because their communication is usually shallow. Clinical psychologist Haikal Jamil says, “Online connections tend to focus on brief, surface-level exchanges such as likes, comments and short messages, rather than supportive conversations.” (心理健康专家表示，尽管存在数字连接，但年轻人中的孤独感却很高，因为他们的交流通常很肤浅。临床心理学家Haikal Jamil说：“线上联系往往侧重于简短、表面层次的交流，比如点赞、评论和短消息，而非能提供支持的对话。”)”可知，在线交流不能取代面对面社交是因为它缺乏深度的互动。故选A项。
【15题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“A U.S. study found that when people like what they do every day, whether work or a hobby, their chances of experiencing loneliness diminish. (一项美国研究发现，当人们喜欢自己每天所做的事情时，无论是工作还是爱好，他们感到孤独的可能性都会diminish。)”可知，当人们喜欢他们每天做的事情时，他们体验孤独的机会应该会“减少，降低”，因此diminish应与Decrease意思相近，表示“减少，降低”。故选D项。
【16题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“If you’ve ever felt lonely, you’re not the only one. In a survey conducted late last year in the U.S., 20 percent of adults reported feeling lonely, and this feeling is not limited to the U.S. (如果你曾经感到孤独，你并不是唯一一个有这种感受的人。去年年底在美国进行的一项调查显示，20%的成年人表示感到孤独，而且这种感受并非仅限于美国。)”可知，文章主要介绍了全球正经历的孤独危机，探讨了孤独产生的原因，并提出了应对孤独的方法。所以“Acknowledging and handling loneliness (承认并处理孤独)”为文章的核心主旨。故选C项。
5.（2026·广东大湾区·一模）
What if you could stay mentally sharp in old age We may be closer to understanding “superagers” — people over 80 with the cognitive (认知) skills of someone decades younger. Northwestern University’s SuperAging Research Program has identified some common brain features that help preserve this function.
The research defines a “distinct brain-related signature” for identifying superagers: You might be one if you’re 80 or older and can recall at least nine words 30 minutes after hearing a 15-word list. Superagers’ brains also show slower thinning, with only a 1.06% reduction over 18 months compared to the 2.24% seen in their peers (同龄人), and a stronger cholinergic system, which is crucial for memory, learning and motor function. Critically, there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability.
This observed sociability has biological roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell associated with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons are found in highly social species like whales. “Animals with strong connections tend to outlive and outsmart their peers. It’s like the pack culture,” says study author Gefen. Additionally, superagers’ thicker anterior cingulate gyrus — a brain region linked to motivation rather than memory — suggests that they may be more willing to engage in challenging tasks.
However, this isn’t a long-term study tracking participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know whether this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory loss, their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes to superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds.
Still this research could help find future treatments for some brain diseases. Northwestern’s ongoing work aims to advance this goal, including investigating what makes von Economo neurons special and their role in disease resistance.
17. What is the key characteristic that sets superagers apart from their peers
A. Rapid brain thinning. B. Strong critical thinking.
C. Superb visual memory. D. High social engagement.
18. Why does the author mention whales in paragraph 3
A. To analyze human-animal ties. B. To illustrate the basis of sociability.
C. To show the observation result. D. To contrast brains of various species.
19. What does Gefen mean by saying “It’s like the pack culture”
A. Social bonds benefit individuals. B. Pack animals are faced with more risks.
C. Each species has its own culture. D. Sociability is rooted in animal behavior.
20. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Suggestions for further studies. B. Study limitations.
