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（北师大版）选择性必修第四册UNIT10
CONNECTIONS
课时习题巩固检测
重点单词及句型讲解
派生词及重点短语梳理
Content
目录
part one
part two
part three
part one
派生词及重点短语梳理
派生词梳理
1.envy n.羡慕,忌妒 vt.羡慕,妒忌 envious adj.羡慕的;忌妒的
2.encouragement n. 鼓励,鼓舞;起激励作用的事物 encourage vt.鼓励;鼓动 encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的
3.disturb vt. 干扰,打扰,使中断 disturbance n.干扰;骚乱
　disturbing adj.令人不安的 disturbed adj.不安的
4.apologise vi.道歉,谢罪 apology n.道歉;谢罪
5.impression n.印象,感想 impress vt. 给……留下深刻印象
　impressive adj.令人赞叹的;令人敬佩的
　impressed adj.(对……)钦佩,敬仰,有深刻的好印象
6.additionally adv. 除此之外,此外 add vt.增加;添加;补充说
　addition n.添加;增加;加法;[C]增加物 additional adj.额外的;附加的
7.frequently adv.经常地,频繁地 frequent adj.经常发生的;频繁的
　frequency n.频繁;发生率
8.consequence n.后果 consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
consequently adv.因此;所以
9.freeze vi.& vt.呆住;突然停止;(使)结冰,(使)冻结 freezing adj.冰冻的;极冷的 n. 冰点 frozen adj.结冰的;冷冻的
10.amazement n.吃惊,惊奇 amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的 amazed adj.大为惊奇的
11.investigate vi.& vt.查明,调查,侦查 investigation n.调查
12.appeal vi. 有吸引力 vi.& vt.呼吁,恳请;上诉n.呼吁;恳求;吸引力;魅力
　appealing adj.有吸引力的;有感染力的; 令人感兴趣的
13.sorrow n. 悲伤,悲痛;不幸 sorrowful adj.悲伤的;悲痛的
14.forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕 forgive vt. 原谅
15.interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话,中断 (某人的)行动,打扰
　interruption n.打扰;打岔;阻断物
16.legal adj. 法律的;法律允许的,合法的 illegal adj.不合法的
重点短语梳理
1.hang out闲待,厮混 2.be close to 与……亲近;接近;差点儿
3.refer to 指的是;提到;查阅 4.be connected to与……有联系
5.be due to do sth 预期要做某事 6.intend to do sth打算做某事
7.burst into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
8.send off 给某人送行,打发某人走;寄送某物
9.come along 跟着来;快点 10.decide on 决定,选定 11.put out 熄灭;扑灭
12.set...on fire 把……烧着 13.cry oneself to sleep 一直哭到睡着了
14.in amazement 惊讶地 15.in the depths of despair在极度绝望中
16.no more than five other people 不超过另外五个人
17.as long ago as in the 1920s早在20世纪20年代
18.choose a random sample of people 随机抽取一部分人作为样本
19.get the parcels delivered 运送包裹 20.in the last few decades在过去的几十年里
21.live thousands of miles apart 住在相隔千里的地方
22.think about it for a minute 思考一分钟 23.nod at the child向那孩子点了点头
24.be left there alone 被单独留在那里 25.spring forward a step 向前迈出一步
名词后缀-ness表示……的状态 直接加 -ness forgiveness原谅;宽恕　kindness友好;善良　tiredness疲劳;疲倦
carelessness粗心大意 awareness认识,意识 coldness寒冷;冷淡
weakness虚弱;缺点,不足 sadness伤心　 consciousness知觉,清醒;意识
变y为i加-ness happiness快乐;幸福;loneliness孤独;寂寞;silliness愚蠢;laziness怠惰,无精打采
构词方法归纳
part two
重点单词及句型讲解
1.conflict n.抵触,冲突,矛盾(contradiction) vi.抵触, 冲突
【经典造句】　
She frequently found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己经常在未来的职业选择上与父母发生冲突。
come into conflict with 和……冲突(动作)
(be) in conflict (with) (和……)冲突(状态)
conflict with 与……发生冲突
重点单词讲解
2.envy v.羡慕,妒忌 n.羡慕,忌妒→envious adj.羡慕的,忌妒的
【经典造句】　
Having been adopted by a kind and wealthy couple,he becomes/became the envy of all other orphans.
