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（北师大版）选择性必修第二册UNIT5 EDUCATION
课时习题巩固检测
重点单词及句型讲解
派生词及重点短语梳理
Content
目录
part one
part two
part three
part one
派生词及重点短语梳理
派生词梳理
1.significance n.重要性,意义 significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的
2.promote vt.促进,增进 promotion n.提升;提拔;促销活动
3.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的 consist vi.由……组成;在于;与……一致
4.analyse vt. 分析,剖析 analysis n.分析,分析结果
5.philosopher n.哲学家 philosophy n.哲学
6.evaluate vt. 评估,评价 evaluation n.评估,评价
7.exceptionally adv. 极其,非常;例外地 except prep.除了……之外
　exception n.例外 exceptional adj.杰出的;优秀的;特别的
8.restriction n.限制,规定,约束 restrict vt.限制;约束
　restrictive adj.限制性的;约束的
9.unbearable adj.难以忍受的;承受不住的 bear vt.忍受 bearable adj.可以忍受的
10.troublesome adj.引起麻烦的;令人烦恼的;棘手的 trouble n.问题;困难
11.excitement n.兴奋,激动 excite vt.使激动;使兴奋 excited adj.激动的;兴奋的
　exciting adj.令人激动的
12.painful adj.令人痛苦的;困难的;疼痛的 pain n.(身体上的)疼痛;痛苦
　painfully adv.令人痛苦地;艰难地
13.enthusiastic adj. 热心的,热衷的 enthusiastically adv. 热情地,热心地
　enthusiasm n.热情;热忱
14.puzzle vt.使困惑,使迷惑n.谜;难题 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的,令人费解的
　puzzled adj.困惑的;迷惑不解的
15.disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的 disappoint vt.使失望;使破灭;使落空
　disappointing adj. 令人失望的
　disappointment n. [U]失望;[C]使人失望的人(或事物)
16.contribute vi.& vt.奉献,捐献;促成 contribution n.贡献;捐助
17.finance n. 金融;财政 financial adj.金融的;财政的
18.expose vt. 使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露 exposure n.接触;暴露
19.surrounding adj.四周的,附近的 surround vt.(使)包围;围绕
　surroundings n.环境
20.judgement n.判断力;意见,评价;判决 judge vi.& vt.判断 n.法官;审判员
21.behave vi. 表现 behavio(u)r n.举止;态度;行为
22.conclusion n.结论 conclude vt.推断出;得出结论
23.definition n.定义,释义 define vt.给(词语)下定义
24.responsibility n. 责任 responsible adj.有责任
25.assess vt.评价 assessment n.评估;评定;核定;判定
26.inefficient adj.效率低的,能力差的 efficient adj.效率高的;有能力的
efficiency n.效率
27.approve vt.赞成;赞许;批准 approving adj.赞成的,同意的
　approval n.赞成;同意;批准 disapprove vt.不赞成;反对
disapproval n.不赞成;反对
28.urge vt.强烈要求;敦促 urgent adj.紧急的 urgency n. 急迫;急事
29.assumption n.假定,假设 assume vt.假定,假设
　assuming conj.假设……为真;假如
30.respected adj.受尊敬的,受敬重的 respect vt.尊敬n.尊敬;方面
　respectable adj.值得尊敬的;得体的 respectful adj.表示敬意的;尊敬的
31.wisdom n.智慧 wise adj.充满智慧的
32.beneficial adj.有利的,有帮助的 benefit vt.对(某人)有用;使受益vi.得益于n.益处 33.arrange vt.排列,布置 arrangement n.排列;布置
重点短语梳理
1.have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 2.relate to理解;有关 3.hold up举起
4.open up开放,开启 5.be eager to do sth渴望做某事
6.be enthusiastic about对……有热情 7.put one's arm round/around sb搂住某人
8.keep on doing sth 继续做某事
9.work on努力改善(或完成) 10.be used to doing习惯于……
11.go against 反对;对……不利 12.come to one's defence 为某人辩护
13.regardless of不管;不顾 14.in a flash突然,一瞬间
15.to start with首先,作为开始 16.in conclusion最后
17.an exceptionally special girl 一个非常特别的女孩
18.get a mental picture of 在脑海中想象 19.the key to language语言的关键
20.a gradual and sometimes painful process一个渐进的、有时痛苦的过程
21.such a complex word如此复杂的一个词
22.in that vivid moment就在那个动人的时刻
23.hold an important rank身居要职 24.step out from the shadows走出阴影
形容词后缀-ful:①表示充满……的　②表示有……性质的 直接加-ful careful小心谨慎的　meaningful有意义的　painful令人痛苦的;困难的;疼痛的
useful有用的 colorful多彩的　 powerful有力的
helpful有帮助的 forgetful健忘的 respectful受尊重的
successful成功的 doubtful怀疑的 faithful忠实的,忠诚的
变y为 i加-ful beautiful美丽的;merciful宽大的,仁慈的
构词方法归纳
part two
重点单词及句型讲解
1.consistent adj.一致的,一贯的;始终如一的→consist vi.由……组成;在于;
　与……一致
【经典造句】　
If you want others to believe in you,your conduct should be consistent with/consist with what you say.如果你想让别人相信你,你应该言行一致。
重点单词讲解
be consistent with...　与……一致 be consistent in...　在……方面一致
consist of(=be made up of/be composed of)　 由……组成
consist in在于……;存在于…… consist with和……一致
【注意】　consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。
2.sympathy n.同情,同情心→sympathetic adj.同情的;支持的→sympathetically
　adv.同情地;怜悯地
【经典造句】　
Approaching the poor boy,she gathered him into her arms with sympathy.
