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(共63张PPT)
B2U4 Vocabulary & Exercise
1. devote /d v t/ 致力于；献身于；奉献
He devoted his life to scientific research.
She devoted herself to helping the poor.
常见搭配：devote oneself to doing sth.（献身于）
devote time/energy to（投入时间/精力）
派生词：devoted (adj. 忠诚的)
devotion (n. 奉献；热爱)
2. in store for sb. / n st f / 即将降临；等待着某人
Nobody knew what was in store for them.
A big surprise was in store for her.
常见搭配：
have sth. in store for sb.
为某人准备某事
3. appeal / pi l/ v./n. 吸引；呼吁；上诉；恳求
The idea of travelling abroad really appeals to me.
They made an urgent appeal for donations.
常见搭配：
appeal to sb.（吸引某人；向某人呼吁）
make an appeal（发出呼吁）
派生词：appealing (adj. 吸引人的)
4. determine /d t m n/ 决定；查明；下决心；确定
The results will determine whether he passes.
She determined to start a completely new life.
常见搭配：
be determined to do sth. 决心去做某事
派生词：determined (adj. 坚定的)
determination (n. 决心)
5. significant /s ɡ n f k nt/ 重要的；显著的；有意义的
This is a significant moment in history.
There was a significant improvement in her health.
常见搭配：significant change/difference/role（重大变化/差异/作用）
派生词：significance (n. 重要性；意义)
significantly (adv. 显著地)
6. description /d skr p n/ 描述；描写；形容；说明
He gave a detailed description of the suspect.
The beautiful scenery was beyond description.
常见搭配：
give a description（做出描述）
beyond description（难以形容）
派生词：
describe (v. 描述)
7. sensitive / sens t v/ 敏感的；体贴的；灵敏的；易受影响的
She is very sensitive to criticism.
This is a sensitive topic that must be handled carefully.
常见搭配：sensitive to（对…敏感）
sensitive issue/topic（敏感议题）
派生词：
sensitively (adv. 敏感地)
insensitive (adj. 不敏感的)
8. soul /s l/ 灵魂；精神；心灵；人
She put her heart and soul into the project.
He's the kindest soul (that) I've ever met.
常见搭配：heart and soul（全心全意） adv.
9. reflect /r flekt/ 反射；反映；深思；体现
The lake perfectly reflected the surrounding mountains.
His actions reflect his true character.
常见搭配：reflect on/upon（深思；反省）
派生词：reflection (n. 倒影；反思)
10. capable / ke p bl/ 有能力的；能干的；有可能的
She is capable of achieving great things.
We need a capable and experienced manager.
常见搭配：capable of（有能力做…）
派生词：
capability (n. 能力；才能)
incapable (adj. 无能力的)
11. awaken / we k n/ 唤醒；激起；意识到；觉醒
The loud noise awakened him from a deep sleep.
The trip awakened her interest in art.
常见搭配：
awaken interest/curiosity（激起兴趣/好奇心）
awaken sb. from（从…中唤醒某人）
派生词：
awake (adj. 醒着的)
12. launch /l nt / v. 发起；推出；发射；创办 / n. 发布；发射；下水
The company launched a new product last week.
The rocket was launched successfully into orbit(轨道).
常见搭配：
launch a campaign/product/attack（发起运动/推出产品/发动攻击）
13. permanence / p m n ns/ 永久性；持久性；长久
They longed for a sense of permanence and stability.
The permanence of the decision worried her greatly.
常见搭配：
a sense of permanence（永久感）
lack of permanence（缺乏持久性）
派生词：permanent (adj. 永久的) / permanently (adv. 永久地)
反义词：temporary adj. 临时的、暂时的
14. contain /k n te n/ 包含；容纳；控制；抑制
This box contains several fragile items.
She struggled to contain her excitement and joy.
常见搭配：
contain oneself（克制自己）
contain a disease（控制疾病）
派生词：container (n. 容器；集装箱)
15. element / el m nt/ 元素；要素；成分；基本原理
Trust is a key element of any successful relationship.
