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专题07 完形填空说明文
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【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解
【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式
【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分
命题·趋势·定位
1. 选材特点： 说明文完形填空通常介绍科学发现、社会现象、文化习俗、技术创新或事物原理。选材多源自权威杂志、研究报告或科普文章，内容客观、严谨，具有时代性和知识性。
2. 语篇结构： 结构清晰，常遵循“引出话题 → 介绍背景/定义概念 → 阐述细节/列举论据 → 总结意义/展望未来”的逻辑顺序。文章脉络清晰，逻辑性强，多包含定义、举例、对比、因果等关系。
3. 命题热点：
上下文逻辑推理：根据转折、因果、并列、递进等逻辑关系推断答案。
专业术语与语境理解：在科普或专业语境中，理解并选择符合语境的名词、动词。
固定搭配与句式结构：考查常见动词短语、介词短语及特定句型结构。
作者观点与态度：通过文中关键词句推断作者对所述事物的态度（支持、反对、客观等）。
4. 常见的设问形式：
考查连接词（however, therefore, moreover）以体现逻辑关系。
考查实词（动词、名词、形容词）在专业语境下的准确运用。
考查对长难句的理解及句内成分的搭配。
热点·角度·拆解
2023-2025高考考点细目（完形填空说明文）
卷别 词数 主题 话题 命题形式
2025·上海卷 约420 人与社会 科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用 逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语
2023·上海卷 约430 人与社会 医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡 逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配
2024·浙江1月卷 约390 人与自然 动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考 语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度
2024·北京卷 约350 人与自我 尝试新事物带来的成长与自信 词义辨析、情感变化、语境逻辑
2023·全国乙卷 约380 人与社会 美国体操运动员的奋斗与成功 动词短语、名词辨析、人物经历
2025·上海卷 约420 人与社会 科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用 逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语
2023·上海卷 约430 人与社会 医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡 逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配
2024·浙江1月卷 约390 人与自然 动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考 语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度
热点角度01 上下文逻辑与专业语境
析典例·建模型
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they've long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. [1]______, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors' apparent [2]______ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are [3]______ black or white.
1. A. On one hand B. Afterwards C. As a result D. Above all
2. A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
3. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. mainly
【解题建模】
第一步，通读全文，把握主旨。 文章探讨医生在医疗实践中面对不确定性时，其沟通方式应如何调整。
第二步，逐空分析，运用逻辑与语境。
第1空：前句说医生被教导要传达自信和确定性，后句说患者期望明确的诊断，前后为因果关系。“As a result”（因此）符合逻辑。选C。
第2空：前文多次提到“confidence and certainty”，此处指医生表现出的明显“确定性”（certainty）。选D。
第3空：前句“information overload”说明信息复杂，答案很少（rarely）是黑白分明的。选C。
第三步，验证答案，确保连贯。 代入答案后，逻辑链条清晰：医生传达确定性 → 患者因此期望明确答案 → 但信息爆炸使答案不再明确。
研考点·通技法
逻辑关系词 说明文逻辑严密，要特别关注因果（as a result, therefore）、转折（however, but）、并列（and, moreover） 等连接词，它们能揭示句子间的内在联系。
专业语境词义 在科普或专业类文章中，要结合语境理解词汇的特定含义。如“certainty”在医学语境中代表“诊断的确定性”。
破类题·提能力
（2025·上海卷·高考真题）
In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen 1 ; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 2 of its parts.
I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their 3 mission Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States.
It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these 4 groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 5 ; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should 6 solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might 7 remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 8 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 9 .
One key moment came when the team faced the 10 of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have 11 the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to 12 unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former 13 , enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance.
This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 14 and historical significance. The result is an approach that 15 environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks.
Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation.
1．A．in time B．under discussion C．for good D．in isolation
2．A．difference B．change C．sum D．management
3．A．respective B．deserted C．transitional D．shared
4．A．diverse B．educational C．foreign D．regional
5．A．slowly B．alongside C．overnight D．properly
6．A．unlock B．skip C．interpret D．classify
7．A．similarly B．otherwise C．altogether D．eventually
8．A．consequently B．regretfully C．fortunately D．initially
9．A．unrealistic B．invaluable C．misleading D．conventional
10．A．establishment B．decoration C．removal D．coverage
11．A．sustained B．replaced C．reformed D．ruined
12．A．cause B．mask C．prevent D．suffer
13．A．presence B．expression C．pollution D．strategy
14．A．supervision B．integrity C．guidance D．occupation
15．A．accesses B．balances C．evaluates D．traces
【答案】
1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调科学进步依赖合作而非孤立，以本土植物中心和洞穴保护项目为例，说明跨领域协作能创造更大价值，实现生态与文化保护的平衡。
1．考查介词短语辨析。句意：进步并非孤立发生；它是合作推动的。A. in time及时；B. under discussion讨论中；C. for good永远；D. in isolation孤立地。根据“it’s fueled by cooperation”和下文“Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 　　 of its parts.(就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。)”可知，只有相互合作，才能取得进步，所以进步并非是孤立发生的。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。A. difference不同；B. change变化；C. sum总和；D. management管理。根据第1小题可知，合作可以推动进步的产生，所以乐队通过各个乐器的合作配合演奏出的乐曲，要胜于单个乐器的简单相加；同样，来自不同背景的科学家协调融合他们的专业知识所创造出来的东西，也要比单个知识简单相加的总和更伟大。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的共同使命？A. respective各自的、分别的；B. deserted荒废的；C. transitional过渡的；D. shared共同的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，这里是问的这些聚集着共同的使命。故选D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有这些不同群体的综合专业知识，它就不会成功。A. diverse不同的、各种各样的；B. educational教育的；C. foreign外国的；D. regional区域的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，成功依赖于这些不同群体的综合的专业知识。故选A。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的。A. slowly缓慢地；B. alongside在旁边；C. overnight一夜之间；D. properly适当地、正确地。根据下文“they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”可知，大规模的保护工作是一个长期的过程，所以不是一夜之间就能完成的。故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个为我们提供应该如何解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方案的范例。A. unlock解锁；B. skip跳过、略过；C. interpret解释；D. classify分类。根据上文“Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 　　; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的；它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”和本句中的“innovation and transform”可知，大规模的保护工作需要长期的投资、合作和承诺才能实现，这为如何能找到并实施——即解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方法提供了范例。故选A。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过合作，可以产生进步，否则这些进步可能难以实现。A. similarly相似地；B. otherwise否则；C. altogether总共；D. eventually最终。根据上文“Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress.(知识交流与专业互鉴是科学进步的基础。)”可知，相互合作是取得科学进步的基础，否则难以取得进步。故选B。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。A. consequently因此、结果；B. regretfully遗憾地、懊悔地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. initially开始、最初。根据下文“But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 　　.(但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。)”可知，大学团队应该一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，直到参与其中才发现引进的微生物学家建议的宝贵。故选D。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。A. unrealistic不切实际的；B. invaluable极宝贵的、无价的；C. misleading误导的；D. conventional惯例的。根据上文“When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 　　 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation.(当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。)”可知，两句之间为转折关系，说明公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，但是当微生物学家参与其中后，他所提出的建议应该被证明是非常有效、非常宝贵的。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个关键时刻到来了，团队面临着拆除一座日益恶化的历史木楼梯的问题，该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地。A. establishment建立；B. decoration装饰；C. removal移走、清除；D. coverage覆盖、新闻报道。根据下文的“Before removing it,(在拆除它之前)”可知，团队面临的应该是要拆除一座历史木楼梯的问题。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有预防措施，扰乱结构可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。A. sustained维持；B. replaced代替；C. reformed改革；D. ruined毁坏、破坏。根据上文的“which had become a habitat for microorganisms(该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地)”和常识可知，如果没有预防措施，拆除一座日益恶化的、已成为微生物栖息地的历史木楼梯，扰乱了楼梯的结构，很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拆除它之前，微生物学家建议覆盖楼梯以防止意外伤害。A. cause引起；B. mask掩饰、遮盖；C. prevent阻止、防止；D. suffer遭受。根据第11小题和常识可知，如果不采取预防措施，那么扰乱楼梯结构就很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统，所以在拆除前覆盖楼梯，是为了防止意外的伤害。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功搬迁后，团队建议用投影图像来展示其昔日的存在，让游客领略其历史意义。A. presence存在；B. expression表达；C. pollution污染；D. strategy策略。根据句中的“relocation”和“projected images”可知，历史木楼梯已经成功搬走，所以根据团队建议，游客们只能通过投影图像来看到它昔日存在时的全貌。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。A. supervision监督、管理；B. integrity完整性；C. guidance指导；D. occupation职业、占用。根据第11、12小题和上文的“After the successful relocation”可知，历史木楼梯被成功搬迁，并未破坏洞穴的生态系统，所以保障了它的完整性。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其结果是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法，确保我们国家公园的长期保护。A. accesses接近、进入；B. balances平衡；C. evaluates评估；D. traces追踪。根据上文“This cooperation—combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation—safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 　　 and historical significance.(这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。)”可知，这种合作既保护了文化遗产，又保护了生态环境，是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法。故选B。
热点角度02 固定搭配与句式结构
析典例·建模型
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be [1]______ working in a field in which they're constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to [2]______ their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution.