C. Comparisons with other findings. D. Experts’ comments.
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“超级老人”（认知能力远超同龄人的80岁以上老人）的特征、相关研究及意义。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Critically, there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability.(关键在于，所有超级老人都有一个共同点：善于社交)”可知，超级老人区别于同龄人的关键特征是高度社交参与。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“This observed sociability has biological roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell associated with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons are found in highly social species like whales.(这种观察到的社交能力有其生物学根源。与同龄人相比，超级老人拥有更多与社交能力相关的冯·伊科诺莫神经元，甚至比年轻人还多。这些神经元存在于鲸鱼等高度社会化的物种中)”可知，作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明超级老人善于社交的生物学基础。故选B。
【19题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Animals with strong connections tend to outlive and outsmart their peers. It’s like the pack culture(联系紧密的动物往往比同类寿命更长、更聪明。这就像群体文化)”可知，联系紧密的动物往往比同类寿命更长、更聪明，所以“这就像群体文化”是指社交联系对个体有益。故选A。
【20题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, this isn’t a long-term study tracking participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know whether this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory loss, their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes to superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds.(然而，这并不是一项从青年时期就开始跟踪参与者的长期研究，所以“我们无法完全知道这种高度的社交能力是否有帮助，”Gefen指出。虽然其他研究表明，锻炼等生活方式因素可能预防多达45%的严重记忆丧失，但它们在超级老人中的作用尚不清楚。“说到超级老人，我们的问题多于答案，”她补充道)”可知，本段主要讲了研究的局限性。故选B。
6.（2026·湖北·一模）
Culture clash means the tensions and conflicts caused by different working habits, communication styles, and ways of thinking inside a company. This often happens between employees of different generations, separate departments, or people from various cultural backgrounds. With the rapid growth of remote work and the wide use of AI technology, workplaces have become more complex. This leads to more frequent misunderstandings and frictions among colleagues.
There are three main factors that cause such conflicts. First, employees at different career stages often have different ideas about company development and management. For example, young workers may want quick changes, while senior staff may prefer stability. Disagreements about corporate culture often push many talented employees to leave their jobs. Second, cross-cultural differences can easily cause misunderstandings when companies do business internationally. What is polite in one culture may be rude in another. Third, company mergers often lead to clear culture clashes because the two companies usually have very different values and rules.
Although culture clash is hard to avoid in modern companies, effective methods can be used to reduce its bad influence. Respecting cultural differences and valuing the strengths of each group are very necessary. Clear and regular communication helps build trust and understanding. Providing professional cross-cultural training can also improve cooperation and cut down on unnecessary conflicts.
If managed correctly, culture clash will not hurt the organization. Instead, it can help create a more positive and active working environment, strengthen team spirit and cooperation, and further improve the company’s overall competitiveness in the global market.
21. What is the text mainly about
A. Keys to managing cross-cultural conflicts
B. Reasons for global market success.
C. Ways to reduce employee stress.
D. Causes and solutions to culture clash.
22. According to the text, why might talented employees choose to leave their jobs
A. They are unwilling to accept different working styles.
B. They prefer working in companies with different rules.
C. They find it hard to agree with the company’s culture.
D. They are dissatisfied with their salary and benefits.
23. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about culture clash
A. It can be a driving force for company growth.
B. It has little impact on a company’s development.
C. It is the main cause of employee turnover.
D. It should be possibly avoided in global business.
24. What is the author’s attitude towards culture clash
A. Doubtful. B. Hopeful. C. Worried. D. Uncaring.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了职场中文化冲突的成因、影响以及如何将其转化为积极因素，促进公司发展。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段“Culture clash means the tensions and conflicts caused by different working habits, communication styles, and ways of thinking inside a company. This often happens between employees of different generations, separate departments, or people from various cultural backgrounds.(文化冲突是指公司内部由于不同的工作习惯、沟通方式和思维方式而引起的紧张和冲突。这种情况经常发生在不同年龄、不同部门或不同文化背景的员工之间)”介绍文化冲突的定义与发生场景；第二段中心句为“There are three main factors that cause such conflicts.(造成这种冲突的主要因素有三个)”，本段详细说明文化冲突产生的三大原因；第三段中心句为“Although culture clash is hard to avoid in modern companies, effective methods can be used to reduce its bad influence.(虽然在现代企业中，文化冲突是难以避免的，但可以采取有效的方法来减少其不良影响)”，本段阐述缓解文化冲突负面影响的有效方法；第四段说明合理管理文化冲突的积极意义。根据全文内容可知，文章主要围绕文化冲突的成因与解决办法展开论述。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Disagreements about corporate culture often push many talented employees to leave their jobs.(关于企业文化的分歧常常迫使许多有才华的员工离职)”可知，有才华的员工离职是因为无法认同公司的文化。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If managed correctly, culture clash will not hurt the organization. Instead, it can help create a more positive and active working environment, strengthen team spirit and cooperation, and further improve the company’s overall competitiveness in the global market.(如果管理得当，文化冲突不会伤害组织。相反，它可以帮助创造一个更加积极主动的工作环境，加强团队精神和合作，进一步提高公司在全球市场上的整体竞争力)”可推断，文化冲突若处理得当，可以成为公司发展的动力。故选A。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段作者指出文化冲突若管理得当可带来积极影响，如“create a more positive and active working environment, strengthen team spirit and cooperation, and further improve the company’s overall competitiveness(创造一个更加积极主动的工作环境，加强团队精神和合作，进一步提高公司在全球市场上的整体竞争力)”，可以看出作者对文化冲突持积极、抱有希望的态度。故选B。
7.（2026·河北·一模）
A new study from the University of Sheffield is investigating how social robots can help to reduce anxiety and worry in children during their stay in hospital.