Water contains the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
常见搭配：
key/essential element（关键要素）
chemical element（化学元素）
Exercise
1. He __________ (把……奉献给) all his spare time to helping the elderly in his community.
2. Nobody knew what challenges were __________ (等待着) them when they first entered high school.
3. The colorful pictures in the storybook __________ (吸引) children of all ages.
4. After failing the exam twice, she __________ (下定决心) to study harder and never give up.
5. Winning the school speech contest was a __________ (重要的) moment in his life.
devotes
in store for
appeals to
determined
significant
6. The writer gave such a vivid __________ (描述) of the village that readers felt they were actually there.
7. Be careful with what you say — she is very __________ (敏感的) about her English pronunciation.
8. Music can touch people's __________ (心灵) and make them feel less lonely.
9. The still lake __________ (映出) the mountains and the blue sky perfectly.
10. I believe every student is __________ (有能力的) of making progress as long as they keep trying.
description
sensitive
souls
reflects
capable
11. The smell of fresh bread from the kitchen __________ (唤起) happy memories of his childhood.
12. The school will __________ (发起) a reading campaign next Monday to encourage students to read more books.
13. Children often feel a sense of _____________ (永久性) when they carve their names into a tree.
14. The box __________ (装有) more than two hundred old letters written by her grandmother.
15. Hard work and confidence are key __________ (要素) of success in any field.
awakened
launch
permanence
contained
elements
She devotes two hours to reading every day.
1. 她每天花两个小时读书。
The scientist who devoted his whole life to research finally made a great discovery.
2. 那位把一生都奉献给研究的科学家终于取得了重大发现。(定从)
No one knows what is in store for them in the future.
3. 没有人知道未来等待自己的是什么。
She worked hard every day, and she believed great success was in store for her.
4. 她每天努力工作，她相信巨大的成功正在等待着她。
This movie appeals to young people because of its exciting story.
5. 这部电影因其精彩的故事而吸引年轻人。
He failed the first time, but he was determined to try again.
6. 他第一次失败了，但他下定决心再试一次。
Getting enough sleep every night is significant for your health.
7. 每晚获得充足的睡眠对健康非常重要。
She is a sensitive person, and she can always feel when something is wrong.
8. 她是一个敏感的人，她总能感觉到什么时候出了问题。
He made a big mistake, but he took time to reflect on it and learned from it.
9. 他犯了一个大错，但他花时间反思了这件事，并从中吸取了教训。
I believe you are capable of finishing this task on your own.
10. 我相信你有能力独立完成这项任务。
The school will launch a new reading program next month.
11. 学校下个月将启动一项新的阅读计划。
This bottle contains enough water for a two-hour hike.
12. 这个瓶子里的水足够进行两小时的徒步旅行。
16. universal / ju n v s l/ 普遍的；全体的；通用的；宇宙的
Music is often described as a universal language.
This rule has universal application across all fields.
常见搭配：
universal truth/language（普遍真理/语言）
universal agreement（普遍共识）
派生词：
universe (n. 宇宙；世界) / universally (adv. 普遍地)
17. summary / s m ri/ n. 摘要；总结；概要 / adj. 简略的；即时的
Please write a summary of the main points.
Here is a brief summary of what was discussed.
常见搭配：in summary（总而言之）
派生词：summarize (v. 总结；概括)
18. feature / fi t / n. 特征；特色；特写 / v. 以…为特色；由…主演
The phone has many impressive new features.
The film features several internationally famous actors.
常见搭配：feature film（故事片）
19. author / θ / n. 作者；作家 / v. 撰写；创作
She is the author of three bestselling novels.
He authored an important report on climate change.
常见搭配：bestselling author（畅销书作者）
派生词：
authority (n. 权威；当局)
20. therefore / e f / 因此；所以；于是（表示逻辑推断）
He was seriously ill and therefore unable to attend the meeting.
The road was icy; therefore, we drove very slowly.
近义词：thus 因此
21. issue / u / n. 问题；期刊；发行 / v. 发布；颁发；发行
Climate change is a major global issue today.
The government issued a new set of guidelines.
常见搭配：
key/major issue（关键问题）
raise an issue（提出问题）
issue a statement（发表声明）
22. novel / n v l/ n. 小说 / adj. 新颖的；新奇的；独特的
She spent two years writing her debut novel.