1. A. compared with B. accounted for C. accustomed to D. annoyed at
2. A. cover B. train C. clarify D. broaden
【解题建模】
第一步，定位考点。 本题组主要考查动词短语和动词与宾语的搭配。
第二步，分析搭配与语境。
第1空：be accustomed to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于……”，医生需要习惯于在充满变数的领域工作。选C。
第2空：根据后文“come up with a list of possibilities”可知，是拓宽（broaden）询问的范围。选D。
第三步，代入验证。 “be accustomed to”准确描述了医生的职业状态，“broaden their inquiry”与后文的“a list”形成完美呼应。
研考点·通技法
固定搭配 熟练掌握常见动词短语（如be accustomed to, come up with）、介词短语（如in isolation, as a result）和句型结构（如it’s...to...）。
动宾搭配 注意动词与宾语的逻辑搭配。例如，我们可以“broaden inquiry”（拓宽调查），但不能“train inquiry”。
破类题·提能力
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent 2 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are 2 black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t 3 , either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 4 uncertainty, not about creating certainty.”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be 5 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to 6 their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 7 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technology has helped 8 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 9 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an 10 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an 11 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”
On the other hand, computers can’t 12 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 13 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, 14 , is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
1．A．On one hand B．Afterwards C．As a result D．Above all
2．A．victim B．instance C．transparency D．certainty
3．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．mainly
4．A．adored B．transformed C．faded D．adjusted
5．A．limiting B．hitting C．threatening D．assembling
6．A．compared with B．accounted for C．accustomed to D．annoyed at
7．A．cover B．train C．clarify D．broaden
8．A．identify B．cure C．defend D．cause
9．A．enlighten B．redefine C．commit D．guarantee
10．A．accurate B．plain C．serious D．remedial
11．A．challenge B．encounter C．conversation D．dispute
12．A．dangerous B．maximal C．unfavorable D．contrasting
13．A．stuff B．hint C．communicate D．indicate
14．A．conclude B．understand C．assume D．calculate
15．A．however B．therefore C．moreover D．hence
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了医生在处理不确定性时的挑战与应对策略。
1．考查介词短语和副词词义辨析。句意：因此，患者期望他们的医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案。A. On one hand一方面；B. Afterwards后来；C. As a result因此；D. Above all最重要的是。根据上文“Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty.”和下文“patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment”可知，长期以来，医生被教导在与患者打交道时要传达出令人安心的自信和确定性，因此患者期望医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案，上下文为因果关系，用As a result符合题意。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但现在，只需点击几下鼠标，就能获得关于各种疾病的信息，专家们开始质疑，医生在与患者沟通时表现出的明显确定性是否真的利大于弊。A. victim受害者；B. instance例子；C. transparency透明度；D. certainty确定性。根据上文“they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty”和下文“when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good”可知，医生被教导在与患者打交道时要传达出令人安心的自信和确定性，所以此处指医生在与患者沟通时表现出的明显确定性。故选D。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着医学和技术的进步带来的信息过载，答案很少是非黑即白的。A. frequently频繁地；B. generally通常；C. rarely很少；D. mainly主要地。根据上文“With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology”可知，医学和技术带来的信息复杂多样，所以答案很少是简单明确的，即答案很少是非黑即白的。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医学院刚刚开始教医生如何应对这种情况，而患者的期望也没有改变。A. adored崇拜；B. transformed转变；C. faded褪色；D. adjusted调整。根据上文“Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this”可知，上文说医学院刚开始教医生处理问题，这里表示病人的期望也没有跟着做出调整，即患者仍然期望医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你思考一下知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。A. limiting限制；B. hitting打击；C. threatening威胁；D. assembling组装。根据下文“not about creating certainty”可知，知识的作用不是创造确定性，而是对不确定性进行限制。故选A。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正在接受培训的医生，就像赌徒一样，需要习惯于在一个他们必须不断根据各种因素权衡可能性的领域工作。A. compared with与……相比；B. accounted for解释；C. accustomed to习惯于；D. annoyed at对……感到恼火。根据下文“working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors”可知，医生要习惯在这样一个充满不确定性需要权衡的领域工作。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Upshur教医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉他们要拓宽他们的询问范围——列出一系列可能性，而不是迅速锁定一个解决方案。A. cover覆盖；B. train训练；C. clarify澄清；D. broaden拓宽。根据下文“come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution”可知，此处指要拓宽询问范围，列出一系列可能性。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你做出了一个你认为很确定的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看会有什么结果。A. identify识别；B. cure治愈；C. defend保卫；D. cause引起。根据上文“Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm”可知，此处指即使做出了确定的诊断，也不确定什么是最好的治疗方法。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：技术有助于重新定义对确定性的追求。A. enlighten启发；B. redefine重新定义；C. commit犯罪；D. guarantee保证。根据下文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 10 diagnosis than from a doctor.”可知，我们可以通过电脑得到诊断，技术对追求确定性的方式产生了影响，即重新定义了对确定性的追求。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们正在达到这样一个阶段：我们可以将一系列症状输入计算机，并得到比医生更准确的诊断。A. accurate准确的；B. plain朴素的；C. serious严重的；D. remedial补救的。根据上文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer”和下文“diagnosis than from a doctor”可知，将一系列症状输入计算机可以得到比医生更准确的诊断。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈佛医学院医学教授Richard Schwartzstein认为，这样的发展既是一种挑战，也是一个机遇。A. challenge挑战；B. encounter遭遇；C. conversation对话；D. dispute争论。根据下文“On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ____ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.””和“On the other hand, computers can’t ____ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way.”可知，技术带来的发展有好有坏，既是挑战也是机会。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，他说：“技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。做这个测试，有99%的确定性你患有这种疾病。”A. dangerous危险的；B. maximal最大的；C. unfavorable不利的；D. contrasting对比的。根据下文“Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”可知，技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。A. stuff填满；B. hint暗示；C. communicate传达；D. indicate表明。根据下文“a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way”可知，此处指计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以根据结节的大小和形状相当精确地计算出患癌症的风险。A. conclude得出结论；B. understand理解；C. assume假设；D. calculate计算。根据下文“quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule”可知，电脑能根据结节的情况计算出患癌风险。故选D。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它不能做的是决定如何告诉你，你的肺里有一个有1%几率变成癌症的结节。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. moreover此外；D. hence因此。根据上文“What it can do”和下文“What it can’t do”可知，前文说电脑能做很多事，这里说它不能做决定如何告知消息，前后是转折关系，应用however。故选A。
（建议用时：45分钟）
刷模拟
A
（2026·湖北武汉·模拟）
In recent years, the concept of “digital minimalism” has gained significant traction. It’s a philosophy that encourages individuals to be more [1]______ about their use of technology, focusing only on the tools that [2]______ value to their lives. The idea isn’t to [3]______ technology altogether, but to use it with intention.
