2026年高考英语考点专题精讲精练(新高考通用)专题02动词(核心词汇清单)(第2讲)(学生版+解析)

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2026年高考英语考点专题精讲精练(新高考通用)专题02动词(核心词汇清单)(第2讲)(学生版+解析)

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第02讲 高考高频动词知识点讲解
01考情概览
2025年全国一卷总词数为3443个,去重后1014个。其中,课标词785个,占比77.4%;课标词的派生、合成词168个占比16.6%;课标未收、教材未学词150个,占比14.7%;课标外词61个,占6.0%。
02考情分析
在词汇考察上注重熟词生义、一词多义的语境化用,empty、stuff、store、spare的动词用法都被放到了选项中考察。此外,全卷中高频出现了构词法衍生词,需要根据构词法推出词义,要求准确掌握单词的词性转换、词形变换;文章中还出现了很多合成词,如decarbonize、 breakdown、lightweight、electrified、redesign、mobility、rethink、microplastics、hardness、severity、unsung、giveaways、cutting-edge、minimalist、conceptual。
03备考策略
在2026届高考备考过程中要摒弃独立背单词的模式,强化词汇语境化学习和构词法扩展。通过阅读外刊、英文小说、真题语篇等,在真实语境中理解记忆单词。积累一词多义、熟词生义现象,进行词义推测训练,努力实现单词的“活学活用”。
一、考点精讲
1. absorb (v. 吸收;理解;使专心;承受(压力等))
词性转换:absorption (n. 吸收;专注)
核心短语:
absorb oneself in (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事
be absorbed in (doing) sth. 被…… 吸引;专心于……(常考被动结构)
考点提示:完形填空常考 “专心” 场景,写作中可用于描述学习、研究状态。
例句:She was so absorbed in reading that she didn’t hear the doorbell.
2. access (v. 使用;获取;接近 )
词性转换:accessible (adj. 可到达的;可使用的;易接近的);accessibility (n. 可及性)
核心短语:
have access to sth. 有机会使用 / 接触某物(高考必背,尤其在教育、科技话题中)
access to sth. (某物的)使用权 / 通道
考点提示:单选常考固定搭配 “have access to”,且 to 为介词;写作中可描述 “获取资源、信息” 等。
例句:All students have access to the school library.
3.accompany (v. 陪伴;伴随;为…… 伴奏)
词性转换:accompanying (adj. 陪伴的;伴随的);accompaniment (n. 陪伴;伴奏;伴随物)
核心短语:
accompany sb. to sp. 陪伴某人去某地
be accompanied by 由…… 陪伴;伴有……
考点提示:注意与 “company (n. 陪伴;公司)” 区分,完形填空中易考查动词与名词的词性辨析及固定搭配。
例句:She asked me to accompany her to the train station.
4. adapt (v. 使适应;改编 )
词性转换:adaptation (n. 适应;改编本);adaptive (adj. 适应的)
核心短语:
adapt (oneself) to sth. (使自己)适应某事(高考高频,完形、写作均常考)
adapt sth. for sth. 为…… 改编某物(如改编剧本、书籍)
考点提示:注意与 “adopt(收养;采纳)” 的区别,易混词辨析为高考重点。
例句:It took her a while to adapt to the new school life.
5. adjust (v. 调整;使适合 )
词性转换:adjustment (n. 调整;适应);adjustable (adj. 可调整的)
核心短语:
adjust (oneself) to sth. (使自己)适应某事(与 adapt to 近义,可替换使用)
adjust sth. to sth. 调整某物以适应……
考点提示:单选、完形中常与 “adapt” 辨析,侧重 “微小调整以适应”。
例句:You need to adjust the camera to the light conditions.
6. admire (v. 钦佩;羡慕;赞美 )
词性转换:admiration (n. 钦佩;赞美);admirable (adj. 令人钦佩的)
核心短语:
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人(高考固定搭配,必背)
admire sth. 欣赏某物(如艺术品、风景)
考点提示:注意 “admire” 不接双宾语,不可说 “admire sb. sth.”,需用 “admire sth. for sb.”。
例句:We all admire her for her courage and determination.
7. advance (v. 推进;促进;提前)
词性转换:advancement (n. 前进;进步);advanced (adj. 先进的;高级的)
核心短语:
in advance 提前;预先(高考高频,如 “book tickets in advance”)
advance on/towards sth. 向…… 前进
advance sth. 推进;促进(如 “advance technology”)
考点提示:adj. “advanced” 常考,如 “advanced technology(先进技术)”“advanced courses(高级课程)”。
例句:Please let me know your plan in advance.
8. agree (v. 同意;赞成;相符 )
词性转换:agreement (n. 同意;协议);disagreement (n. 不同意)
核心短语:
agree with sb./sth. 同意某人 / 某事;(食物等)适合某人(高考多义考点)
agree on sth. (双方)就某事达成一致
考点提示:“agree with” 的 “适合” 含义易被忽略,单选常考;“agreement” 常与 “reach” 搭配(reach an agreement)。
例句:The climate here doesn’t agree with me. / We agreed on a date for the meeting.
9. amaze (v. 使惊奇;使惊愕 )
词性转换:amazement (n. 惊讶);amazing (adj. 令人惊讶的);amazed (adj. 感到惊讶的)
核心短语:
be amazed at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶(高考高频,情感描写常用)
amaze sb. 使某人惊讶
考点提示:区分 “amazing”(修饰物)和 “amazed”(修饰人),完形、语法填空常考形容词辨析。
例句:I was amazed at how quickly she learned the language.
10. announce (v. 宣布;宣告;通知;声称 )
词性转换:announcement (n. 公告;宣布);announcer (n. 播音员; announcer)
核心短语:
announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事(不可说 “announce sb. sth.”)
announce that... 宣布……(宾语从句常考)
考点提示:注意与 “declare(宣布;声明,侧重正式、权威)” 的区别,单选易混辨析。
例句:The president announced his resignation to the public.
11. annoy (v. 使恼怒;打扰)
词性转换:annoyance (n. 恼怒);annoying (adj. 令人恼怒的);annoyed (adj. 感到恼怒的)
核心短语:
be annoyed with sb. 对某人心烦
be annoyed at/by sth. 因某事心烦(高考情感类场景常用)
考点提示:区分 “annoying” 和 “annoyed”,与 “amaze” 的形容词用法逻辑一致,完形常考。
例句:She was annoyed with him for being late again.
12. apologize (v. 道歉;认错;辩解 )
词性转换:apology (n. 道歉)
核心短语:
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉(高考固定搭配,必背)
make an apology to sb. for sth. (名词形式搭配,与上句同义)
考点提示:“apologize” 为不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,必须加 “to” 和 “for”,单选常考搭配错误。
例句:He apologized to his teacher for being absent from class.
13. appeal (v. 呼吁;恳求;上诉;吸引 )
词性转换:appeal (n. 吸引力;呼吁);appealing (adj. 有吸引力的)
核心短语:
appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力;呼吁某人(高考多义重点,需结合语境判断)
appeal for sth. 呼吁某物(如 “appeal for help” 求助)
appeal to sth. 诉诸……(如 “appeal to law” 诉诸法律)
考点提示:“appeal to” 的多义性是高考难点,完形中需根据上下文区分 “吸引” 和 “呼吁” 含义。
例句:This new design appeals to young people. / They appealed for donations to help the homeless.
14. apply (v. 申请;适用)
词性转换:application (n. 申请;应用);applicant (n. 申请人)
核心短语:
apply for sth. 申请某物(如 “apply for a job” 申请工作,高考高频)
apply to sth./sb. 向…… 申请;适用于……(多义考点)
apply sth. to sth. 把某物应用于……(如 “apply theory to practice” 理论联系实际)
考点提示:“apply to” 的 “适用于” 含义易被忽略,如 “The rule applies to everyone.”(这条规则适用于所有人)。
例句:She applied to three universities and was accepted by all.
15. assist (v. 帮助;协助;援助 )
词性转换:assistance (n. 帮助);assistant (n. 助手;adj. 辅助的)
核心短语:
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人(做)某事(高考正式场景常用,如工作、研究)
考点提示:与 “help”“aid” 近义,“assist” 更正式,完形中可根据语境选择;“assistant” 为高频名词。
例句:The nurse assisted the doctor with the operation.
16. assume (v. 联想;使联合;使发生联系 )
词性转换:assumption (n. 假设;假定);assuming (conj. 假设;假如)
核心短语:
assume that... 假定……(宾语从句常考)
assume sb. to be... 假定某人为……
考点提示:注意 “assume” 与 “presume(推定;假定,侧重更有依据的猜测)” 的区别;“on the assumption that...”(基于…… 的假设)为写作常用短语。
例句:I assume that you will come to the meeting on time. / He assumed responsibility for the accident.
17. astonish (v. 使惊讶;使震惊 )
词性转换:astonishment (n. 震惊);astonishing (adj. 令人震惊的);astonished (adj. 感到震惊的)
核心短语:
be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊(与 “amaze” 用法类似,程度更强)
考点提示:形容词辨析同 “amaze”“annoy”,完形中根据情感强度选择。
例句:We were astonished by the news of her sudden death.
18. attempt (v. 企图;尝试 )
词性转换:attempt (n. 尝试)
核心短语:
attempt to do sth. 试图做某事(高考高频,可替换 “try to do sth.”,更正式)
make an attempt to do sth. (名词形式搭配,与上句同义)
考点提示:“attempt” 作动词时,不接 “doing”,只能接 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误。
例句:He attempted to climb the mountain alone.
19. attract ( v. 企图;尝试 )
词性转换:attraction (n. 吸引力;景点);attractive (adj. 有吸引力的)
核心短语:
attract sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力(高考必背,场景通用)
be attracted to sth./sb. 被某物 / 某人吸引
考点提示:“attraction” 作 “景点” 讲时为可数名词(如 “tourist attractions” 旅游景点),完形、阅读常考。
例句:The beautiful scenery attracted a lot of visitors.
1. balance (v. 使平衡;权衡 )
词性转换:balance (n. 平衡;余额);balanced (adj. 平衡的;均衡的)
核心短语:
balance A against B 权衡 A 与 B(高考抽象场景常用,如权衡利弊)
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
考点提示:adj. “balanced” 常考,如 “balanced diet(均衡饮食)”“balanced view(客观看法)”,写作高频。
例句:We need to balance the benefits against the risks.
2. base (v. 以…… 为基础 )
词性转换:base (n. 基地;基础);basic (adj. 基本的);basis (n. 基础;根据)
核心短语:
base sth. on/upon sth. 把某事建立在…… 基础上(高考必背,被动式 “be based on” 更常考)
on the basis of 基于……(写作替换用)
考点提示:“base” 作动词时,主语多为 “物”,宾语为 “基础”,不可说 “base on sth.”,必须带宾语,单选常考搭配错误。
例句:The novel is based on the author’s real experiences. / We made the decision on the basis of facts.
3. benefit ( v. 有益于 )
词性转换:benefit (n. 益处;福利);beneficial (adj. 有益的)
核心短语:
benefit from/by sth. 从…… 中获益(高考高频,主动被动均可,如 “be benefited from”)
be beneficial to sb./sth. 对…… 有益(形容词短语,写作常用)
考点提示:“benefit” 作名词时,常与 “for”“to” 搭配,如 “benefit for children”(儿童福利),单选易考介词。
例句:Students have benefited a lot from online learning. / Reading is beneficial to our minds.
4. blame (v. 责怪;归咎于 )
词性转换:blame (n. 责备;责任)
核心短语:
be to blame for sth. 对某事负有责任(主动形式表被动,高考重点考点)
考点提示:“be to blame” 不可用于被动语态,如 “Who is to blame for the mistake ”(谁该为这个错误负责?),常考语态错误。
例句:He blamed his failure on bad luck. / The driver was to blame for the accident.
5. burn ( v. . 燃烧;烧毁;灼伤 )
词性转换:burn (n. 烧伤;燃烧);burnt/burned (adj. 烧焦的;烧伤的)
核心短语:
burn with sth. 充满…… 情感(如 “burn with enthusiasm” 充满热情)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均可为 “burnt” 或 “burned”,语法填空不做区分;“burnt” 作形容词更常用,如 “burnt bread”(烧焦的面包)。
例句:The old factory was burnt down in a fire. / She burned with desire to succeed.
6. capture (v. 捕获;引起(注意、想象等))
词性转换:capture (n. 捕获;占领);captured (adj. 被捕获的;被占领的)
核心短语:
capture one’s attention/imagination 吸引某人的注意力 / 想象力(高考写作、阅读高频)
考点提示:侧重 “通过努力获得或控制”,区别于 “catch(普通捕获)”,完形中根据语境选择;“capture” 作 “赢得” 讲时,可替换 “win”,更正式。
例句:The movie captured the hearts of audiences all over the world.
7. charge (v. 使充电;使承担;索价;控告;向…… 冲去 )
词性转换:charge (n. 费用;电荷;指控);charged (adj. 带电的;充满情感的)
核心短语:
charge sb. for sth. 因某事向某人收费(高考高频,如 “charge 10 yuan for the book”)
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事(如 “charge him with theft” 指控他偷窃)
in charge of 负责……(主语是人,如 “she is in charge of the project”)
in the charge of 由…… 负责(主语是物,如 “the project is in the charge of her”)
考点提示:多义性为高考难点,需结合语境区分 “收费”“指控”“负责” 含义;“in charge of” 与 “in the charge of” 的主被动区别常考。
例句:How much do you charge for this service / He was charged with dangerous driving.
8. combine (v. 结合;联合;混合 )
词性转换:combination (n. 结合;组合);combined (adj. 结合的;联合的)
核心短语:
combine A with B 把 A 和 B 结合起来(高考必背,被动式 “be combined with” 常用)
考点提示:区别于 “connect(连接,侧重物理或逻辑关联)”“unite(联合,侧重统一整体)”,易混词辨析常考。
例句:She combines work with pleasure. / The two companies combined to form a new one.
9. commit (v. 犯(罪、错);承诺;投入(时间、精力等))
词性转换:commitment (n. 承诺;献身);committed (adj. 坚定的;忠诚的)
核心短语:
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺做某事;致力于……(高考高频,to 为介词,后接 doing)
commit sth. 犯(罪、错等);投入(时间、金钱等)
考点提示:“commit oneself to” 中 “to” 是介词,不可接动词原形,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“committed” 常考,如 “committed teacher”(敬业的老师)。
例句:He committed himself to helping the poor. / She committed an error in judgment.
municate ( v. 交流;沟通 )
词性转换:communication (n. 交流;通讯);communicative (adj. 善于交流的)
考点提示:“communication” 作 “交流” 时为不可数名词,作 “通讯方式” 时为可数名词。
例句:It’s important to communicate with your parents regularly.
11. compare ( v. 比较;把…… 比作 )
词性转换:comparison (n. 比较;对照)
核心短语:
compare A with B 把 A 和 B 进行比较(侧重找不同)
compare A to B 把 A 比作 B(侧重找相似,如 “compare life to a journey”)
by comparison 相比之下(介词短语)
考点提示:“compare with” 与 “compare to” 的区别是高考重点,完形、单选常考;过去分词短语 “compared with/to” 常作状语,语法填空高频。
例句:Compare this photo with that one, and you’ll find differences.
12. compete ( v. 竞争;对抗 )
词性转换:competition (n. 竞争;比赛);competitive (adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的);competitor (n. 竞争者)
核心短语:
compete with/against sb. for sth. 与某人竞争某物(高考固定搭配,必背)
考点提示:“competitive” 常考,如 “competitive price(有竞争力的价格)”“competitive environment(竞争环境)”,阅读高频。
例句:Two teams competed for the championship.
13. conclude ( v. 推断;作结论;结束 )
词性转换:conclusion (n. 结论;结束);conclusive (adj. 决定性的;确凿的)
核心短语:
in conclusion 总之(写作结尾常用过渡短语)
考点提示:区别于 “finish(完成,侧重动作结束)”“end(结束,侧重时间或过程终止)”,侧重 “有结果的结束”;“draw/reach a conclusion”(得出结论)为固定搭配。
例句:We concluded that he was lying. / In conclusion, I’d like to thank everyone for their help.
14. confirm ( v. 确认;证实;批准;使巩固 )
词性转换:confirmation (n. 确认;证实);confirmed (adj. 确认的;坚定的)
核心短语:
confirm that... 确认……(宾语从句常考)
confirm sb. in sth. 坚定某人的……(如 “confirm him in his belief” 坚定他的信念)
考点提示:侧重 “通过证据或行动证实”,区别于 “prove(证明,侧重逻辑或事实证明)”,易混词辨析常考。
例句:Please call to confirm your appointment. / It has been confirmed that the flight is delayed.
15. confuse ( v. 使困惑;混淆;弄乱为 )
词性转换:confusion (n. 困惑;混乱);confusing (adj. 令人困惑的);confused (adj. 感到困惑的)
核心短语:
confuse A with B 把 A 和 B 混淆(高考高频,易混词辨析常考)
be confused about sth. 对某事感到困惑(情感类场景常用)
考点提示:形容词辨析“confused” 修饰人,“confusing”修饰物。
例句:People often confuse “imply” with “infer”. / I’m confused about the new rules.
16. congratulate ( v. 祝贺;向…… 道贺 )
词性转换:congratulation (n. 祝贺;贺词)
核心短语:
congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 因(做)某事祝贺某人(高考固定搭配,必背)
offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth. (名词形式搭配,与上句同义)
考点提示:区别于 “celebrate(庆祝节日、事件)”,“congratulate” 后接 “人”,搭配对象是高考重点区分点。
例句:We congratulated her on winning the first prize.
17. connect ( v. 连接;接通(电话等))
词性转换:connection (n. 连接;联系);connected (adj. 连接的;有联系的)
核心短语:
connect A with B 把 A 和 B 连接起来;使 A 与 B 有联系(高考高频)
be connected with 与…… 有联系(被动式常用)
考点提示:区别于 “combine(结合,侧重融合为一体)”“link(链接,侧重逻辑关联)”,易混词辨析常考;“in connection with”(与…… 有关)为阅读高频短语。
例句:The road connects this village with the city. / This incident is connected with the previous one.
