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UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
(单元主题语境：人与自我——道德与美德)
Section Ⅴ　Writing
1．写作词语再现
①virtue高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
②dignity尊严；尊贵；高尚
③mean小气的
④generous慷慨的；大方的
⑤reliable可信赖的
⑥determined意志坚定的；有决心的
⑦shallow肤浅的；浅的
⑧considerate考虑周到的
⑨confident自信的
⑩diligent勤奋的
strong-willed意志坚强的
merciful仁慈的
intelligent聪明的；有才智的
talented有才能的
outstanding杰出的
creative有创造力的
honest诚实的
an old fable about一则关于……的古老寓言
in the middle of在……的中间
move ...out of ...把……从……中移开
impress sb.with ... ……使某人印象深刻
take personal responsibility承担个人责任
have a clear moral有一个明确的寓意
be honoured as被誉为……
be gifted at对……有天赋
be interested in对……感兴趣
be satisfied/content with对……满意
be active in积极参与
be absorbed in全神贯注于
be enthusiastic about对……热心
be skilled in sth.在……方面熟练
do well in在……方面做得好
2．精彩句式再练
单句填空/完成句子
①I agree with you ___ this point but I can't agree with you ___the whole thing.
②I have learned that Mr.Brown disagreed with you.Your suggestion will not be accepted _______ the present conditions.
③《挡道的石头》是一则关于一个国王的古老寓言。
The Stone in the Road is ______________________．
④他认为他的人民很懒惰。
He _______________________________．
on
on
under
an old fable about a king
thought that his people were lazy
⑤他在路中间放了一块大石头，在石头下面藏了金币。
He __________________in the middle of the road and _____________under the stone.
⑥他等着看是否有人会试图把它移出道路。
He waited to see ____________________________out of the road.
placed a large stone
hid gold coins
if anyone would try to move it
⑦作者利用这个故事给读者留下深刻印象，鼓励他们对团体中的问题承担个人应负的责任。
The author __________________________________________________
_________________________________in the community.
⑧我喜欢它，因为它有一个明确的寓意：承担个人责任。
I like it because __________________：take personal responsibility.
impresses readers with this story，encouraging them to take
personal responsibility for problems
it has a clear moral
一、　文学评论写作
写一篇寓言故事评论
写作指导
本单元的写作任务是写一篇寓言故事评论。此类作文以评论为主，主要通过对故事内容折射出的寓意加以点评，使读者领悟其中的内涵以达到教育的目的。写作时力求语言简练、内容概括全面、寓意表达清晰。
对寓言故事的评论一般包括以下三点：
1．寓言故事的基本信息，如题目、故事梗概等。
2．对寓言故事的分析，如作者的写作目的等。
3．自己对于寓言故事的观点或想法。例如，你很欣赏或不赞成故事中的哪一点，你是否会把这则寓言故事推荐给你的朋友等。
典例展示
假定你是李华，你校校报开设了“用英语讲好中国故事”的专栏，现面向全校学生征稿。请你以寓言故事“揠苗助长”为题，写一篇文章投稿。内容包括：
1．揠苗助长的故事内容；
2．该寓言故事给你的启示。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．题目已给出，不计入总词数。
Pulling Up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow
[审题谋篇]
确定体裁、
话题 体裁：故事评论
话题：寓言故事“揠苗助长”
确定时态、
人称 时态：一般现在时和一般过去时为主
人称：第一、第三人称
布局文章
架构 首段：介绍故事的主要内容
中段：分析故事，点明故事的寓意
尾段：表达自己对故事的看法
列出核心
要点 叙述“揠苗助长”整个故事的经过
2.评论此寓言故事：做事情要遵循事物的发展规律
3.自己在学习和成长的过程中也要有耐心
[实践应用]
1．完成句子
①一个农民对幼苗生长缓慢感到不满。(feel)
A farmer _________________ the slow growth of the seedlings.
②他走到田里，把它们一棵接一棵地拔了起来。(pull)
He went to the field and ____________ a bit one by one.
