资源简介 第03讲 高考高频名词目录01考情探究 102名词分类 103高频名词一览表 204高频名词默写表 705考点精讲 1106单词拼写 4106单句语法填空 4201考情概览2025年全国一卷总词数为3443个,去重后1014个。其中,课标词785个,占比77.4%;课标词的派生、合成词168个占比16.6%;课标未收、教材未学词150个,占比14.7%;课标外词61个,占6.0%。02考情分析在词汇考察上注重熟词生义、一词多义的语境化用,empty、stuff、store、spare的动词用法都被放到了选项中考察。此外,全卷中高频出现了构词法衍生词,需要根据构词法推出词义,要求准确掌握单词的词性转换、词形变换;文章中还出现了很多合成词,如decarbonize、 breakdown、lightweight、electrified、redesign、mobility、rethink、microplastics、hardness、severity、unsung、giveaways、cutting-edge、minimalist、conceptual。03备考策略在2026届高考备考过程中要摒弃独立背单词的模式,强化词汇语境化学习和构词法扩展。通过阅读外刊、英文小说、真题语篇等,在真实语境中理解记忆单词。积累一词多义、熟词生义现象,进行词义推测训练,努力实现单词的“活学活用”。名词分类高频名词一览表序号 名词原形 音标 词义 复数变形absence / bs ns/ n. 缺席;不在场;缺乏 absencesaccess / kses/ n. 通道;进入;使用权;v. 进入;获取 不可数名词account / ka nt/ n. 账户;描述;解释;v. 认为;解释 accountsadventure / d vent (r)/ n. 冒险;奇遇;v. 冒险 adventuresadvice / d va s/ n. 建议;劝告;通知 不可数名词ambition / m b n/ n. 野心;抱负;v. 追求;有野心 ambitionsamount / ma nt/ n. 数量;金额;v. 总计;等于 amountsapproach / pr t / v. 接近;靠近;n. 方法;途径 approachesattention / ten n/ n. 注意;关注;注意力 不可数名词beauty / bju ti/ n. 美;美丽;美人;美好的东西 beauties(美人;美好的东西)benefit / ben f t/ n. 利益;好处;v. 有益于;受益 benefitsbond /b nd/ n. 债券;结合;纽带;v. 结合;黏合 bondsbranch /brɑ nt / n. 树枝;分支;部门;v. 分支;分叉 branchescash /k / n. 现金;现款;v. 兑现;付现 不可数名词challenge / t l nd / n. 挑战;难题;v. 挑战;质疑 challengeschance /t ɑ ns/ n. 机会;可能性;v. 偶然发生;冒险 chancescomfort / k mf t/ n. 舒适;安慰;v. 安慰;使舒适 comforts(令人感到安慰的人或事物)concept / k nsept/ n. 概念;观念 conceptsconcern /k n s n/ v. 涉及;担心;n. 关心;忧虑;利害关系 concernscondition /k n d n/ n. 条件;状况;v. 使适应;改善状况 conditionscontrol /k n tr l/ v. 控制;管理;n. 控制;支配 controlsconvince /k n v ns/ v. 说服;使确信 不可数名词death /deθ/ n. 死亡;消亡 不可数名词delight /d la t/ n. 高兴;快乐;v. 使高兴;使欣喜 delights(乐事)diet / da t/ n. 饮食;节食;v. 节食;按规定饮食 dietsdistance / d st ns/ n. 距离;远方;v. 疏远;远离 distancesdozen / d zn/ n. 一打;十二个;adj. 一打的 dozenseffect / fekt/ n. 效果;影响;v. 使发生;实现 effectseffort / ef t/ n. 努力;尽力;成就 effortsevent / vent/ n. 事件;大事;活动 eventsevidence / ev d ns/ n. 证据;证明;v. 证明;证实 不可数名词fortune / f t u n/ n. 财富;运气;命运 fortunesgeneration / d en re n/ n. 一代;一代人;产生 generationsglobe /ɡl b/ n. 地球;地球仪;球体;v. 使成球状 globesguarantee / ɡ r n ti / v. 保证;担保;n. 保证;保证书 guaranteeshandle / h ndl/ v. 处理;操作;n. 把手;柄 handlesharm /hɑ m/ n. 伤害;损害;v. 伤害;损害 不可数名词harmony / hɑ m ni/ n. 和谐;协调;融洽 不可数名词host /h st/ n. 主人;主持人;v. 主持;主办 hostsindustry / nd stri/ n. 工业;产业;行业 industriesjudge /d d / v. 判断;评判;n. 法官;裁判 judgeslimit / l m t/ n. 限制;限度;v. 限制;限定 limitsmaterial /m t ri l/ n. 材料;素材;adj. 物质的;实际的 materialsmeans /mi nz/ n. 方法;手段;财富 means(单复数同形)nature / ne t (r)/ n. 自然;天性;本质 naturesorigin / r d n/ n. 起源;根源;出身 originspain /pe n/ n. 疼痛;痛苦;v. 使痛苦;使苦恼 painspatience / pe ns/ n. 耐心;忍耐 不可数名词performance /p f m ns/ n. 表演;表现;业绩 performancespower / pa (r)/ n. 力量;权力;v. 驱动;供电 powerspraise /pre z/ v. 表扬;赞扬;n. 表扬;赞美的话 praisesquality / kw l ti/ n. 质量;品质;adj. 优质的 qualitiesquantity / kw nt ti/ n. 数量;总量 quantitiesrange /re nd / n. 范围;系列;v. 变化;排列 rangesreality /ri l ti/ n. 现实;实际;真实 realitiesrecipe / res pi/ n. 食谱;方法;秘诀 recipesrelief /r li f/ n. 缓解;减轻;救济 reliefsrespect /r spekt/ v. 尊重;敬佩;n. 尊重;方面 respectsresponsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 责任;职责 responsibilitiesreward /r w d/ n. 奖励;报酬;v. 奖励;奖赏 rewardsrole /r l/ n. 角色;作用;职责 rolesschedule / edju l/ n. 日程;安排;v. 安排;排定 schedulesservice / s v s/ n. 服务;服务机构;v. 维修;服务 servicessight /sa t/ n. 视力;景象;v. 看见;发现 sightssignificance /s ɡ n f k ns/ n. 重要性;意义 不可数名词spirit / sp r t/ n. 精神;心灵;v. 鼓舞;使振作 spiritsstrength /stre θ/ n. 力量;体力;优势 strengthsstruggle / str ɡl/ v. 奋斗;挣扎;n. 奋斗;斗争 strugglessympathy / s mp θi/ n. 同情;同情心 不可数名词system / s st m/ n. 系统;体系;制度 systemstarget / tɑ ɡ t/ n. 目标;靶子;v. 瞄准;以… 为目标 targetsthirst /θ st/ n. 口渴;渴望;v. 渴望;渴求 不可数名词tip /t p/ n. 提示;小费;v. 倾斜;给小费 tipstrack /tr k/ n. 轨道;踪迹;v. 追踪;跟踪 tracksurge / d / v. 催促;力劝;n. 强烈的欲望 urgesvariety /v ra ti/ n. 多样;种类;变化 varietiesvictim / v kt m/ n. 受害者;牺牲品 victimsview /vju / n. 观点;风景;v. 看待;观看 viewsviolence / va l ns/ n. 暴力;暴行 不可数名词volunteer / v l n t (r)/ n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做;主动提出 volunteerswhisper / w sp (r)/ v. 低语;耳语;n. 低语;秘密 whispers高频名词默写表序号 词义 名词原形n. 缺席;不在场;缺乏n. 通道;进入;使用权;v. 进入;获取n. 账户;描述;解释;v. 认为;解释n. 冒险;奇遇;v. 冒险n. 建议;劝告;通知n. 野心;抱负;v. 追求;有野心n. 数量;金额;v. 总计;等于v. 接近;靠近;n. 方法;途径n. 注意;关注;注意力n. 美;美丽;美人;美好的东西n. 利益;好处;v. 有益于;受益n. 债券;结合;纽带;v. 结合;黏合n. 树枝;分支;部门;v. 分支;分叉n. 现金;现款;v. 兑现;付现n. 挑战;难题;v. 挑战;质疑n. 机会;可能性;v. 偶然发生;冒险n. 舒适;安慰;v. 安慰;使舒适n. 概念;观念v. 涉及;担心;n. 关心;忧虑;利害关系n. 条件;状况;v. 使适应;改善状况v. 控制;管理;n. 控制;支配v. 说服;使确信n. 死亡;消亡n. 高兴;快乐;v. 使高兴;使欣喜n. 饮食;节食;v. 节食;按规定饮食n. 距离;远方;v. 疏远;远离n. 一打;十二个;adj. 一打的n. 效果;影响;v. 使发生;实现n. 努力;尽力;成就n. 事件;大事;活动n. 证据;证明;v. 证明;证实n. 财富;运气;命运n. 一代;一代人;产生n. 地球;地球仪;球体;v. 使成球状v. 保证;担保;n. 保证;保证书v. 处理;操作;n. 把手;柄n. 伤害;损害;v. 伤害;损害n. 和谐;协调;融洽n. 主人;主持人;v. 主持;主办n. 工业;产业;行业v. 判断;评判;n. 法官;裁判n. 限制;限度;v. 限制;限定n. 材料;素材;adj. 物质的;实际的n. 方法;手段;财富n. 自然;天性;本质n. 起源;根源;出身n. 疼痛;痛苦;v. 使痛苦;使苦恼n. 耐心;忍耐n. 表演;表现;业绩n. 力量;权力;v. 驱动;供电v. 表扬;赞扬;n. 表扬;赞美的话n. 质量;品质;adj. 优质的n. 数量;总量n. 范围;系列;v. 变化;排列n. 现实;实际;真实n. 食谱;方法;秘诀n. 缓解;减轻;救济v. 尊重;敬佩;n. 尊重;方面n. 责任;职责n. 奖励;报酬;v. 奖励;奖赏n. 角色;作用;职责n. 日程;安排;v. 安排;排定n. 服务;服务机构;v. 维修;服务n. 视力;景象;v. 看见;发现n. 重要性;意义n. 精神;心灵;v. 鼓舞;使振作n. 力量;体力;优势v. 奋斗;挣扎;n. 奋斗;斗争n. 同情;同情心n. 系统;体系;制度n. 目标;靶子;v. 瞄准;以… 为目标n. 口渴;渴望;v. 渴望;渴求n. 提示;小费;v. 倾斜;给小费n. 轨道;踪迹;v. 追踪;跟踪v. 催促;力劝;n. 强烈的欲望n. 多样;种类;变化n. 受害者;牺牲品n. 观点;风景;v. 看待;观看n. 暴力;暴行n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做;主动提出v. 低语;耳语;n. 低语;秘密考点精讲absence / bs ns/n. 缺席;不在场;缺乏词性转换形容词:absent(缺席的;缺乏的)副词:absently(心不在焉地)固定搭配in the absence of 缺乏…… 时;当…… 不在时absence from 缺席(某地 / 某事)易错点不可数名词,无复数形式;易与 “absent(adj.)” 混淆词性。例句Her absence from class yesterday worried the teacher.(她昨天缺课让老师很担心。)In the absence of rain, the crops died.(由于缺水,庄稼枯死了。)2. access / kses/n. 通道;进入;使用权 v. 进入;获取词性转换形容词:accessible(可进入的;易接近的)固定搭配have access to 有机会使用;能接近gain access to 获得进入 / 使用的权利易错点作 “使用权” 时不可数;“accessible” 后接介词 “to”,不可接 “for”。例句Students have free access to the library.(学生可免费使用图书馆。)The old building is not accessible to wheelchairs.(这座老楼轮椅无法进入。)3. account / ka nt/n. 账户;描述;解释 v. 认为;解释词性转换名词:accountant(会计师)固定搭配on account of 因为;由于account for 解释;占(比例)give an account of 描述;说明易错点作 “解释” 时,“account for” 不可用于被动语态;易与 “count(计算)” 混淆。例句She was late on account of the heavy rain.(她因为大雨迟到了。)The factory accounts for 30% of local employment.(这家工厂占当地就业的 30%。)4. adventure / d vent (r)/n. 冒险;奇遇 v. 冒险词性转换形容词:adventurous(爱冒险的;大胆的)固定搭配go on an adventure 去冒险adventurous spirit 冒险精神易错点作 “冒险经历” 时可数,作 “冒险精神” 时不可数。例句They went on an adventure in the Amazon rainforest.(他们去亚马逊雨林探险了。)He is an adventurous traveler who loves exploring remote places.(他是个爱冒险的旅行者,喜欢探索偏远地区。)5. advice / d va s/n. 建议;劝告;通知词性转换动词:advise(建议;劝告)固定搭配give advice on 就…… 提建议take/follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议易错点不可数名词,“一条建议” 需说 “a piece of advice”,不可说 “an advice”;“advise” 后接动名词(advise doing)或不定式复合结构(advise sb. to do)。例句My teacher gave me some advice on English learning.(老师给了我一些英语学习的建议。)6. ambition / m b n/n. 野心;抱负;v. 追求;有野心词性转换形容词:ambitious(有野心的;有抱负的)固定搭配have an ambition to do 有做…… 的抱负易错点作 “抱负” 时为褒义,作 “野心” 时为贬义,需结合语境判断。例句His ambition is to become a doctor.(他的抱负是成为一名医生。)7. amount / ma nt/n. 数量;金额;v. 总计;等于固定搭配a large amount of 大量的(后接不可数名词)amount to 总计;相当于易错点与 “number” 辨析:“amount” 修饰不可数名词,“number” 修饰可数名词复数。例句A large amount of money was spent on the project.(这个项目花了很多钱。)The total cost amounts to 10,000 yuan.(总成本共计 1 万元。)8. approach / pr t /v. 接近;靠近;n. 方法;途径词性转换形容词:approachable(可接近的;亲切的)固定搭配approach to (doing) sth. (做某事的)方法 / 途径approach sb. about sth. 就某事与某人接触易错点作 “方法” 时后接介词 “to”,不可接 “of”;与 “method(of doing)”“way(to do/of doing)” 辨析。例句We need a new approach to solving this problem.(我们需要一种新方法解决这个问题。)As winter approaches, the days get shorter.(冬天临近,白天变短了。)9. attention / ten n/n. 注意;关注;注意力词性转换形容词:attentive(专心的;周到的)副词:attentively(专心地)固定搭配pay attention to 注意;关注draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意易错点不可数名词;“pay attention to” 中 “to” 为介词,后接名词或动名词。例句Please pay attention to your spelling.(请注意你的拼写。)The teacher’s story drew the students’ attention.(老师的故事吸引了学生们的注意。)10. beauty / bju ti/n. 美;美丽;美人;美好的东西词性转换形容词:beautiful(美丽的)副词:beautifully(美丽地;出色地)固定搭配the beauty of sth. …… 的美 / 妙处natural beauty 自然美易错点作 “美人;美好的东西” 时可数,作 “美” 时不可数。例句We were struck by the beauty of the lake.(我们被湖水的美景震撼了。)She is a beauty with a kind heart.(她是个心地善良的美人。)