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(共61张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
(单元主题语境：人与自然——太空探索)
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．_________ n．宇航员；太空人
2．__________ n．程序；步骤；手续
3．___ abbr.(__________ or centimeter)厘米
4．_______ n．火箭；火箭弹
5．_______ n．重力；引力
6．_________ n．边境；国界；边远地区
7．________ n．交通工具；车辆
astronaut
procedure
cm
centimetre
rocket
gravity
frontier
vehicle
8．________ n．人造卫星；卫星
9．_______ vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
10．______ n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
11．________ n．人类
12．______ n．[pl.]资料；数据
13．_______ n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
satellite
launch
orbit
mankind
data
desire
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．______ adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上；思想上
2．__________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智力；智慧
3．_________ n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的
4．_________ vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
mental
intelligent
universe
determine
5．disappoint vt.使失望→___________ adj.失望的；沮丧的→____________ n．失望；沮丧
6．independent adj.独立的；自立的→______________ adv.独立地；自立地→____________ n．独立；自主
7．sign n．迹象；符号；手势；指示牌→______ vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
disappointed
disappointment
independently
independence
signal
以-ant和-ent结尾的形容词变名词时，将t改为ce。例如：
independent→independence　absent→absence
patient→patience　significant→significance
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．继续做，坚持干________
2．在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上_________
3．抱着……的希望______________________
4．为了；以便_________________
5. look forward to___________
6．be curious about____________
7．plenty of____________
8．know about ...__________________________
carry on
on board
in the hope of doing sth.
so as to (do sth.)
盼望；期待
对……好奇
大量；许多
了解……；知道……的情况
Ⅳ.重点句式
1．句型：动词不定式(短语)作后置定语
教材原句：Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
翻译：________________________________________________________
________________________________
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加
林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．句型：This is because ...这是因为……
教材原句：This is because people believe in the importance of carrying
on space exploration despite the huge risks.
翻译：________________________________________________________
___________
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索
的重要性。
熟读精思 研读文本精华
Ⅰ.文本理解
主旨大意
The text is mainly about ____________________________．
the space exploration of mankind
主旨匹配
(　　)Para.1　A．China has made great progress in space exploration.
(　　)Para.2 B．The space achievements made by the USSR and America.
(　　)Para.3 C．The future of space exploration remains bright.
(　　)Para.4 D．People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.
(　　)Para.5 E．People continue space exploration despite huge risks.
答案：Para.1D；Para.2B；Para.3E；Para.4A； Para.5C
细节探究
1．Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957？ (　　)
A.Shenzhou 5. B．Sputnik 1.
C.Voyager 1. D．The Soyuz 11.
2．What is the function of the International Space Station？ (　　)
A.Telling us the huge risks of space exploration.
B.Hosting astronauts from different countries and ensuring a continuous human presence in space.
C.Letting us believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.
D.Welcoming the brave people who pay a visit to it.
3．When did people make travelling into space possible？ (　　)
A.In the thirteenth century.
B.In the eighteenth century.
C.In the mid-20th century.
D.In the twenty-first century.
4．What was “one giant leap for mankind”？ (　　)
A.The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched and orbited around Earth.
B.Yuri Gagarin entered space on 12 April 1961.
C.America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977.
D.American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon on 20 July 1969.
5．Why didn't the desire to explore the universe die when people were faced with the disasters？ (　　)
A.Because the accidents were not serious.
B.Because there was no danger in these disasters.
C.Because exploring space is an international task.
D.Because carrying on space exploration is important.