被一对善良而富有的夫妇收养后,他成了所有其他孤儿羡慕的对象。
green with envy 羡慕不已,非常忌妒
be the envy of sb/sth 成为羡慕(或忌妒)的对象;成为羡慕(或忌妒)的东西
(be) envious of 羡慕/忌妒……
3.apologise vi.道歉,谢罪→apology n.道歉;谢罪
【经典造句】　
I am writing this letter to apologise to you for the mistake I made in the work.
我写这封信给你,是对我在工作中所犯的错误向你道歉。
apologise to sb for (doing) sth 为(做)某事而向某人道歉
accept/refuse sb’s apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb an apology/owe an apology to sb应该向某人表示歉意
make an apology to sb (for...) (为……)向某人道歉
4.consequence n.后果(result)→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
→consequently adv.所以;因此
【经典造句】　
To my amazement, as a consequence of/in consequence of/as a result of my encouragement,David eventually plucked up his courage and headed for the starting line, flicking a determined smile at me.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
令我惊奇的是,由于我的鼓励,大卫最终鼓起勇气,朝起跑线走去,对我露出了一个坚定的微笑。
The consequences of global warming are becoming increasingly apparent, so we must do our part to change it.全球变暖的后果正变得越来越明显,因此我们必须尽我们的职责来改变它。
as a consequence(=in consequence=consequently=as a result) 结果,因此
as a consequence of(=in consequence of=as a result of) 由于……
take the consequences of 承担……的后果
5.freeze vi.& vt.呆住;突然停止;(使)结冰,(使)冻结→freezing adj.冰冻的;极冷的
n.冰点→frozen adj.结冰的;冷冻的
【经典造句】　
Rose froze with shock, as if rooted on the ground.
罗斯惊呆了,好像扎根在地上一样。
Administration officials have not confirmed or denied that the fund has been frozen. 政府官员尚未证实或否认这笔资金已经被冻结。
above/below freezing 在冰点以上/下
freezing cold 极冷的;冻僵的
freezing point 冰点
be frozen to death 被冻死
6.appeal vi.有吸引力(attract) vi.& vt.呼吁,恳请;上诉 n.呼吁;恳求;吸引力;魅力
(charm)→appealing adj.有吸引力的;有感染力的;令人感兴趣的
【经典造句】　
At the end of my speech,I appeal to everyone to do your own part to protect the earth.
在我演讲的最后,我呼吁每个人尽自己的职责来保护地球。
appeal to sb for/to do... 向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb 吸引某人;投某人所好
make an appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁/恳求
make an appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
7.debt n.债务,欠款
【经典造句】　
With all their debts paid off,the household could finally breathe a sigh of relief.
所有的债务都还清了,这家人终于可以松一口气了。
in debt 负债
out of debt 不欠债;摆脱债务
pay off one’s debts 还清某人的欠款或债务
8.hang out闲待, 厮混
【经典造句】　
I was hanging out/about/around/round on the street when I noticed a girl sobbing on the roadside as if she were in the depths of despair.
我正在街上闲逛时,突然注意到一个女孩在路边抽泣,好像处在极度的绝望中。
hang on to 保留,保存;不放弃
hang out/about/(a)round 闲逛
hang up 挂断(电话)
hang on 别挂断;稍等;紧紧握住; (在逆境中)坚持,不放弃
9.burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
【经典造句】　
The little girl suddenly burst into tears/burst out crying.
这个小女孩突然大哭起来。
He burst in from the outer room and startled everyone inside.
他从外面的房间破门而入,把里面的人都吓了一跳。
burst in 突然闯进;破门而入
burst out crying(=burst into tears) 突然哭起来
burst out laughing(=burst into laughter) 突然笑起来
a burst of 一阵……
①The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　　
②He lived on the streets,and then in an orphanage.There,he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania. (2021·浙江1月卷) 　 　　　　
③The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.　　　　　
adopt
vt.采用,采纳
vt.领养
vt.正式通过
同一个单词的不同汉语意思
①Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　
②The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.
(2021·天津3月卷) 　　 　　　
③Our school appeals to the students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to raise learning efficiency. 　　　　　
④She has decided not to appeal against a court order banning her from keeping animals. 　　　　　
appeal
n.吸引力;魅力
vi.有吸引力
vi.呼吁,恳请
vi.上诉
①She burst into tears,releasing all her depressed emotions. 　　　　　
②It’s reported that Taylor Swift’s new album is to be released next year.
　　　　　
③The club is releasing some of its older players. 　　　　　