11. benefit / ben f t/n. 利益;好处;v. 有益于;受益词性转换形容词:beneficial(有益的)固定搭配benefit from 从…… 中受益be beneficial to 对…… 有益for the benefit of 为了…… 的利益例句People with disabilities can benefit from this policy.(残疾人能从这项政策中受益。)Reading is beneficial to improving vocabulary.(阅读有助于提升词汇量。)12. bond /b nd/n. 债券;结合;纽带;v. 结合;黏合词性转换形容词:bonded(有担保的;粘合的)固定搭配form a bond 建立联系例句A strong bond exists between the two sisters.(这对姐妹之间感情深厚。)The glue bonds the wood firmly.(胶水把木头粘得很牢。)13. branch /brɑ nt /n. 树枝;分支;部门;v. 分支;分叉固定搭配a branch of …… 的分支 / 部门易错点作 “分支” 时可数,易与 “brand(品牌)” 混淆拼写。例句The bank has a branch in every major city.(这家银行在每个大城市都有分行。)14. cash /k /n. 现金;现款;v. 兑现;付现词性转换形容词:cashless(无现金的)固定搭配pay in cash 用现金支付例句Do you accept cash or credit cards (你们收现金还是信用卡?)She went to the bank to cash her salary check.(她去银行兑现工资支票。)15. challenge / t l nd /n. 挑战;难题;v. 挑战;质疑词性转换形容词:challenging(有挑战性的);challenged(有缺陷的)固定搭配face a challenge 面临挑战challenge sb. to do 向某人挑战做某事take on a challenge 接受挑战例句Learning a new language is a big challenge.(学一门新语言是个大挑战。)16. chance /t ɑ ns/n. 机会;可能性;v. 偶然发生;冒险固定搭配by chance 偶然;碰巧have a chance to do 有机会做某事the chance of doing 做某事的可能性易错点与 “opportunity” 辨析:“chance” 侧重 “偶然的机会”,“opportunity” 侧重 “有利的机会”。例句I met her by chance in the street.(我在街上偶然碰到了她。)There’s a good chance of rain tomorrow.(明天很可能下雨。)fort / k mf t/n. 舒适;安慰;v. 安慰;使舒适词性转换形容词:comfortable(舒适的);comforting(令人安慰的)副词:comfortably(舒适地)固定搭配take comfort in 从…… 中得到安慰comfort sb. for sth. 因某事安慰某人易错点作 “令人安慰的人 / 物” 时可数(如 “small comforts”),作 “舒适” 时不可数。例句She took comfort in her mother’s words.(她从妈妈的话中得到安慰。)18. concept / k nsept/n. 概念;观念词性转换形容词:conceptual(概念上的)固定搭配the concept of …… 的概念例句Children find it hard to grasp the concept of time.(孩子们很难理解时间的概念。)19. concern /k n s n/v. 涉及;担心;n. 关心;忧虑;利害关系词性转换形容词:concerned(担心的;有关的);concerning(关于)固定搭配be concerned about/for 担心;关心as far as…be concerned 就…… 而言show concern for 对…… 表示关心易错点“concerned” 作定语时后置(如 “the people concerned” 相关人员),“concerning” 为介词,相当于 “about”。例句Parents are concerned about their children’s safety.(父母担心孩子的安全。)Concerning your request, we will give you a reply soon.(关于你的请求,我们很快会给你答复。)20. condition /k n d n/n. 条件;状况;v. 使适应;改善状况词性转换形容词:conditional(有条件的);unconditional(无条件的)固定搭配on condition that 条件是……in good/bad condition 状况良好 / 糟糕易错点作 “条件” 时可数,作 “状况” 时不可数;“on condition that” 后接从句,不可省略 “that”。例句He agreed to help on condition that we paid him.(他同意帮忙,条件是我们给他报酬。)The car is still in good condition after 10 years.(这辆车开了 10 年状况依然良好。)21. control /k n tr l/v. 控制;管理;n. 控制;支配词性转换形容词:controllable(可控制的);uncontrollable(无法控制的)固定搭配under control 处于控制之下out of control 失控take control of 控制;掌管例句The fire is now under control.(火势现已得到控制。)She took control of the company after her father’s death.(父亲去世后,她掌管了公司。)22. convince /k n v ns/v. 说服;使确信词性转换形容词:convincing(有说服力的);convinced(确信的)固定搭配convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事be convinced that 确信……易错点“convince” 需接人作宾语,不可说 “convince sth.”;“convincing” 修饰物,“convinced” 修饰人。例句I convinced him of my honesty.(我让他相信了我的诚实。)She is convinced that she will succeed.(她确信自己会成功。)23. death /deθ/n. 死亡;消亡词性转换动词:die(死亡)形容词:dead(死亡的);dying(垂死的)固定搭配the death of …… 的死亡 / 消亡die of/from 死于……(of 接疾病、衰老,from 接外部原因)易错点不可数名词;“death” 是名词,不可作谓语(需用 “die”)。例句The old man’s death made us sad.(老人的去世让我们很伤心。)He died of a heart attack last year.(他去年死于心脏病发作。)24. delight /d la t/n. 高兴;快乐;v. 使高兴;使欣喜词性转换形容词:delightful(令人高兴的);delighted(高兴的)固定搭配to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是be delighted to do 高兴做某事take delight in 以…… 为乐易错点“delightful” 修饰物,“delighted” 修饰人;作 “乐事” 时可数(如 “the delights of travel”)。例句To my delight, I passed the exam.(令我高兴的是,我通过了考试。)She was delighted to meet her old friend.(她很高兴见到老朋友。)25. diet / da t/n. 饮食;节食;v. 节食;按规定饮食词性转换形容词:dietary(饮食的;节食的)固定搭配go on a diet 节食dietary habits 饮食习惯例句A balanced diet is important for health.(均衡饮食对健康很重要。)She decided to go on a diet to lose weight.(她决定节食减肥。)26. distance / d st ns/n. 距离;远方;v. 疏远;远离词性转换形容词:distant(遥远的;疏远的)副词:distantly(遥远地)固定搭配in the distance 在远处keep one’s distance from 与…… 保持距离distance oneself from 与…… 疏远例句We saw a ship in the distance.(我们看到远处有一艘船。)She tried to distance herself from the scandal.(她试图与这起丑闻撇清关系。)27. dozen / d zn/n. 一打;十二个;adj. 一打的固定搭配a dozen of 一打……(后接代词或特指的名词)dozens of 许多;几十易错点前有具体数字时不加 “s”(如 “three dozen eggs”),表泛指时加 “s” 且接 “of”。例句He bought three dozen roses for his girlfriend.(他给女朋友买了三打玫瑰。)Dozens of students attended the lecture.(几十名学生参加了讲座。)28. effect / fekt/n. 效果;影响;v. 使发生;实现词性转换动词:affect(v. 影响;打动)形容词:effective(有效的);ineffective(无效的)固定搭配have an effect on 对…… 有影响take effect 生效;起作用in effect 实际上;本质上易错点与 “affect” 辨析:“effect” 作 “影响” 时为名词,“affect” 为动词。例句The new policy had a positive effect on the economy.(新政策对经济产生了积极影响。)The medicine will take effect in half an hour.(药物将在半小时后生效。)29. effort / ef t/n. 努力;尽力;成就词性转换形容词:effortless(不费力的);effortful(费力的)固定搭配make an effort to do 努力做某事spare no effort 不遗余力with effort 费力地易错点作 “努力” 时不可数,作 “具体努力的行为” 时可数(如 “several efforts”);“make efforts to do” 与 “make an effort to do” 同义。例句She made every effort to pass the exam.(她尽全力通过考试。)He lifted the heavy box with great effort.(他费力地举起了那个重箱子。)30. event / vent/n. 事件;大事;活动词性转换形容词:eventual(最终的)副词:eventually(最终)固定搭配in the event of 万一;倘若major events 重大事件sports events 体育赛事易错点与 “incident” 辨析:“event” 指 “重大事件”,“incident” 指 “小事件;事变”(如 “traffic incident” 交通事故)。例句The opening ceremony was the biggest event of the year.(开幕式是今年最重大的活动。)31. evidence / ev d ns/n. 证据;证明;v. 证明;证实词性转换形容词:evident(明显的)副词:evidently(明显地)固定搭配provide evidence for 为…… 提供证据there is evidence that 有证据表明……易错点不可数名词,“一条证据” 需说 “a piece of evidence”;“evident” 为形容词,不可与 “evidence” 混淆词性。例句The police found no evidence of theft.(警方没有找到盗窃的证据。)It is evident that she has made great progress.(很明显她取得了很大进步。)32. fortune / f t u n/n. 财富;运气;命运词性转换形容词:fortunate(幸运的);unfortunate(不幸的)副词:fortunately(幸运地);unfortunately(不幸地)固定搭配make a fortune 发财by fortune 侥幸;偶然易错点作 “财富” 时可数(如 “a large fortune”),作 “运气” 时不可数;易与 “misfortune(不幸)” 混淆。例句He made a fortune in the IT industry.(他在 IT 行业发了财。)Fortunately, we arrived on time despite the traffic.(幸运的是,尽管堵车我们还是准时到了。)33. generation / d en re n/n. 一代;一代人;产生词性转换动词:generate(产生;生成)形容词:generational(代际的)固定搭配generation gap 代沟the younger/older generation 年轻 / 老一代例句There is a big generation gap between my parents and me.(我和父母之间有很大的代沟。)34. globe /ɡl b/n. 地球;地球仪;球体;v. 使成球状词性转换形容词:global(全球的;整体的)副词:globally(全球地)固定搭配around the globe 全世界global warming 全球变暖global economy 全球经济例句Her work has been recognized around the globe.(她的工作得到了全世界的认可。)Global warming is a serious threat to the environment.(全球变暖是对环境的严重威胁。)35. guarantee / ɡ r n ti /v. 保证;担保;n. 保证;保证书词性转换形容词:guaranteed(有保证的)固定搭配guarantee sth. for (时间) 保证某物使用……(时间)give a guarantee 提供保证guarantee to do 保证做某事易错点作动词时,可接双宾语(guarantee sb. sth.),如 “He guaranteed me a job.”(他保证给我一份工作。)例句The product is guaranteed for three years.(这款产品保修三年。)The company gave a guarantee of quality.(该公司提供质量保证。)36. handle / h ndl/v. 处理;操作;n. 把手;柄词性转换形容词:handy(方便的;手巧的)固定搭配handle a problem 处理问题get a handle on 理解;掌握a door handle 门把手易错点与 “deal with” 辨析:“handle” 为及物动词,直接接宾语(handle the issue);“deal with” 为固定短语,不可省略 “with”(deal with the issue)。例句She is good at handling difficult customers.(她善于应对难缠的顾客。)I need to get a handle on this new software.(我需要掌握这款新软件。)37. harm /hɑ m/n. 伤害;损害;v. 伤害;损害词性转换形容词:harmful(有害的);harmless(无害的)固定搭配do harm to 对…… 造成伤害易错点不可数名词;“do harm to” 中 “harm” 前不可加 “a”,也可表达为 “harm sb./sth.”(动词用法)。例句Smoking does great harm to health.(吸烟对健康有很大危害。)The medicine is harmless to children.(这种药对儿童无害。)38. harmony / hɑ m ni/n. 和谐;协调;融洽词性转换形容词:harmonious(和谐的;融洽的)固定搭配in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处social harmony 社会和谐harmonious relationship 融洽的关系易错点不可数名词;“in harmony with” 为固定短语,“harmony” 后不可接 “to”。例句We should live in harmony with nature.(我们应该与自然和谐共处。)39. host /h st/n. 主人;主持人;v. 主持;主办词性转换名词:hostess(女主人;女主持人)形容词:hospitable(好客的)固定搭配host a party 举办派对host country 主办国易错点作 “主人” 时,与 “guest(客人)” 相对;作动词 “主办” 时,主语常为国家、城市或机构。例句She will host a dinner party for her friends.(她将为朋友们举办晚宴。)China was the host country of the 2022 Winter Olympics.(中国是 2022 年冬奥会的主办国。)40. industry / nd stri/n. 工业;产业;行业词性转换形容词:industrial(工业的);industrious(勤奋的)固定搭配heavy industry 重工业易错点易与 “industrious(勤奋的)” 混淆词义;“industry” 作 “行业” 时可数(如 “different industries”)。