资源简介

(共47张PPT)
UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY
(单元主题语境：人与社会——金钱的价值)
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
情态动词和过去将来时情态动词
一、情态动词的定义及特征
情态动词表示说话者对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词的基本
特征：
1．在形式上，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，只有could、would、had to、might等几个过去式，其他情态动词无时态和人称变化。
2．在意义上，情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、需要、允许、能力等。大多数情态动词有多个意义。
3．在用法上，情态动词后应接动词原形，构成谓语动词。
二、情态动词的用法
(一)can/could的用法
[感知]
1．Delia can speak four kinds of foreign languages.
迪莉娅会说四种外语。
2．Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime.
在人的一生中，谁都会犯错误。
3．—Could I ask for a day off next week
—Yes，you can./No，I'm afraid not.
——我下周能请一天假吗？
——是的，你可以。/不，恐怕不行。
4．He's just had his lunch.He can't be hungry.
他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。
[探究]
句 功能意义
1 can表示本身具有的______
2 can表示客观可能性
3 can/could表示_____
4 can表示______
能力
请求
推测
[归纳]
1．can表示能力，意为“能，会”，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
2．can表示客观可能性。
3．can表示请求。在这种语境下，使用could比用can语气更显委婉客气，could此时和can没有时态上的差别。could表示委婉请求时，回答要用语气确定的can。
4．can表示推测。can/could在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑，can't意为“不可能”。
(二)may/might的用法
[感知]
1．—Might/May I lend your book to others
—Yes，you may./No，you mustn't/can't.
——我可以把你的书借给别人吗？
——是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。
2．May you have a good time on your trip!
祝你旅途愉快！
3．Our parents may/might not agree with our plan.
父母可能不会同意我们的计划。
[归纳]
1．may表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，此时，might不是may的过去式。否定回答时，可以用can't或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。
2．may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
3．can表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。表示这一意义时，might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
用“May I ...？”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而“Can I ...？”在口语中更常见。
(三)must/have to的用法
[感知]
1．You must go to see the doctor regularly.
你必须定期看医生。
2．—Must we apologise to the waiter
—Yes，you must./No，you don't have to/you needn't.
——我们必须向那个服务员道歉吗？
——是的，必须道歉。/不，不必。
3．Your mother must be on duty now.
你妈妈现在一定在值班。
4．Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her.
她妈妈生病了，她必须在家照顾她。
[探究]
句 功能意义
1、2 must表示_____________，否定回答用 ___________或needn't
3 must表示推测和可能性，仅用于_______
4 have to 表示_____，强调________
必须、必要
don't have to
肯定句
必须
客观需要
[归纳]
1．must表示必须、必要。在回答must引出的一般疑问句时，如果答语是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准)，而应该用needn't(不必)或don't have to(不必)。
2．must表示推测和可能性时，只用于肯定的陈述句，意为“一定，必定”。
3．must和have to均可表示“必须”，但must强调说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must无时态变化，have to 有更多的时态形式。
(四)shall的用法
[感知]
1．What shall we do this evening
我们今晚可以做什么？
2．You shall fail if you ignore the details.
如果你忽视这些细节，你会失败的。
3．He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it.
如果他继续那样做，他会受到惩罚的。
[归纳]
1．shall用于第一人称，通常表示说话人征求对方的意见。
2．shall用于第二、第三人称，通常表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(五)will/would的用法
[感知]
1．Will/Would you pass me the ball，please
请把球递给我，好吗？
2．I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
3．They asked him if he would make a bet.
他们问他是否愿意打个赌。
4．You will regret if you lose this golden chance.
如果错过这次好机会，你注定会后悔的。
[归纳]
1．will/would表示请求、建议等，主要用于第二人称疑问句中，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉的语气。
2．will/would表示意志、愿望和决心(would表示过去的情况)。
3．will/would表示规律，意为“注定会”。
(六)should/ought to的用法
[感知]
1．I should help her because she is in trouble.
她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。
2．You ought to take care of the baby.
你应该照看这个婴儿。
3．You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.
你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。
4．He should/ought to be home by now.
现在他应该到家了。
[探究]
句 功能意义
1、2 should/ought to表示_____和____
3 should/ought to表示_____、建议
4 should/ought to表示_____
义务
责任
劝告
推测
[归纳]
1．表示义务或责任时，ought to比should语气重。
2．表示劝告、建议或命令时，should和ought to通常可以互换，但在疑问句中常用should。
3．表示推测时，ought to和should意为“应该”，通常可以互换。
(七)dare、need 和had better的用法
[感知]
1．How dare you treat him like that
你怎么敢那样对他？
2．He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，对吗？
3．You needn't come so early.
你不必来这么早。
4．—Need I finish the work today
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.
——我今天需要完成工作吗？
——是的，你必须完成。/不，你不需要。
5．Now you/he/we had better listen to the teacher.
你/他/我们现在最好听老师的话。
6．Tom，you had better(＝you'd better) go there today.
汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。
[探究]
句 功能意义
1、2 dare常用于______、_______
3、4 need常用于_______、_______
5、6 had better表示_____、劝告
疑问句
否定句
否定句
疑问句
建议
[归纳]
1．dare主要用来表示“敢于(做某事)”，作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，过去式为dared。
2．need 作情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否定句中。在肯定句中一般用must、have to、ought to、should等代替。
3．had better(常缩写为“'d better”)是固定词组，意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后跟动词原形，构成had better do sth.结构。不论主语是第几人称，不论句子是什么时态，都要用had better的形式。其否定形式为had better not do sth.。
dare和 need用作实义动词时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或省略to的不定式(其中省略to的不定式常用于口语中)。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
He dares to swim across this river.
他敢游过这条河。
He doesn't dare (to) walk alone in the darkness.