④When you do this you may feel a little,or large,release from the jail of your mind and you’ll be on your way. 　　　　　
⑤Of the new releases that are on show,which do you think are really good 　　　　　

release
vt.发泄
vt.发行;发布
vt.解雇
n.解脱感
n.发行物
freeze
As we all know, water ①freezes when the temperature falls below 0 ℃. Last night, it was very cold. The frost ②froze the lock on my car. I ③froze with terror as the door of the car suddenly opened.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①vi.结冰　②vt.使冻住　③vi.惊呆,吓呆
1.句型公式:情态动词+have done
课本原句:I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.
我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好,无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。
【经典造句】　
She might have achieved greater progress if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩了。
重点句型讲解
句中加黑部分是“情态动词+have done”结构。
might have done sth 本可能做某事而未做;可能做了某事
could have done sth 本能够做某事而未做;可能做了某事
should (not) have done sth本(不)应该做某事而未做(做了)
needn’t have done sth 本不必做某事而做了
must+have done 对过去的肯定猜测
couldn’t/can’t have done 对过去的否定猜测
2.句型公式:介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装
课本原句:To bed went Matthew. And to bed,when she had put her dishes away,went Marilla,frowning most resolutely.
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子,紧紧地皱着眉头,也回到房间休息了。
【经典造句】　
In front of the farm flows a small river,which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.
农场前流过一条小河,这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。
Before them lay miles of undulating moorland, adding a bit of bleakness to the atmosphere.
他们前面是一片高低起伏的荒原,为氛围增添了几分凄凉。
句中加黑部分是介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装。
(1)表示地点的介词短语、作表语的形容词或现在分词置于句首,且主语是名词时,引起完全倒装。
(2)在完全倒装句式中,注意主语的位置,做到主谓一致。
part three
课时习题巩固检测
完形填空
This was the big game.The boys were　1　 and excited.It was a clear night,and my son Andy’s baseball team,which had 　2　 all year,had shocked the better teams by making it to this championship game.The atmosphere was 　3　:the other team’s slugger (击球强手),a big kid,was like a snake,dangerous and ready to 　4　.
Nervously,I looked out Andy’s way.I was 　5　 to see Andy looking straight up at the night sky! Obviously he didn’t 　6　 on the game.I was horrified that he wouldn’t even know the ball was coming.
(　　)1.A. nervous B. puzzled
C. curious D. ashamed
A
【解析】 根据上文“This was the big game.”可知,这是一场重要的比赛,所以男孩们既感到紧张(nervous),又很兴奋。故选A。
(　　)2.A. won B. struggled
C. prayed D. run
B
【解析】 根据下文“had shocked the better teams”可知,其他更优秀的球队震惊了,说明作者儿子所在的球队之前的表现不怎么样,一整年都在努力(struggled)。故选B。
(　　)3.A. electric B. friendly
C. casual D. romantic
A
【解析】 根据下文“the other team’s slugger (击球强手)...and ready to”可知,对手准备出击,所以气氛很激烈(electric)。故选A。
(　　)4.A. flee B. climb
C. jump D. strike
D
【解析】 根据上文“like a snake,dangerous and ready to”可知,此处指对手准备出击(strike)。故选D。
(　　)5.A. amused B. thrilled
C. shocked D. satisfied
C
【解析】 根据下文“to see Andy looking straight up at the night sky”可知,在这么重要的比赛上,儿子却在抬头看夜空,作者感到震惊(shocked)。故选C。
(　　)6.A. carry B. reflect
C. comment D. focus
D
【解析】 根据上文“see Andy looking straight up at the night sky”可知,儿子没有集中注意力(focus)在比赛上。故选D。
“Come on,Andy.　7　 out there,” I said to myself.
Luckily,the big kid made a mistake.We (Andy and I) had been
　8　,and our team still led by one run.
Andy ran up to me at the　9　.I was about to 　10　 him when he said loudly,“Did you see that shooting star ”
Andy’s eyes were glowing (发光) with 　11　.I paused.
“Yes,” I said.“Well,one inning (局) to go.Hit a home run (全垒打)!”