例句The city’s main industry is car manufacturing.(这座城市的主要产业是汽车制造。)41. judge /d d /v. 判断;评判;n. 法官;裁判词性转换名词:judgment/judgement(判断;判决)固定搭配judge by/from 根据…… 判断make a judgment 做出判断易错点“judge by/from” 中 “by/from” 不可省略,如 “Judging from his accent, he is from the south.”(从口音判断,他来自南方。)例句Don’t judge a person by his appearance.(不要以貌取人。)The judge gave a fair judgment.(法官做出了公正的判决。)42. limit / l m t/n. 限制;限度;v. 限制;限定词性转换形容词:limited(有限的);limitless(无限的)名词:limitation(限制;局限)固定搭配set a limit to 对…… 设定限制within limits 在合理范围内易错点“limit” 作动词时,“limit to” 中 “to” 为介词,后接动名词;“limitation” 侧重 “自身的局限”,“limit” 侧重 “外部的限制”。例句The government set a limit to the number of cars.(政府对汽车数量设定了限制。)We are limited to 100 words for this essay.(这篇作文要求限制在 100 词以内。)43. material /m t ri l/n. 材料;素材;adj. 物质的;实际的易错点作 “材料” 时可数,作 “素材” 时不可数。例句She bought some material to make a dress.(她买了些布料做连衣裙。)The book is based on real historical material.(这本书基于真实的历史素材。)44. means /mi nz/n. 方法;手段;财富固定搭配by means of 通过…… 方式live within one’s means 量入为出易错点单复数同形,如 “a means”(一种方法)、“many means”(多种方法);不可说 “a mean” 或 “many meanses”。例句He succeeded by means of hard work.(他通过努力工作取得了成功。)Buses are an important means of transport in cities.(公交车是城市重要的交通工具。)45. nature / ne t (r)/n. 自然;天性;本质词性转换形容词:natural(自然的;天生的)副词:naturally(自然地;天生地)固定搭配human nature 人性by nature 天生地;本质上易错点作 “自然” 时不可数,前不加冠词;作 “天性” 时可数(如 “different natures”)。例句We should protect nature and wild animals.(我们应该保护自然和野生动物。)She is kind by nature.(她天生善良。)46. origin / r d n/n. 起源;根源;出身词性转换形容词:original(原始的;原创的)副词:originally(最初;原本)固定搭配the origin of …… 的起源of noble origin 出身名门易错点常用复数 “origins” 表示 “起源”。例句The origin of this custom dates back to ancient times.(这个习俗的起源可追溯到古代。)47. pain /pe n/n. 疼痛;痛苦;v. 使痛苦;使苦恼词性转换形容词:painful(痛苦的;疼痛的);painless(无痛的)副词:painfully(痛苦地;费力地)固定搭配in pain 处于痛苦中take pains to do 煞费苦心做某事painful experience 痛苦的经历易错点作 “疼痛” 时不可数,作 “痛苦的事” 时可数(如 “many pains”);“take pains” 中 “pains” 必须用复数。例句She cried out in pain when she fell.(她摔倒时疼得大叫。)He took great pains to finish the report on time.(他煞费苦心按时完成了报告。)48. patience / pe ns/n. 耐心;忍耐词性转换形容词:patient(有耐心的)副词:patiently(耐心地)固定搭配have patience with 对…… 有耐心lose patience 失去耐心be patient with 对…… 有耐心易错点不可数名词;“have patience with” 与 “be patient with” 同义,前者用名词,后者用形容词。例句Teachers need to have patience with their students.(老师需要对学生有耐心。)She waited patiently for her turn.(她耐心地等待轮到自己。)49. performance /p f m ns/n. 表演;表现;业绩词性转换动词:perform(表演;执行;表现)形容词:performance-based(基于表现的)固定搭配give a performance 进行表演academic performance 学业表现易错点作 “表演”“表现” 时可数;“perform” 作 “表现” 时,主语可为人或物(如 “The machine performed well.” 机器运行良好。)。例句The singer gave a wonderful performance last night.(这位歌手昨晚表演得很精彩。)His performance in the exam was excellent.(他的考试成绩很优秀。)50. power / pa (r)/n. 力量;权力;v. 驱动;供电词性转换形容词:powerful(强大的;有力的);powerless(无力的)副词:powerfully(强大地)固定搭配have the power to do 有能力做某事come to power 掌权;执政solar power 太阳能易错点作 “权力”“力量” 时不可数,作 “具体能力”“电力” 时可数(如 “creative powers” 创造力);与 “force” 辨析:“power” 侧重 “能力、权力”,“force” 侧重 “武力、外力”。例句She has the power to change the company’s policy.(她有能力改变公司的政策。)The new government came to power last month.(新政府上月开始执政。)51. praise /pre z/v. 表扬;赞扬;n. 表扬;赞美的话词性转换形容词:praiseworthy(值得表扬的)固定搭配sing high praise for 高度赞扬praise sb. for sth. 因某事表扬某人deserve praise 值得表扬易错点作名词时,可作可数(“a praise” 不成立,需说 “a word of praise”)或不可数;“praise” 不可用于被动语态(如 “People praised him.” 正确,“He was praised by people.” 正确,但不可说 “He was given a praise.”)。例句Teachers sang high praise for the student’s progress.(老师们高度赞扬了这个学生的进步。)She was praised for her hard work.(她因努力工作受到了表扬。)52. quality / kw l ti/n. 质量;品质;adj. 优质的固定搭配high-quality 高质量的good qualities 优良品质易错点与 “quantity” 辨析:“quality” 表 “质量、品质”,“quantity” 表 “数量”,常考搭配 “quality over quantity”(质量优于数量)。例句Honesty is an important quality for everyone.(诚实是每个人的重要品质。)53. quantity / kw nt ti/n. 数量;总量固定搭配a large quantity of 大量的(后接可数 / 不可数名词)quantities of 大量的(后接可数 / 不可数名词,谓语动词随 “quantities” 用复数)易错点“a large quantity of” 后接不可数名词时谓语用单数,接可数名词复数时谓语可单可复;“quantities of” 后无论接什么名词,谓语均用复数。例句A large quantity of rice was imported last year.(去年进口了大量大米。)Quantities of books are donated to the village school.(大量书籍被捐赠给了乡村学校。)54. range /re nd /n. 范围;系列;v. 变化;排列固定搭配range from...to... 从…… 到…… 不等a range of 一系列;一套易错点作 “范围” 时可数;“range from...to...” 中 “from” 和 “to” 后需接同类词性(如名词、形容词)。例句Prices range from 100 yuan to 500 yuan.(价格从 100 元到 500 元不等。)The store sells a range of electronic products.(这家商店出售一系列电子产品。)55. reality /ri l ti/n. 现实;实际;真实词性转换形容词:real(真实的);realistic(现实的)副词:really(真正地)固定搭配in reality 实际上;事实上face reality 面对现实turn...into reality 把…… 变成现实易错点不可数名词;“realistic” 侧重 “符合现实的”,“real” 侧重 “客观存在的”,如 “a realistic plan”(切实可行的计划)、“a real person”(真实的人)。例句Her dream of becoming a doctor turned into reality.(她当医生的梦想变成了现实。)56. recipe / res pi/n. 食谱;方法;秘诀固定搭配follow a recipe 按照食谱做例句She gave me a recipe for chocolate cake.(她给了我一份巧克力蛋糕的食谱。)Hard work is the recipe for success.(努力是成功的秘诀。)57. relief /r li f/n. 缓解;减轻;救济词性转换形容词:relieved(感到缓解的);relieving(令人缓解的)固定搭配to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是relief from 从…… 中缓解易错点作 “缓解” 时不可数,作 “救济品” 时可数;“relieved” 修饰人,“relieving” 修饰物,如 “a relieved smile”(释然的微笑)、“relieving pain”(缓解疼痛)。例句To my relief, the child was found safe.(令我欣慰的是,孩子被安全找到了。)She took medicine for relief from a headache.(她吃药缓解头痛。)58. respect /r spekt/v. 尊重;敬佩;n. 尊重;方面词性转换形容词:respectful(恭敬的);respectable(值得尊重的)副词:respectfully(恭敬地)固定搭配show respect for 尊重……respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊重某人in all respects 在各方面易错点作 “尊重” 时不可数,作 “方面” 时常用复数 “respects”;“respectful” 指 “对他人恭敬的”,“respectable” 指 “自身值得尊重的”,如 “a respectful student”(恭敬的学生)、“a respectable teacher”(值得尊重的老师)。例句We should show respect for the elderly.(我们应该尊重老年人。)He is respected for his honesty in all respects.(他在各方面都因诚实而受尊重。)59. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/n. 责任;职责词性转换形容词:responsible(负责任的);irresponsible(不负责任的)副词:responsibly(负责任地)固定搭配take responsibility for 对…… 负责a sense of responsibility 责任感shoulder one’s responsibilities 承担某人的职责易错点可数名词,常用复数 “responsibilities”;“be responsible for” 中 “for” 后接名词或动名词,如 “He is responsible for organizing the meeting.”(他负责组织会议。)例句Parents take responsibility for their children’s education.(父母对孩子的教育负责。)She has a strong sense of responsibility.(她有很强的责任感。)60. reward /r w d/n. 奖励;报酬;v. 奖励;奖赏词性转换形容词:rewarding(有回报的);rewarded(获得奖励的)固定搭配in reward for 作为对…… 的奖励reward sb. for sth. 因某事奖励某人monetary reward 金钱奖励易错点与 “award” 辨析:“reward” 侧重 “因付出而获得的回报”,“award” 侧重 “官方授予的奖项”,如 “a reward for hard work”(努力的回报)、“an award for best actor”(最佳男演员奖)。例句He received a reward for helping the police.(他因帮助警察而获得了奖励。)Teaching is a rewarding job.(教学是一份有回报的工作。)61. role /r l/n. 角色;作用;职责固定搭配play a role in 在…… 中起作用play the role of 扮演…… 的角色key role 关键作用例句Technology plays an important role in modern life.(科技在现代生活中起重要作用。)She played the role of a doctor in the movie.(她在电影中扮演医生的角色。)62. schedule / edju l/n. 日程;安排;v. 安排;排定词性转换形容词:scheduled(预定的)固定搭配on schedule 按时;如期ahead of schedule 提前schedule a meeting 安排会议易错点作动词时,读音为 / ed u l/;“be scheduled to do” 表示 “预定做某事”,如 “The train is scheduled to arrive at 8 a.m.”(火车预定上午 8 点到达。)例句I have a busy schedule today.(我今天日程很忙。)The project was completed ahead of schedule.(项目提前完成了。)63.service / s v s/n. 服务;服务机构;v. 维修;服务词性转换名词:servant(仆人;服务员)固定搭配provide service to 为…… 提供服务service a car 维修汽车易错点作 “服务” 时不可数,作 “服务机构”“公用设施” 时可数(如 “public services” 公共服务设施);“service” 作动词 “维修” 时,宾语多为机器、设备等。例句The hotel provides excellent service for its guests.(这家酒店为客人提供优质服务。)He took his car to the garage to be serviced.(他把车送到修理厂维修。)64. sight /sa t/n. 视力;景象;v. 看见;发现词性转换动词:see(看见,原形)固定搭配lose sight of 看不见;忽略at first sight 第一眼;乍一看catch sight of 看见;发现易错点作 “视力” 时不可数,作 “景象”“名胜” 时常用复数 “sights”(如 “tourist sights” 旅游景点);“sight” 作动词时侧重 “突然看见”,比 “see” 更强调瞬间性。例句She lost sight of her son in the crowd.(她在人群中看不见儿子了。)We caught sight of a rare bird in the forest.(我们在森林里发现了一只稀有鸟类。)65. significance /s ɡ n f k ns/n. 重要性;意义词性转换形容词:significant(重要的;显著的)副词:significantly(显著地;重要地)固定搭配of great significance 具有重要意义the significance of …… 的意义易错点不可数名词;“significant” 可替换 “important”,但语气更强,常用来强调 “有深远影响的”,如 “a significant change”(显著变化)。例句This discovery is of great significance to medicine.(这一发现对医学具有重要意义。)The number of students has increased significantly.(学生人数显著增加了。)66. spirit / sp r t/n. 