③他的儿子一听到这个消息，就急忙赶到田里，却发现幼苗已经枯死了。(hear；hurry；find；时间状语从句；不定式作结果状语)
_________________________，he _________the field，________________
__________________．
felt unhappy with
pulled them up
As soon as his son heard that
hurried to
only to find that the
seedlings had died
④这则寓言告诉我们，速度快并不总是好的。(宾语从句；动名词作主语)
The fable tells us ______________________________．
⑤无论我们做什么，我们都必须遵循事物发展的规律。(follow；状语从句)
_____________，we must ______________of the development of things.
⑥这是成功的关键。(key)
It is ________________．
that being fast is not always good
Whatever we do
follow the law
the key to success
2．句式升级
⑦用非限制性定语从句把句①和句②合并为主从复合句
⑧用“介词＋动词-ing形式”改写句③
A farmer，who felt unhappy with the slow growth of the seedlings，went to the field and pulled them up a bit one by one.
Upon hearing that，his son hurried to the field, only to find that the seedlings had died.
⑨用what引导主语从句升级句④
⑩用非限制性定语从句把句⑤和句⑥合并为一个主从复合句
What the fable tells us is that being fast is not always good.
Whatever we do，we must follow the law of the development of things，which is the key to success.
3．精修成篇
结合以上句子写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
[参考范文]
Pulling up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow
Once upon a time，a farmer，who felt unhappy with the slow growth of the seedlings，went to the field and pulled them up a bit one by one.Returning home，he told what he had done to his family. Upon hearing that，his son hurried to the field, only to find that the seedlings had died.
What the fable tells us is that being fast is not always good.Whatever we do，we must follow the law of the development of things，which is the key to success.
This fable reminds me not to be as impulsive as the farmer.When facing difficulties or wanting to make progress，I should be patient and persistent，believing that steady efforts will bring real progress.
实战演练
同学们都读过《伊索寓言》中“狐狸与葡萄”的故事。故事中狐狸因为摘不到葡萄而故意说葡萄是酸的。这个故事告诉我们：在现实生活中，我们有时也会和狐狸一样，在面对错误或问题时，不是勇敢地去解决，而是不断为自己找借口。现在请你根据故事内容，结合自己的情况或某些社会现象写一篇评论。
注意：词数80左右。
参考词语：《伊索寓言》 Aesop's Fables；“狐狸与葡萄” The Fox and the Grapes
[参考范文]
Recently I read a small story from Aesop's Fables，whose name is “The Fox and the Grapes”．
It is very clear that the fox was looking for an excuse for his not being able to pick the grapes.
After reading the fable，I realize that when we are wrong we should not find any excuse to cover up our own problems；instead，we should bravely admit the mistakes and try to correct them.Only in this way might we succeed some day.Otherwise，we may also become the fox in the fable.
二、　读后续写
读文章，根据提示补全后面的语段，并完成随后的提能训练。
Mia and Max，who were raised alone by their mother Jennifer，were angels，or so their neighbours called them.
Since Jennifer couldn't afford a nanny(保姆)，her neighbours always gladly stepped in to care for the brother and sister in her absence.
Mia and Max were absolute sweethearts.They would help the neighbours in the garden，walk their dogs，and carry groceries from their cars to their homes.
“Mum says we should always help others in need！” Mia would say，and Max would agree with her with a broad smile.“Because a little help goes a long way！” he would add.
The two lovely children warmed the entire neighbourhood with their sweet smiles and kind hearts.Everything was all right until one day Max fell down on the playground and was rushed to hospital.Sadly，it turned out he was very sick and needed some specific medicine to keep him going.“That's going to cost a lot of money！” Jennifer sighed.But she didn't tell anyone that she was in trouble.
She began setting aside money each month for Max's treatment.Obviously，with her poor pay as a waitress in a bar，she couldn't save enough.She began cutting down on money for gas and even food.She would walk miles every day to and from work and go to the grocery stores as less often as possible.
One night，Jennifer came home and opened the fridge，only to find they had just one can of tomato soup left.“I'm a total failure as a mother，” she cried，blaming(责备) herself.“I can't even feed my children！”
Finally，Jennifer added extra water to the soup and served it to her children，who enjoyed their dinner as happily as usual.As soon as her children left the table，Jennifer burst into tears again，little knowing a pleasant surprise was waving at her and her kids.