Researchers will explore the types of interactions between social robots — which interact with humans through speech and movements — and patients aged five to twelve at Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Led by Brenda Littler, the Sheffield team will assess the reaction and emotional impact of meeting the robots which are thought to help reduce negative feelings in children who often feel nervous about going into hospital.
Ten-year-old Brandon goes to Sheffield Children’s Hospital every two weeks for treatment for eczema (湿疹) which he has suffered from since the age of two. Brandon’s appointments with his doctor can last four hours, but meeting the robots has helped to make them a lot more interesting. He met Pepper, a tall humanoid robot, and MiRo, an animal-like robot. Pepper can be programmed to move, talk, and even dance, while MiRo can make animal- like sounds and has sensory and motor abilities.
“Sheffield Children’s Hospital is committed to advancing the care of the children and young people we look after,” said Paul Dimitri, Professor of Child Health and Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology at Sheffield Children’s Hospital, who is supervising (监督) the project. “Brenda’s work is helping us to understand how our patients react and respond to different types of social robots, and how we best use them in children’s healthcare, all of which are new to us. Using such new insights, Sheffield Children’s Hospital can develop a diverse range of novel technologies to support the development of world-leading technologies for children’s healthcare.”
The robots have visited four areas of Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Despite the promising signs, this study points to the need for more research and development. Large-scale tests that compare social robots in different hospital settings and long-term studies with child patients are needed to gain deeper insights and make using social robots in child care more practical.