This is a truly novel approach to solving the problem.
常见搭配：write/read a novel写/读小说
a novel idea/approach（新颖的想法/方法）
派生词：novelist (n. 小说家)
23. upper / p / 上面的；较高的；上层的；上游的
They live on the upper floor of the building.
The upper classes have traditionally held more political power.
常见搭配：
upper class（上流社会）
gain the upper hand（占优势）
24. gap /ɡ p/ 差距；缺口；间隙；空白；差异
There is a growing gap between the rich and the poor.
She took a gap year before going to university.
常见搭配：
gap year（间隔年）
bridge/narrow the gap（弥合/缩小差距）
generation gap（代沟）
25. context / k ntekst/ 背景；语境；上下文；环境
You need to understand the broader historical context.
The word has very different meanings in different contexts.
常见搭配：
historical/cultural context（历史/文化背景）
26. specific /sp s f k/ 具体的；特定的；明确的；特有的
Can you give me a more specific example
The medicine targets a specific type of bacteria.
常见搭配：
be specific about（具体说明）
specific details/needs/goals（具体细节/需求/目标）
27. particular /p t kj l / 特别的；挑剔的；特定的；详细的
She has a particular interest in modern art.
In particular, I'd like to thank all the volunteers.
常见搭配：in particular（尤其；特别）
be particular about（对…很挑剔）
派生词：particularly (adv. 尤其；特别地)
28. topic / t p k/ 话题；主题；题目；议题
The topic of the discussion was climate change.
Please try to stay on topic during the meeting.
常见搭配：topic sentence（主题句）/ hot topic（热门话题）
29. collection /k lek n/ 收藏品；合集；征收；一批
She has an impressive collection of rare books.
The collection of taxes is the government’s main responsibility.
常见搭配：a collection of（一批…）
派生词：
collect (v. 收集；收藏)
collector (n. 收藏家；收集者)
30. section / sek n/ 部分；章节；区域；截面；科室
Please read the first section of the chapter.
The store has a large sports section.
Exercise
1. The Internet has become a __________(普遍的) tool in modern life — almost everyone uses it every day.
2. At the end of the report, she wrote a short __________(总结) to help readers understand the main points quickly.
3. One special __________(特点) of this phone is that its battery can last for three days without charging.
4. The __________(作者) of this novel spent ten years traveling around the world before writing the book.
5. It was raining heavily; __________(因此) the football match was moved to the next day.
universal
summary
feature
author
therefore
6. Plastic pollution has become a serious __________(问题) that people all over the world are trying to solve.
7. My father bought me a __________(小说) about a young boy who travels across China on his own.
8. Students in the __________(高年级的) grades are expected to take on more responsibility in the school.
9. There is still a large __________(差距) between the living conditions in cities and those in some rural areas.
10. To understand what a word means, it often helps to look at the __________(上下文) around it.
issue
novel
senior
gap
context
11. The doctor asked the patient to describe the __________(具体的) time and place where the pain began.
12. She has a __________(特别的) interest in animals, so she spends every weekend volunteering at a shelter.
13. The teacher asked us to choose a __________(话题) that we care about and give a three-minute speech on it.
14. The school library has a large __________(收藏) of books on science, history, and literature.
15. Please read the first __________(部分) of Chapter Three before tomorrow's class.
specific
particular
topic
collection
section
31. mean /mi n/ v. 意味着；打算；表示 / adj. 吝啬的；卑鄙的 / n. 平均值；中间
What exactly does this word mean in this context
He didn't mean to hurt her feelings at all.
常见搭配：mean to do（打算做）
by no means（决不）
means of transport（交通方式）
派生词：meaning (n. 含义；意义)
meaningful (adj. 有意义的)
meaningless (adj. 无意义的)
means (n. 方式；手段)
32. transport / tr nsp t/ (n.) / /tr ns p t/ (v.) 运输；交通工具；运送；使陶醉
Public transport in this city is excellent and affordable.
The goods were transported by ship across the ocean.
常见搭配：public transport（公共交通）
派生词：transportation (n. 运输；交通运输系统)
33. generosity / d en r s ti/ 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量；丰富
His generosity was greatly appreciated by everyone.