精神;心灵;v. 鼓舞;使振作词性转换形容词:spiritual(精神的;心灵的)固定搭配in spirit 在精神上spirit sb. up 鼓舞某人易错点作 “精神”“心灵” 时不可数,作 “情绪”“烈酒” 时可数(如 “high spirits” 情绪高涨)。例句The players showed great team spirit during the game.(运动员们在比赛中展现了强烈的团队精神。)67. strength /stre θ/n. 力量;体力;优势词性转换形容词:strong(强壮的;强大的)固定搭配strength and weakness 优势与劣势build up strength 增强力量易错点不可数名词;易与 “power” 辨析:“strength” 侧重 “体力、耐力、优势”,“power” 侧重 “权力、能力、电力”。例句He has the strength to lift the heavy box.(他有力量举起那个重箱子。)One of her strengths is her ability to communicate.(她的优势之一是沟通能力。)68. struggle / str ɡl/v. 奋斗;挣扎;n. 奋斗;斗争固定搭配struggle for 为…… 奋斗struggle to do 努力做某事例句They struggled for freedom for many years.(他们为自由奋斗了很多年。)She struggled to finish the work on time.(她努力按时完成工作。)69. sympathy / s mp θi/n. 同情;同情心词性转换形容词:sympathetic(同情的;赞同的)副词:sympathetically(同情地;赞同地)固定搭配show sympathy for 对…… 表示同情have sympathy with 赞同;同情易错点不可数名词;“sympathetic” 后接 “to/towards”,表 “对…… 同情的”,如 “be sympathetic to the poor”(同情穷人)。例句Everyone showed sympathy for the victim’s family.(所有人都对受害者家属表示同情。)70. system / s st m/n. 系统;体系;制度词性转换形容词:systematic(系统的;有条理的)副词:systematically(系统地;有条理地)固定搭配educational system 教育体系例句The computer’s operating system needs to be updated.(电脑的操作系统需要更新。)71. target / tɑ ɡ t/n. 目标;靶子;v. 瞄准;以…… 为目标固定搭配set a target 设定目标target sth. at 以…… 为目标;瞄准hit the target 击中目标;达到目标例句We set a target of increasing sales by 20%.(我们设定了销售额增长 20% 的目标。)The advertisement is targeted at teenagers.(这则广告以青少年为目标群体。)72. thirst /θ st/n. 口渴;渴望;v. 渴望;渴求固定搭配thirst for 渴望;渴求易错点作 “口渴”“渴望” 时不可数;“thirst” 作动词时仅用于 “thirst for” 短语,表 “渴望某物”,主语通常是人。例句He has a thirst for knowledge.(他渴望知识。)73. tip /t p/n. 提示;小费;v. 倾斜;给小费固定搭配give a tip 给小费useful tips 实用提示tip sth. over 打翻某物易错点作 “提示”“小费” 时可数;“tip” 作动词 “给小费” 时,后接 “sb. + 金额”,如 “tip the waiter 10 yuan”(给服务员 10 元小费)。例句She gave me some tips on how to learn English.(她给了我一些学英语的提示。)He tipped the taxi driver and got out of the car.(他给出租车司机付了小费,然后下了车。)74. track /tr k/n. 轨道;踪迹;v. 追踪;跟踪固定搭配keep track of 记录;了解…… 的动态lose track of 失去…… 的踪迹;忘记track sb./sth. down 追踪到;找到例句She keeps track of her expenses with an app.(她用一个应用记录自己的开销。)The police tracked down the criminal after a week.(警方一周后追踪到了罪犯。)75. urge / d /v. 催促;力劝;n. 强烈的欲望词性转换形容词:urgent(紧急的;迫切的)副词:urgently(紧急地;迫切地)固定搭配urge sb. to do 催促某人做某事have an urge to do 有做某事的强烈欲望易错点“urge” 作动词时语气较强,比 “advise” 更强调 “催促”;“urgent” 作形容词时,常用来修饰 “matter”“request” 等词。例句My parents urged me to study abroad.(父母催促我出国留学。)She had an urge to travel around the world.(她有环游世界的强烈欲望。)76. variety /v ra ti/n. 多样;种类;变化词性转换形容词:various(各种各样的)副词:variously(不同地;多样地)固定搭配a variety of 各种各样的(后接可数 / 不可数名词)易错点“a variety of” 后接可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数,如 “A variety of books are on the shelf.”(书架上有各种各样的书。)例句The store sells a variety of fruits and vegetables.(这家商店出售各种各样的水果蔬菜。)77. victim / v kt m/n. 受害者;牺牲品固定搭配crime victim 犯罪受害者例句She was a victim of a traffic accident.(她是一场交通事故的受害者。)78. view /vju /n. 观点;风景;v. 看待;观看固定搭配in one’s view 在某人看来point of view 观点;看法view sth. as 把…… 看作易错点与 “sight/scene” 辨析:“view” 侧重 “从某处看到的风景”“观点”,“sight” 侧重 “名胜、视力”,“scene” 侧重 “具体场景、场面”。例句In my view, education is the most important thing.(在我看来,教育是最重要的事。)She views this job as a chance to learn.(她把这份工作看作学习的机会。)79. violence / va l ns/n. 暴力;暴行词性转换形容词:violent(暴力的;猛烈的)副词:violently(暴力地;猛烈地)固定搭配domestic violence 家庭暴力易错点不可数名词;“violent” 可修饰 “storm”“crime” 等词,表 “猛烈的”“暴力的”。例句We should oppose all forms of violence.(我们应该反对一切形式的暴力。)A violent storm hit the coastal city last night.(昨晚一场猛烈的暴风雨袭击了这座沿海城市。)80. volunteer / v l n t (r)/n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做;主动提出词性转换形容词:voluntary(自愿的;志愿的)固定搭配volunteer to do 自愿做某事volunteer work 志愿工作voluntary service 志愿服务例句Many students volunteered to clean up the park.(许多学生自愿清理公园。)She has been a volunteer in the hospital for two years.(她在这家医院做了两年志愿者。)81. whisper / w sp (r)/v. 低语;耳语;n. 低语;秘密固定搭配whisper to sb. 对某人低语in a whisper 低声地spread a whisper 散布谣言易错点作 “低语”“秘密” 时可数;“whisper” 作动词时,常与 “to” 连用,表 “对某人小声说话”,如 “She whispered to me about the secret.”(她小声告诉我那个秘密。)例句They whispered to each other during the meeting.(他们在会议期间互相低语。)一、单词拼写请根据句子语境及括号内的汉语提示,填写合适的英语单词。1. The company’s annual ______ (业绩) report shows a significant increase in profits.2. She has a strong ______ (渴望) for knowledge and reads books every night.3. Different ______ (文化) have their own unique traditions and customs.4. The police are still looking for ______ (证据) to solve the mysterious case.5. His ______ (耐心) with the naughty child impressed everyone around him.6. We need to buy some building ______ (材料) before starting the renovation.7. The ______ (暴力) in that movie is not suitable for young children.8. She received a lot of ______ (表扬) for her excellent performance in the play.9. The ______ (距离) between the two cities is about 300 kilometers by train.10. He made a ______ (承诺) to help me with my homework every weekend.11. The new ______ (系统) will make our work more efficient and convenient.12. There are a ______ (十二) of eggs in the refrigerator, enough for breakfast.13. The ______ (角色) of parents is crucial in a child’s growth and development.14. They spent a lot of ______ (努力) preparing for the important exam.15. The ______ (起源) of this ancient festival can be traced back to 2000 years ago.16. She has a ______ (天赋) for music and can play several musical instruments.17. The ______ (效果) of this new medicine will last for at least six hours.18. Volunteers are needed to ______ (主持) the community charity event next week.19. The ______ (质量) of this product is much better than that of the cheaper one.20. He felt a sense of ______ ( relief) when he finally finished his thesis.21. The ______ (力量) of teamwork helped them win the difficult competition.22. We need to set clear ______ (目标) for ourselves at the beginning of the year.23. The ______ (同情) from her neighbors helped her get through the hard time.24. The ______ (数量) of participants in the activity exceeded our expectations.25. She has a wide ______ (范围) of interests, from painting to hiking.26. The ______ (现实) is that we don’t have enough money to buy a new car.27. He had to ______ (挣扎) to make a living when he first moved to the big city.28. The ______ (精神) of the Olympic Games is “faster, higher, stronger”.29. Can you give me a ______ (提示) on how to solve this math problem 30. The ______ (受害者) of the accident were sent to the hospital immediately.二、单句语法填空请根据括号内所给单词,结合语境填入其正确形式。1.The team’s success depended on the joint ______ (effort) of every member.2.Teachers often use different ______ (approach) to keep students interested in class.3.Dealing with naughty children requires a lot of ______ (patient).4.Archaeologists are studying the ______ (origin) of this ancient civilization.5.The police are still looking for more ______ (evidence) to solve the case.6.His repeated ______ (absence) from school led to poor academic performance.7.A large ______ (amount) of time and energy was spent on this project.8.Many young people have lofty ______ (ambition) to change the world.9.The new medicine has had surprising ______ (effect) on treating the disease.10.Over 200 ______ (volunteer) signed up to help with the sports meeting.11.Customers are willing to pay more for better ______ (quality) products.12.The conflict between different ______ (generation) often comes from misunderstanding.13.He inherited a huge ______ (fortunate) from his grandfather last year.14.The village is famous for the ______ (harmonious) between humans and animals.15.She gave me several practical ______ (advise) on career planning.16.The ______ (host) of the TV show interviewed the famous actor yesterday.17.The company adjusted its ______ (target) according to market changes.18.We need to understand the historical ______ (significance) of this event.19.The manager was satisfied with the team’s recent ______ (performance).20.Tourists were attracted by the unique ______ (beautiful) of the coastal scenery.第03讲 高考高频名词目录01考情探究 102名词分类 103高频名词一览表 204高频名词默写表 705考点精讲 1106单词拼写 4106单句语法填空 4301考情概览2025年全国一卷总词数为3443个,去重后1014个。其中,课标词785个,占比77.4%;课标词的派生、合成词168个占比16.6%;课标未收、教材未学词150个,占比14.7%;课标外词61个,占6.0%。02考情分析在词汇考察上注重熟词生义、一词多义的语境化用,empty、stuff、store、spare的动词用法都被放到了选项中考察。