25. What is the Sheffield team’s primary concern
A. Robots’ role in speeding recovery.
B. Child patients’ emotional well-being.
C. Social robots’ wide use in healthcare.
D. Kids’ awareness of social interaction.
26. How do social robots help patients like Brandon
A. By reducing their fear of doctors.
B. By shortening the time in hospital.
C. By making their hospital visits fun.
D. By providing entertaining treatment.
27. What does Professor Paul Dimitri say about the research
A. It is patient-inspiring.
B. It pioneers social robots.
C. It is ground-breaking.
D. It stresses diversified care.
28. What does the author imply about the robots in the last paragraph
A. Their hospital value needs further proof.
B. Their use in child healthcare lacks practice.
C. Their influences may vary with the setting.
D. Their long- term benefits might go unnoticed.
【答案】25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交机器人对住院儿童情绪的积极作用及相关研究。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Led by Brenda Littler, the Sheffield team will assess the reaction and emotional impact of meeting the robots which are thought to help reduce negative feelings in children who often feel nervous about going into hospital.(谢菲尔德团队由布伦达·利特尔领导，将评估与机器人会面对儿童的影响和情感冲击，这些机器人被认为有助于减少儿童对住院的紧张等负面情绪)”可知，谢菲尔德团队的主要关注点是儿童患者的情绪健康。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Brandon’s appointments with his doctor can last four hours, but meeting the robots has helped to make them a lot more interesting.(布兰登和医生的预约可能持续四个小时，但与机器人会面让这些时间变得有趣多了)”可知，社交机器人通过让像布兰登这样的患者的医院就诊变得有趣来帮助他们。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Brenda’s work is helping us to understand how our patients react and respond to different types of social robots, and how we best use them in children’s healthcare, all of which are new to us.(布伦达的工作正在帮助我们了解患者对不同类型社交机器人的反应和回应，以及如何在儿童医疗保健中最好地使用它们，所有这些都是我们新的领域)”可推知，保罗·迪米特里教授认为这项研究具有开创性。故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite the promising signs, this study points to the need for more research and development. Large-scale tests that compare social robots in different hospital settings and long-term studies with child patients are needed to gain deeper insights and make using social robots in child care more practical.(尽管有希望的迹象，但这项研究指出需要更多的研究和开发。需要在不同医院环境中比较社交机器人并进行大规模测试，以及与儿童患者进行长期研究，以获得更深入的见解，并使在儿童护理中使用社交机器人更加实用)”可推知，作者暗示机器人在医院中的价值需要进一步证明。故选A。
8.（2026·广东汕头·一模）
In the digital age, the line between “work” and “rest” has blurred. The rise of the “lying flat” (Tang Ping) movement in Asia highlighted a generation’s burnout. However, a new counter-movement, “Ging” (meaning “going”), is gaining traction. Unlike the hustle culture of the 2010s, “Ging” emphasizes movement and flow.
Proponents of “Ging” don’t advocate for working 24/7. Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation” — working intensely for short bursts followed by complete digital detox. A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more productive and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm.
“It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘off’ like a switch. It’s designed to wave — high energy, low energy, high energy.”
Critics worry this could lead to instability. However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” where employees block out time for uninterrupted work, proving that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to corporate policy.
29. What does the “Ging” movement primarily emphasize
A. Constant productivity and long working hours.
B. A rhythmic pattern of intense work and complete rest.
C. Complete withdrawal from the workforce.
D. Working only during traditional office hours.
30. According to the survey, how did most Gen Z employees feel after adopting the “Ging” rhythm
A. More anxious but wealthier.
B. Less productive but happier.
C. More productive and less anxious.
D. No different from before.
31. What does life coach Mei Chen compare the brain's energy to
A. A battery. B. A switch.
C. A wave. D. A river.
32. What is the significance of companies adopting “Flow Hours”
A. It shows that “Ging” is becoming part of official work structures.
B. It proves that traditional offices are obsolete.
C. It indicates that companies are ignoring employee burnout.
D. It means the “lying flat” movement has ended.
【答案】29. B 30. C 31. C 32. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了亚洲新兴的“Ging”生活理念及其内涵、影响与应用。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Unlike the hustle culture of the 2010s, “Ging” emphasizes movement and flow.(与2010年代的内卷文化不同，“Ging”强调动态节奏与心流状态。)”以及第二段“Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation”—working intensely for short bursts followed by complete digital detox.(相反，他们注重“深度波动”：短时间高强度投入工作，随后进行彻底的数字断联休息。)”可知，“Ging”主要强调高强度工作与彻底休息相结合的节奏模式。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more productive and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm.(亚洲青年研究院2026年的一项调查显示，68%的Z世代职场人采用这种节奏后，效率更高，焦虑感也更低。)”可知，大多数Z世代员工采用这种节奏后效率更高、焦虑更少。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘off’ like a switch. It’s designed to wave — high energy, low energy, high energy.”(人生教练Mei Chen表示：“关键在于节奏，而非单纯休息。人的大脑并非像开关那样只有‘开启’或‘关闭’两种状态，它本就是波动运转的——高能、低能、再高能。”)”可知，Mei Chen将大脑的能量模式比作波浪。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” where employees block out time for uninterrupted work, proving that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to corporate policy.(不过，阿里巴巴、腾讯等企业已开始试行“心流时段”，让员工划出不受打扰的专注工作时间。这证明该理念正从个人生活方式转变为企业管理制度。)”可知，企业推行“心流时段”表明“Ging”理念正成为正式工作制度的一部分。故选A。
9.（2026·河北石家庄·一模）
In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, proposed a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — that they called the “Johari Window”.
