资源简介

(共24张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
(单元主题语境：人与自然——太空探索)
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式（短语）作定语和状语
一、动词不定式的形式
形式 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing —
现在完成式 to have done to have been done
现在完成
进行式 to have been doing —
二、动词不定式(短语)作定语
[感知]
[组1]
1．I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.
我明天有一个会议要参加。
2．The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.
明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区旅游业的发展。
[组2]
1．The future to greet us will be very bright.
迎接我们的未来将会十分光明。
2．He's always the first person in the team to come up with the solution to the problem.
他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。
[组3]
1．The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.
老师留给我们许多问题去解答。
2．Jessie got a new toy to play with.
杰西有了一个可以玩的新玩具。
3．Mr.Brown has something important to deal with at present.
目前布朗先生有重要的事情要处理。
当动词不定式与所修饰词之间是动宾关系时，若句中有逻辑主语或说话人执行该动作，则通常用主动形式表示被动意义；若没有逻辑主语或说话人执行该动作，则常用被动形式。
I have a letter to write.
我有一封信要写。(“我”写)
The old lady has a letter to be written.
老妇人有一封信要写。(老妇人让别人帮忙写)
[组4]
1．Now it is time to begin our class.
现在是开始上课的时间了。
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone.
晚上散步是走出舒适区的好方法。
3．The voluntary service gives you a chance to change lives，including your own.
志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括(改变)你自己的生活。
4．The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.
保持冷静的能力是她的诸多优点之一。
[探究]
组 功能意义
1 动词不定式作后置_____，表示_____的动作
2 动词不定式与被修饰词之间有_____关系
3 动词不定式与被修饰词之间有_____关系
4 动词不定式与被修饰词之间有______关系
定语
将来
主谓
动宾
修饰
[归纳]
1．动词不定式(短语)作定语时，可以表示“将要完成”或“将要被完成”的含义。
2．一般情况下不定式(短语)会置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。
(1)被修饰词是动词不定式动作的发出者，动词不定式与被修饰词之间有主谓关系。此时被修饰词通常由only、very、next、last等或者形容词的最高级修饰。
(2)被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者，动词不定式与被修饰之间有动宾关系。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应接适当的介词。
(3)动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰的词一般为ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、time、decision、effort、failure、offer、promise、right、way、wish、reason等。
过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别：
形式 语态 表示意义
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
①The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
②The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
③The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
[即练]
单句填空
1．Much work still needs _________(do) to avoid the species dying out.
2．I think the best way ___________(improve) your English is to join an English club.
3．Carol was happy that she had the chance _____________(experience) the life in the city.
4．(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later, she was the first African American woman ___________(receive) a medical degree.
to be done
to improve
to experience
to receive
三、动词不定式(短语)作状语
动词不定式(短语)可以作状语，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
(一)表示目的
[感知]
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To do so, I divided the book into two parts.
为此，我把这本书分成了两个部分。
2．In order not to miss the train，he went early.
为了不错过那列火车他早早地就走了。
3．The teacher raised her voice so as to make herself heard.
老师提高了音量好让别人听见她的声音。
[探究]
句 功能意义
1 不定式作_____，置于句首表示强调
2、3 句2中含不定式的______形式；为加强语气，动词不定式常与in order或so as 组成短语，so as to do不可置于句首
状语
否定
[归纳]
1．表示目的的动词不定式(短语)常置于句首。
2．为了强调表示目的的动词不定式(短语)，特别是其前有否定词not时，通常可以在动词不定式符号to之前加上in order或so as，但是so as to do不能放在句首。
(二)表示原因
[感知]
I am very sorry to hear that.
听到这个消息我很难过。
[归纳]
动词不定式作原因状语，多见于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”结构中，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
(三)表示结果
[感知]
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message：“Out of order. Sorry.”
我跳下车，疯狂地跑向那台取款机，把银行卡插进去，却看到屏幕上显示：“机器故障，敬请谅解。”
2．I'm too tired to stay up longer.
我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
[归纳]
动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too ...to ...”“enough to ...”“only to do(表示意料之外的结果)”“so/such ...as to ...(如此……以至于……)”结构中。
[即练]
单句填空
1．________ (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
2．We travel on Day 2 to northern France _______(visit) the tourist attractions.
3．I was surprised _______(find) that he knew nothing about the subject.
4．Would you be so kind as _______ (spare) some time to come and join us
To learn
to visit
to find
to spare
请根据语境和提示补全对话
A：I 1.____________________________ (很高兴得知) you are interested in space exploration.
B：Indeed，I'd like to be an astronaut in the future.
A：Sounds good.2._______________________________ (要想成为一名宇航员)，you need to meet many requirements.
B：Yes.First of all，I should study hard 3.________________________ (为了得到一个相关的大学学位).Besides，I must take exercise every day
am delighted/happy/glad to know
To/In order to become an astronaut
to get a related college degree
4.______________ (为了保持健康)．
A：Exactly.Have you heard about Yang Liwei，who is the first man in China 5._____________ (进入太空) and went through lots of mental and physical training
B：Of course.He is really a hero.
to keep healthy
to enter space

展开更多......

收起↑