此外,全卷中高频出现了构词法衍生词,需要根据构词法推出词义,要求准确掌握单词的词性转换、词形变换;文章中还出现了很多合成词,如decarbonize、 breakdown、lightweight、electrified、redesign、mobility、rethink、microplastics、hardness、severity、unsung、giveaways、cutting-edge、minimalist、conceptual。03备考策略在2026届高考备考过程中要摒弃独立背单词的模式,强化词汇语境化学习和构词法扩展。通过阅读外刊、英文小说、真题语篇等,在真实语境中理解记忆单词。积累一词多义、熟词生义现象,进行词义推测训练,努力实现单词的“活学活用”。名词分类高频名词一览表序号 名词原形 音标 词义 复数变形absence / bs ns/ n. 缺席;不在场;缺乏 absencesaccess / kses/ n. 通道;进入;使用权;v. 进入;获取 不可数名词account / ka nt/ n. 账户;描述;解释;v. 认为;解释 accountsadventure / d vent (r)/ n. 冒险;奇遇;v. 冒险 adventuresadvice / d va s/ n. 建议;劝告;通知 不可数名词ambition / m b n/ n. 野心;抱负;v. 追求;有野心 ambitionsamount / ma nt/ n. 数量;金额;v. 总计;等于 amountsapproach / pr t / v. 接近;靠近;n. 方法;途径 approachesattention / ten n/ n. 注意;关注;注意力 不可数名词beauty / bju ti/ n. 美;美丽;美人;美好的东西 beauties(美人;美好的东西)benefit / ben f t/ n. 利益;好处;v. 有益于;受益 benefitsbond /b nd/ n. 债券;结合;纽带;v. 结合;黏合 bondsbranch /brɑ nt / n. 树枝;分支;部门;v. 分支;分叉 branchescash /k / n. 现金;现款;v. 兑现;付现 不可数名词challenge / t l nd / n. 挑战;难题;v. 挑战;质疑 challengeschance /t ɑ ns/ n. 机会;可能性;v. 偶然发生;冒险 chancescomfort / k mf t/ n. 舒适;安慰;v. 安慰;使舒适 comforts(令人感到安慰的人或事物)concept / k nsept/ n. 概念;观念 conceptsconcern /k n s n/ v. 涉及;担心;n. 关心;忧虑;利害关系 concernscondition /k n d n/ n. 条件;状况;v. 使适应;改善状况 conditionscontrol /k n tr l/ v. 控制;管理;n. 控制;支配 controlsconvince /k n v ns/ v. 说服;使确信 不可数名词death /deθ/ n. 死亡;消亡 不可数名词delight /d la t/ n. 高兴;快乐;v. 使高兴;使欣喜 delights(乐事)diet / da t/ n. 饮食;节食;v. 节食;按规定饮食 dietsdistance / d st ns/ n. 距离;远方;v. 疏远;远离 distancesdozen / d zn/ n. 一打;十二个;adj. 一打的 dozenseffect / fekt/ n. 效果;影响;v. 使发生;实现 effectseffort / ef t/ n. 努力;尽力;成就 effortsevent / vent/ n. 事件;大事;活动 eventsevidence / ev d ns/ n. 证据;证明;v. 证明;证实 不可数名词fortune / f t u n/ n. 财富;运气;命运 fortunesgeneration / d en re n/ n. 一代;一代人;产生 generationsglobe /ɡl b/ n. 地球;地球仪;球体;v. 使成球状 globesguarantee / ɡ r n ti / v. 保证;担保;n. 保证;保证书 guaranteeshandle / h ndl/ v. 处理;操作;n. 把手;柄 handlesharm /hɑ m/ n. 伤害;损害;v. 伤害;损害 不可数名词harmony / hɑ m ni/ n. 和谐;协调;融洽 不可数名词host /h st/ n. 主人;主持人;v. 主持;主办 hostsindustry / nd stri/ n. 工业;产业;行业 industriesjudge /d d / v. 判断;评判;n. 法官;裁判 judgeslimit / l m t/ n. 限制;限度;v. 限制;限定 limitsmaterial /m t ri l/ n. 材料;素材;adj. 物质的;实际的 materialsmeans /mi nz/ n. 方法;手段;财富 means(单复数同形)nature / ne t (r)/ n. 自然;天性;本质 naturesorigin / r d n/ n. 起源;根源;出身 originspain /pe n/ n. 疼痛;痛苦;v. 使痛苦;使苦恼 painspatience / pe ns/ n. 耐心;忍耐 不可数名词performance /p f m ns/ n. 表演;表现;业绩 performancespower / pa (r)/ n. 力量;权力;v. 驱动;供电 powerspraise /pre z/ v. 表扬;赞扬;n. 表扬;赞美的话 praisesquality / kw l ti/ n. 质量;品质;adj. 优质的 qualitiesquantity / kw nt ti/ n. 数量;总量 quantitiesrange /re nd / n. 范围;系列;v. 变化;排列 rangesreality /ri l ti/ n. 现实;实际;真实 realitiesrecipe / res pi/ n. 食谱;方法;秘诀 recipesrelief /r li f/ n. 缓解;减轻;救济 reliefsrespect /r spekt/ v. 尊重;敬佩;n. 尊重;方面 respectsresponsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 责任;职责 responsibilitiesreward /r w d/ n. 奖励;报酬;v. 奖励;奖赏 rewardsrole /r l/ n. 角色;作用;职责 rolesschedule / edju l/ n. 日程;安排;v. 安排;排定 schedulesservice / s v s/ n. 服务;服务机构;v. 维修;服务 servicessight /sa t/ n. 视力;景象;v. 看见;发现 sightssignificance /s ɡ n f k ns/ n. 重要性;意义 不可数名词spirit / sp r t/ n. 精神;心灵;v. 鼓舞;使振作 spiritsstrength /stre θ/ n. 力量;体力;优势 strengthsstruggle / str ɡl/ v. 奋斗;挣扎;n. 奋斗;斗争 strugglessympathy / s mp θi/ n. 同情;同情心 不可数名词system / s st m/ n. 系统;体系;制度 systemstarget / tɑ ɡ t/ n. 目标;靶子;v. 瞄准;以… 为目标 targetsthirst /θ st/ n. 口渴;渴望;v. 渴望;渴求 不可数名词tip /t p/ n. 提示;小费;v. 倾斜;给小费 tipstrack /tr k/ n. 轨道;踪迹;v. 追踪;跟踪 tracksurge / d / v. 催促;力劝;n. 强烈的欲望 urgesvariety /v ra ti/ n. 多样;种类;变化 varietiesvictim / v kt m/ n. 受害者;牺牲品 victimsview /vju / n. 观点;风景;v. 看待;观看 viewsviolence / va l ns/ n. 暴力;暴行 不可数名词volunteer / v l n t (r)/ n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做;主动提出 volunteerswhisper / w sp (r)/ v. 低语;耳语;n. 低语;秘密 whispers高频名词默写表序号 词义 名词原形n. 缺席;不在场;缺乏n. 通道;进入;使用权;v. 进入;获取n. 账户;描述;解释;v. 认为;解释n. 冒险;奇遇;v. 冒险n. 建议;劝告;通知n. 野心;抱负;v. 追求;有野心n. 数量;金额;v. 总计;等于v. 接近;靠近;n. 方法;途径n. 注意;关注;注意力n. 美;美丽;美人;美好的东西n. 利益;好处;v. 有益于;受益n. 债券;结合;纽带;v. 结合;黏合n. 树枝;分支;部门;v. 分支;分叉n. 现金;现款;v. 兑现;付现n. 挑战;难题;v. 挑战;质疑n. 机会;可能性;v. 偶然发生;冒险n. 舒适;安慰;v. 安慰;使舒适n. 概念;观念v. 涉及;担心;n. 关心;忧虑;利害关系n. 条件;状况;v. 使适应;改善状况v. 控制;管理;n. 控制;支配v. 说服;使确信n. 死亡;消亡n. 高兴;快乐;v. 使高兴;使欣喜n. 饮食;节食;v. 节食;按规定饮食n. 距离;远方;v. 疏远;远离n. 一打;十二个;adj. 一打的n. 效果;影响;v. 使发生;实现n. 努力;尽力;成就n. 事件;大事;活动n. 证据;证明;v. 证明;证实n. 财富;运气;命运n. 一代;一代人;产生n. 地球;地球仪;球体;v. 使成球状v. 保证;担保;n. 保证;保证书v. 处理;操作;n. 把手;柄n. 伤害;损害;v. 伤害;损害n. 和谐;协调;融洽n. 主人;主持人;v. 主持;主办n. 工业;产业;行业v. 判断;评判;n. 法官;裁判n. 限制;限度;v. 限制;限定n. 材料;素材;adj. 物质的;实际的n. 方法;手段;财富n. 自然;天性;本质n. 起源;根源;出身n. 疼痛;痛苦;v. 使痛苦;使苦恼n. 耐心;忍耐n. 表演;表现;业绩n. 力量;权力;v. 驱动;供电v. 表扬;赞扬;n. 表扬;赞美的话n. 质量;品质;adj. 优质的n. 数量;总量n. 范围;系列;v. 变化;排列n. 现实;实际;真实n. 食谱;方法;秘诀n. 缓解;减轻;救济v. 尊重;敬佩;n. 尊重;方面n. 责任;职责n. 奖励;报酬;v. 奖励;奖赏n. 角色;作用;职责n. 日程;安排;v. 安排;排定n. 服务;服务机构;v. 维修;服务n. 视力;景象;v. 看见;发现n. 重要性;意义n. 精神;心灵;v. 鼓舞;使振作n. 力量;体力;优势v. 奋斗;挣扎;n. 奋斗;斗争n. 同情;同情心n. 系统;体系;制度n. 目标;靶子;v. 瞄准;以… 为目标n. 口渴;渴望;v. 渴望;渴求n. 提示;小费;v. 倾斜;给小费n. 轨道;踪迹;v. 追踪;跟踪v. 催促;力劝;n. 强烈的欲望n. 多样;种类;变化n. 受害者;牺牲品n. 观点;风景;v. 看待;观看n. 暴力;暴行n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做;主动提出v. 低语;耳语;n. 低语;秘密考点精讲absence / bs ns/n. 缺席;不在场;缺乏词性转换形容词:absent(缺席的;缺乏的)副词:absently(心不在焉地)固定搭配in the absence of 缺乏…… 时;当…… 不在时absence from 缺席(某地 / 某事)易错点不可数名词,无复数形式;易与 “absent(adj.)” 混淆词性。例句Her absence from class yesterday worried the teacher.(她昨天缺课让老师很担心。)In the absence of rain, the crops died.(由于缺水,庄稼枯死了。)2. access / kses/n. 通道;进入;使用权 v. 进入;获取词性转换形容词:accessible(可进入的;易接近的)固定搭配have access to 有机会使用;能接近gain access to 获得进入 / 使用的权利易错点作 “使用权” 时不可数;“accessible” 后接介词 “to”,不可接 “for”。例句Students have free access to the library.(学生可免费使用图书馆。)The old building is not accessible to wheelchairs.(这座老楼轮椅无法进入。)3. account / ka nt/n. 账户;描述;解释 v. 认为;解释词性转换名词:accountant(会计师)固定搭配on account of 因为;由于account for 解释;占(比例)give an account of 描述;说明易错点作 “解释” 时,“account for” 不可用于被动语态;易与 “count(计算)” 混淆。例句She was late on account of the heavy rain.(她因为大雨迟到了。)The factory accounts for 30% of local employment.(这家工厂占当地就业的 30%。)4. adventure / d vent (r)/n. 冒险;奇遇 v. 冒险词性转换形容词:adventurous(爱冒险的;大胆的)固定搭配go on an adventure 去冒险adventurous spirit 冒险精神易错点作 “冒险经历” 时可数,作 “冒险精神” 时不可数。例句They went on an adventure in the Amazon rainforest.(他们去亚马逊雨林探险了。)He is an adventurous traveler who loves exploring remote places.(他是个爱冒险的旅行者,喜欢探索偏远地区。)5. advice / d va s/n. 建议;劝告;通知词性转换动词:advise(建议;劝告)固定搭配give advice on 就…… 提建议take/follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议易错点不可数名词,“一条建议” 需说 “a piece of advice”,不可说 “an advice”;“advise” 后接动名词(advise doing)或不定式复合结构(advise sb. to do)。例句My teacher gave me some advice on English learning.(老师给了我一些英语学习的建议。)6. ambition / m b n/n. 野心;抱负;v. 追求;有野心词性转换形容词:ambitious(有野心的;有抱负的)固定搭配have an ambition to do 有做…… 的抱负易错点作 “抱负” 时为褒义,作 “野心” 时为贬义,需结合语境判断。例句His ambition is to become a doctor.(他的抱负是成为一名医生。)7. amount / ma nt/n. 数量;金额;v. 总计;等于固定搭配a large amount of 大量的(后接不可数名词)amount to 总计;相当于易错点与 “number” 辨析:“amount” 修饰不可数名词,“number” 修饰可数名词复数。例句A large amount of money was spent on the project.(这个项目花了很多钱。)The total cost amounts to 10,000 yuan.(总成本共计 1 万元。)8. approach / pr t /v. 接近;靠近;n. 方法;途径词性转换形容词:approachable(可接近的;亲切的)固定搭配approach to (doing) sth. (做某事的)方法 / 途径approach sb. about sth. 就某事与某人接触易错点作 “方法” 时后接介词 “to”,不可接 “of”;与 “method(of doing)”“way(to do/of doing)” 辨析。例句We need a new approach to solving this problem.(我们需要一种新方法解决这个问题。)As winter approaches, the days get shorter.(冬天临近,白天变短了。)9. attention / ten n/n. 注意;关注;注意力词性转换形容词:attentive(专心的;周到的)副词:attentively(专心地)固定搭配pay attention to 注意;关注draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意易错点不可数名词;“pay attention to” 中 “to” 为介词,后接名词或动名词。例句Please pay attention to your spelling.(请注意你的拼写。)The teacher’s story drew the students’ attention.(老师的故事吸引了学生们的注意。)10. beauty / bju ti/n. 美;美丽;美人;美好的东西词性转换形容词:beautiful(美丽的)副词:beautifully(美丽地;出色地)固定搭配the beauty of sth. …… 的美 / 妙处natural beauty 自然美易错点作 “美人;美好的东西” 时可数,作 “美” 时不可数。例句We were struck by the beauty of the lake.(我们被湖水的美景震撼了。)She is a beauty with a kind heart.(她是个心地善良的美人。)11. benefit / ben f t/n. 利益;好处;v. 有益于;受益词性转换形容词:beneficial(有益的)固定搭配benefit from 从…… 中受益be beneficial to 对…… 有益for the benefit of 为了…… 的利益例句People with disabilities can benefit from this policy.(残疾人能从这项政策中受益。)Reading is beneficial to improving vocabulary.(阅读有助于提升词汇量。)12. bond /b nd/n. 债券;结合;纽带;v. 