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北师大版）选择性必修第四册UNIT12 INNOVATION
课时习题巩固检测
重点单词及句型讲解
派生词及重点短语梳理
Content
目录
part one
part two
part three
part one
派生词及重点短语梳理
派生词梳理
1.entertainment n.娱乐活动,娱乐节目 entertain vt.招待;使快乐;娱乐
　entertaining adj. 有趣的
2.gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的 gift n.天赋;天才;才能;礼物
3.productive adj.多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的 produce vt.生产
product n.产品;产物 production n.生产;产量
4.scientific adj.科学(上)的 science n.科学 scientist n.科学家
5.donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献 donation n.捐赠;捐赠物
donor n.捐赠者
6.accuracy n.准确性;精准度;正确,准确 accurate adj.正确无误的;精确的;准确的
　accurately adv.准确地
7.joint adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的 join vt.参加;加入 jointly adv.共同地;联合地
8.efficiently adv.有效率地,高效能地 efficiency n.效率 efficient adj.效率高的
　inefficient adj.效率低的
9.propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等) proposal n.提议;建议;求婚
10.clueless adj.一无所知的,一窍不通的 clue n.线索;提示
11.evaluation n.评估,评价 evaluate vt.评价;评估
12.theoretical adj. 理论的 theory n. 理论;学说
13.boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n.沸腾 boiling adj.很热的;炽热的
　boiled adj. 煮沸的,煮熟的
14.improvement n. 改善,改进;改进之处 improve vt.改善;改进
15.availability n.可能性 available adj.可利用的;可获得的
16.explode vi.& vt. (使)爆炸;急剧增长 explosion n.爆炸 explosive adj.易爆炸的
17.mass n.大量,大宗;质量adj.大量的 massive adj.巨大的;非常严重的
18.sailor n.水手,海员 sail vi.航行;起航 sailing n.帆船运动;航行
19.illustrate vt.说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
illustration n.图表;图解;实例,示例
20.regulate vt.控制,管理 regulation n.规则;章程;管理
21.preserve vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护 n.腌菜,果酱 preservation n. 维护;保存
22.specifically adv. 特定地,专门地 specific adj.特有的;具体的;明确的
23.electric adj.用电的,带电的,电动的 electrical adj.电的;用电的
electronic adj.电子的 electricity n.电;电能
重点短语梳理
1.have sth on one’s hands 有某事要处理 2.range from...to... 范围从……到……
3.figure out 算出;弄懂;弄清楚 4.single out 挑选;挑出 5.turn to sb向某人求助
6.go out熄灭 7.be dedicated to doing sth致力于做某事
8.be expected to do sth被预计会做某事
9.be reduced to 减少到 10.reflect on 仔细考虑,反省
11.not to mention... 更不用说…… 12.in a joint effort在共同努力下
13.in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……) 14.send instant messages发送即时信息
15.launch satellites into orbit把人造卫星发射至轨道
16.make a discovery 发现 17.put together all the ideas汇集所有的想法
18.the world’s most influential scientists世界上最有影响力的科学家
19.do research only rather than teach只做研究而不用教学
20. at the opening of the London 2012 Olympics 在2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上
名词后缀-cy:①表示……的状态　②表示……的品质或等级 去t加-cy efficiency效率,效能　　　fluency流利　　　frequency频繁;频率
urgency紧急,迫切 agency代理商 emergency突发事件,紧急情况
去te加-cy accuracy准确性;精准度　 privacy隐私
构词方法归纳
part two
重点单词及句型讲解
1.entertainment n.娱乐节目,娱乐活动(amusement)→entertain vt.招待;使快乐;
娱乐→entertaining adj.有趣的
【经典造句】　
To my great entertainment,he promised to entertain us to ice cream.
令我非常高兴的是,他承诺请我们吃冰淇淋。
Our program offers a variety of entertainment options, such as theaters, clubs and bars.我们的项目提供各种娱乐选择,如剧院、俱乐部和酒吧。
重点单词讲解
to one’s entertainment使某人高兴的是 entertain sb to sth用某物招待某人
entertain sb with sth用某物使某人快乐
2.gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的(talented)→gift n.天赋;天才;才能;礼物
【经典造句】　
Many gifted students and music teachers will put on performances during the music festival.