Cal Newport, a computer science professor, [4]______ the term in his 2019 book. He argues that the constant [5]______ of notifications and the pressure to be always online are [6]______ our ability to focus deeply. This constant distraction, he says, leads to higher levels of [7]______ and a lower sense of wellbeing.
The practice of digital minimalism involves a threestep process. First, you take a 30day break from any technology you [8]______ optional. This “digital declutter” allows you to [9]______ what these tools actually add to your life. Second, during this break, you [10]______ activities that you find meaningful, like reading, exercising, or spending time in nature. Finally, after the break, you [11]______ back a select few technologies that truly serve your [12]______ , but on your own terms.
While the idea may seem [13]______ in our hyperconnected world, many who have adopted the practice report feeling more focused, less anxious, and more [14]______ with their offline lives. It serves as a powerful [15]______ that we, not our devices, should be in control.
1. A. curious B. anxious C. intentional D. enthusiastic
2. A. add B. compare C. lose D. reduce
3. A. adopt B. reject C. master D. study
4. A. avoided B. popularized C. invented D. ignored
5. A. flood B. lack C. silence D. analysis
6. A. enhancing B. damaging C. measuring D. testing
7. A. creativity B. productivity C. stress D. happiness
8. A. consider B. prove C. pretend D. make
9. A. forget B. hide C. assess D. ignore
10. A. cut back on B. look forward to C. run out of D. take part in
11. A. hold B. call C. bring D. pay
12. A. goals B. doubts C. mistakes D. troubles
13. A. practical B. necessary C. extreme D. simple
14. A. bored B. connected C. busy D. familiar
15. A. warning B. promise C. reminder D. example
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字极简主义”这一理念，阐述了其定义、倡导者观点、具体实践步骤以及带来的积极影响。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种鼓励个人更加有意识地使用技术的理念，只关注那些能为他们的生活增加价值的工具。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. intentional有意的，故意的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据下文“focusing only on the tools that ____ value to their lives”和“to use it with intention”可知，数字极简主义鼓励人们有意识地、有选择性地使用技术，而不是被动地使用，所以应该是“有意识的”使用。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一种鼓励个人更加有意识地使用技术的理念，只关注那些能为他们的生活增加价值的工具。A. add增加；B. compare比较；C. lose失去；D. reduce减少。根据前文“focusing only on the tools”以及数字极简主义提倡选择性地使用技术可知，人们应该只关注那些能为生活“增加”价值的工具。add value to意为“为……增加价值”。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法并不是要完全拒绝技术，而是要有目的地使用它。A. adopt采用；B. reject拒绝；C. master掌握；D. study研究。根据下文“but to use it with intention”可知，此处与“有目的地使用”构成转折，说明不是完全“拒绝”技术。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：计算机科学教授Cal Newport在他2019年的书中推广了这个术语。A. avoided避免；B. popularized推广，普及；C. invented发明；D. ignored忽视。根据“in his 2019 book”和上下文可知，该教授通过著作让“数字极简主义”这一概念为大众所知，即“推广”了这个术语。故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，源源不断的通知和时刻保持在线所带来的压力正在损害我们深度专注的能力。A. flood大量，涌入；B. lack缺乏；C. silence沉默；D. analysis分析。根据下文“of notifications and the pressure to be always online”可知，手机通知是大量涌入的，用flood形容其数量之多、频率之高。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他认为，源源不断的通知和时刻保持在线所带来的压力正在损害我们深度专注的能力。A. enhancing增强；B. damaging损害；C. measuring测量；D. testing测试。根据前文“constant distraction”以及后文“leads to higher levels of ____ and a lower sense of wellbeing”可知，这种干扰对深度专注的能力产生了负面影响，即“损害”了这种能力。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，这种持续的分心会导致更高水平的压力和更低的幸福感。A. creativity创造力；B. productivity生产力；C. stress压力；D. happiness幸福。根据后文“a lower sense of wellbeing”可知，持续分心带来的应是负面影响，结合常识，通知轰炸和在线压力通常会带来“压力”。stress与wellbeing形成对应。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，你从你认为非必需的任何技术中抽出30天休息一下。A. consider认为；B. prove证明；C. pretend假装；D. make使成为。根据“you ____ optional”可知，此处指个人主观上“认为”某些技术是非必需的。consider...optional意为“认为……是非必需的”。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种“数字清理”让你能够评估这些工具实际上为你的生活增加了什么。A. forget忘记；B. hide隐藏；C. assess评估；D. ignore忽视。根据前文“take a 30day break from any technology you ____ optional”以及后文“what these tools actually add to your life”可知，离开这些技术一段时间后，人们可以重新审视和“评估”它们对自己生活的真实价值。故选C。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其次，在这段休息期间，你参加你觉得有意义的活动，比如阅读、锻炼或在大自然中度过时光。A. cut back on削减；B. look forward to期待；C. run out of用完；D. take part in参加。根据“activities that you find meaningful, like reading, exercising, or spending time in nature”可知，此处指用有意义的活动来替代被清理的数码设备，即“参加”这些活动。故选D。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，休息结束后，你重新带回少数几项真正服务于你目标的技术，但要按照你自己的方式。A. hold back阻止；B. call back回电；C. bring back带回，恢复；D. pay back偿还。根据前文“take a 30day break”和后文“back a select few technologies”可知，休息结束后，人们可以有选择地“重新带回”部分技术。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，休息结束后，你重新带回少数几项真正服务于你目标的技术，但要按照你自己的方式。A. goals目标；B. doubts怀疑；C. mistakes错误；D. troubles麻烦。根据语境，数字极简主义提倡有目的地使用技术，因此重新引入的技术应该是服务于个人的生活“目标”的。故选A。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个想法在我们这个高度互联的世界里可能看起来很极端，但许多采用这种做法的人报告说，他们感觉更专注、更少焦虑，并且与线下生活联系更紧密。A. practical实际的；B. necessary必要的；C. extreme极端的；D. simple简单的。根据上文“in our hyperconnected world”可知，在一个高度互联的世界里，花30天时间进行数字清理，只带回少数技术，这种做法相对常规而言是“极端的”。故选C。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个想法在我们这个高度互联的世界里可能看起来很极端，但许多采用这种做法的人报告说，他们感觉更专注、更少焦虑，并且与线下生活联系更紧密。A. bored无聊的；B. connected有联系的，联通的；C. busy忙碌的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“more focused, less anxious”以及“with their offline lives”可知，此处描述的是回归线下生活后获得的积极感受，即与线下生活有了更深的“联系”。be connected with意为“与……有联系”。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它强有力地提醒我们，控制权应该掌握在我们手中，而不是我们的设备手中。A. warning警告；B. promise承诺；C. reminder提醒；D. example例子。根据上文描述数字极简主义带来的积极影响以及下文“we, not our devices, should be in control”可知，这种现象起到了一个“提醒”作用，让人们意识到谁是真正的主宰。故选C。
B
（2026·江苏南京·模拟）The secret to a longer, healthier life might be simpler than we think. A growing body of research suggests that having a strong sense of [1]______ is a key factor. This isn’t about avoiding illness, but about having a reason to get up in the morning.
Studies have shown that people with a strong “why” tend to have lower rates of heart disease, better cognitive function, and even [2]______ longer lives. One landmark study followed thousands of older adults for years and found that those who reported a high sense of purpose were significantly less likely to [3]______ from a stroke or heart attack.