答案：1.B　2.B　3.C　4.D　5.D
课文语法填空
People have always wanted to explore space in the hope 1.___ making important discoveries.In the mid-20th century，some scientists realised people's dream of travelling into space, with some brave people 2.______ (carry) by spacecraft to learn more about the universe.Exploring space is not only 3._________ (danger) but also challenging.Accidents can still happen though scientists try to make sure nothing 4._____ (go) wrong.But people's desire 5.__________ (explore) space never stopped 6.________ they believe in its importance despite those huge 7.______ (risk)．
of
carried
dangerous
goes
to explore
because
risks
China has made great progress in completing manned orbits and spacewalks，studying the moon's surface and 8.___________ (establish) its own space station.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope to make more 9._________ (value) discoveries 10.______ will enable human race to survive well into the future.
establishing
valuable
that
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义/一词多义
写出黑体词在语境中的含义
1．launch
①The enemy launched an attack at midnight._______
②The new model will be launched in July._______
③China will launch another satellite into space._______
④The official launch date for our new software is in May._______
发起
上市
发射
发行
2．orbit
①A new satellite has been put into orbit around Earth._____
②You should come within his orbit.__________
③Earth takes a year to orbit the Sun.____________
3．signal
①At an agreed signal they left the room. ______
②Don't fire until I signal._______
③The announcement signalled a clear change of policy._______
轨道
势力范围
围绕……运动
信号
发信号
标志着
Ⅲ.教材续写积累
1．时间线索——彰显逻辑
①Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
②Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That's one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind.”
[仿写]完成句子
①不久，我收到了他们送我的新年礼物。
_______________，I received a New Year present from them.
②这些年来，我爸爸培养了两个爱好：园艺和慢跑。
My father has developed two hobbies ___________：gardening and jogging.
Soon afterwards
over the years
2. 细节描写——进步与成就
①Following this，there were many more important space achievements.
②China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US，but it has made great progress in a short time.
[仿写]完成句子
①他全身心地投入工作，在事业上取得了巨大成就。
Devoted to his work，he has made ___________________in his career.
②在老师的支持和鼓励下，学生们取得了很大的进步。
With the support and encouragement of their teachers，students _______
_________________．
great achievements
have
made great progress
互动探究 精研核心知识
1 determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
However，scientists were determined to realise that dream.
然而，科学家们下定决心要实现那个梦想。
[要点突破]
①be determined (not) to do sth.下定决心(不)做某事
②determine vt.查明；确定；决定
determine to do sth.决定做某事
determine that ...决定……
③determination n．决心；决定
[写作佳句]
He is determined to get ahead of others in studies，so he works day and night.
他决心在学习上超越别人，所以他日夜努力。
be determined (not) to do sth.表示一种延续的状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
He has been determined to learn English well.So he reads English every morning with great determination.I'm sure he will succeed one day.
他已下定决心要学好英语。于是他下了很大的决心每天早晨读英语。我相信总有一天他会成功的。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①She gave me a ___________(determine) look—the kind that said she wouldn't change her mind.
②As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong ___________ (determine).
determined
determination
③Her sister was determined _________ (become) a doctor and her persistence paid off.
④决心努力学习的匡衡，在墙上凿了一个洞，从邻居家“偷”光，以便晚上读书。
________________________，Kuang Heng dug a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbour to read at night.
to become
Determined to study hard
2 disappointment n．失望；沮丧
However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了很多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望并未消失。
[要点突破]
①to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
②disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
be disappointed to do sth.因做某事感到失望
be disappointed at/with/about sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed in sb.对某人感到失望
③disappointing adj.令人失望的
[写作佳句]
He was disappointed to find that there was a sign on the outer door reading, “No Entry”．
他失望地发现外门上有一块牌子，上面写着“禁止进入”。
Much to his disappointment，he was refused by the company.I was also disappointed at the disappointing news.
令他非常失望的是，他被这家公司拒绝了。我也对这个令人失望的消息感到失望。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①To my _______________(disappoint), the computer I received wasn't the one I ordered.
②Jim told me that he was rather disappointed _____________the disappointing
result of the test.
disappointment
at/with/about
③The author feels ____________ (disappoint) about the solution to the problem.
④这部影片被认为是一部杰作，可是我觉得它很令人失望。
The film was rated as a masterpiece，but_________________________.
disappointed
I found it very disappointing
3 desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了很多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望并未消失。
[要点突破]
①have a desire for sth.渴望(得到)某物
②desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do sth.渴望……
③desirable adj.理想的；值得做的；值得拥有的
[写作佳句]
(2024·北京卷)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
那个梦提醒我，那些恐惧和欲望可以鼓励我去冒险，去尝试。
desire不用于进行时。当desire表示“想要，要求”时，其后宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
He has a strong desire to get his desirable things.He also desires that his son be admitted to a key university，so he desires his son to work hard at school.