许多有天赋的学生和音乐教师将在音乐节期间进行表演。
She is a gifted writer who has published several best-selling novels.
她是一位有才华的作家,已经出版了几本畅销小说。
be gifted/talented in 在……方面有天赋
have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋
3.correspond vi.通信;相一致;符合;相当于→correspondence n.来往信件;通信联
系;相似
【经典造句】　
If you have any question,please correspond with me at your earliest convenience. 如果你有任何问题,请尽早和我通信。
correspond with sb 与某人通信
correspond to 相当于……;类似于……
correspond with/to 与……一致;符合
in correspondence with 与……有通信联系;与……一致
4.instant adj.立刻的,马上的;即食的 n.片刻;瞬间(moment,second)→instantly adv.
立即;马上
【经典造句】　
The bird ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.(2023·浙江1月卷)
我一捡起那只鸟,它就停止了挣扎。
(1)the instant(=instantly) 一……就……
(2)表示“一……就……”的连词或短语还有:as soon as、the moment/minute、hardly...when...、no sooner...than...、directly、immediately等。
5.decline vi.减少,降低(fall,drop,decrease,go down)vi.& vt.谢绝;婉言拒绝 n.衰退;
下降
【经典造句】　
She declined to have lunch with her friend,saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉言拒绝了与她的朋友共进午餐。
decline to do...　 拒绝做……
decline to　 减少到……
decline by　 减少了……
a decline in 在……方面下降
in decline/on the decline 在衰退中,走下坡路
6.preserve vt.保存(食物)(conserve),腌制;维护,保护(protect) n.腌菜,果酱
→preservationn.维护,保存
【经典造句】　
From my point of view,some traditional old customs should be well preserved.So there is an urgent need to think of some effective preservation measures.
在我看来,一些传统的旧习俗应该得到很好的保护。因此,迫切需要想出一些有效的保护措施。
preserve...from/against... 保护……免受……
be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存
7.turn to求助于;转向
【经典造句】　
Whenever I have difficulties in my English study, she is the one that I will turn to first. 每当我在英语学习中遇到困难时,她都是我第一个求助的人。(全国Ⅰ卷)
turn into 进入;使变成,使成为
turn off 关(水源等);离开(道路)
turn on 开,旋开(电灯等)
turn out 生产;结果为;被发现是
turn up 出现;找到
①In the early 1970 s, 40 percent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 percent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy.
(2021·浙江1月卷) 　 　　　　
②When the answer was no,she declined the invitation.(2022·浙江1月卷) 　　　　 　
③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.
④The ongoing decline in manufacturing has posed significant challenges for this company. 　　　　　
decline
n.下降
v.谢绝;婉言拒绝
v.下降
n.衰退
同一个单词的不同汉语意思
①I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living.The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson,back in 1993.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
　　　　 　
②It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. 　 　　　　
③Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 　 　　　　
④After the launch of the products,they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. 　 　　　　
launch
vt.首次(上市),发行
vt.发射(卫星等)
vt.发动,发起(活动、战役等)
n.(新产品)投入市场
instant
It took just an ①instant for Emily to realize she had left her homework at home.She knew she needed an ②instant solution,so she called her mom to bring it to school.While waiting,she quickly made herself an ③instant coffee from the cafeteria to stay awake during the long day ahead.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①n.瞬间;片刻　②adj.立刻的　③adj.即食的;速溶的
句型公式:as引导状语从句
课本原句:As the water boiled,the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.