18. consider ( v. 考虑;认为 )
词性转换:consideration (n. 考虑;关心);considerate (adj. 体贴的);considerable (adj. 相当大的;重要的)
核心短语:
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事(高考重点,后接动名词,不可接不定式)
consider sb./sth. (as) sth. 认为某人 / 某物是……(as 可省略)
take sth. into consideration 把某事考虑在内(写作常用)
考点提示:“consider” 后接 “doing” 而非 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“considerate” 与 “considerable” 易混淆,需注意词义区别。
例句:She is considering changing her job. / We must take the weather into consideration.
19. construct ( v. 建造;构建;构思 )
词性转换:construction (n. 建造;建筑);constructive (adj. 建设性的)
核心短语:
construct sth. 建造;构建(如 “construct a building”“construct a theory”)
be under construction 正在建造中(固定表达,高考阅读、完形常考)
考点提示:侧重 “有计划、有步骤地建造或构建”,区别于 “build(普通建造)”“establish(建立,侧重组织、机构)”;“constructive” 常考,如 “constructive suggestions(建设性建议)”。
例句:A new bridge is being constructed over the river. / The theory was constructed based on experiments.
20. consume ( v. 消耗;消费;吃;喝;烧毁 )
词性转换:consumption (n. 消费;消耗);consumer (n. 消费者);consuming (adj. 强烈的)
核心短语:
be consumed with sth. 充满……(情感,如 “be consumed with anxiety” 充满焦虑)
例句:This machine consumes less electricity. / She was consumed with jealousy.
1. contribute ( v. 贡献;捐献;投稿 )
词性转换:contribution (n. 贡献;捐款)
核心短语:
contribute to sth. 促成;有助于;投稿;为…… 做贡献(高考高频多义短语,必背)
contribute sth. to sth. 把某物捐赠给……;把某物投稿给……
考点提示:“contribute to” 中 “to” 为介词,后接名词或动名词;写作中常用 “make a contribution to(为…… 做贡献)”,注意 “contribution” 为可数名词。
例句:Regular exercise contributes to good health. / He contributed a lot of money to the charity.
2. count ( v. 计算;认为;把…… 算入;重要 )
词性转换:count (n. 计数;数量);countless (adj. 无数的)
核心短语:
count on/upon sb./sth. 依靠;指望(高考高频,如 “count on your help” 指望你的帮助)
count as 被视为(如 “count as a success” 被视为成功)
考点提示:“count on” 中 “on” 为介词,后接名词或动名词;“countless” 为高频形容词,阅读中常用。
例句:You can count on me to support you. / This book counts as one of his best works.
3. create ( v. 创造,创作;造成;产生;授予 )
词性转换:creation (n. 创造;作品);creative (adj. 创造性的);creator (n. 创造者)
核心短语:
create sth. 创造;创建;造成(如 “create a new world”“create problems”)
be creative in sth. 在某事上有创造力(写作常用)
考点提示:侧重 “从无到有地创造”,区别于 “invent(发明,侧重具体事物)”“design(设计,侧重规划)”;“creative” 常考,如 “creative thinking(创造性思维)”。
例句:Artists create beauty through their works. / She is very creative in solving problems.
4. damage (v. 损害;毁坏 )
词性转换:damage (n. 损害;损失)
核心短语:
damage sth. 损害;毁坏(侧重 “部分损坏,可修复”,区别于 “destroy(彻底摧毁)”“ruin(毁灭,侧重结果)”)
do damage to sth. 对某物造成损害(名词形式搭配,高考常用)
考点提示:“damage” 作名词时,表 “损害” 为不可数名词,表 “赔偿金” 为可数名词;与 “destroy”“ruin” 的区别是高考易混词辨析重点。
例句:The storm damaged many houses. / Smoking does great damage to your health.
5. debate ( v. 辩论;讨论 )
词性转换:debate (n. 辩论;争论);debater (n. 辩论者)
核心短语:
under debate 正在辩论中(固定表达,阅读常考)
考点提示:侧重 “正式的、有观点对立的辩论”,区别于 “discuss(讨论,侧重交换意见)”;“debate” 后可接 “doing” 或 “whether to do”,不接 “to do”。
例句:They debated whether to accept the offer. / The proposal is still under debate.
6. deliver ( v. 递送;交付;发表(演讲等);接生 )
词性转换:delivery (n. 递送;分娩)
核心短语:
deliver a speech 发表演讲(高考高频场景)
deliver a baby 接生婴儿
考点提示:多义性需注意,“递送物品”“发表演讲”“接生” 是三大常考含义;“delivery” 常考,如 “express delivery(快递)”。
例句:The newspaper is delivered to our door every morning. / He delivered a wonderful speech at the meeting.
7. demand ( v. 要求 )
词性转换:demand (n. 需求;要求);demanding (adj. 要求高的;费力的)
核心短语:
demand that... 要求……(从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,高考重点考点)
in demand 需求量大;受欢迎(固定表达,如 “goods in demand” 畅销商品)
考点提示:“demand” 后接从句的虚拟语气是单选、语法填空重点;“demand” 不可接双宾语,不可说 “demand sb. to do”,需用 “demand that sb. (should) do”。
例句:She demanded that we (should) finish the work at once. / Skilled workers are in great demand.
8. describe ( v. 描述;描绘;把…… 称为 )
词性转换:description (n. 描述;描写);descriptive (adj. 描述性的)
核心短语:
describe sth./sb. (to sb.) (向某人)描述某物 / 某人
describe sth. as sth. 把某物描述为……(高考高频,如 “describe it as amazing” 把它描述为令人惊叹的)
考点提示:“description” 常与 “give”“make” 搭配,如 “give a description of”(描述……);“descriptive” 为阅读高频形容词。
例句:Can you describe your experience to us / He described the city as a modern metropolis.
9. determine (v. 确定;决定;查明)
词性转换:determination (n. 决心;确定);determined (adj. 坚定的;有决心的)
核心短语:
determine to do sth. 决心做某事(表动作,强调一时的决定)
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表状态,强调长期的坚定意志,高考更高频)
determine that.../determine wh-... 查明;确定……(宾语从句常考,如 “determine what happened” 查明发生了什么)
考点提示:区分 “determine to do” 与 “be determined to do” 的用法差异,后者更常考且可用于各种时态;“determined” 常作定语或表语,如 “a determined person”(一个有决心的人)。例句:She determined to study abroad next year. / He is determined to overcome all difficulties.
10. develop (v. 发展;开发;培养;患(病))
词性转换:development (n. 发展;开发);developed (adj. 发达的);developing (adj. 发展中的)
核心短语:
develop sth. 发展;开发;培养(如 “develop economy”“develop a new product”“develop a habit”)
考点提示:“developed” 与 “developing” 是高考高频形容词,常修饰 “country”“region” 等;“develop” 表 “患病” 时,如 “develop a cold”“develop cancer”,易被忽略,需注意语境。
例句:China has developed rapidly in recent years. / She developed a love for painting at an early age.
11. devote (v. 致力于;奉献;把…… 专用于 )
词性转换:devotion (n. 奉献;忠诚);devoted (adj. 忠诚的;献身的)
核心短语:
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事(高考高频,to 为介词,后接名词或动名词)
考点提示:“devote oneself to” 中 “to” 不可接动词原形,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“devoted” 常作定语或表语,如 “a devoted mother”(一位忠诚的母亲)“be devoted to”(致力于……)。
例句:He devoted himself to helping the poor. / She devoted all her energy to her career.
12. differ (v. 不同;有差异;意见不合 )
词性转换:difference (n. 差异;不同);different (adj. 不同的)
核心短语:
differ from sth./sb. 与某物 / 某人不同(高考高频,如 “differ from traditional methods” 与传统方法不同)
differ in sth. 在某方面不同(如 “differ in color” 在颜色上不同)
考点提示:“differ” 为不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词常与 “from” 搭配,“make a difference”(有影响)是高考必背短语。
例句:This book differs from that one in style. / I differ with you on this point.
13. disappoint (v. 使失望 )
词性转换:disappointment (n. 失望;令人失望的人 / 事);disappointed (adj. 感到失望的);disappointing (adj. 令人失望的)
核心短语:
be disappointed at/about sth. 对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb./sth. 对某人 / 某物感到失望
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是(写作常用过渡短语)
考点提示:区分 “disappointed”(修饰人)与 “disappointing”(修饰物)。
例句:Her performance disappointed her parents. / I’m disappointed with the result.
14. discover (v. 发现;发觉 )
词性转换:discovery (n. 发现;发觉)
核心短语:
discover sb. doing sth. 发觉某人做某事
discover that... 发现……(宾语从句常考)
考点提示:区别于 “invent(发明,创造新事物)”“find(找到,发现丢失或存在的事物)”“detect(探测到,发现不易察觉的事物)”,易混词辨析为高考重点。
例句:Columbus discovered America in 1492. / She discovered him reading her diary.
14. divide (v. 划分;分割;分配;除 )
词性转换:division (n. 划分;分割;部门;除法)
核心短语:
divide sth. into sth. 把某物划分为……(高考高频,如 “divide the cake into six pieces” 把蛋糕分成六块)
be divided into 被划分为……(被动式常用)
考点提示:区别于 “separate(分离,使分开,常与 from 搭配)”,如 “divide into” 强调 “整体分部分”,“separate from” 强调 “分离原本在一起的事物”,为高考易混点。
例句:The class is divided into four groups. / She divided the money among her three children.
15. donate (v. 捐赠;捐献 )
词性转换:donation (n. 捐赠;捐赠物);donor (n. 捐赠者)
核心短语:
donate sth. to sb./sth. 把某物捐赠给某人 / 某物(高考高频,如 “donate money to charity” 向慈善机构捐款)
make a donation to 向…… 捐赠(名词形式搭配)
考点提示:“donate” 为及物动词,直接接捐赠物作宾语,后接 “to” 引出捐赠对象;写作中描述公益、慈善话题时常用。
例句:He donated his collection to the museum. / Many people made donations to the flood victims.
16. doubt (v. 怀疑;不相信;n. 怀疑;疑问 )
词性转换:doubtful (adj. 怀疑的;不确定的);undoubtedly (adv. 毫无疑问地)
核心短语:
doubt sth. 怀疑某物
doubt whether/if... 怀疑是否……(宾语从句常考,肯定句中用 whether/if)
no doubt 毫无疑问(写作常用,可放句首或句中)
in doubt 不确定;怀疑(如 “be in doubt about sth.” 对某事不确定)
例句:I doubt whether he can finish the work on time. / No doubt, she is the best candidate.
17. emerge (v. 出现;浮现;显露 )
词性转换:emergence (n. 出现;浮现);emergent (adj. 紧急的;新兴的)
核心短语:
emerge from sth. 从某物中出现;摆脱某物(如 “emerge from the water” 从水中浮现;“emerge from difficulty” 摆脱困境)
考点提示:“emerge” 为不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词 “from”,完形阅读高频。
例句:The sun emerged from behind the clouds. / She emerged as the winner of the competition.
18. employ (v. 雇佣;使用;利用 )
词性转换:employment (n. 雇佣;工作;职业);employer (n. 雇主);employee (n. 雇员);核心短语:
employ sb. as sth. 雇佣某人为……
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事(做)某事(如 “be employed in teaching” 从事教学工作)
考点提示:“employer” 与 “employee” 易混淆,需注意词尾差异。
例句:The company employs 200 people. / She employed her time wisely.
19. encounter (v. 遭遇;遇到;邂逅;n. 遭遇;邂逅 )
核心短语:
have an encounter with sb./sth. 与某人 / 某物相遇 / 遭遇
考点提示:侧重 “意外或偶然遇到”,区别于 “meet(普通见面)”“face(面对,侧重主动应对)”;完形中常考 “遭遇困难、挑战” 的场景。
例句:We encountered a heavy rain on our way.
20. encourage (v. 鼓励;激励;促进 )
词性转换:encouragement (n. 鼓励;激励);encouraging (adj. 令人鼓舞的);encouraged (adj. 受到鼓舞的)
核心短语:
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事(高考高频,必背)
to one’s encouragement 令某人鼓舞的是
考点提示:反义词 “discourage” 用法为 “discourage sb. from doing sth.”,注意动词不定式与介词的差异;区分 “encouraging” 与 “encouraged” 的形容词用法。
例句:Her teacher encouraged her to study abroad. / The news is very encouraging.
1. engage (v. 参与;从事;雇佣;吸引 )
词性转换:engagement (n. 参与;订婚;约会);engaged (adj. 忙碌的;订婚的;投入的)
核心短语:
engage in (doing) sth. 参与 / 从事(做)某事(高考高频,如 “engage in research” 从事研究)
engage sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做某事
engage sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
be engaged in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事
考点提示:多义性为高考难点,需结合语境区分 “参与、雇佣、吸引、订婚” 等含义;“be engaged in” 表 “忙碌” 是常考用法。
例句:He engages in voluntary work every weekend. / She is engaged to a doctor. / The game engaged the children’s attention.
2. entertain (v. 娱乐;使快乐;招待 )
词性转换:entertainment (n. 娱乐;娱乐活动;招待);entertaining (adj. 有趣的;娱乐的)
考点提示:“entertainment” 为不可数名词,表 “娱乐活动” 时可作可数名词;“entertaining” 常修饰 “story”“film” 等,表 “有趣的”。
例句:The clown entertained the children. / She entertained us with funny stories.
3. establish (v. 建立;创立;确立;证实 )
词性转换:establishment (n. 建立;机构;企业);established (adj. 已建立的;公认的)
考点提示:侧重 “建立长期存在的组织、制度或关系”,区别于 “build(建造具体事物)”“found(创立,侧重开创)”;“established” 常考,如 “established traditions”(既定传统)。
例句:The school was established in 1950. / He established his innocence with evidence.
4. head (v. 朝…… 前进;主管;率领 )
词性转换:heading (n. 标题;标题栏)
核心短语:
head for/towards 朝…… 前进(高考高频)
考点提示:作动词 “朝…… 前进” 时,需搭配介词 “for/towards”,完形中常考方向类场景。
例句:We are heading for the mountains this weekend.
5. hesitate (v. 犹豫;迟疑;踌躇 )
词性转换:hesitation (n. 犹豫;迟疑);hesitant (adj. 犹豫的;迟疑的)
核心短语:
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事(高考高频,后接不定式)
without hesitation 毫不犹豫(写作常用短语)
例句:Don’t hesitate to ask for help if you need it. / She spoke without hesitation.
6. host (v. 主持;主办;招待;n. 主人;主持人;东道主 )
词性转换:hostess (n. 女主人;女主持人);hosting (n. 主持;主办)
核心短语:
考点提示:作动词 “主办” 时,主语常为 “城市、国家、机构” 等。
例句:Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics. / She hosted a dinner for her friends.
7. honor (v. 尊敬;尊重;给…… 以荣誉;n. 荣誉;敬意;光荣 )
词性转换:honorable (adj. 光荣的;可敬的);honored (adj. 感到荣幸的)
核心短语:
be honored to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸(高考高频)
in honor of 为了纪念;向…… 表示敬意(写作常用,如 “a ceremony in honor of heroes” 纪念英雄的仪式)
考点提示:注意拼写(美式 honor,英式 honour),高考中两种拼写均认可;“be honored to do sth.” 是情感表达常用结构。
例句:We honor his contribution to science. / I am honored to be your guide.
8. ignore (v. 忽视;不理睬 )
词性转换:ignorance (n. 无知;忽视);ignorant (adj. 无知的;不知道的)
考点提示:区别于 “neglect(疏忽,侧重未给予应有的关注)”“overlook(忽略,侧重因粗心未注意到)”,易混词辨析为高考重点;“ignorant” 常与 “of” 搭配,如 “be ignorant of the fact”(不知道这个事实)。
例句:He ignored all the traffic rules and got fined. / She was ignorant of his true intentions.
9. impress (v. 给…… 留下深刻印象;使钦佩;印;压)
词性转换:impression (n. 印象;感想);impressive (adj. 令人印象深刻的);impressed (adj. 印象深刻的)
核心短语:
impress sb. with sth. 用某物给某人留下深刻印象(高考高频)
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某物(如 “impress the importance on students” 让学生铭记重要性)
be impressed by/with 对…… 印象深刻(如 “be impressed with her performance” 对她的表现印象深刻)
考点提示:区分 “impressive(令人印象深刻的,修饰物)” 与 “impressed(印象深刻的,修饰人)”;“impression” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a good impression”(留下好印象)。
例句:The beautiful scenery impressed us. / He impressed on us the need to work hard.
7. insist (v. 坚持;坚决要求;坚决认为)
词性转换:insistent (adj. 坚持的;坚决的)
核心短语:
insist on (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事(高考高频,on 为介词)
insist that... 坚决要求 / 认为……(宾语从句考点:表 “坚决要求” 时,从句用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”;表 “认为” 时,用陈述语气)
考点提示:宾语从句的语气差异是高考重点,需根据语境判断。
例句:She insists on going there alone. / He insisted that he was innocent.(认为)
8. inspire (v. 激励;鼓舞;启发;赋予灵感 )
词性转换:inspiration (n. 灵感;激励;鼓舞);inspiring (adj. 鼓舞人心的);inspired (adj. 受启发的;有灵感的)
核心短语:
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事(高考高频,必背)
be inspired by 受…… 启发(如 “be inspired by nature” 受自然启发)
考点提示:区分 “inspiring(鼓舞人心的,修饰物)” 与 “inspired(受启发的,修饰人)”;“inspiration” 常与 “draw” 搭配,如 “draw inspiration from”(从…… 中汲取灵感)。
例句:Her story inspired us to work harder. / The artist drew inspiration from his hometown.
9. instruct (v. 指示;命令;指导;教授 )
词性转换:instruction (n. 指示;命令;指导;说明书);instructive (adj. 有益的;有教育意义的)
核心短语:
instruct sb. to do sth. 指示 / 命令某人做某事(高考高频)
instruct sb. in sth. 指导某人某事(如 “instruct students in English” 教学生英语)
follow instructions 听从指示(固定短语,如 “follow the teacher’s instructions” 听从老师的指示)
考点提示:“instruction” 作 “指示” 时常用复数形式;“instructive” 常考,如 “an instructive film”(有教育意义的电影)。
例句:The manager instructed us to finish the task by Friday. / Please read the instructions carefully before using the machine.
