资源简介

History and Traditions
VOCABULARY
Mar.18
History and Traditions
B2 Unit4
Words and expressions
1.Confucius [k?n'fju???s] n. 孔子
Temple of Confucius 孔庙
Kong Family Mansion 孔府
Cemetery of Confucius 孔林
Confucius Institute 孔子学院
Confucius was a great thinker, educator，politician and philosopher.
Confucius’ ideas
温故而知新 Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.
学而不思则罔 Learning without reflecting leads to confusion.
学而时习之，不亦乐乎？
有教无类 Learning without reflecting leads to confusion.
己所不欲，勿施于人
Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.
Is it not delightful to acquire knowledge and put it into practice from time to time?
2. mansion [?m?n?n]: n. 公馆;宅第
3. cemetery [?sem?tri]: n. 墓地;公墓
tomb [tu?m] n. 坟墓
grave n. 坟墓
4. philosophy [f??l?s?fi]: n. 哲学
5. descendant [d??send?nt]: n. 后裔;后代;
philosopher [f??l?s?f?(r)] 哲学家
=love “爱”
=wise “智慧，聪明”
1)Confucius has over 3 million descendants.
2)As one of Confucius’ descendants, Xiao Kong’s name is recorded in the family tree.
descendant = de（向下）+ scend（攀爬）+ ant（人）= 往下爬的人→ 引申---后裔，后代，子孙
5. individual /??nd??v?d?u?l/ adj.单独的，个别的
n.[C]个人;有个性的人 P137
她有自己独特的行事风格。
She has her own individual style of doing things.
她有独特的工作方式。
She has her own individual way of working.
individualize（v.）
individual
individuality（n.）
divide- ：分开
in- ：否定作用
individually（adv.）
an individual way/style of sth./doing sth.
（独特的）做某事风格/方式
6. Achilles’ heel [??kili:z] (喻)（希腊神话）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
阿基里斯是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿基里斯从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外———他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿基里斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿基里斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿基里斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿基里斯最终不治而亡。
1)English is his Achilles’ heel.
2)Lucy’s Achilles’ heel is that she cannot believe in others.
3)She will buy shoes with a low/high heel.
例句
词源
pull one’s leg 同某人开玩笑
fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
fly off the handle 大发雷霆
be over the moon 欣喜若狂
laugh one’s head off 大笑不止
be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
child’s play 很容易的事
a wet blanket 扫兴的人或者事情
a lucky dog 幸运儿
a tough nut 难对付的人
习语链接
6. Achilles’ heel [??kili:z] (喻)（希腊神话）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
7.chief [t?i?f]: adj. 最重要的;最高级别的
n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长(复数: chiefs)
the chief engineer/architect 总工程师/建筑师
the chief problem/reason/advantage 最主要问题/原因(理由)/优点
CEO = Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官；总裁
CFO = Chief Financial Officer 财务总监
chef /?ef/ 　厨师，主厨 （pl. chefs)
main/major: adj.主要的
important: adj. 重要的
8. puzzle (n.) 谜语，疑问 （vt.）迷惑
拓展总结
You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest _______ (puzzle) in our life.
These scientists have been puzzled _________ how to solve the environmental problem.
巩固练习
n. be in a puzzle 感到困惑
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
a word puzzle 字谜
v. puzzle about/over 苦苦思考
puzzle
puzzles
about/over
puzzling
puzzled
Be ~ about
①When the little girl was asked such a _______ question, she stood there with a ______ look on her face.(puzzle)
②She lost heart since she failed the exam，because her future was ______ (puzzle)．
③People have long puzzled _________ how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
④Some people are puzzled ________ the fact that he is still single.
⑤ _________________（使我困惑的是）is that I don’t know the exact time for the test.
puzzling　
puzzled　
puzzling　
over/about　
单句语法填空
about
What puzzles me
[温馨提示]
puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等状态类过去分词作形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。
9. nearby [?n???ba?]: adv. 在附近
adj. 附近的;邻近的(常在名词前)
near 在...附近
be near to... 距...近
be far from... 距...远
1)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
2)Her mother lives in a nearby town.