当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
【经典造句】　
Exhausted and hungry as we were,we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管我们又累又饿,但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。
重点句型讲解
(1)句中加黑部分是as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)as作连词,引导以下状语从句:
表示“在……期间”“当……的时候”时,引导时间状语从句。
表示“由于”时,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。
表示“像”“按照……的方式”时,引导方式状语从句。
用于as...as或not so/as...as中时,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。
表示“虽然,尽管”时,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,构成“表语+as+主语+系动词”结构。
part three
课时习题巩固检测
完形填空
Around 2,000 years ago,ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 equal segments,each segment was called a “Solar Term”.Each solar term　1　 a unique period of a year.But have you ever heard the term—“Hui Nantian”,a unique meteorological (气象的)
　2　 that occurs 　3　 in southern China This term,which translates to “the return of the south wind”,encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift that not only 　4　 the weather patterns,but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.
(　　)1.A. reviewed B. represented
C. regained D. researched
B
【解析】 根据空后的“a unique period of a year”可知,每一个节气代表(represented)一年中一个独特的时期。故选B。
(　　)2.A. phenomenon B. view
C. landscape D. opinion
A
【解析】 根据下文“This term,which translates to...cultural practices in this region.”可知,“回南天”是一种独特的气象现象(phenomenon)。故选A。
(　　)3.A. hardly B. seldom
C. primarily D. never
C
【解析】 根据空后的“in southern China”以及常识可知,“回南天”主要(primarily)出现在中国南方。故选C。
(　　)4.A. maintains B. remains
C. changes D. keeps
C
【解析】 根据上文“This term,which translates to...a seasonal shift”可知,
“回南天”会改变(changes)天气模式。故选C。
“Hui Nantian” occurs during the 　5　 from winter to spring,when the cold,dry air of winter 　6　 the warm,damp air of the south.This change is not merely a meteorological shift;it’s a cultural event.People in the southern China anticipate “Hui Nantian” with a 　7　 of excitement and caution.
(　　)5.A. transportation B. show
C. transplant D. shift
D
【解析】 根据上文“a seasonal shift”以及空后的“from winter to spring”可知,
“回南天”发生在冬季向春季的转换(shift)之时。故选D。
(　　)6.A. gives out B. gives up
C. gives off D. gives way to
D
【解析】 根据空前的“when the cold,dry air of winter”以及空后的“the warm,damp air of the south”可知,此处描述的是冬季到春季的气候变化,寒冷干燥的空气让位给(gives way to)温暖潮湿的空气。故选D。
(　　)7.A. result B. force
C. mix D. power
C
【解析】 根据上文的“This change is...a cultural event.”以及空后的“of excitement and caution”可知,此处指人们以一种混合的(mix)情绪对待“回南天”,既期待又警惕。故选C。
On the one hand,it signals the end of winter and the　8　 of spring,
a time of renewal and rebirth.On the other hand,the 　9　 humidity and dampness can present challenges,especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings and 　10　 personal items.In Chinese culture,“Hui Nantian” is often associated with traditional practices and beliefs.It also reflects the importance of respect for 　11　 and traditional values in Chinese culture.In addition,it is also connected with the concept of “harmony with nature”.This belief encourages people to live in harmony with the natural world and respect the 　12　 of nature,such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy.
(　　)8.A. end B. approach
C. warmth D. beauty
B
【解析】 根据上文可知,“回南天”标志着冬天的结束,也意味着春天的临近(approach)。故选B。
(　　)9.A. decreased B. lost
C. increased D. regained
C
【解析】 根据空后的“humidity and dampness”可知,此处指“回南天”增加的(increased)湿度和潮湿可能带来挑战。故选C。
(　　)10.A. arriving B. preserving
C. serving D. approving
B
【解析】 根据上文可知,增加的湿度和潮湿给保持建筑物的完整性带来挑战,设空处与“maintaining”并列,所以这里指保存(preserving)个人物品。故选B。
(　　)11.A. ancestors B. wealth
C. harvest D. descendants
A
【解析】 根据空前的“It also reflects the importance of respect”以及文化背景可知,“回南天”反映了中国文化中尊重祖先(ancestors)和传统价值观的重要性。故选A。
(　　)12.A. circles B. return
C. power D. cycles
D
【解析】 根据下文的“such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy”可知,此处指的是与自然世界和谐共处,尊重自然界的周期循环(cycles),如季节更替和能量流动。故选D。
By 　13　 these natural rhythms,it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony,which is essential for leading a healthy and 　14　 life.Overall,“Hui Nantian” shows a blend of traditional practices,beliefs,and values that are unique to Chinese culture.These practices not only serve to preserve the cultural heritage of China but also
　15　 harmony and balance in people’s lives.