Picture a two-by-two grid, like a window. In one quadrant (象限) of the “Johari Window” is all the things you and other people know about you. In another quadrant is all the stuff that you know about yourself but that other people don’t know about. The other two quadrants are filled with your blind spots. One contains knowledge and information about you that no one knows — not you and not the people who know you. The final quadrant contains the things that other people know about you but that you don’t know about yourself.
The “Johari Window” provided a framework for thinking about these things, but it’s only in more recent years that psychologists have conducted research that establishes that people really do have these kinds of blind spots. These studies suggest that, overall, some of us are actually pretty good at meta-perception. Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots — that is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree on but that we’re ignorant of.
How can you find out what your blind spots are For a systematic approach, you could consider completing a basic personality test. Then ask a sample of trusted friends, relatives, or colleagues to complete the same test about you. Ask them to be as honest as possible. Finally, compare your test scores with the ones other people gave you and brace yourself for some surprises. In business, this kind of approach is called 360° feedback. For a less formal approach, you could try a “dinner of truth”. It’s imperative that you do this with someone you trust and who you have a strong relationship with. At the dinner, you ask them to tell you one annoying thing about you that they’ve never shared before. Proceed cautiously, but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might uncover.
33. Which best illustrates a blind spot in the “Johari Window”
A. Emily shares art in public and gets praise. B. Alex becomes a volunteer but tells no one.
C. Jocelyn’s speaking talent is unknown to others. D. Lisa interrupts somebody but doesn’t realize it.
34. What does the underlined word “meta-perception” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The framework proposed by Luft and Ingham. B. The research on psychological self-knowledge.
C. The awareness of how one is viewed by others. D. The capacity to identify one’s own blind spots.
35. What can be inferred about the “dinner of truth”
A. It works best with casual acquaintances. B. It should replace formal personality tests.
C. It guarantees immediate self-improvement. D. It may reveal unexpected personal weaknesses.
36. What can be the best title for the text
A. The “Johari Window”: Seeing Your Hidden Self B. Four Quadrants: Helping to Know About Yourself
C. 360° Feedback: A Basic Strategy to Find Blind Spots D. The “Dinner of Truth”: A Formal Psychological Test
【答案】33. D 34. C 35. D 36. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了心理学家提出的 “乔哈里窗” 及其对心理盲点的划分，并给出了发现自身盲点的具体方法。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The other two quadrants are filled with your blind spots. One contains knowledge and information about you that no one knows — not you and not the people who know you. The final quadrant contains the things that other people know about you but that you don’t know about yourself.(另外两个象限则是你的盲区。一个象限包含着无人知晓的关于你的信息 —— 既不被你自己所知，也不被了解你的人所知。最后一个象限则包含别人清楚、但你自己却不知道的关于你的事情。)”可知，盲点是自己没意识到的问题。Lisa打断别人却没意识到，符合盲点的定义。故选D项。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots — that is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree on but that we’re ignorant of.(然而与此同时，我们大多数人都不具备这种察觉他人如何看待自己的能力，反而存在真正的盲区 —— 也就是说，我们身上有很多重要方面，别人看法一致，我们自己却浑然不知。)”可知，这里“this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us”即指上文meta-perception，所以meta perception指的是知晓他人如何看待自己的意识。故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“At the dinner, you ask them to tell you one annoying thing about you that they’ve never shared before. Proceed cautiously, but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might uncover.(晚餐时，你请他们说出一件以前从没跟你说过、觉得你让人有点烦的地方。要谨慎开口，但你尝试的人越多，就越可能发现真相、认清自己的盲区。)”可知，“真相晚餐”可能会揭示出意想不到的个人缺点。故选D项。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, proposed a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — that they called the “Johari Window”.(20世纪50年代，美国两位心理学家约瑟夫 卢夫特和哈林顿 英厄姆提出了一种研究心理盲区（即你对自己不了解的方面）的思路，他们称之为 “乔哈里窗”。)”以及下文内容可知，本文围绕“乔哈里窗”展开，介绍其原理与发现隐藏自我的方法，所以A项The “Johari Window”: Seeing Your Hidden Self(约哈里之窗：看见你的隐藏自我)符合语境。故选A项。
10.（2026·天津联考·一模）
Reflection is a quiet yet powerful habit that has accompanied human growth throughout history. When we think of reflection, perhaps the first image that comes to mind is someone sitting alone after a long day, replaying conversations, decisions or experiences in their mind, trying to make sense of what happened and what it meant.