So, how does purpose [4]______ its protective effects Scientists believe it’s a combination of factors. People with purpose are more likely to [5]______ in healthy behaviors, like regular exercise and a balanced diet. They also tend to have lower levels of stress hormones, as a sense of direction helps them [6]______ life’s inevitable challenges. Furthermore, purpose often [7]______ social connections, which are themselves a powerful predictor of health.
The good news is that purpose isn’t something you either have or you don’t. It can be [8]______ . It might be found in nurturing a family, [9]______ for a cause you believe in, mastering a skill, or simply taking care of a pet. The key is to identify what [10]______ to you and commit to it.
In a world that often [11]______ on productivity and achievement, it’s easy to overlook this fundamental human need. But investing in your sense of purpose may be one of the most [12]______ things you can do for your longterm health and happiness. It’s a [13]______ that the best things in life aren’t things at all, but the [14]______ that gives our lives meaning. As one researcher put it, “Having a reason to live is a [15]______ reason to live longer.”
1. A. humor B. purpose C. justice D. balance
2. A. live B. enjoy C. survive D. endure
3. A. recover B. suffer C. die D. learn
4. A. weaken B. lose C. exert D. avoid
5. A. engage B. believe C. result D. specialize
6. A. create B. ignore C. navigate D. worsen
7. A. breaks B. weakens C. severs D. fosters
8. A. inherited B. measured C. cultivated D. ignored
9. A. waiting B. volunteering C. preparing D. longing
10. A. refers B. contributes C. turns D. matters
11. A. focuses B. depends C. insists D. passes
12. A. stressful B. harmful C. powerful D. challenging
13. A. reminder B. promise C. burden D. choice
14. A. money B. success C. health D. meaning
15. A. strange B. powerful C. simple D. common
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生活目标感对健康和寿命的积极影响，以及如何培养这种目标感。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的研究表明，拥有强烈的目标感是一个关键因素。A. humor幽默；B. purpose目标，目的；C. justice正义；D. balance平衡。根据下文“This isn’t about avoiding illness, but about having a reason to get up in the morning.”和“Studies have shown that people with a strong ‘why’”可知，文章讨论的是拥有一个“理由”或“目的”，即目标感。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，拥有强烈“为什么”的人往往心脏病发病率较低，认知功能更好，甚至寿命更长。A. live生活，活着；B. enjoy享受；C. survive幸存；D. endure忍受。根据“longer lives”可知，此处指“活得更久”，live longer lives为常见搭配。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项具有里程碑意义的研究对数千名老年人进行了多年跟踪调查，发现那些报告有高度目标感的人死于中风或心脏病的可能性显著降低。A. recover恢复；B. suffer遭受（疾病/痛苦）；C. die死亡；D. learn学习。根据“from a stroke or heart attack”可知，此处指“死于”中风或心脏病，die from意为“死于”。suffer from意为“遭受”，但后文提到的是中风和心脏病，在长寿研究的语境中，通常考察的是死亡率。结合上下文“less likely to…from a stroke”且下文有“protective effects”，此处应指因中风或心脏病而死亡的风险更低。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，目标感是如何发挥其保护作用的呢？A. weaken削弱；B. lose失去；C. exert施加，发挥；D. avoid避免。根据“its protective effects”可知，此处指目标感“发挥”其保护性作用，exert effects为常见搭配。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有目标感的人更有可能从事健康行为，如定期锻炼和均衡饮食。A. engage参与，从事；B. believe相信；C. result导致；D. specialize专攻。根据“in healthy behaviors”可知，此处指“参与”或“从事”健康行为，engage in为固定搭配。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们体内的压力荷尔蒙水平也往往较低，因为方向感有助于他们应对生活中不可避免的挑战。A. create创造；B. ignore忽视；C. navigate导航，应对，成功应对（困难）；D. worsen恶化。根据“life’s inevitable challenges”可知，方向感帮助人们“应对”挑战。navigate在此为引申义，意为“成功应对”。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，目标感通常会促进社会联系，而社会联系本身就是健康的有力预测因素。A. breaks打破；B. weakens削弱；C. severs切断；D. fosters促进，培养。根据“social connections, which are themselves a powerful predictor of health”可知，社会联系对健康有益，目标感应是“促进”了这种联系。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是可以被培养的。A. inherited继承；B. measured衡量；C. cultivated培养；D. ignored忽视。根据上文“isn’t something you either have or you don’t”和下文“It might be found in…”可知，目标感不是与生俱来或固定不变的，而是可以后天“培养”的。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能体现在养育家庭、为你所信仰的事业做志愿者、掌握一项技能，或者仅仅是照顾一只宠物。A. waiting等待；B. volunteering志愿做，自愿服务；C. preparing准备；D. longing渴望。根据“for a cause you believe in”可知，此处指为信仰的事业“做志愿工作”。volunteer for意为“自愿做某事”。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关键在于确定什么对你来说重要，并为之投入。A. refers参考，提及；B. contributes贡献；C. turns转变；D. matters重要，有关系。根据“to you and commit to it”可知，此处指找到对你“重要的”事物，matter意为“重要，要紧”。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个常常关注生产力和成就的世界里，人们很容易忽视这一基本的人类需求。A. focuses聚焦，关注；B. depends依靠；C. insists坚持；D. passes通过。根据“on productivity and achievement”可知，此处指世界“关注”或“聚焦于”生产力和成就。focus on为固定搭配，意为“专注于”。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但投资于你的目标感可能是你为长期健康和幸福所能做的最有力的事情之一。A. stressful有压力的；B. harmful有害的；C. powerful强有力的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据上文对目标感积极作用的描述可知，投资于目标感是一种“强有力的”行为。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提醒我们，生活中最美好的东西根本不是物质，而是赋予我们生命的意义。A. reminder提醒物；B. promise承诺；C. burden负担；D. choice选择。根据“that the best things in life aren’t things at all”可知，这句话是对前文观点的总结和升华，起到“提醒”的作用。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提醒我们，生活中最美好的东西根本不是物质，而是赋予我们生命的意义。A. money金钱；B. success成功；C. health健康；D. meaning意义。根据上文“gives our lives meaning”可知，此处指“意义”本身。meaning与purpose相呼应。故选D。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如一位研究人员所说：“有一个活下去的理由，就是一个强有力的理由活得更久。”A. strange奇怪的；B. powerful强有力的；C. simple简单的；D. common常见的。根据全文主旨可知，文章强调了目标感的强大作用，因此此处用powerful来总结，意为“一个强有力的理由”。故选B。
C
（2026·广东深圳·模拟）Have you ever wondered why some people seem to bounce back from every setback while others fall apart The answer often lies in a quality psychologists call “resilience.” Resilience is not a [1]______ trait that you’re either born with or without. Rather, it’s a set of skills that can be [2]______ and strengthened over time.
At its core, resilience is the ability to [3]______ adversity and adapt well in the face of trauma, tragedy, or significant stress. It’s about [4]______, not avoiding, difficulties. The American Psychological Association outlines several factors that [5]______ to resilience. These include the capacity to make realistic plans and take steps to carry them out, a positive view of yourself and confidence in your strengths, and skills in communication and problemsolving.
One of the most important factors, however, is the presence of supportive relationships. Having at least one trusted person you can [6]______ on for encouragement and support acts as a [7]______ against life’s hardships. These relationships provide role models and offer the reassurance that you are not alone in your [8]______.
Resilience doesn’t mean you won’t experience difficulty or distress. Emotional pain and sadness are common in people who have [9]______ major adversity. The path to resilience is likely to involve considerable emotional [10]______. The key is that resilient individuals are able to [11]______ this pain, learn from the experience, and eventually move forward.