他十分渴望得到他想要的东西。他也渴望他的儿子被一所重点大学录取，所以他希望他的儿子在学校努力学习。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①The girl is a hard-working person who has a strong desire ____ success.
②We desire that immediate help _______ (give) to the local people who are in trouble.
③I had a strong desire ________(help) and care for others.
for
be given
to help
④I desired ______ (go) home but I lacked the courage to go back alone.
⑤阅读是我生活中重要的一部分，它能满足我不断学习的愿望。
Reading is an important part of my life，which can _________________
___________．
to go
satisfy my desire to
keep learning
4 carry on继续做，坚持干
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。
[要点突破]
carry on (with) sth./doing sth.继续某事/做某事
carry out 执行，实施；进行
carry through使某人渡过难关；把……进行到底，完成
carry off 成功完成；赢得，获得(奖项)
[写作佳句]
We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
尽管条件极其困难，但我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①If you carry on ________(work) like that，you will break down sooner or later.
②Her bravery has given him the will to carry ___with his life and his work.
③It was his courage as well as determination that carried him _______．
working
on
through
④I was flattered to be offered the job but wasn't sure if I could carry it _____．
⑤尽管遭到强烈反对，他们仍继续了这个实验。
They __________________________ despite strong opposition.
off
carried on with the experiment
5 signal n．信号；标志vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号
In 2022，the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.
2022年，梦天实验舱的发射标志着“天宫”空间站的基本建成。
[要点突破]
①a danger/warning signal一个危险/警告信号
traffic signals交通信号
send out a signal发出信号
②signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事
signal that ...表示；表明……
[写作佳句]
The instructor signalled to us to carry on with our experiment.
指导老师示意我们继续做实验。
signal/symbol/sign/mark
词语 用法
signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号
symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物
sign 普通用词，指人们公认的事物的标志，也可指某种情况的征兆或迹象
mark 普通用词，含义广泛，既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征
[学以致用]
单句填空/一句多译
①The hunter looked back from time to time and Jack signalled ___ him to leave quickly.
②A man stood up and crossed his arms in front of his chest，_________ (signal) that he was strongly opposed.
③The policeman signalled the driver _______ (stop) his car by raising his hand.
to
signal(l)ing
to stop
④正月十五是元宵节，标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
→The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，_______________________________________________．
→The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，_____________________________________________．
which signals the end of the Spring Festival celebrations
signal(l)ing the end of the Spring Festival celebrations
This is because ...这是因为……
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。
[情境探究]
Plants are very important.This is because plants can make food from air，water and sunlight.
→Plants can make food from air，water and sunlight.That is why plants are very important.
→The reason why plants are very important is that plants can make food from air，water and sunlight.
植物非常重要。这是因为植物可以利用空气、水和阳光制造食物。
[要点突破]
This/That is because ...这/那是因为……
This/That is why ...这/那就是……的原因。
The reason why ...is that ... ……的原因是……
[学以致用]
单句填空/一句多译
①The reason ____ he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.
②我不能去那里，因为我正在准备即将到来的国庆节演出。
→I can't go there.____________ I am preparing performances for the coming National Day.
→I am preparing performances for the coming National Day._________ I can't go there.
→__________________________________ I am preparing performances for the coming National Day.
why
This is because
That is why
The reason why I can't go there is that
单句填空/完成句子
①(2024·浙江1月卷)But that leaves the solo(单独的) customers out of pocket and ____________ (disappoint)．
②(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)___________ (determine) to turn her life around，Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle，before discovering a passion for weightlifting.
disappointed
Determined
③通过学会在适当的时候请求帮助，我最终踏上了成为独立科学家的
征途。
(2024·北京卷)By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an ____________scientist.
④到了第四年，我对成功的渴望盖过了我对独立的渴望。
(2024·北京卷)By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my _____________________．
independent
desire for independence

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