[精阅读·理文脉]
Mia和Max由他们的母亲Jennifer独自抚养长大，两个孩子都非常善良，乐意帮助邻居，而邻居也对他们照顾有加。有一天，Max在操场上摔倒了，被紧急送往医院。不幸的是，原来他病得很重，需要一些特殊药物来维持他的生命，连维持生活都困难的妈妈无助地哭了起来。
[根据中文提示补全短文]
When Jennifer checked her mailbox the next day，she found an envelope.She 1.____________________________________________ (撕开它，感觉到滚烫的泪水顺着脸颊滚落)．Inside the envelope was $2，000 and a note from her neighbours.The note said，“Sorry to learn about Max's illness.Your children have been a precious gift to us.They have helped every one of us，so we ought to do something in return.Please keep this money and
tore it open and felt hot tears rolling down her cheeks
get the medicine Max requires.”Jennifer 2.________________________
_________________________(哭着冲进房子并抱住了孩子)．“Kids，thank you for being such nice children，” 3._______________________
_________________________(她抽泣着，为自己亲爱的孩子们感到骄傲) and deeply grateful to her caring neighbours.
cried as she rushed into the
house and hugged her children
she sobbed，feeling really
proud of her darling children
[微技能·大妙用]
动作描写，烘托情感场景
续写中我们可以通过惟妙惟肖的人物动作描写，营造情感场景，使人物的性格特点跃然纸上，使续写情节跌宕起伏，增加文章的感染力。
1．表达哭的动作
①Tears rolled down her cheeks.
泪水从她的脸颊滑落。
②His lips started to tremble and then he started to cry.
他的嘴唇开始颤抖，然后哭了起来。
③Most of us were in tears by the time he'd finished his story.
他讲完故事时，我们大多数人都已经泪流满面。
2．寻求安慰的动作
She hugged her children as she rushed into the house.
她冲进屋子抱住孩子们。
[完成句子]
1．泪水如夏雨般落下，又快又急。
________________________ ,quick and heavy.
2．当她拿到录取通知书时，幸福的泪水夺眶而出。
_________________ spilled over as she held the acceptance letter.
3．他的话深深触动了她，令她感动落泪。
His words touched her so deeply that she__________________.
Tears fell like summer rain
Tears of happiness
was moved to tears
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1．What is the woman
A．An earthquake expert.　 B．A soldier.
C．A volunteer.
2．Who saved the child
A．The boy.
B．The firefighters.
C．The boy's uncle.
3．What does the woman suggest doing
A．Selling cakes to raise money.
B．Volunteering at a hospital.
C．Helping repair a building.
4．Why does the girl want the man to sign the form
A．To join a club.
B．To organize a charity event.
C．To go on a trip to the theatre.
5．Where will the speakers take these books
A．To a library.　　　　 B．To their house.
C．To a public college.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the main topic of the conversation
A．A charity event. B．Traffic problems.
C．Their favourite football teams.
7．How will the boy get to the park
A．By car. \
B．By subway.
C．By bus.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Why does the woman call Mrs.Smithson
A．To invite her to attend a talk.
B．To ask some information about sponsors.
C．To ask the bank to give support to a walk.
9．What is the activity held for
A．A medical research. B．A magazine.
C．A school.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What does the woman do in her spare time
A．Work as a volunteer.
B．Make children's clothes.
C．Sell school supplies.
11．What's the coming special event about
A．A poster competition.
B．A money-raising activity.
C．A birthday party.
12．How will the man help the woman first
A．By giving her some advice.
B．By making a donation.
C．By helping prepare the poster.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Brother and sister.
C．Schoolmates.
14．What does the woman suggest doing
A．Cleaning people's houses.
B．Working at the car wash.
C．Washing people's cars.
15．How does the woman feel about hosting a concert at first
A．Interested. B．Surprised.
C．Impatient.
16．What will the speakers do next
A．Ask for permission.
B．Sell tickets.
C．Find the audience.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is Hands in Hope
A．A farm. B．An organization.
C．A community.
18．Why did the Smiths found Hands in Hope
A．To make profits.
B．To live a simple life.
C．To provide shelter for the poor.
19．Who must take part in building Hands in Hope houses
A．House owners.
B．Local authorities.
C．Building companies.
20．What do we know about Hands in Hope houses
A．They are free. B．They are expensive.
C．They are cheap.
第一节
1．M：Hi，Jane.You've just been to the earthquake area，haven't you
W：Yes.①As a volunteer of the Red Cross，I went there with a medical team.
2．M：②My uncle showed great courage by running into the burning building to save the child.
W：I know.The firefighters are going to give him a medal.
3．M：The children's hospital is hoping to raise money for a new building.I think we should do something to help with it.