She showed remarkable generosity toward complete strangers.
常见搭配：with generosity（慷慨地）
派生词：generous (adj. 慷慨的；丰富的) / generously (adv. 慷慨地)
34. chapter / t pt / 章节；（人生）时期；分会；章
Please read chapter three carefully before the next class.
This discovery opened a new chapter in her life.
常见搭配：a new chapter（新篇章）
35. stage /ste d / n. 阶段；舞台；时期 / v. 举办；上演；组织
We are currently in the final stage of the project.
The actor has performed on stage for over thirty years.
常见搭配：
at this stage（在这个阶段）
stage by stage（逐步地）
36. extremely / k stri mli/ 极其；非常；极端地（强调程度之深）
She was extremely nervous before the important exam.
The weather has been extremely cold this winter.
常见搭配：
extremely important/difficult/helpful/useful
极其重要/困难/有帮助/有用
派生词：
extreme (adj. 极端的；n. 极端)
37. destroy /d str / 摧毁；破坏；消灭；毁掉
The fire destroyed the entire building overnight.
The scandal completely destroyed his carefully built reputation.
常见搭配：destroy evidence/hopes/confidence
销毁证据/摧毁希望/打击信心
派生词：destruction (n. 破坏；毁灭)
38. defeat /d fi t/ v. 击败；战胜；挫败 / n. 失败；落败；挫折
They defeated the opposing team by three goals.
She refused to accept defeat and kept trying.
常见搭配：
defeat an enemy击败敌人
suffer/face a defeat遭受失败
admit defeat承认失败
39. attempt / tempt/ v. 试图；尝试；企图 / n. 尝试；企图；努力
He attempted to climb the dangerous mountain alone.
This was her first attempt at writing a full novel.
常见搭配：attempt to do（试图做）
make an attempt（做出尝试）
at the first attempt（第一次尝试时）
attempted murder（谋杀未遂）
派生词：attempted (adj. 未遂的；已尝试的)
40. straighten / stre t n/ 弄直；整理；改正；挺直
He straightened his tie carefully before the big interview.
It took several years to straighten out the financial mess.
常见搭配：straighten out（解决；理清）/ straighten up（挺直身体；整理）/ straighten one's back（挺直腰背）
派生词：
straight (adj. 直的；adv. 直接地)
straightforward (adj. 直接的；简单的)
41. alongside / l sa d/ prep./adv. 在旁边；与…一起；并排；和…并肩
She worked alongside some of the world's best scientists.
The small boat sailed alongside the large vessel.
常见搭配：
work/stand alongside（与…一起工作/站立）
alongside sb./sth.（与某人/某物并排）
42. noble / n bl/ adj. 高尚的；崇高的；贵族的 / n. 贵族
It was a truly noble gesture to give up his seat.
She comes from an ancient and noble family.
常见搭配：noble cause/gesture/character（崇高的事业/姿态/品格）
派生词：nobleman (n. 贵族男性) / nobly (adv. 高尚地；慷慨地)
43. confused /k n fju zd/ 困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的；不清楚的
He looked completely confused when she asked the question.
The complicated instructions left everyone totally confused.
常见搭配：
be confused about/by（对…感到困惑）
get confused（变得困惑）/ confused look（困惑的表情）
派生词：
confuse (v. 使困惑；混淆)
confusion (n. 困惑；混乱)
confusing (adj. 令人困惑的)
44. clear up /kl r p/ 澄清；解决；（天气）放晴；收拾整理；（病症）消失
Can you help clear up this misunderstanding between us
The cloudy weather should clear up by this afternoon.
常见搭配：
clear up a misunderstanding/mystery
澄清误解/解开谜团
clear up the mess/room
收拾混乱/房间
45. flash /fl / v. 闪光；闪现；飞速掠过 / n. 闪光；瞬间；快讯 / adj. 突然的；华而不实的
A brilliant idea suddenly flashed through his mind.
In a flash, the car disappeared around the corner.