10. interact (v. 相互作用;相互影响;交流;互动 )
词性转换:interaction (n. 相互作用;相互影响;交流);interactive (adj. 互动的;相互作用的)
考点提示:“interaction” 常与 “between” 搭配,如 “interaction between people”(人与人之间的交流);“interactive” 常考,如 “interactive teaching”(互动教学),科技、教育话题高频。
例句:Children learn by interacting with others.
11. intend (v. 打算;计划;想要;意指 )
词性转换:intention (n. 意图;打算)
核心短语:
intend to do sth. 打算做某事(高考高频)
intend sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物(如 “intend the gift for my mother” 这礼物是为我妈妈准备的)
be intended for 专为…… 设计;打算给……(如 “the book is intended for children” 这本书是专为儿童设计的)
考点提示:“intend” 的过去式 “intended” 可作形容词,构成 “be intended for” 结构;“intention” 常与 “have” 搭配,如 “have no intention of doing sth.”(无意做某事)。
例句:I intend to study abroad next year. / This course is intended for beginners.
12. interrupt (v. 打断;打扰;中断 )
词性转换:interruption (n. 打断;打扰;中断)
核心短语:
interrupt sb. to do sth. 打断某人做某事(如 “interrupt him to ask a question” 打断他问问题)
考点提示:区别于 “disturb(打扰,侧重干扰他人的平静或专注)”,如 “interrupt” 强调 “中途打断”,“disturb” 强调 “影响安宁”;“interruption” 常与 “cause”“avoid” 搭配。
例句:Sorry to interrupt, but I have an urgent question. / The storm caused an interruption of electricity.
13. involve (v. 涉及;包含;使卷入;使参与)
词性转换:involvement (n. 涉及;参与;卷入);involved (adj. 涉及的;卷入的;复杂的)
核心短语:
involve doing sth. 涉及做某事(高考高频,后接动名词)
be involved with 与…… 有关联;与…… 有交往
考点提示:“involve” 后接 “doing” 而非 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“involved” 作定语时,前置表 “复杂的”,后置表 “涉及的”,如 “an involved problem”(复杂的问题)“people involved”(涉及的人)。
例句:The job involves traveling abroad. / She was involved in organizing the event.
14. judge (v. 判断;评判;裁决;认为;n. 法官;裁判;审判员)
词性转换:judgment/judgement (n. 判断;评判;裁决)
核心短语:
judging by/from 依…… 判断(常作状语,如 “Judging from his accent, he is from the south.”)
考点提示:“judging by/from” 为固定结构,不受句子主语影响;“judgment” 为可数名词,常与 “make”“pass” 搭配,如 “make a wrong judgment”(做出错误判断)。
例句补充:The judge passed judgment on the criminal. / Judging by her smile, she was satisfied with the result.
15.launch (v. 发起;发动;推出;发射;n. 发起;发射;推出 )
考点提示:常与 “campaign”“product”“satellite” 等名词搭配,政治、商业、科技话题阅读高频;作名词时,如 “the launch of a new book”(新书发布会),也是常考场景。
例句:The company launched a new smartphone last month.
16. lead (v. 领导;带领;导致;n. 领导;领先;铅 )
词性转换:leader (n. 领导者;领袖);leadership (n. 领导能力;领导阶层);leading (adj. 主要的;领先的)
核心短语:
lead sb. to sth./sp. 带领某人到某物 / 某地;引导某人得出(结论等)(高考高频)
lead to sth. 导致某事(如 “lead to failure” 导致失败,to 为介词)
take the lead 带头;领先(固定短语)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “led”,易与 “lead(原形)” 混淆,语法填空常考;“leading” 常考,如 “leading role”(主角)“leading scientist”(顶尖科学家)。
例句:He led us to the meeting room. / Smoking can lead to lung cancer. / She took the lead in the competition.
17. limit (v. 限制;限定;n. 限制;限度)
词性转换:limited (adj. 有限的);limitation (n. 限制;局限性)
核心短语:
be limited by sth. 被某物限制(如 “be limited by time” 受时间限制)
within limits 在合理范围内(固定短语)
考点提示:“limited” 常考,如 “limited resources”(有限的资源)“limited time”(有限的时间);“limitation” 常表 “自身局限性”,如 “admit one’s limitations”(承认自己的局限性)。
例句:We must limit our spending. / The number of participants is limited to 50.
18. link (v. 连接;联系;n. 链接;纽带;联系)
词性转换:linked (adj. 连接的;有联系的)
核心短语:
link A to/with B 把 A 和 B 连接 / 联系起来(高考高频,如 “link theory to practice” 理论联系实际)
be linked to/with 与…… 连接 / 联系
click the link 点击链接(网络相关,阅读常考)
考点提示:区别于 “connect(连接,侧重物理或逻辑关联)”“combine(结合,侧重融合为一体)”,易混词辨析常考;“link” 作名词 “链接” 时,网络话题高频。
例句:The two cities are linked by a new highway. / There is a close link between diet and health.
19. locate (v. 确定…… 的位置;把…… 设置在;位于)
词性转换:location (n. 位置;地点);located (adj. 位于…… 的)
核心短语:
be located in/at/on 位于……(高考高频,如 “the school is located in the city center” 学校位于市中心)
例句:The police used GPS to locate the stolen car.
20. manage (v. 管理;经营;设法做到;应付 )
词性转换:manager (n. 经理;管理者);management (n. 管理;经营)
核心短语:
manage to do sth. 设法做到某事(高考高频,强调成功做到,区别于 “try to do sth.”)
考点提示:“manage to do sth.” 与 “try to do sth.” 的区别是高考重点,前者表 “成功”,后者表 “尝试”;“management” 常考,如 “business management”(企业管理)。
例句:He managed to finish the work on time. / She manages a restaurant downtown.
1. matter (v. 重要;有关系;n. 事情;问题;物质)
核心短语:
matter to sb. 对某人重要(如 “your opinion matters to me” 你的意见对我很重要)
例句:Does it matter if we are late / No matter what happens, I will support you.
2. mean (v. 意思是;意味着;打算;adj. 吝啬的;刻薄的)
词性转换:meaning (n. 意思;含义);meaningful (adj. 有意义的);meaningless (adj. 无意义的)
核心短语:
mean to do sth. 打算做某事(高考高频)
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(高考高频,需与 “mean to do” 区分)
be meant to do sth. 应该做某事;旨在做某事(如 “this book is meant to teach English” 这本书旨在教英语)
例句:I didn’t mean to hurt you. / Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
3. measure (v. 测量;衡量;评估;n. 测量;措施;尺寸)
核心短语:
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事(高考高频,必背,如 “take measures to protect the environment” 采取措施保护环境)
考点提示:“take measures to do sth.” 中 “measures” 常用复数形式。
例句:We need to measure the room before buying furniture. / The government took strict measures to control prices.
4. miss (v. 错过;想念;丢失;未击中)
词性转换:missing (adj. 丢失的;失踪的;缺少的);missed (adj. 错过的;未被击中的)
核心短语:
miss doing sth. 错过做某事(如 “miss seeing the film” 错过看这部电影)
考点提示:“missing” 常作定语或表语,如 “a missing child”(失踪的孩子)“my wallet is missing”(我的钱包丢了);区别于 “lost(丢失的,侧重找不回)”,“missing” 侧重 “暂时找不到”。
例句:I missed the beginning of the movie. / She has been missing for three days.
5. motivate (v. 激励;激发;促使 )
词性转换:motivation (n. 动机;激励);motivated (adj. 有动机的;积极的);motivating (adj. 激励人的)
核心短语:
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事(高考高频,如 “motivate students to study” 激励学生学习)
be motivated by sth. 受某物激励(如 “be motivated by curiosity” 受好奇心驱使)
考点提示:区别于 “inspire(鼓舞,侧重精神上的启发)”,“motivate” 侧重 “通过外部因素促使行动”;“motivation” 常考,如 “learning motivation”(学习动机)。
例句:Her success motivated me to work harder. / He is highly motivated to achieve his goal.
6. object (v. 反对;拒绝;n. 物体;目标;宾语)
核心短语:
object to sth./doing sth. 反对某物 / 做某事(高考高频,to 为介词,后接名词或动名词)
考点提示:“object” 作动词时,必须搭配 “to” 后接宾语,不可直接接 “doing”;区别于 “oppose(反对,及物动词,后直接接宾语,如 oppose the plan)”,易混词辨析常考。
例句:Many people object to building a new factory here. / She raised an objection to the proposal.
7. observe (v. 观察;注意到;遵守;庆祝 )
词性转换:observation (n. 观察;观测;遵守)
核心短语:
observe sth./sb. 观察 / 注意到某物 / 某人;遵守某物;庆祝某物(高考多义重点)
observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
考点提示:多义性需结合语境区分,“遵守” 和 “庆祝” 易被忽略;“observation” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make an observation”(进行观察)。
例句:The scientist observed the behavior of animals. / Everyone must observe traffic regulations.
8. occupy (v. 占用;占据;使忙碌;占领 )
词性转换:occupation (n. 职业;占用;占领);occupied (adj. 忙碌的;被占用的;被占领的)
核心短语:
be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 忙于某物 / 做某事(高考高频,如 “be occupied with work” 忙于工作)
考点提示:“occupation” 作 “职业” 讲时为高考高频名词,如 “what’s your occupation ”(你的职业是什么?);“occupied” 表 “忙碌的” 时,易与 “busy” 替换。
例句:The meeting occupied three hours. / She is occupied in preparing for the exam.
9. occur (v. 发生;出现;想起 )
词性转换:occurrence (n. 发生;出现;事件)
核心短语:
occur to sb. (想法、主意等)被某人想起;出现在某人脑海中
it occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……(固定句型,高考重点)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “occurred”,易拼错为 “occured”;区别于 “happen(偶然发生)”“take place(有计划发生)”,“occur” 更强调 “自然出现或被想起”。
例句:It occurred to her that she had forgotten her keys. / Earthquakes often occur in this area.
10. offer (v. 提供;提议;出价 )
核心短语:
offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物(高考高频双宾语结构)
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事(如 “offer to help” 主动帮忙)
accept/reject an offer 接受 / 拒绝提议 / 出价
考点提示:双宾语结构是重点,可互换使用;“offer” 作 “出价” 讲时,如 “offer 100 yuan for the book”(为这本书出价 100 元),常与 “for” 搭配。
例句:He offered me a cup of tea. / She offered to drive me home.
11. operate (v. 操作;运转;经营;动手术)
词性转换:operation (n. 操作;运转;经营;手术)
核心短语:
operate on sb. 给某人动手术
be in operation 正在运转 / 运营 / 实施中
例句:He can operate various kinds of equipment. / The doctor will operate on her tomorrow.
12. originate (v. 起源;发源;创立;发起 )
词性转换:origin (n. 起源;根源;出身);original (adj. 最初的;原始的;原创的;n. 原作;原件);origination (n. 起源;创立)
核心短语:
originate from/in sth. 起源于 / 发源于某物
例句:This style of music originated in Brazil. / He originated a new method of teaching.
13. overcome (v. 克服;战胜;胜过;使受不了)
词性转换:overcome (过去式 / 过去分词,原形同形);overcoming (n. 克服;战胜)
核心短语:
overcome sth. 克服 / 战胜 / 胜过某物(如 “overcome difficulties” 克服困难;“overcome fear” 战胜恐惧;“overcome rivals” 战胜对手)
be overcome with sth. 被某物使受不了(如 “be overcome with joy” 欣喜若狂)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “overcome”,需注意不规则变化;完形中常考 “克服困难、恐惧” 等场景,写作中可用于描述成长、挑战类话题。
例句:She overcame many obstacles to succeed. / He was overcome with sadness at the news.
14. participate (v. 参加;参与 )
词性转换:participation (n. 参加;参与);participant (n. 参与者;参加者)
核心短语:
participate in sth. 参加 / 参与某物
考点提示:“participate” 为不及物动词,必须搭配 “in” 后接宾语;区别于 “take part in(普通参加)”“join(加入组织、团体)”,“participate” 更正式,书面语常用。
例句:All students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities. / Her participation made the event more successful.
15. perform (v. 表演;演出;执行;履行;表现 )
词性转换:performance (n. 表演;演出;执行;表现);performer (n. 表演者;执行者)
考点提示:多义性需结合语境区分;“performance” 是高考高频名词,如 “give a performance”(表演)“academic performance”(学业表现)。
例句:The actor performed brilliantly in the movie. / She performed her duties faithfully.
16. permit (v. 允许;许可;n. 许可证;执照 )
词性转换:permission (n. 允许;许可)
核心短语:
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(高考高频)
permit doing sth. 允许做某事(如 “the rules don’t permit smoking” 规定不允许吸烟)
with/without permission 经 / 未经允许(固定短语)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “permitted”;区别于 “allow(普通允许)”,“permit” 更正式,常指 “官方或规则允许”;“permission” 常与 “ask for” 搭配,如 “ask for permission”(请求允许)。
例句:My parents don’t permit me to stay out late. / You can’t enter without permission.
17. persuade (v. 说服;劝说;使相信 )
词性转换:persuasion (n. 说服;劝说);persuasive (adj. 有说服力的;劝诱的)
核心短语:
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事(高考高频,强调成功说服)
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事(如 “persuade him of the truth” 使他相信真相)
考点提示:区别于 “advise(建议,不强调是否成功)”,“persuade” 侧重 “成功说服”;“persuasive” 常考,如 “a persuasive speech”(有说服力的演讲)。
例句:I persuaded her to go to the doctor. / He persuaded me of his innocence.
18. practise (v. 练习;实践;从事 )
词性转换:practice (n. 练习;实践;习惯;业务);practical (adj. 实际的;实用的;实践的)
核心短语:
practise doing sth. 练习 / 实践做某事
put sth. into practice 把某物付诸实践(如 “put theory into practice” 理论联系实际)
考点提示:注意拼写(英式 practise,美式 practice),动词形式常考后接 “doing”;“practical” 是高考高频形容词,如 “practical experience”(实践经验)“practical advice”(实用建议)。
例句:She practises playing the violin every day. / We need to put our plans into practice.
19. prefer (v. 更喜欢;偏爱;宁愿 )
词性转换:preference (n. 偏爱;偏好;优先权);preferable (adj. 更可取的;更好的)
核心短语:
prefer sth. to sth. 比起某物更喜欢某物(高考高频,to 为介词)
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(固定句型)
考点提示:“prefer...to...” 中 “to” 是介词,不可接动词原形;“preferable” 常与 “to” 搭配,如 “this option is preferable to that one”(这个选项比那个更好)。
例句:I prefer tea to coffee. / She prefers to stay at home rather than go out.
20. prepare (v. 准备;预备;使有准备)
词性转换:preparation (n. 准备;预备;准备工作);prepared (adj. 准备好的;有准备的)
核心短语:
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备(高考高频,如 “prepare for the exam” 为考试做准备)
be prepared for sth. 为某事做好准备(如 “be prepared for difficulties” 为困难做好准备)
make preparations for 为…… 做准备(名词形式搭配,与 “prepare for” 同义)
考点提示:“prepare sth.” 与 “prepare for sth.” 的区别是重点,前者表 “准备具体事物”,后者表 “为某事做筹备”;“be prepared for” 强调 “主观上做好准备的状态”。
例句:She is preparing dinner for her family. / We need to prepare for the coming competition.
1. preserve (v. 保护;维护;保存;腌制 )
词性转换:preservation (n. 保护;维护;保存);preservative (adj. 防腐的;n. 防腐剂)
例句:We must preserve our natural resources. / This museum preserves many ancient artifacts.
2. present (v. 呈现;提出;赠送;颁发;adj. 现在的;出席的;n. 礼物;现在)
词性转换:presentation (n. 呈现;展示;报告;赠送)
核心短语:
present sth. to sb. 向某人呈现 / 提出 / 赠送 / 颁发某物(高考高频)
be present at 出席……(如 “be present at the meeting” 出席会议)
at present 目前;现在(固定短语,写作常用)
例句:She presented her findings to the committee. / At present, he is working in Beijing.
3. pretend (v. 假装;伪装;假扮)
词性转换:pretended (adj. 假装的;伪装的)
核心短语:
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
考点提示:“pretend” 后接 “to do”,不可接 “doing”;注意与 “pretend to be doing”(假装正在做)、“pretend to have done”(假装做过)的时态差异,语法填空可能涉及。
例句:He pretended not to hear me. / She pretended that she didn’t care about the result.
4. process (v. 加工;处理;审核;n. 过程;进程;工序 )
词性转换:processing (n. 加工;处理);processor (n. 处理器;加工者)
核心短语:
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中(固定短语,写作常用)
考点提示:“process” 作动词 “处理” 时,是科技、办公场景高频词;作名词 “过程” 时,常与 “go through” 搭配,如 “go through a process”(经历一个过程)。
例句:The factory processes raw materials into finished products. / We are in the process of improving our service.
5. promote (v. 促进;推动;提升;宣传;促销 )
词性转换:promotion (n. 促进;提升;宣传;促销);promotional (adj. 促销的;宣传的)
例句:The government took measures to promote economic growth. / She was promoted to director last year.
6. propose (v. 提议;建议;打算;求婚 )
词性转换:proposal (n. 提议;建议;求婚);proposer (n. 提议者;求婚者)
核心短语:
propose doing sth. 提议做某事(高考高频,如 “propose having a meeting” 提议开个会)
propose that... 提议 / 建议……(宾语从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,如 “propose that we (should) start early” 建议我们早点出发)
考点提示:宾语从句的虚拟语气是重点;区别于 “suggest(建议,用法相近,但 “suggest” 还可接 “sb. doing”)”,注意搭配差异。
例句:He proposed changing the plan. / She accepted his proposal of marriage.
7. publish (v. 出版;发行;发表;公布 )
词性转换:publication (n. 出版;发行;发表;公布);publisher (n. 出版商;出版机构)
例句:The company publishes many educational books. / The results of the exam will be published tomorrow.
8. pursue (v. 追求;追赶;从事;继续 )
词性转换:pursuit (n. 追求;追赶;职业;爱好);pursuing (adj. 追求的;追赶的)
考点提示:“pursuit” 常考,如 “career pursuit”(职业追求)“academic pursuit”(学术追求);写作中描述 “追求目标、梦想” 常用。
例句:He has been pursuing his goal all his life. / She works hard in pursuit of success.