W：I agree.③Why don't we make cakes and sell them in the town centre this weekend
4．W：Dad，could you sign this form for school，please
M：Let's see it.④Oh，you're going on a theatre trip
W：④Yes，everybody from Shakespeare Club is going.We raised the money for it by doing a charity bike ride.
5．W：I don't know what I'm going to do with these books.
M：⑤We can give them to a public library.
W：⑤Good idea! There's one，two blocks from our house.Shall we go there right now
(1.C　2.C　3.A　4.C　5.A)
第二节
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
M：Are you looking forward to the football match on Saturday
W：Yes，it should be fun.
M：I think our school put together a good team.They have a good chance of winning.
W：I hope so，but I suppose it doesn't matter who wins.
M：No.⑥The main thing is to raise money for the charity.
W：Will your dad drive you there
M：No.There will be too much traffic around the park.
W：So，⑦do you want to take the bus with me
M：⑦I'll just take the subway. There is a station near my home.
(6.A　7.B)
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
M：Allens Bank.Good morning.Can I help you
W：Hmm，yes.Could I speak to Mrs.Smithson，please
M：I'm afraid she's out at the moment.Can I take a message
W：Yes，please.My name is Sally Thornton.⑨I'm at Lawnside High School. We're organizing a walk next month for the cancer research.⑧And we are looking for sponsors who can pay for the event.The bank was very generous last year.You sponsored our magazine.
M：So，it's Lawnside High School and a sponsored talk ...
W：No，it's a walk.We're going to walk 50 miles.
M：Oh，right.I'll pass on the message to Mrs.Smithson.
W：Thank you.
(8.C　9.A)
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
M：What are you working on，Jessica
W：⑩You know，I do some volunteering in my free time.
M：Really，what do you usually do
W：I do a lot of work for children.There are lots of kids who don't have enough money to buy clothes and school supplies.And I'm making a poster right now for a special event next week.
M：What's this special event about
W： We're going to hold an activity to raise some money for the children.
M：That's a good idea.It's kind of you to help other people.Is there anything that I can do
W：Of course，you can make a donation. But now how about helping me with this poster
M： Yeah，I can do that! And I can also help you organize the money-raising activity.
W：I'm so happy to hear that.Thank you so much!
(10.A　11.B　12.C)
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
W：Do you hear about that earthquake
M：Yes，it's terrible.Hundreds of people were dead and thousands homeless.
W：We should do something.How about raising some money
M：OK.But how
W： How about going around to people's houses and washing their cars for them
M：I don't think that's a good idea.
W：Why not
M：Most people wash their cars at the car wash.I don't think they'd want to pay us.
W：So，what can we do
M：I know! We could host a charity rock concert at the school.
W: What! Are you crazy
M：No，I'm not. There are at least three bands at our school.We just invite them to join us.They get the audience，and we get the money to help the people in the earthquake.
W：Where can we have the concert
M：On the school field. Let's ask our headmaster.
W： Let's do it.I'm sure he'll say yes. I think it's a great idea.
(13.C　14.C　15.B　16.A)
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
M：Several years ago，Mark and Lucy Smith decided to trade in their lives as millionaires for a simple life helping others.They made this decision after visiting a community-run farm，where everyone worked together and helped each other.The farm inspired the Smiths to help others.Later，they founded Hands in Hope，a non-governmental organization that aims to build houses for poor people around the world.Hands in Hope houses are built by volunteers，and the materials used to build the houses are donated. Because the Smiths believed that people should work to improve their own lives，
those who receive a house must also help build their homes.In keeping with their belief that people should help themselves，the Smiths wanted to ensure that houses were not simply handed to people in need. Hands in Hope houses are not free，but they are less expensive than other houses because the organization does not profit from them.Today there are volunteers all around the country.If you can join us，you will help Hands in Hope build hope around the country.
(17.B　18.C　19.A　20.C)
态度与评价题
1．态度与评价题通常要求判断说话者双方或一方对于谈及的事物所反映出来的态度及做出的评价，如赞赏、反对、关心、厌恶等。做题时应注意以下几点：
(1)根据选项确定听的重点，然后在所记录的内容的基础上做出必要的推理；
(2)注意包含反映人的态度的形容词，如 impatient, bored, satisfied, relaxed 等；
(3)特别注意句中的代词是it, he, she还是they, 把握考查的是男士、 女士，还是他们共同对某事的态度， 从而决定关注的重点。
2．常见的设问方式有“How does the man feel about ...？” “What does the man think of ...？”等。

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