Fortunately, resilience can be cultivated. Practices like maintaining a hopeful outlook, [12]______ change as a part of life, and taking decisive [13]______ can all help build your resilience “muscle.” By actively working on these skills, you can learn to [14]______ life’s challenges more effectively, not just surviving them, but using them as a [15]______ for growth.
1. A. common B. rare C. fixed D. simple
2. A. learned B. ignored C. inherited D. hidden
3. A. cause B. avoid C. welcome D. handle
4. A. fearing B. facing C. escaping D. creating
5. A. contribute B. lead C. compare D. limit
6. A. depend B. pass C. turn D. insist
7. A. cure B. shield C. tool D. rule
8. A. success B. struggles C. victories D. joys
9. A. sought B. created C. suffered D. avoided
10. A. stability B. calmness C. distress D. intelligence
11. A. ignore B. process C. forget D. cause
12. A. viewing B. preventing C. resisting D. controlling
13. A. notes B. actions C. photos D. jokes
14. A. create B. avoid C. worsen D. navigate
15. A. barrier B. threat C. cause D. catalyst
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“心理韧性”这一概念，阐述了它不是与生俱来的固定特质，而是一套可以学习和培养的技能，并分析了其构成要素、重要性以及培养方法。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理韧性不是你与生俱来或没有的固定特质。A. common常见的；B. rare稀有的；C. fixed固定的；D. simple简单的。根据下文“that you’re either born with or without”和“Rather, it’s a set of skills that can be ____ and strengthened over time.”可知，心理韧性不是一成不变、与生俱来的“固定”特质。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，它是一套可以随着时间的推移被学习和加强的技能。A. learned学习；B. ignored忽视；C. inherited继承；D. hidden隐藏。根据前文“it’s a set of skills”和“strengthened over time”可知，技能是可以“学习”和加强的。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从本质上讲，心理韧性是在面对逆境、创伤、悲剧或重大压力时能够处理并良好适应的能力。A. cause引起；B. avoid避免；C. welcome欢迎；D. handle处理，应对。根据下文“adapt well in the face of trauma, tragedy, or significant stress”可知，心理韧性是一种“处理”或“应对”逆境的能力。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是关于面对而不是逃避困难。A. fearing害怕；B. facing面对；C. escaping逃避；D. creating创造。根据下文“not avoiding”可知，心理韧性强调“面对”而非“逃避”困难。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国心理学会列举了几个有助于形成心理韧性的因素。A. contribute贡献，促成；B. lead导致；C. compare比较；D. limit限制。根据下文“These include the capacity to...”可知，这些因素“促成”或“有助于”心理韧性。contribute to意为“有助于，促成”。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少有一个你可以在鼓励和支持上依赖的值得信任的人，能起到抵御生活艰辛的屏障作用。A. depend依靠；B. pass通过；C. turn转变；D. insist坚持。根据“on for encouragement and support”可知，此处指“依靠”的人，depend on为固定搭配，意为“依靠”。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至少有一个你可以在鼓励和支持上依赖的值得信任的人，能起到抵御生活艰辛的屏障作用。A. cure治愈；B. shield屏障，保护物；C. tool工具；D. rule规则。根据“against life’s hardships”可知，支持性关系像“屏障”一样保护人们免受生活艰辛的伤害。a shield against意为“抵御……的屏障”。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些关系提供了榜样，并让你确信，在你的挣扎中你并非孤身一人。A. success成功；B. struggles挣扎，奋斗；C. victories胜利；D. joys快乐。根据前文“life’s hardships”和“not alone”可知，此处指在应对困难“挣扎”时获得支持。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：情感上的痛苦和悲伤在遭受过重大逆境的人中很常见。A. sought寻找；B. created创造；C. suffered遭受；D. avoided避免。根据“major adversity”可知，此处指“遭受”重大逆境。suffer from意为“遭受”。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通往心理韧性的道路很可能涉及相当多的情感痛苦。A. stability稳定；B. calmness平静；C. distress痛苦，悲伤；D. intelligence智力。根据前文“Emotional pain and sadness are common”可知，心理韧性的培养过程中会经历情感的“痛苦”。distress与前文pain相呼应。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关键在于，有心理韧性的人能够处理这种痛苦，从经历中学习，并最终向前迈进。A. ignore忽视；B. process处理（信息/情感）；C. forget忘记；D. cause引起。根据下文“learn from the experience, and eventually move forward”可知，有韧性的人能够“处理”痛苦，而非回避或忽视。process在此意为“妥善处理（复杂情感）”。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：保持乐观展望、将变化视为生活的一部分、采取果断行动等做法都能帮助你建立心理韧性“肌肉”。A. viewing看待，视为；B. preventing预防；C. resisting抵抗；D. controlling控制。根据“change as a part of life”可知，此处指将变化“视为”生活的一部分。view…as意为“将……视为”。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持乐观展望、将变化视为生活的一部分、采取果断行动等做法都能帮助你建立心理韧性“肌肉”。A. notes笔记；B. actions行动；C. photos照片；D. jokes笑话。根据“decisive”和“build your resilience”可知，此处指采取果断“行动”，take actions为固定搭配。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过积极锻炼这些技能，你可以学会更有效地应对生活中的挑战，不仅是在挑战中生存下来，而且将它们作为成长的催化剂。A. create创造；B. avoid避免；C. worsen恶化；D. navigate导航，应对，成功应对。根据“life’s challenges more effectively”可知，此处指“应对”或“驾驭”生活中的挑战。navigate在此为引申义，意为“成功应对”。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过积极锻炼这些技能，你可以学会更有效地应对生活中的挑战，不仅是在挑战中生存下来，而且将它们作为成长的催化剂。A. barrier障碍；B. threat威胁；C. cause原因；D. catalyst催化剂。根据“for growth”和上下文可知，心理韧性让人们把挑战转化为促进成长的“催化剂”。故选D。
刷真题
A
（2023·上海·真题）Doctors are scientists whooperate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors' apparent 2 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are 3 black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients'expectations haven't 4 , either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 5 uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
Doctors in training,like gamblers, need to be 6 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to 7 their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 8 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technologyhas helped 9 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 10 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an 11 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an 12 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
On the other hand, computers can’t 13 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 14 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, 15 , is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
1．A．On the hand B．Afterwards C．As a result D．Above all
2．A．victim B．instance C．transparency D．certainty
3．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．mainly
4．A．adored B．transformed C．faded D．adjusted
5．A．limiting B．hitting C．threatening D．assembling
6．A．compared with B．accounted for C．accustomed to D．annoyed at
7．A．cover B．train C．clarify D．broaden
8．A．identify B．cure C．defend D．cause
9．A．enlighten B．redefine C．commit D．guarantee
10．A．accurate B．plain C．serious D．remedial
11．A．challenge B．encounter C．conversation D．dispute
12．A．dangerous B．maximal C．unfavorable D．contrasting
13．A．stuff B．hint C．communicate D．indicate
14．A．conclude B．understand C．assume D．calculate
15．A．however B．therefore C．moreover D．hence
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了医生在处理不确定性时的挑战与应对策略。
1．考查介词短语和副词词义辨析。句意：因此，患者期望他们的医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案。A. On the hand一方面；B. Afterwards后来；C. As a result因此；D. Above all最重要的是。根据上文“Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty.”和下文“patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment”可知，长期以来，医生被教导在与患者打交道时要传达出令人安心的自信和确定性，因此患者期望医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案，上下文为因果关系，用As a result符合题意。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但现在，只需点击几下鼠标，就能获得关于各种疾病的信息，专家们开始质疑，医生在与患者沟通时表现出的明显确定性是否真的利大于弊。A. victim受害者；B. instance例子；C. transparency透明度；D. certainty确定性。根据上文“they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty”和下文“when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good”可知，医生被教导在与患者打交道时要传达出令人安心的自信和确定性，所以此处指医生在与患者沟通时表现出的明显确定性。故选D。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着医学和技术的进步带来的信息过载，答案很少是非黑即白的。A. frequently频繁地；B. generally通常；C. rarely很少；D. mainly主要地。根据上文“With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology”可知，医学和技术带来的信息复杂多样，所以答案很少是简单明确的，即答案很少是非黑即白的。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医学院刚刚开始教医生如何应对这种情况，而患者的期望也没有改变。A. adored崇拜；B. transformed转变；C. faded褪色；D. adjusted调整。根据上文“Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this”可知，上文说医学院刚开始教医生处理问题，这里表示病人的期望也没有跟着做出调整，即患者仍然期望医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你思考一下知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。A. limiting限制；B. hitting打击；C. threatening威胁；D. assembling组装。根据下文“not about creating certainty”可知，知识的作用不是创造确定性，而是对不确定性进行限制。故选A。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正在接受培训的医生，就像赌徒一样，需要习惯于在一个他们必须不断根据各种因素权衡可能性的领域工作。A. compared with与……相比；B. accounted for解释；C. accustomed to习惯于；D. annoyed at对……感到恼火。