9. qualify (v. (使)具有资格;(使)合格;限定 )
词性转换:qualification (n. 资格;资质;限定条件);qualified (adj. 有资格的;合格的;限定的)
核心短语:
qualify (sb.) for sth. (使某人)具有…… 资格 / 合格
考点提示:“qualification” 是高考高频名词,如 “have the qualification for”(具备…… 的资格);“qualified” 常作定语或表语,使用频率高。
例句:Her experience qualifies her for the position. / He qualified as a lawyer last year.
10. quit (v. 放弃;停止;辞职;离开 )
词性转换:quit (过去式 / 过去分词,原形同形);quitter (n. 轻易放弃的人)
核心短语:
quit doing sth. 放弃 / 停止做某事(高考高频,如 “quit smoking” 戒烟;“quit working” 辞职;“quit studying” 放弃学习)
quit sth. 放弃 / 离开某物(如 “quit the team” 离开球队;“quit the job” 辞职)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “quit”(也可写为 “quitted”);“quit doing” 是固定搭配,不可接 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误。
例句:He decided to quit smoking for his health. / She quit her job to travel around the world.
11. raise (v. 举起;提高;筹集;养育;提出;种植 )
词性转换:raise (n. 加薪;提升)
核心短语:
raise sth. 举起 / 提高 / 筹集 / 养育 / 提出 / 种植某物(高考多义重点,如 “raise hands” 举手;“raise salary” 加薪;“raise money” 筹集资金;“raise children” 养育孩子;“raise questions” 提出问题;“raise crops” 种植庄稼)
考点提示:区别于 “rise(上升,不及物动词,无被动)”,“raise” 为及物动词,有被动语态;多义性中 “筹集、提出” 易被忽略,需结合语境判断。
例句:She raised her voice to be heard. / They raised a lot of money for charity.
12. react (v. 反应;作出反应;回应;起化学反应)
词性转换:reaction (n. 反应;回应;化学反应);reactive (adj. 反应的;易反应的)
核心短语:
react to sth. 对某物作出反应 / 回应
考点提示:“reaction” 常与 “have”“show” 搭配,如 “have a quick reaction”(反应迅速)“show a positive reaction”(表现出积极反应);科技、情感话题高频。
例句:How did he react to your suggestion / The chemical reacts with water.
13. realize (v. 意识到;认识到;实现;了解)
词性转换:realization (n. 意识到;认识到;实现);realistic (adj. 现实的;实际的)
核心短语:
realize sth. 意识到 / 认识到 / 实现某物(高考多义重点,如 “realize one’s dream” 实现梦想;“realize the mistake” 意识到错误;“realize the importance” 认识到重要性)
realize that... 意识到 / 认识到……(宾语从句常考)
考点提示:区别于 “recognize(认出;识别,侧重辨认熟悉的人 / 物)”,易混词辨析为高考重点;“realize” 表 “实现” 时,主语常为 “人” 或 “梦想、目标” 等。
例句:She finally realized her dream of becoming a doctor. / I realized that I had made a mistake.
14. recognize (v. 认出;识别;承认;认可 )
词性转换:recognition (n. 认出;识别;承认;认可)
核心短语:
recognize sth. as sth. 承认 / 认可某物为某物(如 “recognize his talent as a musician” 认可他作为音乐家的天赋)
be recognized as 被公认为……(如 “be recognized as a hero” 被公认为英雄)
例句:I didn’t recognize her with short hair. / This film is recognized as a classic. / She received recognition for her outstanding work.
15.recommend (v. 推荐;建议;介绍 )
词性转换:recommendation (n. 推荐;建议;推荐信)
核心短语:
recommend sth./sb. (to sb.) (向某人)推荐某物 / 某人(高考高频,如 “recommend a book” 推荐一本书;“recommend a candidate” 推荐候选人)
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事(如 “recommend taking a taxi” 建议坐出租车)
recommend that... 建议……(宾语从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,如 “recommend that we (should) start early” 建议我们早点出发)
考点提示:宾语从句的虚拟语气是重点;“recommendation” 常与 “make”“follow” 搭配,如 “make a recommendation”(提出建议)“follow one’s recommendation”(听从某人的建议)。
例句:I recommend this restaurant to you. / She recommended that we read the novel.
16. recover (v. 恢复;康复;找回;挽回 )
词性转换:recovery (n. 恢复;康复;找回)
核心短语:
recover from sth. 从某物中恢复 / 康复(高考高频,如 “recover from illness” 从疾病中康复;“recover from failure” 从失败中恢复)
recover sth. 找回 / 挽回某物(如 “recover lost money” 找回丢失的钱;“recover reputation” 挽回声誉)
例句:He is still recovering from the accident. / The police recovered the stolen jewels.
17. reduce (v. 减少;降低;缩小;简化 )
词性转换:reduction (n. 减少;降低;缩小)
核心短语:
reduce sth. (by/to sth.) 减少 / 降低某物(幅度 / 至程度)
考点提示:“by” 表 “减少的幅度”,“to” 表 “减少后的结果”,介词搭配是重点;“reduction” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a reduction”(降价 / 减量)。
例句:We need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. / The shop made a 10% reduction on all goods.
18. refer (v. 参考;查阅;提及;涉及;提交)
词性转换:reference (n. 参考;查阅;提及;参考文献)
核心短语:
with reference to 关于……(固定短语,写作常用,如 “with reference to your letter” 关于你的来信)
考点提示:多义性需结合语境区分,“参考、提及” 为高频含义;过去式和过去分词均为 “referred”,易拼错为 “refered”。
例句:Please refer to the instructions before using. / With reference to your question, I will reply tomorrow.
19. reflect (v. 反射;反映;思考;反省)
词性转换:reflection (n. 反射;反映;思考;倒影);reflective (adj. 反射的;沉思的)
核心短语:
reflect on/upon sth. 思考 / 反省某物
be reflected in sth. 被反映在某物中
考点提示:多义性中 “反映、思考” 为高频考点;“reflection” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a reflection”(进行思考)。
例句:The lake reflected the beautiful sunset. / She reflected on her past experiences.
20. refuse (v. 拒绝;回绝;不愿)
词性转换:refusal (n. 拒绝;回绝)
核心短语:
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事(高考高频,如 “refuse to cooperate” 拒绝合作)
考点提示:区别于 “decline(婉拒,语气较委婉)”“reject(拒绝,侧重不接受某物,语气较坚决)”,易混词辨析为高考重点。
例句:He refused my offer of help. / She refused to tell me the truth.
1. regard (v. 认为;看待;尊敬;n. 尊敬;问候;方面 )
词性转换:regard (n. 尊敬;问候);regarding (prep. 关于);regardless (adj. 不管不顾的;adv. 不管怎样)
核心短语:
regard sth./sb. as sth. 认为 / 看待某物 / 某人为某物
with regard to 关于……(固定短语,与 “with reference to” 同义,写作常用)
regardless of 不管;不顾(固定短语,如 “regardless of age” 不管年龄)
例句:I regard this as a great opportunity. / With regard to your request, we will consider it carefully. / He went out regardless of the rain.
2. release (v. 释放;发布;发行;松开;n. 释放;发布;发行 )
词性转换:release (n. 释放;发布;发行);releasable (adj. 可释放的;可发行的)
release sth. from sth. 从某物中释放某物(如 “release energy from food” 从食物中释放能量)
例句:The company released a new product last month. / He released her from the promise.
3. relieve (v. 缓解;减轻;解除;救济;接替 )
词性转换:relief (n. 缓解;减轻;救济;宽慰)
核心短语:
relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的某物;帮某人分担某物(如 “relieve him of his duties” 解除他的职务;“relieve her of the burden” 帮她分担负担)
to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是(写作常用过渡短语)
例句:This medicine can relieve your headache. / To my relief, he arrived safely.
4. remind (v. 提醒;使想起 )
词性转换:reminder (n. 提醒物;提示);reminding (adj. 提醒的)
核心短语:
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某物;提醒某人某物
例句:The photo reminds me of our trip to Paris. / She reminded me to lock the door.
5. remove (v. 移除;去除;移动;开除;搬迁 )
词性转换:removal (n. 移除;去除;搬迁;开除);removable (adj. 可移除的;可移动的)
核心短语:
remove sth./sb. (from sth.) (从某物中)移除 / 去除 / 开除某物 / 某人;搬迁某物 / 某人考点提示:多义性中 “移除、去除” 为高频考点;区别于 “move(普通移动,侧重位置改变)”,“remove” 侧重 “彻底移除或去除”。
例句:Please remove your shoes before entering. / He was removed from his position for corruption.
6. reply (v. 回答;答复;n. 回答;答复 )
词性转换:reply (n. 回答;答复);replied (adj. 已答复的)
核心短语:
reply to sth./sb. 回答 / 答复某物 / 某人
例句:She replied to my message immediately. / He gave no reply to my question.
7. represent (v. 代表;象征;表现;描绘 )
词性转换:representation (n. 代表;象征;表现;描绘);representative (adj. 代表性的;典型的;n. 代表)
例句:He represents his country in the international meeting. / The red color represents passion.
8. require (v. 需要;要求;命令 )
词性转换:requirement (n. 需要;要求;必要条件);required (adj. 必需的;要求的)
核心短语:
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事(高考高频)
require that... 要求 / 命令……(宾语从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,如 “require that all students (should) attend” 要求所有学生参加)
require doing sth. 需要做某事(主动形式表被动含义,如 “the room requires cleaning” 房间需要打扫)
考点提示:宾语从句的虚拟语气和 “require doing” 的被动含义是重点;“requirement” 常与 “meet” 搭配,如 “meet the requirements”(满足要求)。
例句:The job requires patience and skill. / The law requires everyone to pay taxes. / This machine requires repairing.
9. rescue (v. 营救;救援;n. 营救;救援 )
词性转换:rescue (n. 营救;救援);rescuer (n. 营救者;救援人员)
核心短语:
carry out a rescue 实施营救
come to one’s rescue 营救某人;帮某人解围(如 “she came to my rescue when I was in trouble” 我遇到困难时她帮了我)
例句:The firefighters rescued three people from the burning building. / A helicopter was sent to carry out the rescue mission.
10. reserve (v. 预订;保留;储备;预定;n. 储备;预订;保护区 )
词性转换:reservation (n. 预订;保留;储备);reserved (adj. 预订的;保留的;内向的)
核心短语:
make a reservation 预订;预约
例句:I reserved a ticket for the concert online. / You need to make a reservation in advance.
11. respect (v. 尊重;尊敬;重视;遵守;n. 尊重;尊敬;方面 )
词性转换:respectful (adj. 尊敬的;恭敬的);respected (adj. 受尊敬的;值得尊敬的);respectable (adj. 体面的;值得尊敬的)
核心短语:
show respect for sth./sb. 对某物 / 某人表示尊重
in respect of 关于;就…… 而言
考点提示:区分 “respectful”(对人尊敬的,修饰行为者)、“respected”(受人尊敬的,修饰被尊重者)、“respectable”(体面的,强调社会认可)。
例句:Everyone should respect the law. / She is a respected teacher in the school.
12. respond (v. 回应;作出反应;回答;响应 )
词性转换:response (n. 回应;反应;回答;响应)
核心短语:
respond to sth./sb. 回应 / 作出反应 / 回答 / 响应某物 / 某人
考点提示:区别于 “reply(回答,侧重书面或口头答复,需接 to)”,“respond” 侧重 “对刺激或请求作出反应”。
例句:He failed to respond to my message. / The company responded quickly to the market changes.
13. result (v. 导致;结果是;n. 结果;后果;成绩 )
核心短语:
result in sth. 导致某事(高考高频,主语为 “原因”)
result from sth. 由某事导致(主语为 “结果”)
as a result 结果;因此
as a result of 由于;因为
例句:Carelessness resulted in his failure. / His failure resulted from carelessness. / As a result, he missed the opportunity.
14. retire (v. 退休;退职;退出;退役 )
词性转换:retirement (n. 退休;退职;退役);retired (adj. 退休的;退职的;退役的)
核心短语:
retire from sth. 从某物(职位、岗位等)退休 / 退职 / 退役
例句:He plans to retire from his position next year. / My grandfather is retired and lives happily.
15. reward (v. 奖励;奖赏;回报;n. 奖励;奖赏;回报;报酬 )
词性转换:rewarding (adj. 有回报的;值得的)
核心短语:
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事奖励 / 奖赏某人
in reward for 作为对…… 的奖励 / 回报(固定短语)
考点提示:区别于 “award(授予,侧重官方或正式奖励,如 award a prize)”,“reward” 侧重 “因努力、善行等给予的回报”。
例句:The company rewarded employees for their hard work. / She received a medal in reward for her bravery.
16. rush (v. 冲;奔;仓促行事;催促;n. 冲;匆忙;热潮;adj. 匆忙的;紧急的 )
核心短语:
rush into sth. 仓促做某事(如 “rush into marriage” 仓促结婚)
in a rush 匆忙地(固定短语,如 “leave in a rush” 匆忙离开)
考点提示:“rush” 作动词 “催促” 时,常与 “sb. to do sth.” 搭配,如 “rush me to finish” 催促我完成;完形中常考 “匆忙行事” 的场景。
例句:She rushed to catch the last bus. / Don’t rush; take your time.
17. satisfy (v. 满足;使满意;使确信;符合 )
词性转换:satisfaction (n. 满足;满意;称心);satisfied (adj. 感到满足的;满意的);satisfying (adj. 令人满足的;令人满意的);satisfactory (adj. 令人满意的;符合要求的)
核心短语:
be satisfied with 对…… 感到满意
to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
例句:The service satisfied all the guests. / To my satisfaction, he passed the exam.
18. scare (v. 使害怕;使恐惧;受惊吓;n. 害怕;恐惧;惊吓 )
词性转换:scared (adj. 感到害怕的;恐惧的);scary (adj. 令人害怕的;恐怖的)
核心短语:
scare sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓得某人做 / 不做某事
be scared of sth./doing sth. 害怕某物 / 做某事
例句:The loud noise scared me. / She was scared of walking in the dark.
19. schedule (v. 安排;计划;为…… 安排时间;n. 日程表;计划表;时刻表 )
词性转换:scheduled (adj. 安排好的;预定的)
核心短语:
be scheduled to do sth. 预定做某事
ahead of schedule 提前
on schedule 按时;按计划
例句:We scheduled a meeting for tomorrow. / The project was completed ahead of schedule.
20. secure (v. 获得;取得;保护;使安全;adj. 安全的;可靠的;稳固的)
词性转换:security (n. 安全;保障;保安)
核心短语:
be secure about sth. 对某物感到放心(如 “be secure about one’s future” 对自己的未来感到放心)
考点提示:“secure” 作 “获得” 讲时,侧重 “通过努力确保获得”;“security” 是高考高频名词。
例句:He finally secured a place at the university. / We need to improve national security.

1. seek (v. 寻找;寻求;征求;试图 )
词性转换:seeker (n. 寻找者;寻求者)
核心短语:
seek to do sth. 试图做某事(如 “seek to improve” 试图改进;“seek to solve the problem” 试图解决问题)
seek after sth. 追求某物(如 “seek after fame” 追求名利)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “sought”,易混拼;区别于 “look for(普通寻找,侧重动作)”“find(找到,侧重结果)”,“seek” 更正式,侧重 “有目的的寻求”。
例句:They sought help from the police. / She sought to explain her mistake.
2. select (v. 选择;挑选;选拔;adj. 精选的;挑选出来的 )
词性转换:selection (n. 选择;挑选;选拔;选集);selective (adj. 选择性的;有选择的)
考点提示:区别于 “choose(普通选择,侧重主观意愿)”“pick(挑选,侧重快速或随意选择)”,“select” 更强调 “根据标准精心挑选”;“selection” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a selection”(做出选择)。
例句:She was selected to represent the school in the competition. / The store has a wide selection of toys.
3. sense (v. 感觉到;意识到;察觉;理解;n. 感觉;感官;意识;意义 )
词性转换:sensible (adj. 明智的;合理的;觉察到的);sensitive (adj. 敏感的;灵敏的;易受影响的);sensation (n. 感觉;轰动;轰动一时的事)
核心短语:
make sense 有意义;讲得通(固定短语,如 “this sentence doesn’t make sense” 这个句子讲不通)
make sense of 理解;弄明白(如 “make sense of the problem” 弄明白这个问题)
例句:I could sense her anxiety. / His explanation made no sense to me.
4. separate (v. 分开;分离;隔开;区分;adj. 分开的;分离的;单独的 )
词性转换:separation (n. 分开;分离;隔开);separated (adj. 分开的;分离的)
核心短语:
separate A from B 把 A 和 B 分开 / 分离 / 区分(高考高频,如“separate right from wrong” 区分对错)
be separated from 与…… 分开 / 分离(如 “be separated from family” 与家人分离)
考点提示:区别于 “divide(分割,侧重把整体分成部分,常与 into 搭配)”,“separate” 侧重 “把原本在一起的事物分开,常与 from 搭配”;“separated” 作形容词时,表 “分开的”。例句:The river separates the two villages. / She was separated from her brother during the war.
5. serve (v. 服务;招待;供应;服役;适合 )
词性转换:service (n. 服务;服务机构;维修服务);servant (n. 仆人;服务员)
核心短语:
serve as sth. 充当某物;起某物的作用(如 “serve as a bridge” 充当桥梁;“serve as a reminder” 起提醒作用)
例句:The restaurant serves delicious seafood. / This box can serve as a seat.
6. settle (v. 定居;安顿;解决;定居;平息 )
词性转换:settlement (n. 定居;定居点;解决;协议);settled (adj. 定居的;稳定的;解决的)
核心短语:
settle down 定居;安顿下来;静下心来
考点提示:“settle down to doing sth.” 中 “to” 为介词,后接动名词。
例句:They finally settled the argument. / She plans to settle down after graduation.