(　　)13.A. following B. keeping
C. noticing D. staying
A
【解析】 根据空后的“it is believed that...healthy and 　 　 life”可知,此处指遵循(following)自然规律,人们就可以达到内心的平静与和谐。故
选A。
(　　)14.A. brilliant B. unforgettable
C. necessary D. satisfying
D
【解析】 根据空前的“which is essential for leading a healthy”可知,内心和谐对过上健康和满意的(satisfying)生活是极其重要的。故选D。
(　　)15.A. protect B. promote
C. preview D. predict
B
【解析】 根据上文的“‘Hui Nantian’ shows a blend of...to Chinese culture”可知,此处指传统习俗在保存文化遗产和促进(promote)人们生活的和谐与平衡方面发挥着积极作用。故选B。
语法填空
Everybody knows that exercise is essential to keep us healthy.It lowers the risk of heart disease,and helps keep 1.　　　 (we) weight healthy.It also reduces stress and makes us a lot happier.Doctors say that exercising in cold weather is even better for us.Going for a jog or even a swim when it’s freezing outside 2.　　 　　 (have) extra benefits for our physical and mental health.
our
has
1.【解析】 考查形容词性物主代词。分析句子可知,we和weight之间是所属关系,因此设空处应用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
2.【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语是动名词短语,谓语动词应用单数。故填has。
The reason 3.　　 　　 this is that the cold gives our heart a more
4.　　 　　 (energy) workout.Dr Angela Pepdjonovic,from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York,explains why.She says,“Your heart needs to work a little bit harder in order to pump blood around your body in the cold,
5.　　　 　 (boost) your endurance over time.”
for
energetic
boosting
3.【解析】 考查介词。the reason for...是固定用法,意为“……的原因”。故填for。
4.【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰名词workout,
energy的形容词是energetic,和前面的more构成比较级。故填energetic。
5.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句子的谓语是needs,空后是自然而然的结果,应用现在分词表自然而然的结果。故填boosting。
Cold-weather workouts can help the body burn calories at 6.
faster rate.Dr Pepdjonovic says,“As your body is required to work harder
7.　　 　　 (maintain) its core temperature,you actually increase your calorie burn by exercising in the cold.” Physical activity in cold temperatures can improve our metabolism (新陈代谢),which helps us lose weight.In the cold,our metabolism slows down,so we can preserve fat and keep warm.
a
to maintain
6.【解析】 考查冠词。rate是可数名词的单数形式,表泛指,前面应用不定冠词修饰,faster由辅音音素开头。故填a。
7.【解析】 考查动词不定式。根据语境可知,此处句意为“因为你的身体需要更努力地工作来保持核心温度”,设空处应用不定式表目的。故填to maintain。
Another benefit is 8.　 　　 being in natural light helps to reduce our stress.
This is 9.　　　 　 (particular) great for people who suffer from
Seasonal Affective Disorder (季节性情感障碍),a type of depression
10.　　　 　 (cause) by the shorter and darker days of winter.
that
particularly
caused
8.【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子可知,“being in natural light helps to reduce our stress”是表语从句,从句中不缺成分,且句子意思完整,因此设空处应用that引导表语从句。故填that。
9.【解析】 考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰形容词great,应用副词。故填particularly。
10.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句子的谓语是is,由空后的by可知,设空处应用过去分词表被动。故填caused。
结语
十年磨剑放光芒，笔尖生辉多力量，自信满满心莫慌，满腔热血上战场，才思隽永心中藏，知识重点全不忘，乘风破浪会有时，金榜题名定辉煌。祝同学们高考加油！
THANK YOU!

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