结合;黏合词性转换形容词:bonded(有担保的;粘合的)固定搭配form a bond 建立联系例句A strong bond exists between the two sisters.(这对姐妹之间感情深厚。)The glue bonds the wood firmly.(胶水把木头粘得很牢。)13. branch /brɑ nt /n. 树枝;分支;部门;v. 分支;分叉固定搭配a branch of …… 的分支 / 部门易错点作 “分支” 时可数,易与 “brand(品牌)” 混淆拼写。例句The bank has a branch in every major city.(这家银行在每个大城市都有分行。)14. cash /k /n. 现金;现款;v. 兑现;付现词性转换形容词:cashless(无现金的)固定搭配pay in cash 用现金支付例句Do you accept cash or credit cards (你们收现金还是信用卡?)She went to the bank to cash her salary check.(她去银行兑现工资支票。)15. challenge / t l nd /n. 挑战;难题;v. 挑战;质疑词性转换形容词:challenging(有挑战性的);challenged(有缺陷的)固定搭配face a challenge 面临挑战challenge sb. to do 向某人挑战做某事take on a challenge 接受挑战例句Learning a new language is a big challenge.(学一门新语言是个大挑战。)16. chance /t ɑ ns/n. 机会;可能性;v. 偶然发生;冒险固定搭配by chance 偶然;碰巧have a chance to do 有机会做某事the chance of doing 做某事的可能性易错点与 “opportunity” 辨析:“chance” 侧重 “偶然的机会”,“opportunity” 侧重 “有利的机会”。例句I met her by chance in the street.(我在街上偶然碰到了她。)There’s a good chance of rain tomorrow.(明天很可能下雨。)fort / k mf t/n. 舒适;安慰;v. 安慰;使舒适词性转换形容词:comfortable(舒适的);comforting(令人安慰的)副词:comfortably(舒适地)固定搭配take comfort in 从…… 中得到安慰comfort sb. for sth. 因某事安慰某人易错点作 “令人安慰的人 / 物” 时可数(如 “small comforts”),作 “舒适” 时不可数。例句She took comfort in her mother’s words.(她从妈妈的话中得到安慰。)18. concept / k nsept/n. 概念;观念词性转换形容词:conceptual(概念上的)固定搭配the concept of …… 的概念例句Children find it hard to grasp the concept of time.(孩子们很难理解时间的概念。)19. concern /k n s n/v. 涉及;担心;n. 关心;忧虑;利害关系词性转换形容词:concerned(担心的;有关的);concerning(关于)固定搭配be concerned about/for 担心;关心as far as…be concerned 就…… 而言show concern for 对…… 表示关心易错点“concerned” 作定语时后置(如 “the people concerned” 相关人员),“concerning” 为介词,相当于 “about”。例句Parents are concerned about their children’s safety.(父母担心孩子的安全。)Concerning your request, we will give you a reply soon.(关于你的请求,我们很快会给你答复。)20. condition /k n d n/n. 条件;状况;v. 使适应;改善状况词性转换形容词:conditional(有条件的);unconditional(无条件的)固定搭配on condition that 条件是……in good/bad condition 状况良好 / 糟糕易错点作 “条件” 时可数,作 “状况” 时不可数;“on condition that” 后接从句,不可省略 “that”。例句He agreed to help on condition that we paid him.(他同意帮忙,条件是我们给他报酬。)The car is still in good condition after 10 years.(这辆车开了 10 年状况依然良好。)21. control /k n tr l/v. 控制;管理;n. 控制;支配词性转换形容词:controllable(可控制的);uncontrollable(无法控制的)固定搭配under control 处于控制之下out of control 失控take control of 控制;掌管例句The fire is now under control.(火势现已得到控制。)She took control of the company after her father’s death.(父亲去世后,她掌管了公司。)22. convince /k n v ns/v. 说服;使确信词性转换形容词:convincing(有说服力的);convinced(确信的)固定搭配convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事be convinced that 确信……易错点“convince” 需接人作宾语,不可说 “convince sth.”;“convincing” 修饰物,“convinced” 修饰人。例句I convinced him of my honesty.(我让他相信了我的诚实。)She is convinced that she will succeed.(她确信自己会成功。)23. death /deθ/n. 死亡;消亡词性转换动词:die(死亡)形容词:dead(死亡的);dying(垂死的)固定搭配the death of …… 的死亡 / 消亡die of/from 死于……(of 接疾病、衰老,from 接外部原因)易错点不可数名词;“death” 是名词,不可作谓语(需用 “die”)。例句The old man’s death made us sad.(老人的去世让我们很伤心。)He died of a heart attack last year.(他去年死于心脏病发作。)24. delight /d la t/n. 高兴;快乐;v. 使高兴;使欣喜词性转换形容词:delightful(令人高兴的);delighted(高兴的)固定搭配to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是be delighted to do 高兴做某事take delight in 以…… 为乐易错点“delightful” 修饰物,“delighted” 修饰人;作 “乐事” 时可数(如 “the delights of travel”)。例句To my delight, I passed the exam.(令我高兴的是,我通过了考试。)She was delighted to meet her old friend.(她很高兴见到老朋友。)25. diet / da t/n. 饮食;节食;v. 节食;按规定饮食词性转换形容词:dietary(饮食的;节食的)固定搭配go on a diet 节食dietary habits 饮食习惯例句A balanced diet is important for health.(均衡饮食对健康很重要。)She decided to go on a diet to lose weight.(她决定节食减肥。)26. distance / d st ns/n. 距离;远方;v. 疏远;远离词性转换形容词:distant(遥远的;疏远的)副词:distantly(遥远地)固定搭配in the distance 在远处keep one’s distance from 与…… 保持距离distance oneself from 与…… 疏远例句We saw a ship in the distance.(我们看到远处有一艘船。)She tried to distance herself from the scandal.(她试图与这起丑闻撇清关系。)27. dozen / d zn/n. 一打;十二个;adj. 一打的固定搭配a dozen of 一打……(后接代词或特指的名词)dozens of 许多;几十易错点前有具体数字时不加 “s”(如 “three dozen eggs”),表泛指时加 “s” 且接 “of”。例句He bought three dozen roses for his girlfriend.(他给女朋友买了三打玫瑰。)Dozens of students attended the lecture.(几十名学生参加了讲座。)28. effect / fekt/n. 效果;影响;v. 使发生;实现词性转换动词:affect(v. 影响;打动)形容词:effective(有效的);ineffective(无效的)固定搭配have an effect on 对…… 有影响take effect 生效;起作用in effect 实际上;本质上易错点与 “affect” 辨析:“effect” 作 “影响” 时为名词,“affect” 为动词。例句The new policy had a positive effect on the economy.(新政策对经济产生了积极影响。)The medicine will take effect in half an hour.(药物将在半小时后生效。)29. effort / ef t/n. 努力;尽力;成就词性转换形容词:effortless(不费力的);effortful(费力的)固定搭配make an effort to do 努力做某事spare no effort 不遗余力with effort 费力地易错点作 “努力” 时不可数,作 “具体努力的行为” 时可数(如 “several efforts”);“make efforts to do” 与 “make an effort to do” 同义。例句She made every effort to pass the exam.(她尽全力通过考试。)He lifted the heavy box with great effort.(他费力地举起了那个重箱子。)30. event / vent/n. 事件;大事;活动词性转换形容词:eventual(最终的)副词:eventually(最终)固定搭配in the event of 万一;倘若major events 重大事件sports events 体育赛事易错点与 “incident” 辨析:“event” 指 “重大事件”,“incident” 指 “小事件;事变”(如 “traffic incident” 交通事故)。例句The opening ceremony was the biggest event of the year.(开幕式是今年最重大的活动。)31. evidence / ev d ns/n. 证据;证明;v. 证明;证实词性转换形容词:evident(明显的)副词:evidently(明显地)固定搭配provide evidence for 为…… 提供证据there is evidence that 有证据表明……易错点不可数名词,“一条证据” 需说 “a piece of evidence”;“evident” 为形容词,不可与 “evidence” 混淆词性。例句The police found no evidence of theft.(警方没有找到盗窃的证据。)It is evident that she has made great progress.(很明显她取得了很大进步。)32. fortune / f t u n/n. 财富;运气;命运词性转换形容词:fortunate(幸运的);unfortunate(不幸的)副词:fortunately(幸运地);unfortunately(不幸地)固定搭配make a fortune 发财by fortune 侥幸;偶然易错点作 “财富” 时可数(如 “a large fortune”),作 “运气” 时不可数;易与 “misfortune(不幸)” 混淆。例句He made a fortune in the IT industry.(他在 IT 行业发了财。)Fortunately, we arrived on time despite the traffic.(幸运的是,尽管堵车我们还是准时到了。)33. generation / d en re n/n. 一代;一代人;产生词性转换动词:generate(产生;生成)形容词:generational(代际的)固定搭配generation gap 代沟the younger/older generation 年轻 / 老一代例句There is a big generation gap between my parents and me.(我和父母之间有很大的代沟。)34. globe /ɡl b/n. 地球;地球仪;球体;v. 使成球状词性转换形容词:global(全球的;整体的)副词:globally(全球地)固定搭配around the globe 全世界global warming 全球变暖global economy 全球经济例句Her work has been recognized around the globe.(她的工作得到了全世界的认可。)Global warming is a serious threat to the environment.(全球变暖是对环境的严重威胁。)35. guarantee / ɡ r n ti /v. 保证;担保;n. 保证;保证书词性转换形容词:guaranteed(有保证的)固定搭配guarantee sth. for (时间) 保证某物使用……(时间)give a guarantee 提供保证guarantee to do 保证做某事易错点作动词时,可接双宾语(guarantee sb. sth.),如 “He guaranteed me a job.”(他保证给我一份工作。)例句The product is guaranteed for three years.(这款产品保修三年。)The company gave a guarantee of quality.(该公司提供质量保证。)36. handle / h ndl/v. 处理;操作;n. 把手;柄词性转换形容词:handy(方便的;手巧的)固定搭配handle a problem 处理问题get a handle on 理解;掌握a door handle 门把手易错点与 “deal with” 辨析:“handle” 为及物动词,直接接宾语(handle the issue);“deal with” 为固定短语,不可省略 “with”(deal with the issue)。例句She is good at handling difficult customers.(她善于应对难缠的顾客。)I need to get a handle on this new software.(我需要掌握这款新软件。)37. harm /hɑ m/n. 伤害;损害;v. 伤害;损害词性转换形容词:harmful(有害的);harmless(无害的)固定搭配do harm to 对…… 造成伤害易错点不可数名词;“do harm to” 中 “harm” 前不可加 “a”,也可表达为 “harm sb./sth.”(动词用法)。例句Smoking does great harm to health.(吸烟对健康有很大危害。)The medicine is harmless to children.(这种药对儿童无害。)38. harmony / hɑ m ni/n. 和谐;协调;融洽词性转换形容词:harmonious(和谐的;融洽的)固定搭配in harmony with 与…… 和谐相处social harmony 社会和谐harmonious relationship 融洽的关系易错点不可数名词;“in harmony with” 为固定短语,“harmony” 后不可接 “to”。例句We should live in harmony with nature.(我们应该与自然和谐共处。)39. host /h st/n. 主人;主持人;v. 主持;主办词性转换名词:hostess(女主人;女主持人)形容词:hospitable(好客的)固定搭配host a party 举办派对host country 主办国易错点作 “主人” 时,与 “guest(客人)” 相对;作动词 “主办” 时,主语常为国家、城市或机构。例句She will host a dinner party for her friends.(她将为朋友们举办晚宴。)China was the host country of the 2022 Winter Olympics.(中国是 2022 年冬奥会的主办国。)40. industry / nd stri/n. 工业;产业;行业词性转换形容词:industrial(工业的);industrious(勤奋的)固定搭配heavy industry 重工业易错点易与 “industrious(勤奋的)” 混淆词义;“industry” 作 “行业” 时可数(如 “different industries”)。例句The city’s main industry is car manufacturing.(这座城市的主要产业是汽车制造。)41. judge /d d /v. 判断;评判;n. 法官;裁判词性转换名词:judgment/judgement(判断;判决)固定搭配judge by/from 根据…… 判断make a judgment 做出判断易错点“judge by/from” 中 “by/from” 不可省略,如 “Judging from his accent, he is from the south.”(从口音判断,他来自南方。)例句Don’t judge a person by his appearance.(不要以貌取人。)