=Her mother lives in a town nearby.
in the?near?future adj.
it's?near?impossible adv.
As night?neared… v.
10. join...to.... 把A和B连接起来；联合
The Internet joins every individual or group to the world.
每一个个人或团体都通过互联网与世界相连
connect...to/with/and... 把……与……连接起来
join in 参加；加入
join sb. in doing sth. 和某人一起做某事
The engineer connected my computer 　　　　 the others.
All the family join me in 　　　 (wish)you a happy future.
所有的家人同我一道祝你未来幸福。
Do you know how many of them joined 　　　 the research project?

to/with/and
wishing
in
11.break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛
佳句列举
拓展总结
The?U.K.?broke?away?from?the?European?Union
Some people in Taiwan want to break away from the Chinese mainland.
It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
break
into
down
out
up
损坏，发生故障
破门而入；崩溃, 垮掉
（战争）爆发，（火灾）突然发生
结束，破裂
Adv.
Prep.
损坏, 出故障
崩溃, 垮掉
分解, 分类
打碎
破裂
分解
驱散
放假
折断
终止; 中断
闯入
插话
闯入
爆发
迸发, 爆发
突破; 突围
脱离; 摆脱
①If you go on working like that, you will _____________ sooner or later.
②A fire ___________ in this hotel last night and three people were killed.
③With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to ___________________ the Union.
④In my opinion，marriage based on money is likely to ______________.
5. She longed to _____________ on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude.
6. The elephant _______________ the wheat fields and did much damage.
7. If your car __________________, just sit tight and wait for the police to come along.
break down　
broke out　
break away from　
break up　
用break的相关短语填空
break in
broke into
breaks down
12.belong to 属于
No matter what happens, Taiwan belongs to China.
佳句列举
要点必记
belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应
belongings n. （pl.）所有物；财产，财物
personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品
注意：
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging to”。
后接名词或代词宾格,不与名词性物主代词(如mine, hers, his, yours等)连用。表示“某东西属于某人”用sth belong to sb, 而不用sth belong to sb's。
12.belong to 属于
语法填空
The old house 　　　　　　 (belong) to my grandfather was still in good condition.
I just escaped from the flood and all my
________ (belong) were swept away.
If someone belongs 　　　　 a particular group, he or she is a member of that group.
belonging
belongings
to
12.belong to 属于
He was upset that the valuable watch _______
______ ______ （属于他的）was lost yesterday.
belonging
to him
拓展总结
A as well as/together with/along with B + 谓语动词+ 其他 谓语动词的单复数由 A 决定
not only A but also B
不但A……而且B……（强调B ）
A as well as B
不但B……而且A…… （强调A ）
13.as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还
巩固练习
Peter as well as his friends _______ (like) to listen to classical music.
Not only he but also his brothers __________ (work) like mad at the moment.
He gave me some good tips as well _______ some warnings.
Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, _______ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
likes
are working
as
is
13.as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还
一句多译
他不但种花，而且种菜。
He grows vegetables _____ _____ _____ flowers.
He grows _____ _____ vegetables _____ _____ flowers.
as well as
not only
but also
as well 也 置于肯定句句末，不需要用逗号与句子分开
may/might as well do sth “还是……为好; 不妨……”。
as good as 几乎和……一样; 同……一样好(形容词)
13.as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还
If you do not like swimming, you _may as well_ go jogging.
如果不喜欢游泳,你不妨慢跑。
as well, too, also, either: 也
前三个用于肯定句, either 用于否定句。
1)I have been to the Great Wall as well．
2)I have been to the Great Wall (,) too．
3)I have also been to the Great Wall.
4)I have not been to the Great Wall either.
14.currency[?k?r?nsi ]: n. 通货; 货币
money n. 钱
cash n. 现金
bill/note n. 纸币
coin n. 硬币
15. military [?m?l?tri ]: adj. 军事的;军用的
1)They had their military training last month.
2)We may have to take military action.
军训
采取军事行动
16. defence [d??fens ] n. 防御；保卫
the Department of Defense: 国防部
defend [d??fend ] v.