他不敢在黑暗中独自行走。
He needs to finish his homework today.
他今天需要完成家庭作业。
(八)“情态动词＋have done”的用法
[感知]
1．She can't have been to your house; she doesn't know your address.
她不可能去过你家；她不知道你的地址。
2．He couldn't have known the decision, because no one told him.
他不可能知道这个决定，因为没人告诉他。
3．You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study.
要是你真的认真对待学习的话，你本应该来上学的。
4．She is late.She may have missed the bus.
她迟到了。她可能没赶上公交车。
5．It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
6．You needn't have telephoned him, for he had known the result.
你本不必打电话给他，因为他已经知道结果了。
[归纳]
情态动词＋have done 功能意义
can/could have done ①去可能做了(表示推测)
②本可以做而未做(表示虚拟，用could)
should/ought to have done 本该做而未做(表示后悔、遗憾或责备)
may/might have done ①去也许做了(表示推测)
②本可能做而未做(表示虚拟，用might)
must have done 一定已经做了
needn't have done 本不必做而做了
[即练]
用适当的情态动词填空
1．A computer ______think for itself；it _______be told what to do.
2．Peter _____come with us tonight，but he isn't very sure yet.
3．She sounded so angry last time.I _________ring her again.
4．You ______fail the final exam if you don't prepare well.
5．I _______help my friends who are in trouble.
can't
must
may
daren't
shall
should
6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He decided to build what he _______later call an eco-machine.
7．You ______have completed the task better，but you didn't try your best.
8．I didn't ______to clean the room，for my mum had already finished it.
9．These English poems are very short, so we ____easily remember them.
10．My car won't start.________ you give me a hand
would
could
need
can
Could
选用括号内合适的情态动词补全下面对话
A：Hey，Bob.1.____ (Can/Will) I ask you a question？Do you have a minute
B：Um，I guess so.I've got a class at ten，but I 2._______ (should/need) have a few minutes.What is it
A：Well，I have a second interview for a job tomorrow，and I really 3.______ (will/should) get ready for it.I 4._____ (need/may) to think about what to ask，you know，about salary or benefits and stuff.
B：Yeah.You 5.________ (can/ought to) think about what you want.You
Can
should
should
need
ought to
6.____ (can/will) make a list.
A：OK.7._______ (Would/May) you help me？I've got my laptop.Oh，it 8._______ (won't/shouldn't) turn on.
B：You 9.__________ (had better/may) plug it in.OK，so let's see ...Do they provide health insurance
A：Oh，I hope so.They 10._____ (can/might) have it.Don't all companies offer some help with insurance
B：I think so.
can
Would
won't
had better
might
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的定义
[感知]
1．He said he would come here next Friday.
他说他下周五来这儿。
2．(2024·全国甲卷)As always, my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
和往常一样，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。
[归纳]
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看即将发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。一般由“would ＋动词原形”构成。
二、过去将来时的构成及用法
[感知]
1．Scared that the bear would return, Elli and I climbed into the helicopter.
害怕熊会返回， 埃莉和我爬进了直升机。
2．When you asked Li Lei for help，he would never refuse you.
当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝你。
3．Word came that our school was going to hold a class meeting whose topic was related to traditional Chinese customs.
消息传来， 我们学校将要举行一次与中国传统习俗有关的班会。
4．He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
他说将要派我去火车站接她。
5．The building was to be completed next month.
这座建筑将于下个月竣工。
6．Last night my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our class were to take at the weekend.
昨晚， 我和同学们热烈讨论了我们班计划进行的周末之旅。
7．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.
我正要放弃，这时，冈特掏出他的小手机，给一个朋友打了电话。
8．She was very surprised when I told her I was leaving.
当我告诉她我要走时，她非常惊讶。
9．We were informed that the leaders were coming to our company soon.
我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们公司。
[归纳]
构成 功能意义
would＋do 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
was/were going
to do 表示打算或计划做某事或有客观迹象表明要发生某事
was/were to do 表示过去计划或安排做某事
构成 功能意义
was/were about
to do 表示说话的瞬间马上就会发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”，一般不与明确的时间状语连用
was/were doing 表示过去将来时的时候，仅限于come、go、leave、arrive、start等词
“was/were going to＋动词原形”“was/were to＋动词原形”“was/were about to＋动词原形”等结构都可以表达当时的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month.
会议将于下个月召开。
We were to have a lecture about literature at eight.
我们将在八点举行一个文学讲座。
[即练]
用所给动词的适当形式填空/完成句子
1．I was afraid that kids from other schools ___________(laugh) at him.
2．He was about ________(finish) his homework when the lamp didn't work.
3．The photographs were ___________(include) in his as-yet-unwritten autobiography.
4．I thought it _________________(rain)．So I hurried to return home.
5．The dark clouds in the sky meant that a storm ______________(come)．
would laugh
to finish
to be included
was going to rain
was coming
6．He said on the phone that he ____________(arrive) in London.
7．He said that he ___________(visit) the Li River two weeks later.
8．He said he ____________(finish) the work in a week.
9．Last Sunday we _________________(visit) the Great Wall，but it rained.
10．I already told Mark that when he arrived，we __________(go) out for dinner.
11．他说他永远不会再去纽约。
He said he _______________________________．
would arrive
would visit
was to finish
were going to visit
would go
would never go to New York again
12．飞机正要起飞时，他们到了。
The plane _____________________when they arrived.
13．如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
If he were here，he ________________________．
14．他说有许多人要来看烟花表演。
He said that a lot of people _______________________________．
15．他正要准备午饭时，门铃响了。
He ________________________when the bell rang.
was about to take off
would show us how to do it
were coming to watch the fireworks
was about to prepare lunch

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