根据下文“working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors”可知，医生要习惯在这样一个充满不确定性需要权衡的领域工作。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Upshur教医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉他们要拓宽他们的询问范围——列出一系列可能性，而不是迅速锁定一个解决方案。A. cover覆盖；B. train训练；C. clarify澄清；D. broaden拓宽。根据下文“come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution”可知，此处指要拓宽询问范围，列出一系列可能性。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你做出了一个你认为很确定的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看会有什么结果。A. identify识别；B. cure治愈；C. defend保卫；D. cause引起。根据上文“Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm”可知，此处指即使做出了确定的诊断，也不确定什么是最好的治疗方法。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：技术有助于重新定义对确定性的追求。A. enlighten启发；B. redefine重新定义；C. commit犯罪；D. guarantee保证。根据下文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ____ diagnosis than from a doctor.”可知，我们可以通过电脑得到诊断，技术对追求确定性的方式产生了影响，即重新定义了对确定性的追求。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们正在达到这样一个阶段：我们可以将一系列症状输入计算机，并得到比医生更准确的诊断。A. accurate准确的；B. plain朴素的；C. serious严重的；D. remedial补救的。根据上文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer”和下文“diagnosis than from a doctor”可知，将一系列症状输入计算机可以得到比医生更准确的诊断。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈佛医学院医学教授Richard Schwartzstein认为，这样的发展既是一种挑战，也是一个机遇。A. challenge挑战；B. encounter遭遇；C. conversation对话；D. dispute争论。根据下文“On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ____ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.””和“On the other hand, computers can’t ____ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way.”可知，技术带来的发展有好有坏，既是挑战也是机会。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，他说：“技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。做这个测试，有99%的确定性你患有这种疾病。”A. dangerous危险的；B. maximal最大的；C. unfavorable不利的；D. contrasting对比的。根据下文“Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”可知，技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。A. stuff填满；B. hint暗示；C. communicate传达；D. indicate表明。根据下文“a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way”可知，此处指计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以根据结节的大小和形状相当精确地计算出患癌症的风险。A. conclude得出结论；B. understand理解；C. assume假设；D. calculate计算。根据下文“quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule”可知，电脑能根据结节的情况计算出患癌风险。故选D。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它不能做的是决定如何告诉你，你的肺里有一个有1%几率变成癌症的结节。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. moreover此外；D. hence因此。根据上文“What it can do”和下文“What it can’t do”可知，前文说电脑能做很多事，这里说它不能做决定如何告知消息，前后是转折关系，应用however。故选A。
B
（2024·浙江1月卷·高考真题）While taking a 20hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful [1]______ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man [2]______ me on the train. My [3]______ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the [4]______ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had [5]______ a twoyear professional school to quickly find a job [6]______ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most [7]______, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would [8]______ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American [9]______ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I [10]______ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to [11]______ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, [12]______, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he [13]______ me just how much one can gain from [14]______ with an open mind, and a willingness to [15]______ with locals from all walks of life.
1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment
2. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
3. A. true B. socalled C. new D. longlost
4. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right
5. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded
6. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding
7. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable
8. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download
9. A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students
10. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch
11. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with
12. A. wellbehaved B. multiskilled C. warmhearted D. selfeducated
13. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised
14. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching
15. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在火车上与一位年轻的中国公路建设者相遇并交流的经历，这位年轻人虽然工作辛苦却坚持自学，给作者留下了深刻印象，也展示了跨文化交流的价值。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘乘坐20小时火车的途中，我与一位当地人有一次令人谦卑、有教育意义且最重要的是一次美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter遭遇，邂逅；C. competition竞争；D. appointment约会。根据下文“with a local that all travelers long for”和文章描述作者与当地人的交流可知，这是指一次偶然的“相遇”或“邂逅”。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上走近我。A. treated对待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演讲；D. approached靠近，走近。根据上文“I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ____ with a local”和下文“My ____ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____ to practice my Chinese.”可知，是这位年轻人主动“走近”作者，开启了对话。故选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我高兴地抓住机会练习我的中文。A. true真实的；B. socalled所谓的；C. new新的；D. longlost失散已久的。根据前文描述，作者是在火车上刚刚遇到这位年轻人，因此这是他的“新”朋友。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我高兴地抓住机会练习我的中文。A. chance机会；B. advice建议；C. trouble麻烦；D. right权利。根据“so I happily took the ____ to practice my Chinese”可知，朋友不会说英语，正好给作者提供了练习中文的“机会”。take the chance意为“抓住机会”。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他告诉我他是如何上了一所两年制职业学校，以便快速找到修建高速公路的工作来帮助养家。A. visited参观；B. financed资助；C. attended参加，就读；D. founded成立。根据“a twoyear professional school”可知，他应该是“就读”于职业学校。attend school意为“上学”。故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他告诉我他是如何上了一所两年制职业学校，以便快速找到修建高速公路的工作来帮助养家。A. building修建，建造；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据常识和下文“highway builder”可知，他找到的工作是“修建”高速公路。故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是，这个人在辛苦的体力劳动之后，每天还要花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious明显的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable值得注意的，非凡的。根据下文“the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知，在体力劳动后还每天学习，这是非常“引人注目”或“非凡的”事情。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会毫不犹豫地引用一段翻译过来的爱默生语录，然后询问美国作家整体的文学影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据“a translated Emerson passage”可知，他“引用”爱默生的段落。quote意为“引用”。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会毫不犹豫地引用一段翻译过来的爱默生语录，然后询问美国作家整体的文学影响。A. writers作家；B. historians历史学家；C. workers工人；D. students学生。根据上文“Emerson passage”和“literary influence”可知，爱默生是美国作家，因此他询问的是美国“作家”的文学影响。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“那你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少？”我记得他有一次这样问道。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall回忆；D. catch抓住。根据上文“I ____ him asking at one point”可知，作者是在“回忆”当时的情景。故选C。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我本可以依赖我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。A. look into调查；B. rely on依赖，依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据上下文，作者本可以根据自己的刻板印象来“依赖”或“基于”对这位公路建设者的假设进行判断，但这位年轻人的学识阻止了他这样做。rely on意为“依赖，依靠”。故选B。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这个知识渊博、自学成才、令人敬佩的人阻止了我这样做。A. wellbehaved行为端正的；B. multiskilled多技能的；C. warmhearted热心的；D. selfeducated自学的。根据前文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”和“quote a translated Emerson passage”可知，这位年轻人是通过自学获得知识的，因此他是“自学的”。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的交流中，他向我展示了通过带着开放的心态旅行，以及愿意与各行各业的当地人互动，一个人可以获得多少东西。A. asked询问；B. warned警告；C. showed展示，表明；D. promised承诺。根据“me just how much one can gain”可知，这次经历“向”作者“展示”了收获。故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的交流中，他向我展示了通过带着开放的心态旅行，以及愿意与各行各业的当地人互动，一个人可以获得多少东西。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据文章开头作者在火车上旅行并与当地人交流可知，这里强调的是“旅行”带来的收获。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的交流中，他向我展示了通过带着开放的心态旅行，以及愿意与各行各业的当地人互动，一个人可以获得多少东西。A. cooperate合作；B. side支持；C. negotiate谈判；D. engage参与，互动。根据“with locals from all walks of life”可知，此处指“与当地人互动”。engage with意为“与……建立联系，与……互动”。故选D。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题07 完形填空说明文