1)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
2)The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.
3)Mr Green stood up ______ ______ ______ （为……辩护）the little boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
4)Thousands of young men came forward, willing to ______ ______ ______ （保卫他们的国家）.

in defence of
defend their
country
16. defence n. 防御；保卫
词汇记忆
defence (n.) 捍卫
the Department of Defense: 国防部
in defence of 为……辩护；捍卫，保卫
defence against 抵御……
in one’s defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护
defend (vt.) 保护；保卫
defend... from/against... 保护……免受伤害；保卫
17. legal ['li:ɡl] adj. 法律的;合法的
legally: adv. 法律上;合法地
illegal [??li:gl]: adj. 不合法的;违法的
illegally: adv. 不法地
law: n. 法律
【in- im- un- dis- -less il-】
1)For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.
2)Everyone must earn money in a legal way.
18. surround [s??ra?nd ] v. 围绕;包围
“超过；外加”
surplus 过/多剩的 Surface 表面
surrounding: adj. 周围的;附近的
surroundings: n.环境;周围的事物
be surrounded with/by… 被…围绕/包围
1)The police have surrounded the office building.
2)The lake is surrounded with/by trees.
19. evidence ['ev?d?ns] n. [U] 证据;证明
evident adj. 明显的，显而易见的
1)我们没有证据支持这个案子。
We have no evidence to support the case.
2)Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
20. achievement [?'t?i:vm?nt]: n. 成就;成绩;达到
achieve v. 取得; 获得; 实现; 成功
achieve one’s dream/goal/target 实现梦想/目标
1)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
2)我们必须努力实现自己的目标。
We must work hard to achieve our goals.
achievement的基本意思是“完成,达到”,指达到所期望的目标的过程。是抽象名词,不可数。
achievement用作可数名词时，常指因努力和技巧而取得的“成就，成绩”
21. location [l???ke??n ] n. 地方;地点;位置
locate v. 坐落于，位于; 确定准确地点
be located in/at/to… 位于;坐落在
destination: n. 目的地
巩固练习
The ancient people built towers in different 　　 　　 ________ （locate）for military defence.
China ________ （locate）in the east of Asia with the area of about 9, 600, 000 square kilometres.
Mount Huang __________ （位于）Anhui Province.
The centre __________________________ many historical sites.
（这个中心距离许多古迹都很近。）
单句写作
locations
is located
is located in
is located within easy reach of
21. location [l???ke??n ] n. 地方;地点;位置
ninty-six million
22.conquer [?k??k?(r) ] v. 占领;征服;控制
1)We have?conquered?the enemy.
2)I believe that we can conquer cancer in the near future.
3)I was certain that love was quite enough to?conquer?our differences...
我相信爱足以克服我们的种种差异。
巩固练习
She has __________________ （与……抗争）cancer for two years.
battled against/with
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
23.battle ['b?tl ] n. 战役;搏斗
v. 搏斗;奋斗
24.Port n.港口
import
export
Im- “否定”
进入；在内
ex- 从…离开；向外
25. fascinating [?f?s?ne?t?? ]
adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的
1)Guilin is the most fascinating place that I have ever been to.
2)The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.
Fascinate v.
要点记忆
keep an eye on 照看;留意;密切关注
keep up 保持；继续
keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系
keep back 阻止；隐瞒
keep away （from） 避免接近（……）
keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做……
26. keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意
26. keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意
巩固练习
You must keep your ______ (eye) open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
Keep your eyes open ______ a boy in a red sweater.
You’re walking so fast that I can’t keep up ______ you.
Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese ______ burning.
eyes
for
with
from
要点记忆
搭配 1 （名词）
take charge of 主管；负责
free of charge 免费（=for free）
人+ in charge of + 事 …负责/ 掌管…
事+ in/under the charge of + 人 由……负责/ 掌管
搭配2 （动词）
charge sb. for sth. 因某事/ 某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. /doing sth. 指控某人（做）某事

27.charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
27.charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
He was charged with being mean to the employees after he took charge of the company, which had been in the charge of his father, for he began to charge the staff for charging their electric bicycles.