(　　)7.A. Settle down B. Stand up
C. Wake up D. Lie down
C
【解析】 根据上文“I was horrified that he wouldn’t even know the ball was coming.”可知,作者在心里盼望儿子赶紧回过神(Wake up)来比赛。故选C。
(　　)8.A. informed B. punished
C. warned D. spared
D
【解析】 根据上文可知,因为对方失误,所以安迪所在的队伍暂时没有被对方打败,即幸免(spared)一次。故选D。
(　　)9.A. meeting B. break
C. corner D. entrance
B
【解析】 根据上文“Andy ran up to me at the”可知,儿子跑向作者说明这是在休息(break)时间。故选B。
(　　)10.A. blame B. comfort
C. entertain D. threaten
A
【解析】 根据上文可知,儿子在比赛的时候走神了,所以作者想要责备(blame)他。故选A。
(　　)11.A. anger B. anxiety
C. excitement D. confidence
C
【解析】 根据上文“Did you see that shooting star ”可知,安迪的眼睛因兴奋(excitement)而发亮,因为他看到了流星。故选C。
“Okay!” said Andy,and he ran back to his 　12　.
I suddenly realised it was nice that my son would take time out to
　13　 the wonder and beauty in life.You might be surprised by the beauty you can find when you least 　14　 it.Andy hit a triple in that last inning.
But I still wish I had 　15　 that shooting star,too.
(　　)12.A. teammates B. fans
C. parents D. stars
A
【解析】 根据上文“he ran back to his”可知,儿子答应了作者以后,回到了队友(teammates)身边。故选A。
(　　)13.A. create B. research
C. explain D. appreciate
D
【解析】 根据下文“the wonder and beauty in life”以及儿子看到流星可知,儿子愿意去欣赏(appreciate)生活中的奇迹和美好。故选D。
(　　)14.A. need B. expect
C. afford D. suspect
B
【解析】 根据上文“You might be surprised by the beauty you can find”可知,此处指在最预料(expect)不到的时候发现了生活的美好。故选B。
(　　)15.A. become B. filmed
C. seen D. followed
C
【解析】 此处呼应上文“Did you see that shooting star ”,指作者希望自己当时看到(seen)了流星。故选C。
语法填空
No structure is as symbolically significant or 1.　　　 　 (cultural) important to China as the Great Wall.Architectural 2.　　 　　 (engineer) are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure.
culturally
engineers
1. 【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰形容词,所以应用副词。故填culturally。
2. 【解析】 考查名词复数。根据句意和空后的are可知,空处的名词应用复数形式。故填engineers。
Jiankou 3.　　　 　 (believe) to be one of the most rugged stretches of the relic.Some of the most dangerous work includes labourers hanging from towering heights.With ropes tied around 4.　　 (they) waists,repair workers spread cement on the wall’s steep sides,while others hold the ropes for support.5.　　　 　(survive) a fall from the steep sides would be unlikely.A labourer explains why he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure,saying that it is 6.　　 honour to be part of such a great cause,and it is very 7.　　　 　 (meaning) to do so.
is believed
their
Surviving
an
meaningful
3.【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知,believe与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以应用被动语态;根据句意和下文动词的时态可知,本句需用一般现在时。所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。
4.【解析】 考查考查代词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰名词,所以应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
5. 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处作主语,所以应用动名词。故填Surviving。
6. 【解析】 考查冠词。分析句子可知,此处指工人感觉能参与修复箭扣长城这一伟大事业是一种荣幸,honour作“荣幸”讲是单数名词,且以元音音素开头。故填an。
7. 【解析】 考查形容词。根据空前的very可知,设空处应用形容词作表语。故填meaningful。
Getting supplies to this part of the wall is also a demanding effort.
Because the path is so steep,donkeys and mules must be used to transport bricks,8.　　　　 can weigh as much as 150 kilogrammes each.The repair team goes to great lengths 9.　　　 　 (keep) the principle of minimal intervention.“We have to stick 10.　　　 　 the original format,the original material and the original craftsmanship,so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values,” said Cheng Yongmao,the engineer leading Jiankou’s restoration work.
which
to keep
to
8. 【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,本句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是物,关系代词在从句中作主语,所以空处应填which。故填which。
9. 【解析】 考查固定搭配。go to great lengths to do sth意为“竭尽全力/不遗余力做某事”。故填to keep。
10.【解析】 考查介词。固定短语stick to sth意为“坚持某事”。故填to。
结语
十年磨剑放光芒，笔尖生辉多力量，自信满满心莫慌，满腔热血上战场，才思隽永心中藏，知识重点全不忘，乘风破浪会有时，金榜题名定辉煌。祝同学们高考加油！
THANK YOU!

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