常见搭配：
in a flash（转瞬间）
派生词：
flashback (n. 闪回；回忆)
flashlight (n. 手电筒)
Exercise
1. The storm last night __________(摧毁了) several old trees in the park and blocked the main road.
2. She felt __________(极其) tired after running for an hour in the hot sun, but she refused to stop.
3. The kind woman's __________(慷慨) touched everyone in the village — she gave away food and clothes every winter.
4. In the third __________(章节) of the book, the young hero finally discovers the truth about his family.
5. A smile doesn't always __________(意味着) happiness — sometimes people smile to hide their sadness.
destroyed
extremely
generosity
chapter
mean
6. After the argument, it took them a whole day to __________(解开误会) and become friends again.
7. The young athlete made several __________(尝试) before he finally jumped over the bar successfully.
8. Our school basketball team __________(打败了) the city champions for the first time in twenty years.
9. A __________(高尚的) person thinks of others before thinking of himself.
10. The new railway line will __________(运输) both passengers and goods between the two cities.
clear up
attempts
defeated
noble
transport
11. A __________(闪光) of lightning lit up the dark sky, and then thunder followed immediately.
12. She sat up and ____________(挺直了) her back when the teacher walked into the classroom.
13. He was __________(困惑的) by the math problem and didn't know where to begin.
14. Learning to speak in public is an important __________(阶段) in building your confidence.
15. A young volunteer walked __________(并肩) the old man and helped him cross the busy street.
flash
straightened
confused
stage
alongside
Multiple choice
1. She ______ most of her weekends to volunteering at the local animal shelter.
A. destroys　　B. devotes　　C. defeats　　D. determines
2. Nobody knew what was ______ the new students when they arrived at the school on Monday morning.
A. in store for　　B. clear up for　　C. alongside for　　D. in flash for
3. The beautiful photos of the national park really ______ to the young travelers who saw them online.
A. reflected　　B. contained　　C. appealed　　D. awakened
4. Before starting the experiment, the students needed to ______ which materials they would use.
A. contain　　B. feature　　C. destroy　　D. determine
5. Doing regular exercise and getting enough sleep are both ______ for staying healthy during high school.
A. sensitive　　B. significant　　C. confused　　D. noble
6. The policeman asked the woman to give a detailed ______ of the bag she had lost on the bus.
A. summary　　B. collection　　C. description　　D. section
7. My younger brother is very ______ to cold weather and always gets sick when the temperature drops.
A. capable　　B. universal　　C. specific　　D. sensitive
8. Great music has the power to touch people's ______ and bring them together across all cultures.
A. soul　　B. gap　　C. context　　D. element
9. The low test scores ______ the fact that many students had not reviewed their notes carefully enough.
A. launched　　B. contained　　C. reflected　　D. attempted
10. I believe you are fully ______ of passing the exam if you put in enough effort this week.
A. capable　　B. noble　　C. upper　　D. specific
11. The documentary film ______ the students' interest in protecting endangered animals around the world.
A. destroyed　　B. defeated　　C. determined　　D. awakened
12. The school ______ a new after-school program to help students who were struggling with their studies.
A. launched　　B. reflected　　C. contained　　D. straightened
13. Children from families that move often may find it hard to develop a sense of ______ in their lives.
A. generosity　　B. permanence　　C. summary　　D. context
14. This small box can ______ all the things you need for the camping trip this weekend.
A. reflect　　B. defeat　　C. contain　　D. feature
15. Trust and respect are the most important ______ of a healthy and long-lasting friendship.
A. elements　　B. authors　　C. topics　　D. gaps
16. The wish to be kind to others is a ______ value that exists in almost every culture around the world.
A. sensitive　　B. specific　　C. universal　　D. confused
17. At the end of the lesson, the teacher wrote a short ______ of the key grammar rules on the board.
A. novel　　B. chapter　　C. feature　　D. summary
18. One unique ______ of this new library is that it stays open until midnight every day of the week.
A. issue　　B. feature　　C. section　　D. gap
19. Mark Twain is the ______ of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," a classic story loved by readers of all ages.
A. topic　　B. element　　C. author　　D. stage
20. He forgot to bring his homework again; ______, the teacher asked him to stay after class.
A. therefore　　B. alongside　　C. extremely　　D. however

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