7. shake (v. 摇动;摇晃;颤抖;握手;n. 摇动;摇晃;颤抖 )
词性转换:shaking (n. 摇动;颤抖);shaky (adj. 摇晃的;不稳定的;颤抖的)
核心短语:
shake sth./sb. 摇动 / 摇晃 / 颤抖某物 / 某人;与某人握手
shake one’s head 摇头(表示不同意或否定)
考点提示:过去式 “shook”,过去分词 “shaken”,语法填空常考不规则变化第02讲 高考高频动词知识点讲解
01考情概览
2025年全国一卷总词数为3443个,去重后1014个。其中,课标词785个,占比77.4%;课标词的派生、合成词168个占比16.6%;课标未收、教材未学词150个,占比14.7%;课标外词61个,占6.0%。
02考情分析
在词汇考察上注重熟词生义、一词多义的语境化用,empty、stuff、store、spare的动词用法都被放到了选项中考察。此外,全卷中高频出现了构词法衍生词,需要根据构词法推出词义,要求准确掌握单词的词性转换、词形变换;文章中还出现了很多合成词,如decarbonize、 breakdown、lightweight、electrified、redesign、mobility、rethink、microplastics、hardness、severity、unsung、giveaways、cutting-edge、minimalist、conceptual。
03备考策略
在2026届高考备考过程中要摒弃独立背单词的模式,强化词汇语境化学习和构词法扩展。通过阅读外刊、英文小说、真题语篇等,在真实语境中理解记忆单词。积累一词多义、熟词生义现象,进行词义推测训练,努力实现单词的“活学活用”。
一、考点精讲
1. absorb (v. 吸收;理解;使专心;承受(压力等))
词性转换:absorption (n. 吸收;专注)
核心短语:
absorb oneself in (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事
be absorbed in (doing) sth. 被…… 吸引;专心于……(常考被动结构)
考点提示:完形填空常考 “专心” 场景,写作中可用于描述学习、研究状态。
例句:She was so absorbed in reading that she didn’t hear the doorbell.
2. access (v. 使用;获取;接近 )
词性转换:accessible (adj. 可到达的;可使用的;易接近的);accessibility (n. 可及性)
核心短语:
have access to sth. 有机会使用 / 接触某物(高考必背,尤其在教育、科技话题中)
access to sth. (某物的)使用权 / 通道
考点提示:单选常考固定搭配 “have access to”,且 to 为介词;写作中可描述 “获取资源、信息” 等。
例句:All students have access to the school library.
3.accompany (v. 陪伴;伴随;为…… 伴奏)
词性转换:accompanying (adj. 陪伴的;伴随的);accompaniment (n. 陪伴;伴奏;伴随物)
核心短语:
accompany sb. to sp. 陪伴某人去某地
be accompanied by 由…… 陪伴;伴有……
考点提示:注意与 “company (n. 陪伴;公司)” 区分,完形填空中易考查动词与名词的词性辨析及固定搭配。
例句:She asked me to accompany her to the train station.
4. adapt (v. 使适应;改编 )
词性转换:adaptation (n. 适应;改编本);adaptive (adj. 适应的)
核心短语:
adapt (oneself) to sth. (使自己)适应某事(高考高频,完形、写作均常考)
adapt sth. for sth. 为…… 改编某物(如改编剧本、书籍)
考点提示:注意与 “adopt(收养;采纳)” 的区别,易混词辨析为高考重点。
例句:It took her a while to adapt to the new school life.
5. adjust (v. 调整;使适合 )
词性转换:adjustment (n. 调整;适应);adjustable (adj. 可调整的)
核心短语:
adjust (oneself) to sth. (使自己)适应某事(与 adapt to 近义,可替换使用)
adjust sth. to sth. 调整某物以适应……
考点提示:单选、完形中常与 “adapt” 辨析,侧重 “微小调整以适应”。
例句:You need to adjust the camera to the light conditions.
6. admire (v. 钦佩;羡慕;赞美 )
词性转换:admiration (n. 钦佩;赞美);admirable (adj. 令人钦佩的)
核心短语:
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人(高考固定搭配,必背)
admire sth. 欣赏某物(如艺术品、风景)
考点提示:注意 “admire” 不接双宾语,不可说 “admire sb. sth.”,需用 “admire sth. for sb.”。
例句:We all admire her for her courage and determination.
7. advance (v. 推进;促进;提前)
词性转换:advancement (n. 前进;进步);advanced (adj. 先进的;高级的)
核心短语:
in advance 提前;预先(高考高频,如 “book tickets in advance”)
advance on/towards sth. 向…… 前进
advance sth. 推进;促进(如 “advance technology”)
考点提示:adj. “advanced” 常考,如 “advanced technology(先进技术)”“advanced courses(高级课程)”。
例句:Please let me know your plan in advance.
8. agree (v. 同意;赞成;相符 )
词性转换:agreement (n. 同意;协议);disagreement (n. 不同意)
核心短语:
agree with sb./sth. 同意某人 / 某事;(食物等)适合某人(高考多义考点)
agree on sth. (双方)就某事达成一致
考点提示:“agree with” 的 “适合” 含义易被忽略,单选常考;“agreement” 常与 “reach” 搭配(reach an agreement)。
例句:The climate here doesn’t agree with me. / We agreed on a date for the meeting.
9. amaze (v. 使惊奇;使惊愕 )
词性转换:amazement (n. 惊讶);amazing (adj. 令人惊讶的);amazed (adj. 感到惊讶的)
核心短语:
be amazed at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶(高考高频,情感描写常用)
amaze sb. 使某人惊讶
考点提示:区分 “amazing”(修饰物)和 “amazed”(修饰人),完形、语法填空常考形容词辨析。
例句:I was amazed at how quickly she learned the language.
10. announce (v. 宣布;宣告;通知;声称 )
词性转换:announcement (n. 公告;宣布);announcer (n. 播音员; announcer)
核心短语:
announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事(不可说 “announce sb. sth.”)
announce that... 宣布……(宾语从句常考)
考点提示:注意与 “declare(宣布;声明,侧重正式、权威)” 的区别,单选易混辨析。
例句:The president announced his resignation to the public.
11. annoy (v. 使恼怒;打扰)
词性转换:annoyance (n. 恼怒);annoying (adj. 令人恼怒的);annoyed (adj. 感到恼怒的)
核心短语:
be annoyed with sb. 对某人心烦
be annoyed at/by sth. 因某事心烦(高考情感类场景常用)
考点提示:区分 “annoying” 和 “annoyed”,与 “amaze” 的形容词用法逻辑一致,完形常考。
例句:She was annoyed with him for being late again.
12. apologize (v. 道歉;认错;辩解 )
词性转换:apology (n. 道歉)
核心短语:
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉(高考固定搭配,必背)
make an apology to sb. for sth. (名词形式搭配,与上句同义)
考点提示:“apologize” 为不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,必须加 “to” 和 “for”,单选常考搭配错误。
例句:He apologized to his teacher for being absent from class.
13. appeal (v. 呼吁;恳求;上诉;吸引 )
词性转换:appeal (n. 吸引力;呼吁);appealing (adj. 有吸引力的)
核心短语:
appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力;呼吁某人(高考多义重点,需结合语境判断)
appeal for sth. 呼吁某物(如 “appeal for help” 求助)
appeal to sth. 诉诸……(如 “appeal to law” 诉诸法律)
考点提示:“appeal to” 的多义性是高考难点,完形中需根据上下文区分 “吸引” 和 “呼吁” 含义。
例句:This new design appeals to young people. / They appealed for donations to help the homeless.
14. apply (v. 申请;适用)
词性转换:application (n. 申请;应用);applicant (n. 申请人)
核心短语:
apply for sth. 申请某物(如 “apply for a job” 申请工作,高考高频)
apply to sth./sb. 向…… 申请;适用于……(多义考点)
apply sth. to sth. 把某物应用于……(如 “apply theory to practice” 理论联系实际)
考点提示:“apply to” 的 “适用于” 含义易被忽略,如 “The rule applies to everyone.”(这条规则适用于所有人)。
例句:She applied to three universities and was accepted by all.
15. assist (v. 帮助;协助;援助 )
词性转换:assistance (n. 帮助);assistant (n. 助手;adj. 辅助的)
核心短语:
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人(做)某事(高考正式场景常用,如工作、研究)
考点提示:与 “help”“aid” 近义,“assist” 更正式,完形中可根据语境选择;“assistant” 为高频名词。
例句:The nurse assisted the doctor with the operation.
16. assume (v. 联想;使联合;使发生联系 )
词性转换:assumption (n. 假设;假定);assuming (conj. 假设;假如)
核心短语:
assume that... 假定……(宾语从句常考)
assume sb. to be... 假定某人为……
考点提示:注意 “assume” 与 “presume(推定;假定,侧重更有依据的猜测)” 的区别;“on the assumption that...”(基于…… 的假设)为写作常用短语。
例句:I assume that you will come to the meeting on time. / He assumed responsibility for the accident.
17. astonish (v. 使惊讶;使震惊 )
词性转换:astonishment (n. 震惊);astonishing (adj. 令人震惊的);astonished (adj. 感到震惊的)
核心短语:
be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊(与 “amaze” 用法类似,程度更强)
考点提示:形容词辨析同 “amaze”“annoy”,完形中根据情感强度选择。
例句:We were astonished by the news of her sudden death.
18. attempt (v. 企图;尝试 )
词性转换:attempt (n. 尝试)
核心短语:
attempt to do sth. 试图做某事(高考高频,可替换 “try to do sth.”,更正式)
make an attempt to do sth. (名词形式搭配,与上句同义)
考点提示:“attempt” 作动词时,不接 “doing”,只能接 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误。
例句:He attempted to climb the mountain alone.
19. attract ( v. 企图;尝试 )
词性转换:attraction (n. 吸引力;景点);attractive (adj. 有吸引力的)
核心短语:
attract sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力(高考必背,场景通用)
be attracted to sth./sb. 被某物 / 某人吸引
考点提示:“attraction” 作 “景点” 讲时为可数名词(如 “tourist attractions” 旅游景点),完形、阅读常考。
例句:The beautiful scenery attracted a lot of visitors.
1. balance (v. 使平衡;权衡 )
词性转换:balance (n. 平衡;余额);balanced (adj. 平衡的;均衡的)
核心短语:
balance A against B 权衡 A 与 B(高考抽象场景常用,如权衡利弊)
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
考点提示:adj. “balanced” 常考,如 “balanced diet(均衡饮食)”“balanced view(客观看法)”,写作高频。
例句:We need to balance the benefits against the risks.
2. base (v. 以…… 为基础 )
词性转换:base (n. 基地;基础);basic (adj. 基本的);basis (n. 基础;根据)
核心短语:
base sth. on/upon sth. 把某事建立在…… 基础上(高考必背,被动式 “be based on” 更常考)
on the basis of 基于……(写作替换用)
考点提示:“base” 作动词时,主语多为 “物”,宾语为 “基础”,不可说 “base on sth.”,必须带宾语,单选常考搭配错误。
例句:The novel is based on the author’s real experiences. / We made the decision on the basis of facts.
3. benefit ( v. 有益于 )
词性转换:benefit (n. 益处;福利);beneficial (adj. 有益的)
核心短语:
benefit from/by sth. 从…… 中获益(高考高频,主动被动均可,如 “be benefited from”)
be beneficial to sb./sth. 对…… 有益(形容词短语,写作常用)
考点提示:“benefit” 作名词时,常与 “for”“to” 搭配,如 “benefit for children”(儿童福利),单选易考介词。
例句:Students have benefited a lot from online learning. / Reading is beneficial to our minds.
4. blame (v. 责怪;归咎于 )
词性转换:blame (n. 责备;责任)
核心短语:
be to blame for sth. 对某事负有责任(主动形式表被动,高考重点考点)
考点提示:“be to blame” 不可用于被动语态,如 “Who is to blame for the mistake ”(谁该为这个错误负责?),常考语态错误。
例句:He blamed his failure on bad luck. / The driver was to blame for the accident.
5. burn ( v. . 燃烧;烧毁;灼伤 )
词性转换:burn (n. 烧伤;燃烧);burnt/burned (adj. 烧焦的;烧伤的)
核心短语:
burn with sth. 充满…… 情感(如 “burn with enthusiasm” 充满热情)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均可为 “burnt” 或 “burned”,语法填空不做区分;“burnt” 作形容词更常用,如 “burnt bread”(烧焦的面包)。
例句:The old factory was burnt down in a fire. / She burned with desire to succeed.
6. capture (v. 捕获;引起(注意、想象等))
词性转换:capture (n. 捕获;占领);captured (adj. 被捕获的;被占领的)
核心短语:
capture one’s attention/imagination 吸引某人的注意力 / 想象力(高考写作、阅读高频)
考点提示:侧重 “通过努力获得或控制”,区别于 “catch(普通捕获)”,完形中根据语境选择;“capture” 作 “赢得” 讲时,可替换 “win”,更正式。
例句:The movie captured the hearts of audiences all over the world.
7. charge (v. 使充电;使承担;索价;控告;向…… 冲去 )
词性转换:charge (n. 费用;电荷;指控);charged (adj. 带电的;充满情感的)
核心短语:
charge sb. for sth. 因某事向某人收费(高考高频,如 “charge 10 yuan for the book”)
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事(如 “charge him with theft” 指控他偷窃)
in charge of 负责……(主语是人,如 “she is in charge of the project”)
in the charge of 由…… 负责(主语是物,如 “the project is in the charge of her”)
考点提示:多义性为高考难点,需结合语境区分 “收费”“指控”“负责” 含义;“in charge of” 与 “in the charge of” 的主被动区别常考。
例句:How much do you charge for this service / He was charged with dangerous driving.
8. combine (v. 结合;联合;混合 )
词性转换:combination (n. 结合;组合);combined (adj. 结合的;联合的)
核心短语:
combine A with B 把 A 和 B 结合起来(高考必背,被动式 “be combined with” 常用)
考点提示:区别于 “connect(连接,侧重物理或逻辑关联)”“unite(联合,侧重统一整体)”,易混词辨析常考。
例句:She combines work with pleasure. / The two companies combined to form a new one.
9. commit (v. 犯(罪、错);承诺;投入(时间、精力等))
词性转换:commitment (n. 承诺;献身);committed (adj. 坚定的;忠诚的)
核心短语:
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺做某事;致力于……(高考高频,to 为介词,后接 doing)
commit sth. 犯(罪、错等);投入(时间、金钱等)
考点提示:“commit oneself to” 中 “to” 是介词,不可接动词原形,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“committed” 常考,如 “committed teacher”(敬业的老师)。
例句:He committed himself to helping the poor. / She committed an error in judgment.
municate ( v. 交流;沟通 )
词性转换:communication (n. 交流;通讯);communicative (adj. 善于交流的)
考点提示:“communication” 作 “交流” 时为不可数名词,作 “通讯方式” 时为可数名词。
例句:It’s important to communicate with your parents regularly.
11. compare ( v. 比较;把…… 比作 )
词性转换:comparison (n. 比较;对照)
核心短语:
compare A with B 把 A 和 B 进行比较(侧重找不同)
compare A to B 把 A 比作 B(侧重找相似,如 “compare life to a journey”)
by comparison 相比之下(介词短语)
考点提示:“compare with” 与 “compare to” 的区别是高考重点,完形、单选常考;过去分词短语 “compared with/to” 常作状语,语法填空高频。
例句:Compare this photo with that one, and you’ll find differences.
12. compete ( v. 竞争;对抗 )
词性转换:competition (n. 竞争;比赛);competitive (adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的);competitor (n. 竞争者)
核心短语:
compete with/against sb. for sth. 与某人竞争某物(高考固定搭配,必背)
考点提示:“competitive” 常考,如 “competitive price(有竞争力的价格)”“competitive environment(竞争环境)”,阅读高频。
例句:Two teams competed for the championship.
13. conclude ( v. 推断;作结论;结束 )
词性转换:conclusion (n. 结论;结束);conclusive (adj. 决定性的;确凿的)
核心短语:
in conclusion 总之(写作结尾常用过渡短语)
考点提示:区别于 “finish(完成,侧重动作结束)”“end(结束,侧重时间或过程终止)”,侧重 “有结果的结束”;“draw/reach a conclusion”(得出结论)为固定搭配。
例句:We concluded that he was lying. / In conclusion, I’d like to thank everyone for their help.
14. confirm ( v. 确认;证实;批准;使巩固 )
词性转换:confirmation (n. 确认;证实);confirmed (adj. 确认的;坚定的)
核心短语:
confirm that... 确认……(宾语从句常考)
confirm sb. in sth. 坚定某人的……(如 “confirm him in his belief” 坚定他的信念)
考点提示:侧重 “通过证据或行动证实”,区别于 “prove(证明,侧重逻辑或事实证明)”,易混词辨析常考。
例句:Please call to confirm your appointment. / It has been confirmed that the flight is delayed.
15. confuse ( v. 使困惑;混淆;弄乱为 )
词性转换:confusion (n. 困惑;混乱);confusing (adj. 令人困惑的);confused (adj. 感到困惑的)
核心短语:
confuse A with B 把 A 和 B 混淆(高考高频,易混词辨析常考)
be confused about sth. 对某事感到困惑(情感类场景常用)
考点提示:形容词辨析“confused” 修饰人,“confusing”修饰物。
例句:People often confuse “imply” with “infer”. / I’m confused about the new rules.
16. congratulate ( v. 祝贺;向…… 道贺 )
词性转换:congratulation (n. 祝贺;贺词)
核心短语:
congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 因(做)某事祝贺某人(高考固定搭配,必背)
offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth. (名词形式搭配,与上句同义)
考点提示:区别于 “celebrate(庆祝节日、事件)”,“congratulate” 后接 “人”,搭配对象是高考重点区分点。
例句:We congratulated her on winning the first prize.
17. connect ( v. 连接;接通(电话等))
词性转换:connection (n. 连接;联系);connected (adj. 连接的;有联系的)
核心短语:
connect A with B 把 A 和 B 连接起来;使 A 与 B 有联系(高考高频)
be connected with 与…… 有联系(被动式常用)
考点提示:区别于 “combine(结合,侧重融合为一体)”“link(链接,侧重逻辑关联)”,易混词辨析常考;“in connection with”(与…… 有关)为阅读高频短语。
例句:The road connects this village with the city. / This incident is connected with the previous one.
18. consider ( v. 考虑;认为 )
词性转换:consideration (n. 考虑;关心);considerate (adj. 体贴的);considerable (adj. 相当大的;重要的)
核心短语:
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事(高考重点,后接动名词,不可接不定式)
consider sb./sth. (as) sth. 认为某人 / 某物是……(as 可省略)
take sth. into consideration 把某事考虑在内(写作常用)
考点提示:“consider” 后接 “doing” 而非 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“considerate” 与 “considerable” 易混淆,需注意词义区别。
例句:She is considering changing her job. / We must take the weather into consideration.