The judge gave a fair judgment.(法官做出了公正的判决。)42. limit / l m t/n. 限制;限度;v. 限制;限定词性转换形容词:limited(有限的);limitless(无限的)名词:limitation(限制;局限)固定搭配set a limit to 对…… 设定限制within limits 在合理范围内易错点“limit” 作动词时,“limit to” 中 “to” 为介词,后接动名词;“limitation” 侧重 “自身的局限”,“limit” 侧重 “外部的限制”。例句The government set a limit to the number of cars.(政府对汽车数量设定了限制。)We are limited to 100 words for this essay.(这篇作文要求限制在 100 词以内。)43. material /m t ri l/n. 材料;素材;adj. 物质的;实际的易错点作 “材料” 时可数,作 “素材” 时不可数。例句She bought some material to make a dress.(她买了些布料做连衣裙。)The book is based on real historical material.(这本书基于真实的历史素材。)44. means /mi nz/n. 方法;手段;财富固定搭配by means of 通过…… 方式live within one’s means 量入为出易错点单复数同形,如 “a means”(一种方法)、“many means”(多种方法);不可说 “a mean” 或 “many meanses”。例句He succeeded by means of hard work.(他通过努力工作取得了成功。)Buses are an important means of transport in cities.(公交车是城市重要的交通工具。)45. nature / ne t (r)/n. 自然;天性;本质词性转换形容词:natural(自然的;天生的)副词:naturally(自然地;天生地)固定搭配human nature 人性by nature 天生地;本质上易错点作 “自然” 时不可数,前不加冠词;作 “天性” 时可数(如 “different natures”)。例句We should protect nature and wild animals.(我们应该保护自然和野生动物。)She is kind by nature.(她天生善良。)46. origin / r d n/n. 起源;根源;出身词性转换形容词:original(原始的;原创的)副词:originally(最初;原本)固定搭配the origin of …… 的起源of noble origin 出身名门易错点常用复数 “origins” 表示 “起源”。例句The origin of this custom dates back to ancient times.(这个习俗的起源可追溯到古代。)47. pain /pe n/n. 疼痛;痛苦;v. 使痛苦;使苦恼词性转换形容词:painful(痛苦的;疼痛的);painless(无痛的)副词:painfully(痛苦地;费力地)固定搭配in pain 处于痛苦中take pains to do 煞费苦心做某事painful experience 痛苦的经历易错点作 “疼痛” 时不可数,作 “痛苦的事” 时可数(如 “many pains”);“take pains” 中 “pains” 必须用复数。例句She cried out in pain when she fell.(她摔倒时疼得大叫。)He took great pains to finish the report on time.(他煞费苦心按时完成了报告。)48. patience / pe ns/n. 耐心;忍耐词性转换形容词:patient(有耐心的)副词:patiently(耐心地)固定搭配have patience with 对…… 有耐心lose patience 失去耐心be patient with 对…… 有耐心易错点不可数名词;“have patience with” 与 “be patient with” 同义,前者用名词,后者用形容词。例句Teachers need to have patience with their students.(老师需要对学生有耐心。)She waited patiently for her turn.(她耐心地等待轮到自己。)49. performance /p f m ns/n. 表演;表现;业绩词性转换动词:perform(表演;执行;表现)形容词:performance-based(基于表现的)固定搭配give a performance 进行表演academic performance 学业表现易错点作 “表演”“表现” 时可数;“perform” 作 “表现” 时,主语可为人或物(如 “The machine performed well.” 机器运行良好。)。例句The singer gave a wonderful performance last night.(这位歌手昨晚表演得很精彩。)His performance in the exam was excellent.(他的考试成绩很优秀。)50. power / pa (r)/n. 力量;权力;v. 驱动;供电词性转换形容词:powerful(强大的;有力的);powerless(无力的)副词:powerfully(强大地)固定搭配have the power to do 有能力做某事come to power 掌权;执政solar power 太阳能易错点作 “权力”“力量” 时不可数,作 “具体能力”“电力” 时可数(如 “creative powers” 创造力);与 “force” 辨析:“power” 侧重 “能力、权力”,“force” 侧重 “武力、外力”。例句She has the power to change the company’s policy.(她有能力改变公司的政策。)The new government came to power last month.(新政府上月开始执政。)51. praise /pre z/v. 表扬;赞扬;n. 表扬;赞美的话词性转换形容词:praiseworthy(值得表扬的)固定搭配sing high praise for 高度赞扬praise sb. for sth. 因某事表扬某人deserve praise 值得表扬易错点作名词时,可作可数(“a praise” 不成立,需说 “a word of praise”)或不可数;“praise” 不可用于被动语态(如 “People praised him.” 正确,“He was praised by people.” 正确,但不可说 “He was given a praise.”)。例句Teachers sang high praise for the student’s progress.(老师们高度赞扬了这个学生的进步。)She was praised for her hard work.(她因努力工作受到了表扬。)52. quality / kw l ti/n. 质量;品质;adj. 优质的固定搭配high-quality 高质量的good qualities 优良品质易错点与 “quantity” 辨析:“quality” 表 “质量、品质”,“quantity” 表 “数量”,常考搭配 “quality over quantity”(质量优于数量)。例句Honesty is an important quality for everyone.(诚实是每个人的重要品质。)53. quantity / kw nt ti/n. 数量;总量固定搭配a large quantity of 大量的(后接可数 / 不可数名词)quantities of 大量的(后接可数 / 不可数名词,谓语动词随 “quantities” 用复数)易错点“a large quantity of” 后接不可数名词时谓语用单数,接可数名词复数时谓语可单可复;“quantities of” 后无论接什么名词,谓语均用复数。例句A large quantity of rice was imported last year.(去年进口了大量大米。)Quantities of books are donated to the village school.(大量书籍被捐赠给了乡村学校。)54. range /re nd /n. 范围;系列;v. 变化;排列固定搭配range from...to... 从…… 到…… 不等a range of 一系列;一套易错点作 “范围” 时可数;“range from...to...” 中 “from” 和 “to” 后需接同类词性(如名词、形容词)。例句Prices range from 100 yuan to 500 yuan.(价格从 100 元到 500 元不等。)The store sells a range of electronic products.(这家商店出售一系列电子产品。)55. reality /ri l ti/n. 现实;实际;真实词性转换形容词:real(真实的);realistic(现实的)副词:really(真正地)固定搭配in reality 实际上;事实上face reality 面对现实turn...into reality 把…… 变成现实易错点不可数名词;“realistic” 侧重 “符合现实的”,“real” 侧重 “客观存在的”,如 “a realistic plan”(切实可行的计划)、“a real person”(真实的人)。例句Her dream of becoming a doctor turned into reality.(她当医生的梦想变成了现实。)56. recipe / res pi/n. 食谱;方法;秘诀固定搭配follow a recipe 按照食谱做例句She gave me a recipe for chocolate cake.(她给了我一份巧克力蛋糕的食谱。)Hard work is the recipe for success.(努力是成功的秘诀。)57. relief /r li f/n. 缓解;减轻;救济词性转换形容词:relieved(感到缓解的);relieving(令人缓解的)固定搭配to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是relief from 从…… 中缓解易错点作 “缓解” 时不可数,作 “救济品” 时可数;“relieved” 修饰人,“relieving” 修饰物,如 “a relieved smile”(释然的微笑)、“relieving pain”(缓解疼痛)。例句To my relief, the child was found safe.(令我欣慰的是,孩子被安全找到了。)She took medicine for relief from a headache.(她吃药缓解头痛。)58. respect /r spekt/v. 尊重;敬佩;n. 尊重;方面词性转换形容词:respectful(恭敬的);respectable(值得尊重的)副词:respectfully(恭敬地)固定搭配show respect for 尊重……respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊重某人in all respects 在各方面易错点作 “尊重” 时不可数,作 “方面” 时常用复数 “respects”;“respectful” 指 “对他人恭敬的”,“respectable” 指 “自身值得尊重的”,如 “a respectful student”(恭敬的学生)、“a respectable teacher”(值得尊重的老师)。例句We should show respect for the elderly.(我们应该尊重老年人。)He is respected for his honesty in all respects.(他在各方面都因诚实而受尊重。)59. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/n. 责任;职责词性转换形容词:responsible(负责任的);irresponsible(不负责任的)副词:responsibly(负责任地)固定搭配take responsibility for 对…… 负责a sense of responsibility 责任感shoulder one’s responsibilities 承担某人的职责易错点可数名词,常用复数 “responsibilities”;“be responsible for” 中 “for” 后接名词或动名词,如 “He is responsible for organizing the meeting.”(他负责组织会议。)例句Parents take responsibility for their children’s education.(父母对孩子的教育负责。)She has a strong sense of responsibility.(她有很强的责任感。)60. reward /r w d/n. 奖励;报酬;v. 奖励;奖赏词性转换形容词:rewarding(有回报的);rewarded(获得奖励的)固定搭配in reward for 作为对…… 的奖励reward sb. for sth. 因某事奖励某人monetary reward 金钱奖励易错点与 “award” 辨析:“reward” 侧重 “因付出而获得的回报”,“award” 侧重 “官方授予的奖项”,如 “a reward for hard work”(努力的回报)、“an award for best actor”(最佳男演员奖)。例句He received a reward for helping the police.(他因帮助警察而获得了奖励。)Teaching is a rewarding job.(教学是一份有回报的工作。)61. role /r l/n. 角色;作用;职责固定搭配play a role in 在…… 中起作用play the role of 扮演…… 的角色key role 关键作用例句Technology plays an important role in modern life.(科技在现代生活中起重要作用。)She played the role of a doctor in the movie.(她在电影中扮演医生的角色。)62. schedule / edju l/n. 日程;安排;v. 安排;排定词性转换形容词:scheduled(预定的)固定搭配on schedule 按时;如期ahead of schedule 提前schedule a meeting 安排会议易错点作动词时,读音为 / ed u l/;“be scheduled to do” 表示 “预定做某事”,如 “The train is scheduled to arrive at 8 a.m.”(火车预定上午 8 点到达。)例句I have a busy schedule today.(我今天日程很忙。)The project was completed ahead of schedule.(项目提前完成了。)63.service / s v s/n. 服务;服务机构;v. 维修;服务词性转换名词:servant(仆人;服务员)固定搭配provide service to 为…… 提供服务service a car 维修汽车易错点作 “服务” 时不可数,作 “服务机构”“公用设施” 时可数(如 “public services” 公共服务设施);“service” 作动词 “维修” 时,宾语多为机器、设备等。例句The hotel provides excellent service for its guests.(这家酒店为客人提供优质服务。)He took his car to the garage to be serviced.(他把车送到修理厂维修。)64. sight /sa t/n. 视力;景象;v. 看见;发现词性转换动词:see(看见,原形)固定搭配lose sight of 看不见;忽略at first sight 第一眼;乍一看catch sight of 看见;发现易错点作 “视力” 时不可数,作 “景象”“名胜” 时常用复数 “sights”(如 “tourist sights” 旅游景点);“sight” 作动词时侧重 “突然看见”,比 “see” 更强调瞬间性。例句She lost sight of her son in the crowd.(她在人群中看不见儿子了。)We caught sight of a rare bird in the forest.(我们在森林里发现了一只稀有鸟类。)65. significance /s ɡ n f k ns/n. 重要性;意义词性转换形容词:significant(重要的;显著的)副词:significantly(显著地;重要地)固定搭配of great significance 具有重要意义the significance of …… 的意义易错点不可数名词;“significant” 可替换 “important”,但语气更强,常用来强调 “有深远影响的”,如 “a significant change”(显著变化)。例句This discovery is of great significance to medicine.(这一发现对医学具有重要意义。)The number of students has increased significantly.(学生人数显著增加了。)66. spirit / sp r t/n. 精神;心灵;v. 鼓舞;使振作词性转换形容词:spiritual(精神的;心灵的)固定搭配in spirit 在精神上spirit sb. up 鼓舞某人易错点作 “精神”“心灵” 时不可数,作 “情绪”“烈酒” 时可数(如 “high spirits” 情绪高涨)。例句The players showed great team spirit during the game.(运动员们在比赛中展现了强烈的团队精神。)67. strength /stre θ/n. 力量;体力;优势词性转换形容词:strong(强壮的;强大的)固定搭配strength and weakness 优势与劣势build up strength 增强力量易错点不可数名词;易与 “power” 辨析:“strength” 侧重 “体力、耐力、优势”,“power” 侧重 “权力、能力、电力”。