【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解
【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式
【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分
命题·趋势·定位
1. 选材特点： 说明文完形填空通常介绍科学发现、社会现象、文化习俗、技术创新或事物原理。选材多源自权威杂志、研究报告或科普文章，内容客观、严谨，具有时代性和知识性。
2. 语篇结构： 结构清晰，常遵循“引出话题 → 介绍背景/定义概念 → 阐述细节/列举论据 → 总结意义/展望未来”的逻辑顺序。文章脉络清晰，逻辑性强，多包含定义、举例、对比、因果等关系。
3. 命题热点：
上下文逻辑推理：根据转折、因果、并列、递进等逻辑关系推断答案。
专业术语与语境理解：在科普或专业语境中，理解并选择符合语境的名词、动词。
固定搭配与句式结构：考查常见动词短语、介词短语及特定句型结构。
作者观点与态度：通过文中关键词句推断作者对所述事物的态度（支持、反对、客观等）。
4. 常见的设问形式：
考查连接词（however, therefore, moreover）以体现逻辑关系。
考查实词（动词、名词、形容词）在专业语境下的准确运用。
考查对长难句的理解及句内成分的搭配。
热点·角度·拆解
2023-2025高考考点细目（完形填空说明文）
卷别 词数 主题 话题 命题形式
2025·上海卷 约420 人与社会 科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用 逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语
2023·上海卷 约430 人与社会 医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡 逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配
2024·浙江1月卷 约390 人与自然 动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考 语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度
2024·北京卷 约350 人与自我 尝试新事物带来的成长与自信 词义辨析、情感变化、语境逻辑
2023·全国乙卷 约380 人与社会 美国体操运动员的奋斗与成功 动词短语、名词辨析、人物经历
2025·上海卷 约420 人与社会 科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用 逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语
2023·上海卷 约430 人与社会 医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡 逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配
2024·浙江1月卷 约390 人与自然 动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考 语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度
热点角度01 上下文逻辑与专业语境
析典例·建模型
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they've long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. [1]______, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors' apparent [2]______ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are [3]______ black or white.
1. A. On one hand B. Afterwards C. As a result D. Above all
2. A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
3. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. mainly
【解题建模】
第一步，通读全文，把握主旨。 文章探讨医生在医疗实践中面对不确定性时，其沟通方式应如何调整。
第二步，逐空分析，运用逻辑与语境。
第1空：前句说医生被教导要传达自信和确定性，后句说患者期望明确的诊断，前后为因果关系。“As a result”（因此）符合逻辑。选C。
第2空：前文多次提到“confidence and certainty”，此处指医生表现出的明显“确定性”（certainty）。选D。
第3空：前句“information overload”说明信息复杂，答案很少（rarely）是黑白分明的。选C。
第三步，验证答案，确保连贯。 代入答案后，逻辑链条清晰：医生传达确定性 → 患者因此期望明确答案 → 但信息爆炸使答案不再明确。
研考点·通技法
逻辑关系词 说明文逻辑严密，要特别关注因果（as a result, therefore）、转折（however, but）、并列（and, moreover） 等连接词，它们能揭示句子间的内在联系。
专业语境词义 在科普或专业类文章中，要结合语境理解词汇的特定含义。如“certainty”在医学语境中代表“诊断的确定性”。
破类题·提能力
（2025·上海卷·高考真题）
In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen 1 ; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 2 of its parts.
I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their 3 mission Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States.
It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these 4 groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 5 ; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should 6 solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might 7 remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 8 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 9 .
One key moment came when the team faced the 10 of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have 11 the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to 12 unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former 13 , enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance.
This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 14 and historical significance. The result is an approach that 15 environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks.
Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation.
1．A．in time B．under discussion C．for good D．in isolation
2．A．difference B．change C．sum D．management
3．A．respective B．deserted C．transitional D．shared
4．A．diverse B．educational C．foreign D．regional
5．A．slowly B．alongside C．overnight D．properly
6．A．unlock B．skip C．interpret D．classify
7．A．similarly B．otherwise C．altogether D．eventually
8．A．consequently B．regretfully C．fortunately D．initially
9．A．unrealistic B．invaluable C．misleading D．conventional
10．A．establishment B．decoration C．removal D．coverage
11．A．sustained B．replaced C．reformed D．ruined
12．A．cause B．mask C．prevent D．suffer
13．A．presence B．expression C．pollution D．strategy
14．A．supervision B．integrity C．guidance D．occupation
15．A．accesses B．balances C．evaluates D．traces
热点角度02 固定搭配与句式结构
析典例·建模型
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be [1]______ working in a field in which they're constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to [2]______ their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution.
1. A. compared with B. accounted for C. accustomed to D. annoyed at
2. A. cover B. train C. clarify D. broaden
【解题建模】
第一步，定位考点。 本题组主要考查动词短语和动词与宾语的搭配。
第二步，分析搭配与语境。
第1空：be accustomed to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于……”，医生需要习惯于在充满变数的领域工作。选C。
第2空：根据后文“come up with a list of possibilities”可知，是拓宽（broaden）询问的范围。选D。
第三步，代入验证。 “be accustomed to”准确描述了医生的职业状态，“broaden their inquiry”与后文的“a list”形成完美呼应。
研考点·通技法
固定搭配 熟练掌握常见动词短语（如be accustomed to, come up with）、介词短语（如in isolation, as a result）和句型结构（如it’s...to...）。
动宾搭配 注意动词与宾语的逻辑搭配。例如，我们可以“broaden inquiry”（拓宽调查），但不能“train inquiry”。
破类题·提能力
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent 2 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are 2 black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t 3 , either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 4 uncertainty, not about creating certainty.”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be 5 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to 6 their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 7 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technology has helped 8 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 9 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an 10 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an 11 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”
On the other hand, computers can’t 12 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 13 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, 14 , is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
1．A．On one hand B．Afterwards C．As a result D．Above all
2．A．victim B．instance C．transparency D．certainty
3．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．mainly
4．A．adored B．transformed C．faded D．adjusted
5．A．limiting B．hitting C．threatening D．assembling
6．A．compared with B．accounted for C．accustomed to D．annoyed at
7．A．cover B．train C．clarify D．broaden
8．A．identify B．cure C．defend D．cause
9．A．enlighten B．redefine C．commit D．guarantee
10．A．accurate B．plain C．serious D．remedial
11．A．challenge B．encounter C．conversation D．dispute
12．A．dangerous B．maximal C．unfavorable D．contrasting
13．A．stuff B．hint C．communicate D．indicate
14．A．conclude B．understand C．assume D．calculate
15．A．however B．therefore C．moreover D．hence
（建议用时：45分钟）
刷模拟
A
（2026·湖北武汉·模拟）
In recent years, the concept of “digital minimalism” has gained significant traction. It’s a philosophy that encourages individuals to be more [1]______ about their use of technology, focusing only on the tools that [2]______ value to their lives. The idea isn’t to [3]______ technology altogether, but to use it with intention.
Cal Newport, a computer science professor, [4]______ the term in his 2019 book. He argues that the constant [5]______ of notifications and the pressure to be always online are [6]______ our ability to focus deeply. This constant distraction, he says, leads to higher levels of [7]______ and a lower sense of wellbeing.