19. construct ( v. 建造;构建;构思 )
词性转换:construction (n. 建造;建筑);constructive (adj. 建设性的)
核心短语:
construct sth. 建造;构建(如 “construct a building”“construct a theory”)
be under construction 正在建造中(固定表达,高考阅读、完形常考)
考点提示:侧重 “有计划、有步骤地建造或构建”,区别于 “build(普通建造)”“establish(建立,侧重组织、机构)”;“constructive” 常考,如 “constructive suggestions(建设性建议)”。
例句:A new bridge is being constructed over the river. / The theory was constructed based on experiments.
20. consume ( v. 消耗;消费;吃;喝;烧毁 )
词性转换:consumption (n. 消费;消耗);consumer (n. 消费者);consuming (adj. 强烈的)
核心短语:
be consumed with sth. 充满……(情感,如 “be consumed with anxiety” 充满焦虑)
例句:This machine consumes less electricity. / She was consumed with jealousy.
1. contribute ( v. 贡献;捐献;投稿 )
词性转换:contribution (n. 贡献;捐款)
核心短语:
contribute to sth. 促成;有助于;投稿;为…… 做贡献(高考高频多义短语,必背)
contribute sth. to sth. 把某物捐赠给……;把某物投稿给……
考点提示:“contribute to” 中 “to” 为介词,后接名词或动名词;写作中常用 “make a contribution to(为…… 做贡献)”,注意 “contribution” 为可数名词。
例句:Regular exercise contributes to good health. / He contributed a lot of money to the charity.
2. count ( v. 计算;认为;把…… 算入;重要 )
词性转换:count (n. 计数;数量);countless (adj. 无数的)
核心短语:
count on/upon sb./sth. 依靠;指望(高考高频,如 “count on your help” 指望你的帮助)
count as 被视为(如 “count as a success” 被视为成功)
考点提示:“count on” 中 “on” 为介词,后接名词或动名词;“countless” 为高频形容词,阅读中常用。
例句:You can count on me to support you. / This book counts as one of his best works.
3. create ( v. 创造,创作;造成;产生;授予 )
词性转换:creation (n. 创造;作品);creative (adj. 创造性的);creator (n. 创造者)
核心短语:
create sth. 创造;创建;造成(如 “create a new world”“create problems”)
be creative in sth. 在某事上有创造力(写作常用)
考点提示:侧重 “从无到有地创造”,区别于 “invent(发明,侧重具体事物)”“design(设计,侧重规划)”;“creative” 常考,如 “creative thinking(创造性思维)”。
例句:Artists create beauty through their works. / She is very creative in solving problems.
4. damage (v. 损害;毁坏 )
词性转换:damage (n. 损害;损失)
核心短语:
damage sth. 损害;毁坏(侧重 “部分损坏,可修复”,区别于 “destroy(彻底摧毁)”“ruin(毁灭,侧重结果)”)
do damage to sth. 对某物造成损害(名词形式搭配,高考常用)
考点提示:“damage” 作名词时,表 “损害” 为不可数名词,表 “赔偿金” 为可数名词;与 “destroy”“ruin” 的区别是高考易混词辨析重点。
例句:The storm damaged many houses. / Smoking does great damage to your health.
5. debate ( v. 辩论;讨论 )
词性转换:debate (n. 辩论;争论);debater (n. 辩论者)
核心短语:
under debate 正在辩论中(固定表达,阅读常考)
考点提示:侧重 “正式的、有观点对立的辩论”,区别于 “discuss(讨论,侧重交换意见)”;“debate” 后可接 “doing” 或 “whether to do”,不接 “to do”。
例句:They debated whether to accept the offer. / The proposal is still under debate.
6. deliver ( v. 递送;交付;发表(演讲等);接生 )
词性转换:delivery (n. 递送;分娩)
核心短语:
deliver a speech 发表演讲(高考高频场景)
deliver a baby 接生婴儿
考点提示:多义性需注意,“递送物品”“发表演讲”“接生” 是三大常考含义;“delivery” 常考,如 “express delivery(快递)”。
例句:The newspaper is delivered to our door every morning. / He delivered a wonderful speech at the meeting.
7. demand ( v. 要求 )
词性转换:demand (n. 需求;要求);demanding (adj. 要求高的;费力的)
核心短语:
demand that... 要求……(从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,高考重点考点)
in demand 需求量大;受欢迎(固定表达,如 “goods in demand” 畅销商品)
考点提示:“demand” 后接从句的虚拟语气是单选、语法填空重点;“demand” 不可接双宾语,不可说 “demand sb. to do”,需用 “demand that sb. (should) do”。
例句:She demanded that we (should) finish the work at once. / Skilled workers are in great demand.
8. describe ( v. 描述;描绘;把…… 称为 )
词性转换:description (n. 描述;描写);descriptive (adj. 描述性的)
核心短语:
describe sth./sb. (to sb.) (向某人)描述某物 / 某人
describe sth. as sth. 把某物描述为……(高考高频,如 “describe it as amazing” 把它描述为令人惊叹的)
考点提示:“description” 常与 “give”“make” 搭配,如 “give a description of”(描述……);“descriptive” 为阅读高频形容词。
例句:Can you describe your experience to us / He described the city as a modern metropolis.
9. determine (v. 确定;决定;查明)
词性转换:determination (n. 决心;确定);determined (adj. 坚定的;有决心的)
核心短语:
determine to do sth. 决心做某事(表动作,强调一时的决定)
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表状态,强调长期的坚定意志,高考更高频)
determine that.../determine wh-... 查明;确定……(宾语从句常考,如 “determine what happened” 查明发生了什么)
考点提示:区分 “determine to do” 与 “be determined to do” 的用法差异,后者更常考且可用于各种时态;“determined” 常作定语或表语,如 “a determined person”(一个有决心的人)。例句:She determined to study abroad next year. / He is determined to overcome all difficulties.
10. develop (v. 发展;开发;培养;患(病))
词性转换:development (n. 发展;开发);developed (adj. 发达的);developing (adj. 发展中的)
核心短语:
develop sth. 发展;开发;培养(如 “develop economy”“develop a new product”“develop a habit”)
考点提示:“developed” 与 “developing” 是高考高频形容词,常修饰 “country”“region” 等;“develop” 表 “患病” 时,如 “develop a cold”“develop cancer”,易被忽略,需注意语境。
例句:China has developed rapidly in recent years. / She developed a love for painting at an early age.
11. devote (v. 致力于;奉献;把…… 专用于 )
词性转换:devotion (n. 奉献;忠诚);devoted (adj. 忠诚的;献身的)
核心短语:
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事(高考高频,to 为介词,后接名词或动名词)
考点提示:“devote oneself to” 中 “to” 不可接动词原形,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“devoted” 常作定语或表语,如 “a devoted mother”(一位忠诚的母亲)“be devoted to”(致力于……)。
例句:He devoted himself to helping the poor. / She devoted all her energy to her career.
12. differ (v. 不同;有差异;意见不合 )
词性转换:difference (n. 差异;不同);different (adj. 不同的)
核心短语:
differ from sth./sb. 与某物 / 某人不同(高考高频,如 “differ from traditional methods” 与传统方法不同)
differ in sth. 在某方面不同(如 “differ in color” 在颜色上不同)
考点提示:“differ” 为不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词常与 “from” 搭配,“make a difference”(有影响)是高考必背短语。
例句:This book differs from that one in style. / I differ with you on this point.
13. disappoint (v. 使失望 )
词性转换:disappointment (n. 失望;令人失望的人 / 事);disappointed (adj. 感到失望的);disappointing (adj. 令人失望的)
核心短语:
be disappointed at/about sth. 对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb./sth. 对某人 / 某物感到失望
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是(写作常用过渡短语)
考点提示:区分 “disappointed”(修饰人)与 “disappointing”(修饰物)。
例句:Her performance disappointed her parents. / I’m disappointed with the result.
14. discover (v. 发现;发觉 )
词性转换:discovery (n. 发现;发觉)
核心短语:
discover sb. doing sth. 发觉某人做某事
discover that... 发现……(宾语从句常考)
考点提示:区别于 “invent(发明,创造新事物)”“find(找到,发现丢失或存在的事物)”“detect(探测到,发现不易察觉的事物)”,易混词辨析为高考重点。
例句:Columbus discovered America in 1492. / She discovered him reading her diary.
14. divide (v. 划分;分割;分配;除 )
词性转换:division (n. 划分;分割;部门;除法)
核心短语:
divide sth. into sth. 把某物划分为……(高考高频,如 “divide the cake into six pieces” 把蛋糕分成六块)
be divided into 被划分为……(被动式常用)
考点提示:区别于 “separate(分离,使分开,常与 from 搭配)”,如 “divide into” 强调 “整体分部分”,“separate from” 强调 “分离原本在一起的事物”,为高考易混点。
例句:The class is divided into four groups. / She divided the money among her three children.
15. donate (v. 捐赠;捐献 )
词性转换:donation (n. 捐赠;捐赠物);donor (n. 捐赠者)
核心短语:
donate sth. to sb./sth. 把某物捐赠给某人 / 某物(高考高频,如 “donate money to charity” 向慈善机构捐款)
make a donation to 向…… 捐赠(名词形式搭配)
考点提示:“donate” 为及物动词,直接接捐赠物作宾语,后接 “to” 引出捐赠对象;写作中描述公益、慈善话题时常用。
例句:He donated his collection to the museum. / Many people made donations to the flood victims.
16. doubt (v. 怀疑;不相信;n. 怀疑;疑问 )
词性转换:doubtful (adj. 怀疑的;不确定的);undoubtedly (adv. 毫无疑问地)
核心短语:
doubt sth. 怀疑某物
doubt whether/if... 怀疑是否……(宾语从句常考,肯定句中用 whether/if)
no doubt 毫无疑问(写作常用,可放句首或句中)
in doubt 不确定;怀疑(如 “be in doubt about sth.” 对某事不确定)
例句:I doubt whether he can finish the work on time. / No doubt, she is the best candidate.
17. emerge (v. 出现;浮现;显露 )
词性转换:emergence (n. 出现;浮现);emergent (adj. 紧急的;新兴的)
核心短语:
emerge from sth. 从某物中出现;摆脱某物(如 “emerge from the water” 从水中浮现;“emerge from difficulty” 摆脱困境)
考点提示:“emerge” 为不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词 “from”,完形阅读高频。
例句:The sun emerged from behind the clouds. / She emerged as the winner of the competition.
18. employ (v. 雇佣;使用;利用 )
词性转换:employment (n. 雇佣;工作;职业);employer (n. 雇主);employee (n. 雇员);核心短语:
employ sb. as sth. 雇佣某人为……
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事(做)某事(如 “be employed in teaching” 从事教学工作)
考点提示:“employer” 与 “employee” 易混淆,需注意词尾差异。
例句:The company employs 200 people. / She employed her time wisely.
19. encounter (v. 遭遇;遇到;邂逅;n. 遭遇;邂逅 )
核心短语:
have an encounter with sb./sth. 与某人 / 某物相遇 / 遭遇
考点提示:侧重 “意外或偶然遇到”,区别于 “meet(普通见面)”“face(面对,侧重主动应对)”;完形中常考 “遭遇困难、挑战” 的场景。
例句:We encountered a heavy rain on our way.
20. encourage (v. 鼓励;激励;促进 )
词性转换:encouragement (n. 鼓励;激励);encouraging (adj. 令人鼓舞的);encouraged (adj. 受到鼓舞的)
核心短语:
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事(高考高频,必背)
to one’s encouragement 令某人鼓舞的是
考点提示:反义词 “discourage” 用法为 “discourage sb. from doing sth.”,注意动词不定式与介词的差异;区分 “encouraging” 与 “encouraged” 的形容词用法。
例句:Her teacher encouraged her to study abroad. / The news is very encouraging.
1. engage (v. 参与;从事;雇佣;吸引 )
词性转换:engagement (n. 参与;订婚;约会);engaged (adj. 忙碌的;订婚的;投入的)
核心短语:
engage in (doing) sth. 参与 / 从事(做)某事(高考高频,如 “engage in research” 从事研究)
engage sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做某事
engage sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
be engaged in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事
考点提示:多义性为高考难点,需结合语境区分 “参与、雇佣、吸引、订婚” 等含义;“be engaged in” 表 “忙碌” 是常考用法。
例句:He engages in voluntary work every weekend. / She is engaged to a doctor. / The game engaged the children’s attention.
2. entertain (v. 娱乐;使快乐;招待 )
词性转换:entertainment (n. 娱乐;娱乐活动;招待);entertaining (adj. 有趣的;娱乐的)
考点提示:“entertainment” 为不可数名词,表 “娱乐活动” 时可作可数名词;“entertaining” 常修饰 “story”“film” 等,表 “有趣的”。
例句:The clown entertained the children. / She entertained us with funny stories.
3. establish (v. 建立;创立;确立;证实 )
词性转换:establishment (n. 建立;机构;企业);established (adj. 已建立的;公认的)
考点提示:侧重 “建立长期存在的组织、制度或关系”,区别于 “build(建造具体事物)”“found(创立,侧重开创)”;“established” 常考,如 “established traditions”(既定传统)。
例句:The school was established in 1950. / He established his innocence with evidence.
4. head (v. 朝…… 前进;主管;率领 )
词性转换:heading (n. 标题;标题栏)
核心短语:
head for/towards 朝…… 前进(高考高频)
考点提示:作动词 “朝…… 前进” 时,需搭配介词 “for/towards”,完形中常考方向类场景。
例句:We are heading for the mountains this weekend.
5. hesitate (v. 犹豫;迟疑;踌躇 )
词性转换:hesitation (n. 犹豫;迟疑);hesitant (adj. 犹豫的;迟疑的)
核心短语:
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事(高考高频,后接不定式)
without hesitation 毫不犹豫(写作常用短语)
例句:Don’t hesitate to ask for help if you need it. / She spoke without hesitation.
6. host (v. 主持;主办;招待;n. 主人;主持人;东道主 )
词性转换:hostess (n. 女主人;女主持人);hosting (n. 主持;主办)
核心短语:
考点提示:作动词 “主办” 时,主语常为 “城市、国家、机构” 等。
例句:Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics. / She hosted a dinner for her friends.
7. honor (v. 尊敬;尊重;给…… 以荣誉;n. 荣誉;敬意;光荣 )
词性转换:honorable (adj. 光荣的;可敬的);honored (adj. 感到荣幸的)
核心短语:
be honored to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸(高考高频)
in honor of 为了纪念;向…… 表示敬意(写作常用,如 “a ceremony in honor of heroes” 纪念英雄的仪式)
考点提示:注意拼写(美式 honor,英式 honour),高考中两种拼写均认可;“be honored to do sth.” 是情感表达常用结构。
例句:We honor his contribution to science. / I am honored to be your guide.
8. ignore (v. 忽视;不理睬 )
词性转换:ignorance (n. 无知;忽视);ignorant (adj. 无知的;不知道的)
考点提示:区别于 “neglect(疏忽,侧重未给予应有的关注)”“overlook(忽略,侧重因粗心未注意到)”,易混词辨析为高考重点;“ignorant” 常与 “of” 搭配,如 “be ignorant of the fact”(不知道这个事实)。
例句:He ignored all the traffic rules and got fined. / She was ignorant of his true intentions.
9. impress (v. 给…… 留下深刻印象;使钦佩;印;压)
词性转换:impression (n. 印象;感想);impressive (adj. 令人印象深刻的);impressed (adj. 印象深刻的)
核心短语:
impress sb. with sth. 用某物给某人留下深刻印象(高考高频)
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某物(如 “impress the importance on students” 让学生铭记重要性)
be impressed by/with 对…… 印象深刻(如 “be impressed with her performance” 对她的表现印象深刻)
考点提示:区分 “impressive(令人印象深刻的,修饰物)” 与 “impressed(印象深刻的,修饰人)”;“impression” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a good impression”(留下好印象)。
例句:The beautiful scenery impressed us. / He impressed on us the need to work hard.
7. insist (v. 坚持;坚决要求;坚决认为)
词性转换:insistent (adj. 坚持的;坚决的)
核心短语:
insist on (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事(高考高频,on 为介词)
insist that... 坚决要求 / 认为……(宾语从句考点:表 “坚决要求” 时,从句用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”;表 “认为” 时,用陈述语气)
考点提示:宾语从句的语气差异是高考重点,需根据语境判断。
例句:She insists on going there alone. / He insisted that he was innocent.(认为)
8. inspire (v. 激励;鼓舞;启发;赋予灵感 )
词性转换:inspiration (n. 灵感;激励;鼓舞);inspiring (adj. 鼓舞人心的);inspired (adj. 受启发的;有灵感的)
核心短语:
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事(高考高频,必背)
be inspired by 受…… 启发(如 “be inspired by nature” 受自然启发)
考点提示:区分 “inspiring(鼓舞人心的,修饰物)” 与 “inspired(受启发的,修饰人)”;“inspiration” 常与 “draw” 搭配,如 “draw inspiration from”(从…… 中汲取灵感)。
例句:Her story inspired us to work harder. / The artist drew inspiration from his hometown.
9. instruct (v. 指示;命令;指导;教授 )
词性转换:instruction (n. 指示;命令;指导;说明书);instructive (adj. 有益的;有教育意义的)
核心短语:
instruct sb. to do sth. 指示 / 命令某人做某事(高考高频)
instruct sb. in sth. 指导某人某事(如 “instruct students in English” 教学生英语)
follow instructions 听从指示(固定短语,如 “follow the teacher’s instructions” 听从老师的指示)
考点提示:“instruction” 作 “指示” 时常用复数形式;“instructive” 常考,如 “an instructive film”(有教育意义的电影)。
例句:The manager instructed us to finish the task by Friday. / Please read the instructions carefully before using the machine.
10. interact (v. 相互作用;相互影响;交流;互动 )
词性转换:interaction (n. 相互作用;相互影响;交流);interactive (adj. 互动的;相互作用的)
考点提示:“interaction” 常与 “between” 搭配,如 “interaction between people”(人与人之间的交流);“interactive” 常考,如 “interactive teaching”(互动教学),科技、教育话题高频。
例句:Children learn by interacting with others.