他被指控在他掌管了他父亲管理的公司后对员工很刻薄，因为他开始向员工收取给电动车充电的费用。
—How much do you charge me 　　　　 it?
—No. In fact it is free 　　　　 charge at the
weekend.
He was charged 　　　　 murder and sentenced to death.
巩固练习
for
of
with
27.charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
单句写作
The man __________ （负责）the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
He is old, so his son will ______________ （负责）the farm.
The programme is ________________ （由…… 负责/ 掌管）Mr Zhang.
in charge of
take charge of
in the charge of
27.charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
单句写作
The man ______________ （被指控） theft, but he made a protest.
Somehow they didn’t ______ us ______ （因……向……收费） delivery this time. 　　　　
was charged with
charge
for
27.charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
28.announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
词汇记忆
announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth.
向某人宣布某事
announce that... 宣布……
It is announced that... 据报道……
announcement n. 宣告
make an announcement 宣布通告
向
发声
单句写作
The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news _____ the reporters.
We are pleased _______________ (announce) that all five candidates are successful.
She made her ______________ (announce) after talks with the president.
to
to announce
announcement
28.announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
quantity 数量
quality 质量
amount to 共计；等于；意味着
a large amount of + 不可数名词 + 单动
large amounts of + 不可数名词 + 复动
29.amount [??ma?nt ] n. 金额；数量
1)A large amount of water ________(have) been polluted.
2)Large amounts of water _________(have) been polluted.
has
have
单句写作
他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。（amount）
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
They spent a large amount of time on this problem.
They spent large amounts of time on this problem. 　
29.amount [?'na?ns] n. 金额；数量
29.amount [?'na?ns] n. 金额；数量
拓展记忆
“许多、大量”的多种表达
A large amount of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large amounts of + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+
其他.
A large quantity of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large quantities of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 复数谓语
动词+ 其他.
拓展记忆
“许多、大量”的多种表达
A good/great many （A large/great number of 、Quite a few） + 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语动词+ 其他.
Many a + 可数名词单数 + 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
A lot of/ Lots of （Plenty of ）+ 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词+ 谓语动词+ 其他.
（谓语动词的单复数根据of 后的名词确定）
29.amount [?'na?ns] n. 金额；数量
语法填空
With more forests being destroyed, a large amount of good earth ______ (be) being washed away each year.
There ______ (be) large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games.
To my disappointment, a large amount of money _______________ (waste) so far.
A number of high buildings _________ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
is
are
has been wasted
have arisen
29.amount [?'na?ns] n. 金额；数量
30.gallery /'g?l(?)r?/ n.（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
词汇记忆
名词
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an approach to （doing）sth. （做）某事的方法
adopt/take an approach 采用一种方法
31.approach [??pr??t? ] n. 方法；途径；接近 　
vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
介词
We will adopt different approaches to (solving) the problems.
词汇记忆
动词
Winter is approaching.
approach the problem/matter 处理问题
31.approach [??pr??t? ] n. 方法；途径；接近 　
vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
way, method, means
The bank has approached the problems in different ways.
巩固练习
The best approach to _________ (explore) the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.
Many kinds of birds fly south _________ the approach of winter.
All the approaches _________ the palace were guarded by troops.
The approach _________ the summer vacation brings the kids much happiness.
exploring
at
to
of
31.approach [??pr??t? ] n. 方法；途径；接近 　
vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
33. landscape [?l?ndske?p]:n. (陆上/乡村的)风景
enjoy/appreciate the ... 欣赏风景
natural ~ 自然景观
要点记忆
generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方，不吝啬某物
It’s generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨
generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地　
?generosity n. 慷慨，大方
34.generous ['d?en?r?s] adj. 慷慨的，大方的；丰富的
mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的
巩固练习
These volunteers are very generous ___________ the old men.
The young man is very generous ___________ his time in helping others.