The practice of digital minimalism involves a threestep process. First, you take a 30day break from any technology you [8]______ optional. This “digital declutter” allows you to [9]______ what these tools actually add to your life. Second, during this break, you [10]______ activities that you find meaningful, like reading, exercising, or spending time in nature. Finally, after the break, you [11]______ back a select few technologies that truly serve your [12]______ , but on your own terms.
While the idea may seem [13]______ in our hyperconnected world, many who have adopted the practice report feeling more focused, less anxious, and more [14]______ with their offline lives. It serves as a powerful [15]______ that we, not our devices, should be in control.
1. A. curious B. anxious C. intentional D. enthusiastic
2. A. add B. compare C. lose D. reduce
3. A. adopt B. reject C. master D. study
4. A. avoided B. popularized C. invented D. ignored
5. A. flood B. lack C. silence D. analysis
6. A. enhancing B. damaging C. measuring D. testing
7. A. creativity B. productivity C. stress D. happiness
8. A. consider B. prove C. pretend D. make
9. A. forget B. hide C. assess D. ignore
10. A. cut back on B. look forward to C. run out of D. take part in
11. A. hold B. call C. bring D. pay
12. A. goals B. doubts C. mistakes D. troubles
13. A. practical B. necessary C. extreme D. simple
14. A. bored B. connected C. busy D. familiar
15. A. warning B. promise C. reminder D. example
B
（2026·江苏南京·模拟）The secret to a longer, healthier life might be simpler than we think. A growing body of research suggests that having a strong sense of [1]______ is a key factor. This isn’t about avoiding illness, but about having a reason to get up in the morning.
Studies have shown that people with a strong “why” tend to have lower rates of heart disease, better cognitive function, and even [2]______ longer lives. One landmark study followed thousands of older adults for years and found that those who reported a high sense of purpose were significantly less likely to [3]______ from a stroke or heart attack.
So, how does purpose [4]______ its protective effects Scientists believe it’s a combination of factors. People with purpose are more likely to [5]______ in healthy behaviors, like regular exercise and a balanced diet. They also tend to have lower levels of stress hormones, as a sense of direction helps them [6]______ life’s inevitable challenges. Furthermore, purpose often [7]______ social connections, which are themselves a powerful predictor of health.
The good news is that purpose isn’t something you either have or you don’t. It can be [8]______ . It might be found in nurturing a family, [9]______ for a cause you believe in, mastering a skill, or simply taking care of a pet. The key is to identify what [10]______ to you and commit to it.
In a world that often [11]______ on productivity and achievement, it’s easy to overlook this fundamental human need. But investing in your sense of purpose may be one of the most [12]______ things you can do for your longterm health and happiness. It’s a [13]______ that the best things in life aren’t things at all, but the [14]______ that gives our lives meaning. As one researcher put it, “Having a reason to live is a [15]______ reason to live longer.”
1. A. humor B. purpose C. justice D. balance
2. A. live B. enjoy C. survive D. endure
3. A. recover B. suffer C. die D. learn
4. A. weaken B. lose C. exert D. avoid
5. A. engage B. believe C. result D. specialize
6. A. create B. ignore C. navigate D. worsen
7. A. breaks B. weakens C. severs D. fosters
8. A. inherited B. measured C. cultivated D. ignored
9. A. waiting B. volunteering C. preparing D. longing
10. A. refers B. contributes C. turns D. matters
11. A. focuses B. depends C. insists D. passes
12. A. stressful B. harmful C. powerful D. challenging
13. A. reminder B. promise C. burden D. choice
14. A. money B. success C. health D. meaning
15. A. strange B. powerful C. simple D. common
C
（2026·广东深圳·模拟）Have you ever wondered why some people seem to bounce back from every setback while others fall apart The answer often lies in a quality psychologists call “resilience.” Resilience is not a [1]______ trait that you’re either born with or without. Rather, it’s a set of skills that can be [2]______ and strengthened over time.
At its core, resilience is the ability to [3]______ adversity and adapt well in the face of trauma, tragedy, or significant stress. It’s about [4]______, not avoiding, difficulties. The American Psychological Association outlines several factors that [5]______ to resilience. These include the capacity to make realistic plans and take steps to carry them out, a positive view of yourself and confidence in your strengths, and skills in communication and problemsolving.
One of the most important factors, however, is the presence of supportive relationships. Having at least one trusted person you can [6]______ on for encouragement and support acts as a [7]______ against life’s hardships. These relationships provide role models and offer the reassurance that you are not alone in your [8]______.
Resilience doesn’t mean you won’t experience difficulty or distress. Emotional pain and sadness are common in people who have [9]______ major adversity. The path to resilience is likely to involve considerable emotional [10]______. The key is that resilient individuals are able to [11]______ this pain, learn from the experience, and eventually move forward.
Fortunately, resilience can be cultivated. Practices like maintaining a hopeful outlook, [12]______ change as a part of life, and taking decisive [13]______ can all help build your resilience “muscle.” By actively working on these skills, you can learn to [14]______ life’s challenges more effectively, not just surviving them, but using them as a [15]______ for growth.
1. A. common B. rare C. fixed D. simple
2. A. learned B. ignored C. inherited D. hidden
3. A. cause B. avoid C. welcome D. handle
4. A. fearing B. facing C. escaping D. creating
5. A. contribute B. lead C. compare D. limit
6. A. depend B. pass C. turn D. insist
7. A. cure B. shield C. tool D. rule
8. A. success B. struggles C. victories D. joys
9. A. sought B. created C. suffered D. avoided
10. A. stability B. calmness C. distress D. intelligence
11. A. ignore B. process C. forget D. cause
12. A. viewing B. preventing C. resisting D. controlling
13. A. notes B. actions C. photos D. jokes
14. A. create B. avoid C. worsen D. navigate
15. A. barrier B. threat C. cause D. catalyst
刷真题
A
（2023·上海·真题）Doctors are scientists whooperate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors' apparent 2 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are 3 black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients'expectations haven't 4 , either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 5 uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
Doctors in training,like gamblers, need to be 6 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to 7 their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 8 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technologyhas helped 9 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 10 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an 11 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an 12 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
On the other hand, computers can’t 13 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 14 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, 15 , is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
1．A．On the hand B．Afterwards C．As a result D．Above all
2．A．victim B．instance C．transparency D．certainty
3．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．mainly
4．A．adored B．transformed C．faded D．adjusted
5．A．limiting B．hitting C．threatening D．assembling
6．A．compared with B．accounted for C．accustomed to D．annoyed at
7．A．cover B．train C．clarify D．broaden
8．A．identify B．cure C．defend D．cause
9．A．enlighten B．redefine C．commit D．guarantee
10．A．accurate B．plain C．serious D．remedial
11．A．challenge B．encounter C．conversation D．dispute
12．A．dangerous B．maximal C．unfavorable D．contrasting
13．A．stuff B．hint C．communicate D．indicate
14．A．conclude B．understand C．assume D．calculate
15．A．however B．therefore C．moreover D．hence
B
（2024·浙江1月卷·高考真题）While taking a 20hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful [1]______ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man [2]______ me on the train. My [3]______ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the [4]______ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had [5]______ a twoyear professional school to quickly find a job [6]______ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most [7]______, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would [8]______ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American [9]______ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I [10]______ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to [11]______ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, [12]______, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he [13]______ me just how much one can gain from [14]______ with an open mind, and a willingness to [15]______ with locals from all walks of life.
1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment
2. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
3. A. true B. socalled C. new D. longlost
4. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right
5. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded
6. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding
7. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable
8. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download
9. A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students
10. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch
11. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with
12. A. wellbehaved B. multiskilled C. warmhearted D. selfeducated
13. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised
14. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching
15. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage
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