11. intend (v. 打算;计划;想要;意指 )
词性转换:intention (n. 意图;打算)
核心短语:
intend to do sth. 打算做某事(高考高频)
intend sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物(如 “intend the gift for my mother” 这礼物是为我妈妈准备的)
be intended for 专为…… 设计;打算给……(如 “the book is intended for children” 这本书是专为儿童设计的)
考点提示:“intend” 的过去式 “intended” 可作形容词,构成 “be intended for” 结构;“intention” 常与 “have” 搭配,如 “have no intention of doing sth.”(无意做某事)。
例句:I intend to study abroad next year. / This course is intended for beginners.
12. interrupt (v. 打断;打扰;中断 )
词性转换:interruption (n. 打断;打扰;中断)
核心短语:
interrupt sb. to do sth. 打断某人做某事(如 “interrupt him to ask a question” 打断他问问题)
考点提示:区别于 “disturb(打扰,侧重干扰他人的平静或专注)”,如 “interrupt” 强调 “中途打断”,“disturb” 强调 “影响安宁”;“interruption” 常与 “cause”“avoid” 搭配。
例句:Sorry to interrupt, but I have an urgent question. / The storm caused an interruption of electricity.
13. involve (v. 涉及;包含;使卷入;使参与)
词性转换:involvement (n. 涉及;参与;卷入);involved (adj. 涉及的;卷入的;复杂的)
核心短语:
involve doing sth. 涉及做某事(高考高频,后接动名词)
be involved with 与…… 有关联;与…… 有交往
考点提示:“involve” 后接 “doing” 而非 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误;“involved” 作定语时,前置表 “复杂的”,后置表 “涉及的”,如 “an involved problem”(复杂的问题)“people involved”(涉及的人)。
例句:The job involves traveling abroad. / She was involved in organizing the event.
14. judge (v. 判断;评判;裁决;认为;n. 法官;裁判;审判员)
词性转换:judgment/judgement (n. 判断;评判;裁决)
核心短语:
judging by/from 依…… 判断(常作状语,如 “Judging from his accent, he is from the south.”)
考点提示:“judging by/from” 为固定结构,不受句子主语影响;“judgment” 为可数名词,常与 “make”“pass” 搭配,如 “make a wrong judgment”(做出错误判断)。
例句补充:The judge passed judgment on the criminal. / Judging by her smile, she was satisfied with the result.
15.launch (v. 发起;发动;推出;发射;n. 发起;发射;推出 )
考点提示:常与 “campaign”“product”“satellite” 等名词搭配,政治、商业、科技话题阅读高频;作名词时,如 “the launch of a new book”(新书发布会),也是常考场景。
例句:The company launched a new smartphone last month.
16. lead (v. 领导;带领;导致;n. 领导;领先;铅 )
词性转换:leader (n. 领导者;领袖);leadership (n. 领导能力;领导阶层);leading (adj. 主要的;领先的)
核心短语:
lead sb. to sth./sp. 带领某人到某物 / 某地;引导某人得出(结论等)(高考高频)
lead to sth. 导致某事(如 “lead to failure” 导致失败,to 为介词)
take the lead 带头;领先(固定短语)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “led”,易与 “lead(原形)” 混淆,语法填空常考;“leading” 常考,如 “leading role”(主角)“leading scientist”(顶尖科学家)。
例句:He led us to the meeting room. / Smoking can lead to lung cancer. / She took the lead in the competition.
17. limit (v. 限制;限定;n. 限制;限度)
词性转换:limited (adj. 有限的);limitation (n. 限制;局限性)
核心短语:
be limited by sth. 被某物限制(如 “be limited by time” 受时间限制)
within limits 在合理范围内(固定短语)
考点提示:“limited” 常考,如 “limited resources”(有限的资源)“limited time”(有限的时间);“limitation” 常表 “自身局限性”,如 “admit one’s limitations”(承认自己的局限性)。
例句:We must limit our spending. / The number of participants is limited to 50.
18. link (v. 连接;联系;n. 链接;纽带;联系)
词性转换:linked (adj. 连接的;有联系的)
核心短语:
link A to/with B 把 A 和 B 连接 / 联系起来(高考高频,如 “link theory to practice” 理论联系实际)
be linked to/with 与…… 连接 / 联系
click the link 点击链接(网络相关,阅读常考)
考点提示:区别于 “connect(连接,侧重物理或逻辑关联)”“combine(结合,侧重融合为一体)”,易混词辨析常考;“link” 作名词 “链接” 时,网络话题高频。
例句:The two cities are linked by a new highway. / There is a close link between diet and health.
19. locate (v. 确定…… 的位置;把…… 设置在;位于)
词性转换:location (n. 位置;地点);located (adj. 位于…… 的)
核心短语:
be located in/at/on 位于……(高考高频,如 “the school is located in the city center” 学校位于市中心)
例句:The police used GPS to locate the stolen car.
20. manage (v. 管理;经营;设法做到;应付 )
词性转换:manager (n. 经理;管理者);management (n. 管理;经营)
核心短语:
manage to do sth. 设法做到某事(高考高频,强调成功做到,区别于 “try to do sth.”)
考点提示:“manage to do sth.” 与 “try to do sth.” 的区别是高考重点,前者表 “成功”,后者表 “尝试”;“management” 常考,如 “business management”(企业管理)。
例句:He managed to finish the work on time. / She manages a restaurant downtown.
1. matter (v. 重要;有关系;n. 事情;问题;物质)
核心短语:
matter to sb. 对某人重要(如 “your opinion matters to me” 你的意见对我很重要)
例句:Does it matter if we are late / No matter what happens, I will support you.
2. mean (v. 意思是;意味着;打算;adj. 吝啬的;刻薄的)
词性转换:meaning (n. 意思;含义);meaningful (adj. 有意义的);meaningless (adj. 无意义的)
核心短语:
mean to do sth. 打算做某事(高考高频)
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(高考高频,需与 “mean to do” 区分)
be meant to do sth. 应该做某事;旨在做某事(如 “this book is meant to teach English” 这本书旨在教英语)
例句:I didn’t mean to hurt you. / Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
3. measure (v. 测量;衡量;评估;n. 测量;措施;尺寸)
核心短语:
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事(高考高频,必背,如 “take measures to protect the environment” 采取措施保护环境)
考点提示:“take measures to do sth.” 中 “measures” 常用复数形式。
例句:We need to measure the room before buying furniture. / The government took strict measures to control prices.
4. miss (v. 错过;想念;丢失;未击中)
词性转换:missing (adj. 丢失的;失踪的;缺少的);missed (adj. 错过的;未被击中的)
核心短语:
miss doing sth. 错过做某事(如 “miss seeing the film” 错过看这部电影)
考点提示:“missing” 常作定语或表语,如 “a missing child”(失踪的孩子)“my wallet is missing”(我的钱包丢了);区别于 “lost(丢失的,侧重找不回)”,“missing” 侧重 “暂时找不到”。
例句:I missed the beginning of the movie. / She has been missing for three days.
5. motivate (v. 激励;激发;促使 )
词性转换:motivation (n. 动机;激励);motivated (adj. 有动机的;积极的);motivating (adj. 激励人的)
核心短语:
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事(高考高频,如 “motivate students to study” 激励学生学习)
be motivated by sth. 受某物激励(如 “be motivated by curiosity” 受好奇心驱使)
考点提示:区别于 “inspire(鼓舞,侧重精神上的启发)”,“motivate” 侧重 “通过外部因素促使行动”;“motivation” 常考,如 “learning motivation”(学习动机)。
例句:Her success motivated me to work harder. / He is highly motivated to achieve his goal.
6. object (v. 反对;拒绝;n. 物体;目标;宾语)
核心短语:
object to sth./doing sth. 反对某物 / 做某事(高考高频,to 为介词,后接名词或动名词)
考点提示:“object” 作动词时,必须搭配 “to” 后接宾语,不可直接接 “doing”;区别于 “oppose(反对,及物动词,后直接接宾语,如 oppose the plan)”,易混词辨析常考。
例句:Many people object to building a new factory here. / She raised an objection to the proposal.
7. observe (v. 观察;注意到;遵守;庆祝 )
词性转换:observation (n. 观察;观测;遵守)
核心短语:
observe sth./sb. 观察 / 注意到某物 / 某人;遵守某物;庆祝某物(高考多义重点)
observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
考点提示:多义性需结合语境区分,“遵守” 和 “庆祝” 易被忽略;“observation” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make an observation”(进行观察)。
例句:The scientist observed the behavior of animals. / Everyone must observe traffic regulations.
8. occupy (v. 占用;占据;使忙碌;占领 )
词性转换:occupation (n. 职业;占用;占领);occupied (adj. 忙碌的;被占用的;被占领的)
核心短语:
be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 忙于某物 / 做某事(高考高频,如 “be occupied with work” 忙于工作)
考点提示:“occupation” 作 “职业” 讲时为高考高频名词,如 “what’s your occupation ”(你的职业是什么?);“occupied” 表 “忙碌的” 时,易与 “busy” 替换。
例句:The meeting occupied three hours. / She is occupied in preparing for the exam.
9. occur (v. 发生;出现;想起 )
词性转换:occurrence (n. 发生;出现;事件)
核心短语:
occur to sb. (想法、主意等)被某人想起;出现在某人脑海中
it occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……(固定句型,高考重点)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “occurred”,易拼错为 “occured”;区别于 “happen(偶然发生)”“take place(有计划发生)”,“occur” 更强调 “自然出现或被想起”。
例句:It occurred to her that she had forgotten her keys. / Earthquakes often occur in this area.
10. offer (v. 提供;提议;出价 )
核心短语:
offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物(高考高频双宾语结构)
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事(如 “offer to help” 主动帮忙)
accept/reject an offer 接受 / 拒绝提议 / 出价
考点提示:双宾语结构是重点,可互换使用;“offer” 作 “出价” 讲时,如 “offer 100 yuan for the book”(为这本书出价 100 元),常与 “for” 搭配。
例句:He offered me a cup of tea. / She offered to drive me home.
11. operate (v. 操作;运转;经营;动手术)
词性转换:operation (n. 操作;运转;经营;手术)
核心短语:
operate on sb. 给某人动手术
be in operation 正在运转 / 运营 / 实施中
例句:He can operate various kinds of equipment. / The doctor will operate on her tomorrow.
12. originate (v. 起源;发源;创立;发起 )
词性转换:origin (n. 起源;根源;出身);original (adj. 最初的;原始的;原创的;n. 原作;原件);origination (n. 起源;创立)
核心短语:
originate from/in sth. 起源于 / 发源于某物
例句:This style of music originated in Brazil. / He originated a new method of teaching.
13. overcome (v. 克服;战胜;胜过;使受不了)
词性转换:overcome (过去式 / 过去分词,原形同形);overcoming (n. 克服;战胜)
核心短语:
overcome sth. 克服 / 战胜 / 胜过某物(如 “overcome difficulties” 克服困难;“overcome fear” 战胜恐惧;“overcome rivals” 战胜对手)
be overcome with sth. 被某物使受不了(如 “be overcome with joy” 欣喜若狂)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “overcome”,需注意不规则变化;完形中常考 “克服困难、恐惧” 等场景,写作中可用于描述成长、挑战类话题。
例句:She overcame many obstacles to succeed. / He was overcome with sadness at the news.
14. participate (v. 参加;参与 )
词性转换:participation (n. 参加;参与);participant (n. 参与者;参加者)
核心短语:
participate in sth. 参加 / 参与某物
考点提示:“participate” 为不及物动词,必须搭配 “in” 后接宾语;区别于 “take part in(普通参加)”“join(加入组织、团体)”,“participate” 更正式,书面语常用。
例句:All students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities. / Her participation made the event more successful.
15. perform (v. 表演;演出;执行;履行;表现 )
词性转换:performance (n. 表演;演出;执行;表现);performer (n. 表演者;执行者)
考点提示:多义性需结合语境区分;“performance” 是高考高频名词,如 “give a performance”(表演)“academic performance”(学业表现)。
例句:The actor performed brilliantly in the movie. / She performed her duties faithfully.
16. permit (v. 允许;许可;n. 许可证;执照 )
词性转换:permission (n. 允许;许可)
核心短语:
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(高考高频)
permit doing sth. 允许做某事(如 “the rules don’t permit smoking” 规定不允许吸烟)
with/without permission 经 / 未经允许(固定短语)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “permitted”;区别于 “allow(普通允许)”,“permit” 更正式,常指 “官方或规则允许”;“permission” 常与 “ask for” 搭配,如 “ask for permission”(请求允许)。
例句:My parents don’t permit me to stay out late. / You can’t enter without permission.
17. persuade (v. 说服;劝说;使相信 )
词性转换:persuasion (n. 说服;劝说);persuasive (adj. 有说服力的;劝诱的)
核心短语:
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事(高考高频,强调成功说服)
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事(如 “persuade him of the truth” 使他相信真相)
考点提示:区别于 “advise(建议,不强调是否成功)”,“persuade” 侧重 “成功说服”;“persuasive” 常考,如 “a persuasive speech”(有说服力的演讲)。
例句:I persuaded her to go to the doctor. / He persuaded me of his innocence.
18. practise (v. 练习;实践;从事 )
词性转换:practice (n. 练习;实践;习惯;业务);practical (adj. 实际的;实用的;实践的)
核心短语:
practise doing sth. 练习 / 实践做某事
put sth. into practice 把某物付诸实践(如 “put theory into practice” 理论联系实际)
考点提示:注意拼写(英式 practise,美式 practice),动词形式常考后接 “doing”;“practical” 是高考高频形容词,如 “practical experience”(实践经验)“practical advice”(实用建议)。
例句:She practises playing the violin every day. / We need to put our plans into practice.
19. prefer (v. 更喜欢;偏爱;宁愿 )
词性转换:preference (n. 偏爱;偏好;优先权);preferable (adj. 更可取的;更好的)
核心短语:
prefer sth. to sth. 比起某物更喜欢某物(高考高频,to 为介词)
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(固定句型)
考点提示:“prefer...to...” 中 “to” 是介词,不可接动词原形;“preferable” 常与 “to” 搭配,如 “this option is preferable to that one”(这个选项比那个更好)。
例句:I prefer tea to coffee. / She prefers to stay at home rather than go out.
20. prepare (v. 准备;预备;使有准备)
词性转换:preparation (n. 准备;预备;准备工作);prepared (adj. 准备好的;有准备的)
核心短语:
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备(高考高频,如 “prepare for the exam” 为考试做准备)
be prepared for sth. 为某事做好准备(如 “be prepared for difficulties” 为困难做好准备)
make preparations for 为…… 做准备(名词形式搭配,与 “prepare for” 同义)
考点提示:“prepare sth.” 与 “prepare for sth.” 的区别是重点,前者表 “准备具体事物”,后者表 “为某事做筹备”;“be prepared for” 强调 “主观上做好准备的状态”。
例句:She is preparing dinner for her family. / We need to prepare for the coming competition.
1. preserve (v. 保护;维护;保存;腌制 )
词性转换:preservation (n. 保护;维护;保存);preservative (adj. 防腐的;n. 防腐剂)
例句:We must preserve our natural resources. / This museum preserves many ancient artifacts.
2. present (v. 呈现;提出;赠送;颁发;adj. 现在的;出席的;n. 礼物;现在)
词性转换:presentation (n. 呈现;展示;报告;赠送)
核心短语:
present sth. to sb. 向某人呈现 / 提出 / 赠送 / 颁发某物(高考高频)
be present at 出席……(如 “be present at the meeting” 出席会议)
at present 目前;现在(固定短语,写作常用)
例句:She presented her findings to the committee. / At present, he is working in Beijing.
3. pretend (v. 假装;伪装;假扮)
词性转换:pretended (adj. 假装的;伪装的)
核心短语:
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
考点提示:“pretend” 后接 “to do”,不可接 “doing”;注意与 “pretend to be doing”(假装正在做)、“pretend to have done”(假装做过)的时态差异,语法填空可能涉及。
例句:He pretended not to hear me. / She pretended that she didn’t care about the result.
4. process (v. 加工;处理;审核;n. 过程;进程;工序 )
词性转换:processing (n. 加工;处理);processor (n. 处理器;加工者)
核心短语:
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中(固定短语,写作常用)
考点提示:“process” 作动词 “处理” 时,是科技、办公场景高频词;作名词 “过程” 时,常与 “go through” 搭配,如 “go through a process”(经历一个过程)。
例句:The factory processes raw materials into finished products. / We are in the process of improving our service.
5. promote (v. 促进;推动;提升;宣传;促销 )
词性转换:promotion (n. 促进;提升;宣传;促销);promotional (adj. 促销的;宣传的)
例句:The government took measures to promote economic growth. / She was promoted to director last year.
6. propose (v. 提议;建议;打算;求婚 )
词性转换:proposal (n. 提议;建议;求婚);proposer (n. 提议者;求婚者)
核心短语:
propose doing sth. 提议做某事(高考高频,如 “propose having a meeting” 提议开个会)
propose that... 提议 / 建议……(宾语从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,如 “propose that we (should) start early” 建议我们早点出发)
考点提示:宾语从句的虚拟语气是重点;区别于 “suggest(建议,用法相近,但 “suggest” 还可接 “sb. doing”)”,注意搭配差异。
例句:He proposed changing the plan. / She accepted his proposal of marriage.
7. publish (v. 出版;发行;发表;公布 )
词性转换:publication (n. 出版;发行;发表;公布);publisher (n. 出版商;出版机构)
例句:The company publishes many educational books. / The results of the exam will be published tomorrow.
8. pursue (v. 追求;追赶;从事;继续 )
词性转换:pursuit (n. 追求;追赶;职业;爱好);pursuing (adj. 追求的;追赶的)
考点提示:“pursuit” 常考,如 “career pursuit”(职业追求)“academic pursuit”(学术追求);写作中描述 “追求目标、梦想” 常用。
例句:He has been pursuing his goal all his life. / She works hard in pursuit of success.