It is generous of you ___________ (lend) your portable computer to me.
to
with
to lend
34.generous ['d?en?r?s] adj. 慷慨的，大方的；丰富的
误区警示
当 position, situation, point, case, stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用 where 引导。
35.position [p??z??n]: v. 安装;安置;使处于
n. 位置; 职位; 姿态;地方
in place/position 在合适的地方
out of place/position 在不合适的地方
巩固练习
Ensure that everything is __________ position when we come back to the room.
I’m sorry if I put you __________ an awkward position.
If a container catches liquid, it is in a position __________ the liquid falls into it.
in
in
where
35.position [p??z??n]: v. 安装;安置;使处于
n. 位置; 职位; 姿态;地方
36. eager [?i:g?] adj. 热切的；渴望
要点记忆
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴求某事物
be eager in 热衷于
The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager ____ knowledge and eager _________ (make) progress, so she is eager ____ her study and is always praised by her teachers.
巩固练习
to make
for
in
They are Chinese famous ___________ in Tang Dynasty.
poets
37.poet [?p???t]: n. 诗人
poem [?p???m]: n. 诗;诗歌(可数名词)
poetry [?p???tri]: n.诗集; 诗歌; 诗作 (不可数名词)
38.feast [fi?st ]: n. 盛宴;宴会;节日
1)That evening they held a feast for their foreign friends.
2)Christmas is an important feast for some people in the west.
3)Its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes
39.cattle [?k?tl ]: n. 牛(牛的总称)(集合名词)
cow: n. 母牛; 奶牛
ox: 公牛(已阉割) (复数: oxen)
bull: 公牛(未阉割)
集合名词,前面不能加 a,词尾也不可加s。常和many,these,those,the等连用。用作主语时,句子的谓语动词多用复数
roar [r??(r)]: v. / n. 吼叫;咆哮
1)Don’t roar at your parents.
2)A moment ago, we heard the roars of lions in the forest.
pub
custom [?k?st?m ] n. 风俗;习俗;习惯
customs n. 海关; 关税
customer n. 顾客;主顾
habit n. 习惯(通常指个人的习惯)
practice n. 习惯; 习俗; 练习; 实践
a customs officer 海关官员
误区警示
复数 customs 还专指“海关”。
It ____________________ （已经变成一个习俗） to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
____________________________（对中国人来说……是一种习俗）to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival to get rid of ill fortune.
巩固练习
has become a custom
It is a custom for Chinese people
custom [?k?st?m ] n. 风俗;习俗;习惯
sensory [?sens?ri ] adj. 感觉的;感官的
sense n. 感官(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)
the sense of sight/ smell/hearing/touch/taste: 视觉/嗅觉/听觉/触觉/味觉
sensory organs 感觉器官
striking [?stra?k??]: adj. 引人注目的;显著的
strike [stra?k] 罢工; 侵袭; 重创; 打; 碰撞;
打动; 敲钟; (钟)打点/报时
(strike -- struck --- struck/stricken)
1)A striking image. 引人注目的形象
2)There is a striking difference between Tom and Peter.
crowd
crowd [kra?d] v.挤满;使拥挤
n. 人群;一群人;观众 ; 民众;群众
a crowd of/crowds of 一大群; 很多
follow the crowd 随大流
crowd into one’s mind/head
crowd in (on sb) (想法/问题等) 涌上心头;涌入
crowd into sth 大批涌入...
crowded adj. 拥挤的; 挤满的
be crowded with... 挤满…
greet vt. 问候；迎接
映入……的眼帘；传入……的耳中/ 鼻中
助记
You are great to greet us with such warm greetings.
greet the New Year 迎接新年

要点记忆
greet sb. with 用……向某人打招呼/ 问候某人
greeting n. 问候，招呼，致意
（常用复数形式greetings 表示“问候语，贺词”）
send greetings to sb. 向某人致意
(2013浙江)The moment I arrived in Paris, I was _____________ a nice French couple who would become my host parents.
我一到巴黎就受到一对法国夫妇的欢迎，他们后来成了我的寄宿家长。
His appearance on the platform was greeted ________ a burst of applause.
We are ________（greet）by an entertaining view of the sea.
Lily sends greetings ________ her teachers every Teachers’ Day.
◆
with
greeted
to
?was greeted by

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