However, reflection does not only take place in moments of solitude (独处). It can occur while we are walking home from school, writing in a journal, or even discussing a mistake with a friend. Whatever form it takes, reflection usually involves two essential elements: looking back on an experience and thinking carefully about its meaning. Rather than simply remembering what happened, we try to understand why it happened and what we can learn from it.
Unlike what some people assume, reflection is not a waste of time. It is, in fact, a powerful tool for learning and personal development. Long before modern psychology emphasized self-awareness, thoughtful individuals had already realized that growth depends not only on action, but also on thoughtful review. By reflecting on our successes and failures, we gain insight into our strengths and weaknesses.
Reflection supports learning because it helps organize experience into understanding. Research suggests that when learners pause to think about what they have studied, they remember the material more clearly and apply it more effectively. Simply moving from one task to another without reflection often leads to superficial (表面的) learning.
Above all, reflection has a transformative power. It allows us to see ourselves and the world from a slightly different angle. Instead of reacting automatically to events, we begin to respond thoughtfully. Through reflection, we may challenge our own assumptions, adjust our attitudes, and make wiser choices in the future.
This ability to step back and reconsider our experiences plays an important role in building empathy as well. When we reflect on our own feelings, we become more aware of the feelings of others. By understanding our reactions, we are better prepared to understand theirs. In this way, reflection not only deepens self-knowledge, but also strengthens our connection with the people around us.
37. What is the first image that may come to mind when thinking of reflection
A. A teacher correcting homework. B. A person thinking quietly about past events.
C. A group discussion in class. D. A psychologist giving advice.
38. What are the two essential elements of reflection mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. Action and imagination. B. Memory and emotion.
C. Looking back and thinking deeply. D. Discussion and correction.
39. Why is reflection considered helpful for learning
A. It replaces action with careful thinking.
B. It helps learners remember and apply knowledge better.
C. It makes learning more interesting.
D. It shortens study time and saves energy.
40. According to the passage, what may happen if people act without reflection
A. They may understand others better. B. They may learn more efficiently.
C. They may develop stronger self-awareness. D. They may gain a shallow understanding.
41. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Habit of Looking back. B. The Role of Experience.
C. The Power of Reflection. D. The Meaning of Growth.
【答案】37. B 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍反思的定义、形式、基本要素，以及反思对学习、个人成长和人际交往的重要作用。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When we think of reflection, perhaps the first image that comes to mind is someone sitting alone after a long day, replaying conversations, decisions or experiences in their mind, trying to make sense of what happened and what it meant.(当我们想到反思时，脑海中浮现的第一个画面可能是一个人在漫长的一天后独自坐着，在脑海中重温对话、决定或经历，试图弄清楚发生了什么以及它意味着什么。)”可知，想到反思时，首先想到的画面是一个人安静思考过去的事。故选B项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whatever form it takes, reflection usually involves two essential elements: looking back on an experience and thinking carefully about its meaning.(无论采取何种形式，反思通常包含两个基本要素：回顾一段经历，并仔细思考它的意义。)”可知，反思的两个要素是回顾和深入思考。故选C项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Research suggests that when learners pause to think about what they have studied, they remember the material more clearly and apply it more effectively.(研究表明，当学习者停下来思考所学内容时，他们能更清晰地记住知识，并更有效地运用知识。)”可知，反思有助于学习者更好地记忆和运用知识。故选B项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Simply moving from one task to another without reflection often leads to superficial (表面的) learning. (不经过反思就从一项任务转向另一项任务，往往会导致肤浅的学习。)”可知，不反思就行动可能只会获得肤浅的理解。故选D项。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Above all, reflection has a transformative power.(最重要的是，反思具有改变的力量。)”和全文对反思作用的论述可知，文章核心是阐述反思的强大作用，因此最适合的标题是“反思的力量”。故选C项。
11.（2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）
New research from neuroscientists at Trinity College Dublin shows that babies as young as two months old may have certain ability that appears far earlier than scientists previously believed.