9. qualify (v. (使)具有资格;(使)合格;限定 )
词性转换:qualification (n. 资格;资质;限定条件);qualified (adj. 有资格的;合格的;限定的)
核心短语:
qualify (sb.) for sth. (使某人)具有…… 资格 / 合格
考点提示:“qualification” 是高考高频名词,如 “have the qualification for”(具备…… 的资格);“qualified” 常作定语或表语,使用频率高。
例句:Her experience qualifies her for the position. / He qualified as a lawyer last year.
10. quit (v. 放弃;停止;辞职;离开 )
词性转换:quit (过去式 / 过去分词,原形同形);quitter (n. 轻易放弃的人)
核心短语:
quit doing sth. 放弃 / 停止做某事(高考高频,如 “quit smoking” 戒烟;“quit working” 辞职;“quit studying” 放弃学习)
quit sth. 放弃 / 离开某物(如 “quit the team” 离开球队;“quit the job” 辞职)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “quit”(也可写为 “quitted”);“quit doing” 是固定搭配,不可接 “to do”,单选常考非谓语动词错误。
例句:He decided to quit smoking for his health. / She quit her job to travel around the world.
11. raise (v. 举起;提高;筹集;养育;提出;种植 )
词性转换:raise (n. 加薪;提升)
核心短语:
raise sth. 举起 / 提高 / 筹集 / 养育 / 提出 / 种植某物(高考多义重点,如 “raise hands” 举手;“raise salary” 加薪;“raise money” 筹集资金;“raise children” 养育孩子;“raise questions” 提出问题;“raise crops” 种植庄稼)
考点提示:区别于 “rise(上升,不及物动词,无被动)”,“raise” 为及物动词,有被动语态;多义性中 “筹集、提出” 易被忽略,需结合语境判断。
例句:She raised her voice to be heard. / They raised a lot of money for charity.
12. react (v. 反应;作出反应;回应;起化学反应)
词性转换:reaction (n. 反应;回应;化学反应);reactive (adj. 反应的;易反应的)
核心短语:
react to sth. 对某物作出反应 / 回应
考点提示:“reaction” 常与 “have”“show” 搭配,如 “have a quick reaction”(反应迅速)“show a positive reaction”(表现出积极反应);科技、情感话题高频。
例句:How did he react to your suggestion / The chemical reacts with water.
13. realize (v. 意识到;认识到;实现;了解)
词性转换:realization (n. 意识到;认识到;实现);realistic (adj. 现实的;实际的)
核心短语:
realize sth. 意识到 / 认识到 / 实现某物(高考多义重点,如 “realize one’s dream” 实现梦想;“realize the mistake” 意识到错误;“realize the importance” 认识到重要性)
realize that... 意识到 / 认识到……(宾语从句常考)
考点提示:区别于 “recognize(认出;识别,侧重辨认熟悉的人 / 物)”,易混词辨析为高考重点;“realize” 表 “实现” 时,主语常为 “人” 或 “梦想、目标” 等。
例句:She finally realized her dream of becoming a doctor. / I realized that I had made a mistake.
14. recognize (v. 认出;识别;承认;认可 )
词性转换:recognition (n. 认出;识别;承认;认可)
核心短语:
recognize sth. as sth. 承认 / 认可某物为某物(如 “recognize his talent as a musician” 认可他作为音乐家的天赋)
be recognized as 被公认为……(如 “be recognized as a hero” 被公认为英雄)
例句:I didn’t recognize her with short hair. / This film is recognized as a classic. / She received recognition for her outstanding work.
15.recommend (v. 推荐;建议;介绍 )
词性转换:recommendation (n. 推荐;建议;推荐信)
核心短语:
recommend sth./sb. (to sb.) (向某人)推荐某物 / 某人(高考高频,如 “recommend a book” 推荐一本书;“recommend a candidate” 推荐候选人)
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事(如 “recommend taking a taxi” 建议坐出租车)
recommend that... 建议……(宾语从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,如 “recommend that we (should) start early” 建议我们早点出发)
考点提示:宾语从句的虚拟语气是重点;“recommendation” 常与 “make”“follow” 搭配,如 “make a recommendation”(提出建议)“follow one’s recommendation”(听从某人的建议)。
例句:I recommend this restaurant to you. / She recommended that we read the novel.
16. recover (v. 恢复;康复;找回;挽回 )
词性转换:recovery (n. 恢复;康复;找回)
核心短语:
recover from sth. 从某物中恢复 / 康复(高考高频,如 “recover from illness” 从疾病中康复;“recover from failure” 从失败中恢复)
recover sth. 找回 / 挽回某物(如 “recover lost money” 找回丢失的钱;“recover reputation” 挽回声誉)
例句:He is still recovering from the accident. / The police recovered the stolen jewels.
17. reduce (v. 减少;降低;缩小;简化 )
词性转换:reduction (n. 减少;降低;缩小)
核心短语:
reduce sth. (by/to sth.) 减少 / 降低某物(幅度 / 至程度)
考点提示:“by” 表 “减少的幅度”,“to” 表 “减少后的结果”,介词搭配是重点;“reduction” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a reduction”(降价 / 减量)。
例句:We need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. / The shop made a 10% reduction on all goods.
18. refer (v. 参考;查阅;提及;涉及;提交)
词性转换:reference (n. 参考;查阅;提及;参考文献)
核心短语:
with reference to 关于……(固定短语,写作常用,如 “with reference to your letter” 关于你的来信)
考点提示:多义性需结合语境区分,“参考、提及” 为高频含义;过去式和过去分词均为 “referred”,易拼错为 “refered”。
例句:Please refer to the instructions before using. / With reference to your question, I will reply tomorrow.
19. reflect (v. 反射;反映;思考;反省)
词性转换:reflection (n. 反射;反映;思考;倒影);reflective (adj. 反射的;沉思的)
核心短语:
reflect on/upon sth. 思考 / 反省某物
be reflected in sth. 被反映在某物中
考点提示:多义性中 “反映、思考” 为高频考点;“reflection” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a reflection”(进行思考)。
例句:The lake reflected the beautiful sunset. / She reflected on her past experiences.
20. refuse (v. 拒绝;回绝;不愿)
词性转换:refusal (n. 拒绝;回绝)
核心短语:
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事(高考高频,如 “refuse to cooperate” 拒绝合作)
考点提示:区别于 “decline(婉拒,语气较委婉)”“reject(拒绝,侧重不接受某物,语气较坚决)”,易混词辨析为高考重点。
例句:He refused my offer of help. / She refused to tell me the truth.
1. regard (v. 认为;看待;尊敬;n. 尊敬;问候;方面 )
词性转换:regard (n. 尊敬;问候);regarding (prep. 关于);regardless (adj. 不管不顾的;adv. 不管怎样)
核心短语:
regard sth./sb. as sth. 认为 / 看待某物 / 某人为某物
with regard to 关于……(固定短语,与 “with reference to” 同义,写作常用)
regardless of 不管;不顾(固定短语,如 “regardless of age” 不管年龄)
例句:I regard this as a great opportunity. / With regard to your request, we will consider it carefully. / He went out regardless of the rain.
2. release (v. 释放;发布;发行;松开;n. 释放;发布;发行 )
词性转换:release (n. 释放;发布;发行);releasable (adj. 可释放的;可发行的)
release sth. from sth. 从某物中释放某物(如 “release energy from food” 从食物中释放能量)
例句:The company released a new product last month. / He released her from the promise.
3. relieve (v. 缓解;减轻;解除;救济;接替 )
词性转换:relief (n. 缓解;减轻;救济;宽慰)
核心短语:
relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的某物;帮某人分担某物(如 “relieve him of his duties” 解除他的职务;“relieve her of the burden” 帮她分担负担)
to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是(写作常用过渡短语)
例句:This medicine can relieve your headache. / To my relief, he arrived safely.
4. remind (v. 提醒;使想起 )
词性转换:reminder (n. 提醒物;提示);reminding (adj. 提醒的)
核心短语:
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某物;提醒某人某物
例句:The photo reminds me of our trip to Paris. / She reminded me to lock the door.
5. remove (v. 移除;去除;移动;开除;搬迁 )
词性转换:removal (n. 移除;去除;搬迁;开除);removable (adj. 可移除的;可移动的)
核心短语:
remove sth./sb. (from sth.) (从某物中)移除 / 去除 / 开除某物 / 某人;搬迁某物 / 某人考点提示:多义性中 “移除、去除” 为高频考点;区别于 “move(普通移动,侧重位置改变)”,“remove” 侧重 “彻底移除或去除”。
例句:Please remove your shoes before entering. / He was removed from his position for corruption.
6. reply (v. 回答;答复;n. 回答;答复 )
词性转换:reply (n. 回答;答复);replied (adj. 已答复的)
核心短语:
reply to sth./sb. 回答 / 答复某物 / 某人
例句:She replied to my message immediately. / He gave no reply to my question.
7. represent (v. 代表;象征;表现;描绘 )
词性转换:representation (n. 代表;象征;表现;描绘);representative (adj. 代表性的;典型的;n. 代表)
例句:He represents his country in the international meeting. / The red color represents passion.
8. require (v. 需要;要求;命令 )
词性转换:requirement (n. 需要;要求;必要条件);required (adj. 必需的;要求的)
核心短语:
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事(高考高频)
require that... 要求 / 命令……(宾语从句需用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”,如 “require that all students (should) attend” 要求所有学生参加)
require doing sth. 需要做某事(主动形式表被动含义,如 “the room requires cleaning” 房间需要打扫)
考点提示:宾语从句的虚拟语气和 “require doing” 的被动含义是重点;“requirement” 常与 “meet” 搭配,如 “meet the requirements”(满足要求)。
例句:The job requires patience and skill. / The law requires everyone to pay taxes. / This machine requires repairing.
9. rescue (v. 营救;救援;n. 营救;救援 )
词性转换:rescue (n. 营救;救援);rescuer (n. 营救者;救援人员)
核心短语:
carry out a rescue 实施营救
come to one’s rescue 营救某人;帮某人解围(如 “she came to my rescue when I was in trouble” 我遇到困难时她帮了我)
例句:The firefighters rescued three people from the burning building. / A helicopter was sent to carry out the rescue mission.
10. reserve (v. 预订;保留;储备;预定;n. 储备;预订;保护区 )
词性转换:reservation (n. 预订;保留;储备);reserved (adj. 预订的;保留的;内向的)
核心短语:
make a reservation 预订;预约
例句:I reserved a ticket for the concert online. / You need to make a reservation in advance.
11. respect (v. 尊重;尊敬;重视;遵守;n. 尊重;尊敬;方面 )
词性转换:respectful (adj. 尊敬的;恭敬的);respected (adj. 受尊敬的;值得尊敬的);respectable (adj. 体面的;值得尊敬的)
核心短语:
show respect for sth./sb. 对某物 / 某人表示尊重
in respect of 关于;就…… 而言
考点提示:区分 “respectful”(对人尊敬的,修饰行为者)、“respected”(受人尊敬的,修饰被尊重者)、“respectable”(体面的,强调社会认可)。
例句:Everyone should respect the law. / She is a respected teacher in the school.
12. respond (v. 回应;作出反应;回答;响应 )
词性转换:response (n. 回应;反应;回答;响应)
核心短语:
respond to sth./sb. 回应 / 作出反应 / 回答 / 响应某物 / 某人
考点提示:区别于 “reply(回答,侧重书面或口头答复,需接 to)”,“respond” 侧重 “对刺激或请求作出反应”。
例句:He failed to respond to my message. / The company responded quickly to the market changes.
13. result (v. 导致;结果是;n. 结果;后果;成绩 )
核心短语:
result in sth. 导致某事(高考高频,主语为 “原因”)
result from sth. 由某事导致(主语为 “结果”)
as a result 结果;因此
as a result of 由于;因为
例句:Carelessness resulted in his failure. / His failure resulted from carelessness. / As a result, he missed the opportunity.
14. retire (v. 退休;退职;退出;退役 )
词性转换:retirement (n. 退休;退职;退役);retired (adj. 退休的;退职的;退役的)
核心短语:
retire from sth. 从某物(职位、岗位等)退休 / 退职 / 退役
例句:He plans to retire from his position next year. / My grandfather is retired and lives happily.
15. reward (v. 奖励;奖赏;回报;n. 奖励;奖赏;回报;报酬 )
词性转换:rewarding (adj. 有回报的;值得的)
核心短语:
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事奖励 / 奖赏某人
in reward for 作为对…… 的奖励 / 回报(固定短语)
考点提示:区别于 “award(授予,侧重官方或正式奖励,如 award a prize)”,“reward” 侧重 “因努力、善行等给予的回报”。
例句:The company rewarded employees for their hard work. / She received a medal in reward for her bravery.
16. rush (v. 冲;奔;仓促行事;催促;n. 冲;匆忙;热潮;adj. 匆忙的;紧急的 )
核心短语:
rush into sth. 仓促做某事(如 “rush into marriage” 仓促结婚)
in a rush 匆忙地(固定短语,如 “leave in a rush” 匆忙离开)
考点提示:“rush” 作动词 “催促” 时,常与 “sb. to do sth.” 搭配,如 “rush me to finish” 催促我完成;完形中常考 “匆忙行事” 的场景。
例句:She rushed to catch the last bus. / Don’t rush; take your time.
17. satisfy (v. 满足;使满意;使确信;符合 )
词性转换:satisfaction (n. 满足;满意;称心);satisfied (adj. 感到满足的;满意的);satisfying (adj. 令人满足的;令人满意的);satisfactory (adj. 令人满意的;符合要求的)
核心短语:
be satisfied with 对…… 感到满意
to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
例句:The service satisfied all the guests. / To my satisfaction, he passed the exam.
18. scare (v. 使害怕;使恐惧;受惊吓;n. 害怕;恐惧;惊吓 )
词性转换:scared (adj. 感到害怕的;恐惧的);scary (adj. 令人害怕的;恐怖的)
核心短语:
scare sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓得某人做 / 不做某事
be scared of sth./doing sth. 害怕某物 / 做某事
例句:The loud noise scared me. / She was scared of walking in the dark.
19. schedule (v. 安排;计划;为…… 安排时间;n. 日程表;计划表;时刻表 )
词性转换:scheduled (adj. 安排好的;预定的)
核心短语:
be scheduled to do sth. 预定做某事
ahead of schedule 提前
on schedule 按时;按计划
例句:We scheduled a meeting for tomorrow. / The project was completed ahead of schedule.
20. secure (v. 获得;取得;保护;使安全;adj. 安全的;可靠的;稳固的)
词性转换:security (n. 安全;保障;保安)
核心短语:
be secure about sth. 对某物感到放心(如 “be secure about one’s future” 对自己的未来感到放心)
考点提示:“secure” 作 “获得” 讲时,侧重 “通过努力确保获得”;“security” 是高考高频名词。
例句:He finally secured a place at the university. / We need to improve national security.

1. seek (v. 寻找;寻求;征求;试图 )
词性转换:seeker (n. 寻找者;寻求者)
核心短语:
seek to do sth. 试图做某事(如 “seek to improve” 试图改进;“seek to solve the problem” 试图解决问题)
seek after sth. 追求某物(如 “seek after fame” 追求名利)
考点提示:过去式和过去分词均为 “sought”,易混拼;区别于 “look for(普通寻找,侧重动作)”“find(找到,侧重结果)”,“seek” 更正式,侧重 “有目的的寻求”。
例句:They sought help from the police. / She sought to explain her mistake.
2. select (v. 选择;挑选;选拔;adj. 精选的;挑选出来的 )
词性转换:selection (n. 选择;挑选;选拔;选集);selective (adj. 选择性的;有选择的)
考点提示:区别于 “choose(普通选择,侧重主观意愿)”“pick(挑选,侧重快速或随意选择)”,“select” 更强调 “根据标准精心挑选”;“selection” 常与 “make” 搭配,如 “make a selection”(做出选择)。
例句:She was selected to represent the school in the competition. / The store has a wide selection of toys.
3. sense (v. 感觉到;意识到;察觉;理解;n. 感觉;感官;意识;意义 )
词性转换:sensible (adj. 明智的;合理的;觉察到的);sensitive (adj. 敏感的;灵敏的;易受影响的);sensation (n. 感觉;轰动;轰动一时的事)
核心短语:
make sense 有意义;讲得通(固定短语,如 “this sentence doesn’t make sense” 这个句子讲不通)
make sense of 理解;弄明白(如 “make sense of the problem” 弄明白这个问题)
例句:I could sense her anxiety. / His explanation made no sense to me.
4. separate (v. 分开;分离;隔开;区分;adj. 分开的;分离的;单独的 )
词性转换:separation (n. 分开;分离;隔开);separated (adj. 分开的;分离的)
核心短语:
separate A from B 把 A 和 B 分开 / 分离 / 区分(高考高频,如“separate right from wrong” 区分对错)
be separated from 与…… 分开 / 分离(如 “be separated from family” 与家人分离)
考点提示:区别于 “divide(分割,侧重把整体分成部分,常与 into 搭配)”,“separate” 侧重 “把原本在一起的事物分开,常与 from 搭配”;“separated” 作形容词时,表 “分开的”。例句:The river separates the two villages. / She was separated from her brother during the war.
5. serve (v. 服务;招待;供应;服役;适合 )
词性转换:service (n. 服务;服务机构;维修服务);servant (n. 仆人;服务员)
核心短语:
serve as sth. 充当某物;起某物的作用(如 “serve as a bridge” 充当桥梁;“serve as a reminder” 起提醒作用)
例句:The restaurant serves delicious seafood. / This box can serve as a seat.
6. settle (v. 定居;安顿;解决;定居;平息 )
词性转换:settlement (n. 定居;定居点;解决;协议);settled (adj. 定居的;稳定的;解决的)
核心短语:
settle down 定居;安顿下来;静下心来
考点提示:“settle down to doing sth.” 中 “to” 为介词,后接动名词。
例句:They finally settled the argument. / She plans to settle down after graduation.
7. shake (v. 摇动;摇晃;颤抖;握手;n. 摇动;摇晃;颤抖 )
词性转换:shaking (n. 摇动;颤抖);shaky (adj. 摇晃的;不稳定的;颤抖的)
核心短语:
shake sth./sb. 摇动 / 摇晃 / 颤抖某物 / 某人;与某人握手
shake one’s head 摇头(表示不同意或否定)
考点提示:过去式 “shook”,过去分词 “shaken”,语法填空常考不规则变化

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