例句He has the strength to lift the heavy box.(他有力量举起那个重箱子。)One of her strengths is her ability to communicate.(她的优势之一是沟通能力。)68. struggle / str ɡl/v. 奋斗;挣扎;n. 奋斗;斗争固定搭配struggle for 为…… 奋斗struggle to do 努力做某事例句They struggled for freedom for many years.(他们为自由奋斗了很多年。)She struggled to finish the work on time.(她努力按时完成工作。)69. sympathy / s mp θi/n. 同情;同情心词性转换形容词:sympathetic(同情的;赞同的)副词:sympathetically(同情地;赞同地)固定搭配show sympathy for 对…… 表示同情have sympathy with 赞同;同情易错点不可数名词;“sympathetic” 后接 “to/towards”,表 “对…… 同情的”,如 “be sympathetic to the poor”(同情穷人)。例句Everyone showed sympathy for the victim’s family.(所有人都对受害者家属表示同情。)70. system / s st m/n. 系统;体系;制度词性转换形容词:systematic(系统的;有条理的)副词:systematically(系统地;有条理地)固定搭配educational system 教育体系例句The computer’s operating system needs to be updated.(电脑的操作系统需要更新。)71. target / tɑ ɡ t/n. 目标;靶子;v. 瞄准;以…… 为目标固定搭配set a target 设定目标target sth. at 以…… 为目标;瞄准hit the target 击中目标;达到目标例句We set a target of increasing sales by 20%.(我们设定了销售额增长 20% 的目标。)The advertisement is targeted at teenagers.(这则广告以青少年为目标群体。)72. thirst /θ st/n. 口渴;渴望;v. 渴望;渴求固定搭配thirst for 渴望;渴求易错点作 “口渴”“渴望” 时不可数;“thirst” 作动词时仅用于 “thirst for” 短语,表 “渴望某物”,主语通常是人。例句He has a thirst for knowledge.(他渴望知识。)73. tip /t p/n. 提示;小费;v. 倾斜;给小费固定搭配give a tip 给小费useful tips 实用提示tip sth. over 打翻某物易错点作 “提示”“小费” 时可数;“tip” 作动词 “给小费” 时,后接 “sb. + 金额”,如 “tip the waiter 10 yuan”(给服务员 10 元小费)。例句She gave me some tips on how to learn English.(她给了我一些学英语的提示。)He tipped the taxi driver and got out of the car.(他给出租车司机付了小费,然后下了车。)74. track /tr k/n. 轨道;踪迹;v. 追踪;跟踪固定搭配keep track of 记录;了解…… 的动态lose track of 失去…… 的踪迹;忘记track sb./sth. down 追踪到;找到例句She keeps track of her expenses with an app.(她用一个应用记录自己的开销。)The police tracked down the criminal after a week.(警方一周后追踪到了罪犯。)75. urge / d /v. 催促;力劝;n. 强烈的欲望词性转换形容词:urgent(紧急的;迫切的)副词:urgently(紧急地;迫切地)固定搭配urge sb. to do 催促某人做某事have an urge to do 有做某事的强烈欲望易错点“urge” 作动词时语气较强,比 “advise” 更强调 “催促”;“urgent” 作形容词时,常用来修饰 “matter”“request” 等词。例句My parents urged me to study abroad.(父母催促我出国留学。)She had an urge to travel around the world.(她有环游世界的强烈欲望。)76. variety /v ra ti/n. 多样;种类;变化词性转换形容词:various(各种各样的)副词:variously(不同地;多样地)固定搭配a variety of 各种各样的(后接可数 / 不可数名词)易错点“a variety of” 后接可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数,如 “A variety of books are on the shelf.”(书架上有各种各样的书。)例句The store sells a variety of fruits and vegetables.(这家商店出售各种各样的水果蔬菜。)77. victim / v kt m/n. 受害者;牺牲品固定搭配crime victim 犯罪受害者例句She was a victim of a traffic accident.(她是一场交通事故的受害者。)78. view /vju /n. 观点;风景;v. 看待;观看固定搭配in one’s view 在某人看来point of view 观点;看法view sth. as 把…… 看作易错点与 “sight/scene” 辨析:“view” 侧重 “从某处看到的风景”“观点”,“sight” 侧重 “名胜、视力”,“scene” 侧重 “具体场景、场面”。例句In my view, education is the most important thing.(在我看来,教育是最重要的事。)She views this job as a chance to learn.(她把这份工作看作学习的机会。)79. violence / va l ns/n. 暴力;暴行词性转换形容词:violent(暴力的;猛烈的)副词:violently(暴力地;猛烈地)固定搭配domestic violence 家庭暴力易错点不可数名词;“violent” 可修饰 “storm”“crime” 等词,表 “猛烈的”“暴力的”。例句We should oppose all forms of violence.(我们应该反对一切形式的暴力。)A violent storm hit the coastal city last night.(昨晚一场猛烈的暴风雨袭击了这座沿海城市。)80. volunteer / v l n t (r)/n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做;主动提出词性转换形容词:voluntary(自愿的;志愿的)固定搭配volunteer to do 自愿做某事volunteer work 志愿工作voluntary service 志愿服务例句Many students volunteered to clean up the park.(许多学生自愿清理公园。)She has been a volunteer in the hospital for two years.(她在这家医院做了两年志愿者。)81. whisper / w sp (r)/v. 低语;耳语;n. 低语;秘密固定搭配whisper to sb. 对某人低语in a whisper 低声地spread a whisper 散布谣言易错点作 “低语”“秘密” 时可数;“whisper” 作动词时,常与 “to” 连用,表 “对某人小声说话”,如 “She whispered to me about the secret.”(她小声告诉我那个秘密。)例句They whispered to each other during the meeting.(他们在会议期间互相低语。)一、单词拼写请根据句子语境及括号内的汉语提示,填写合适的英语单词。1. The company’s annual ______ (业绩) report shows a significant increase in profits.2. She has a strong ______ (渴望) for knowledge and reads books every night.3. Different ______ (文化) have their own unique traditions and customs.4. The police are still looking for ______ (证据) to solve the mysterious case.5. His ______ (耐心) with the naughty child impressed everyone around him.6. We need to buy some building ______ (材料) before starting the renovation.7. The ______ (暴力) in that movie is not suitable for young children.8. She received a lot of ______ (表扬) for her excellent performance in the play.9. The ______ (距离) between the two cities is about 300 kilometers by train.10. He made a ______ (承诺) to help me with my homework every weekend.11. The new ______ (系统) will make our work more efficient and convenient.12. There are a ______ (十二) of eggs in the refrigerator, enough for breakfast.13. The ______ (角色) of parents is crucial in a child’s growth and development.14. They spent a lot of ______ (努力) preparing for the important exam.15. The ______ (起源) of this ancient festival can be traced back to 2000 years ago.16. She has a ______ (天赋) for music and can play several musical instruments.17. The ______ (效果) of this new medicine will last for at least six hours.18. Volunteers are needed to ______ (主持) the community charity event next week.19. The ______ (质量) of this product is much better than that of the cheaper one.20. He felt a sense of ______ ( relief) when he finally finished his thesis.21. The ______ (力量) of teamwork helped them win the difficult competition.22. We need to set clear ______ (目标) for ourselves at the beginning of the year.23. The ______ (同情) from her neighbors helped her get through the hard time.24. The ______ (数量) of participants in the activity exceeded our expectations.25. She has a wide ______ (范围) of interests, from painting to hiking.26. The ______ (现实) is that we don’t have enough money to buy a new car.27. He had to ______ (挣扎) to make a living when he first moved to the big city.28. The ______ (精神) of the Olympic Games is “faster, higher, stronger”.29. Can you give me a ______ (提示) on how to solve this math problem 30. The ______ (受害者) of the accident were sent to the hospital immediately.【参考答案】1. performance2. thirst3. cultures4. evidence5. patience6. materials7. violence8. praise9. distance10. promise11. system12. dozen13. role14. effort15. origin16. talent17. effect18. host19. quality20. relief21. strength22. targets23. sympathy24. quantity25. range26. reality27. struggle28. spirit29. tip30. victims二、单句语法填空请根据括号内所给单词,结合语境填入其正确形式。1.The team’s success depended on the joint ______ (effort) of every member.2.Teachers often use different ______ (approach) to keep students interested in class.3.Dealing with naughty children requires a lot of ______ (patient).4.Archaeologists are studying the ______ (origin) of this ancient civilization.5.The police are still looking for more ______ (evidence) to solve the case.6.His repeated ______ (absence) from school led to poor academic performance.7.A large ______ (amount) of time and energy was spent on this project.8.Many young people have lofty ______ (ambition) to change the world.9.The new medicine has had surprising ______ (effect) on treating the disease.10.Over 200 ______ (volunteer) signed up to help with the sports meeting.11.Customers are willing to pay more for better ______ (quality) products.12.The conflict between different ______ (generation) often comes from misunderstanding.13.He inherited a huge ______ (fortunate) from his grandfather last year.14.The village is famous for the ______ (harmonious) between humans and animals.15.She gave me several practical ______ (advise) on career planning.16.The ______ (host) of the TV show interviewed the famous actor yesterday.17.The company adjusted its ______ (target) according to market changes.18.We need to understand the historical ______ (significance) of this event.19.The manager was satisfied with the team’s recent ______ (performance).20.Tourists were attracted by the unique ______ (beautiful) of the coastal scenery.【参考答案】effortsapproachespatienceoriginsevidenceabsencesamountambitionseffectsvolunteersqualitygenerationsfortuneharmonyadvicehosttargetssignificanceperformancebeauty 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2026年高考英语考点专题精讲精练(新高考通用)专题03名词(核心词汇清单)(全国通用)(学生版).docx 2026年高考英语考点专题精讲精练(新高考通用)专题03名词(核心词汇清单)(全国通用)(教师版).docx