Working with the Coombe and Rotunda Hospitals in Dublin, the FOUNDCOG team recruited (招募) 130 infants who were all two months old. Each baby lay comfortably on a soft beanbag while wearing sound-cancelling headphones and viewing bright, colorful images designed to hold their attention for 15-20 minutes. This setup allowed researchers to use functional MRI (fMRI) to record patterns of brain activity as the babies looked at images from 12 familiar visual categories such as cat, bird, rubber duck, and tree. After collecting the brain scans (扫描), the team used AImodels to look into how different visual categories were represented in the infant brain.
It should be noted that although at two months, infants’ communication is limited by a lack of language and fine motor control, their minds are already not only representing how things look, but figuring out which category they belong to. This shows that the foundations of visual cognition (认知) are already in place from very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize what they see into distinct object categories. Parents and scientists have long wondered what goes on in a baby’s mind and what they actually see when they view the world around them. “This research highlights the richness of brain function in the first year of life,” explains Dr. ClionaO’Doherty, the study’s lead author.
The findings help clarify what is happening inside a baby’s brain long before speech or intentional movement is possible. By studying how they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more efficiently, thus reducing their economic and environmental costs. This study provides new foundational knowledge, which will help guide early-years education and inspire more biologically-grounded approaches in AI.
42. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The devices for the study. B. The process of the research.
C. The state of babies’ brain function. D. The challenges in early observation.
43. What role do AI models play in this research
A. Collect brain scan data directly. B. Create colorful images for infants.
C. Analyze visual representation in infant brains. D. Record infants’ movements during the experiment.
44. What is revealed in the new findings
A. Infants can communicate effectively.
B. Infants can recognize bright signs at birth.
C. Babies show early item categorization ability.
D. Babies have more brain activities than adults.
45. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. New AI models have been tested out.
B. The research will promote efficient AI models.
C. Studying baby’s brain structure is a way to boost AI.
D. Early-years education is largely dominated by this study.
【答案】42. B 43. C 44. C 45. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了都柏林三一学院神经科学家的最新研究发现：两个月大的婴儿就具备将视觉信息分类的能力，这比科学家此前认为的时间要早得多。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Working with the Coombe and Rotunda Hospitals in Dublin, the FOUNDCOG team recruited 130 infants who were all two months old. Each baby lay comfortably on a soft beanbag while wearing sound-cancelling headphones and viewing bright, colorful images designed to hold their attention for 15-20 minutes. (都柏林三一学院的FOUNDCOG团队与库姆医院和罗通达医院合作，招募了130名均为两个月大的婴儿。每个婴儿舒适地躺在柔软的豆袋椅上，佩戴降噪耳机，观看明亮、彩色的图像，这些图像旨在吸引他们的注意力15-20分钟。)”可知，第二段主要描述了研究的具体过程，包括招募对象、实验设置和操作流程。故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After collecting the brain scans, the team used AI models to look into how different visual categories were represented in the infant brain. (在收集完脑部扫描数据后，研究团队使用人工智能模型来探究不同的视觉类别在婴儿大脑中是如何呈现的。)”可知，AI模型的作用是分析大脑扫描数据, 研究不同视觉类别是如何被呈现的。故选C。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“This shows that the foundations of visual cognition are already in place from very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize what they see into distinct object categories. (这表明视觉认知的基础在很早的时候就已经形成了——而且比预期的要早得多。他们已经能够将所看到的事物组织成不同的物体类别。)”可知，研究发现婴儿很早就具备了将看到的物体进行分类的能力。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“By studying how they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more efficiently, thus reducing their economic and environmental costs. (通过研究他们是如何做到这一点的，我们希望启发新一代学习效率更高的人工智能模型，从而降低其经济和环境成本。)”可知，这项研究将促进更高效的人工智能模型的发展。故选B。
12.（2026·山东青岛·一模）
Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children.
The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature.
Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection.
Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining.
Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added.
46. What change has Richardson traced in his study
A. Nature words have disappeared from books. B. People have less direct contact with nature.
C. Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D. Parents spend more time outdoors with kids.
47. What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model
A. They are raised away from nature. B. They can’t adapt to changes in nature.
C. High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D. Schools offer few nature science lessons.
48. What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text
A. Advancing long-term policies. B. Launching eco-friendly campaigns.
C. Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D. Enlarging green space in certain areas.
49. Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________.
A. nature contact varies from city to city B. people’s living habits are hard to change
C. a new way to measure nature time is needed D. small efforts help improve contact with nature
【答案】46. B 47. A 48. A 49. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来，书籍中自然词汇减少，反映出人们与自然的接触日益减少。研究表明，城市化、长辈不再引导孩子亲近自然等因素，可能导致后代出现“自然体验的灭绝”。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children.(据德比大学的Miles Richardson教授的一项研究显示，这种下降趋势反映了他所追踪到的更为广泛的变革：220年来的城市化记录、社区内野生动物的减少，以及父母不再将与自然的接触方式传递给子女的现象。)” 可知，Richardson追踪到的核心变化是：城市化、社区野生生物减少、父母不再传递亲近自然的习惯，即，人们和自然的直接接触变少了。故选B项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The computer modelling in the study also predicts an ‘extinction of experience’, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an ‘orientation’ towards the natural world.(该研究中的计算机模型还预测会出现“体验灭绝”现象，未来的世代将会逐渐失去对自然界的认知，因为自然环境已不再存在于日益密集的居民区之中，而父母们也不再向孩子们传递对自然世界的“认知导向”。)”可知，“体验灭绝”的原因是：社区逐渐被建筑覆盖，自然消失，同时父母不再传递亲近自然的倾向，即，下一代成长环境本身就远离自然。故选A项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining.(更为有效的是那些能在孩子幼年时期就建立与自然联系的措施，比如为幼儿设立的森林学校。研究表明，政府针对早期教育和城市规划的改革举措必须在未来 25 年内持续推行。一旦这种联系得以确立，它就能实现自我维持。)”可知，更有效的方式是从小培养亲近自然的连接，政府调整早期教育和城市设计的举措，必须在未来25年持续推行，即长期政策才是有效的解决方案。故选A项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. ‘Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,’ he said.(一项针对谢菲尔德市民的研究发现，他们平均每天在自然环境中停留的时间仅为4分36秒。“将这个时间增加 10 倍，人们每天就能在户外度过 40 分钟 —— 这或许已经足够了。”)”提及谢菲尔德市民每天只在自然环境中停留4分36秒，而只需增加十倍到四十分钟就够了，即，不用巨大改变，小努力就能提升亲近自然的时间。故选D项。
13.（2026·承德·一模）
A few weeks ago, an article by Nathan Heller in The New Yorker indicated “the end of the English major”, examining the trend of declining English department nationwide and the cultural factors that lead students away from spending four years with the passion for Dickens and Shakespeare. Like every other humanities-lover on a college campus that day, I was swept away in the mass panic. My major was, according to a reputable English-major-loved publication, dead.
Heller focused on Arizona State University (ASU) and Harvard University, large “indicators”(higher education. I initially thought he ignored small liberal arts (文科) colleges, assuming English major were safe at Allegheny College, where students supposedly came for the love of learning, not for middle management when they graduate. But data ruined this hope: Allegheny had 84 English majors (9% of all majors) in the spring semester of 2003, but just 20 (2.5%) now — a 72% drop in about 20 years matching the national trend.
Allegheny’s website fuels optimism, asking, “Why put your mind to just one thing ” and define itself as a “safe place of learning”, unlike ASU, which sees degrees as career stepping stones, or Harvard where, according to Heller, even an “unusual major” finds work. Yet campus reality in Allegheny differs Students get locked into majors early, “mind over major” loses to closed-off departments, and English majors fear unemployment, thinking they wasted time and money.
We need to reject the campus “disease”, Heller noted — pressuring students to choose “safeguard paths and dismissing humanities as “

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