她走近那个可怜的男孩,同情地把他抱在怀里。
express/show sympathy for sb向某人表达同情
have (no) sympathy for sb(不)同情某人
out of sympathy出于同情 in/with sympathy=sympathetically同情地
in sympathy with... 赞同/支持……
be sympathetic to对……同情;赞同,支持……
3.insist vi.坚称;坚持主张(persist)
【经典造句】　
Only if you insist on pursing your dream will you gain breakthroughs and make contributions to the world.
只有坚持追求梦想,你才能获得突破,才能为世界做出贡献。
insist on/upon (sb/sb's) doing sth坚持(某人)做某事
insist that... 坚持认为，坚持说......(从句用陈述语气)
insist that... 坚决要求......[从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用"(should+)do"]
4.puzzle vt.使困惑,使迷惑 (confuse) n.谜;难题→puzzled adj.困惑的;迷惑不解的
→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的,令人费解的
【经典造句】　
What puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles.
这部戏最让我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用合适的舞台语言。
puzzle over/about苦思冥想;仔细琢磨 be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
【注意】　puzzled,confused,frightened等分词化的形容词既用来修饰人,也用来修饰与人有关的名词,如:look,voice,smile,expression等。
The complex instructions given by the contest organizers puzzle me, so I am writing to you for some help.大赛主办方给出的复杂说明让我感到困惑,所以我写信给你,希望获得帮助。
5.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的 (depressed)→disappoint v.使失望;使破灭;使落空→disappointment n.[U]失望;[C]使人失望的人(或事物)→disappointing adj. 令人失望的
【经典造句】　
I was so disappointed to share my toys with him that I sighed away my days.
我对于和他分享我的玩具是如此失望,以至于整天唉声叹气。
I was disappointed by the food and the inattentive service.
我对食物和漫不经心的服务很失望。
be disappointed at/by...　 对……失望 be disappointed to do... 因做……而失望
be disappointed that... 因……失望 to one's disappointment令某人失望的是
6.worthy adj.值得尊敬的;有价值的
【经典造句】　
Our English teacher is worthy of our respect because of her patience in delivering the knowledge.
我们的英语老师由于耐心传授知识而值得我们的尊敬。
be worthy of　值得……
be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done值得做某事
be well worth doing　非常值得做
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth　做某事是值得的
7.urge vt.强烈要求(demand) ;敦促;极力主张;驱策 n.强烈的欲望;冲动→urgent
adj.紧急的→urgency n.急迫;急事
【经典造句】　
But learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice,I feel an urge to express my different voice,hoping that this wouldn't offend you.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 但得知我们将被随机配对进行口语练习,我有一种冲动,想表达我不同的声音,希望这不会冒犯您。
I am writing to give you some advice on over coming the intrinsic urge to put off tasks.我写信是为了给你一些克服拖延任务的内在冲动的建议。
urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事 have/feel an urge to do sth有强烈的欲望做某事
urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
8.owe vt.有……是由于;把……归功于;欠(钱、人情等);归因于
【经典造句】　
I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
周五下午未能和你一起去书店,我应该向你道歉。
owe sb sth/owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth 把某事归功于某人或某事
owing to　 因为,由于
9.restrict vt.约束,限制,限定 (limit)→restriction n.约束,限制,规定
【经典造句】　
If you want to recover soon,it is vital to restrict yourself to 2 cigarettes at most a day.
如果你想很快康复,限制自己每天至多抽两支烟是至关重要的。
restrict oneself/sth to sth 把……限制在……;约束,管束
restrictions on 对……的限制
10.regardless of不管;不顾
【经典造句】　
With regard to the qualification of the competition,anybody is welcome to participate regardless of their English proficiency.
至于参赛资格,任何人无论英语熟练度如何都欢迎参与。
regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
in spite of=despite 尽管(后常接名词,不接从句)
with regard to 关于;至于
①Undoubtedly,I gained numerous knowledge on plants and have become interested in them through this meaningful activity.(2023·浙江1月卷)　　　　　
②These policies have resulted in great gains in public health. 　　　　　
③In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月卷)　　　　　
④Oh,my goodness.My watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours. 　　　　　
gain
v.获得,得到
n.好处,利益
n.增加
v.(钟表)走快
同一个单词的不同汉语意思
It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's
50 best restaurants list.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　　
②They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself. 　　　　　
③He was soon promoted to the rank of general in the army.　　　　　
④They watched as ranks of marching soldiers passed the window.　　　　　
rank
v.属于某等级
n.地位;级别
军衔
n.行列;队列
stream
Last Sunday I went to climb Mount Tai with my friend.First, we took a picture by a ①stream.Then, we began to climb the mountain.We were so tired that we had to stop to have a rest.②Streams of people passed by us while we were having a break.Finally, we reached the top of the mountain, where a ③stream of cold air rushed through me.Tears of excitement ④streamed from my eyes when I saw the magnificent sunrise from the top of the mountain.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①n.小溪　②n.一连串,(人/车)流　③n.气流　④vi.流淌
1.句型公式:get+宾语+宾补
课本原句:Helen's parents got a superb teacher recommended to them,a woman named Anne Sullivan.海伦的父母经人推荐,聘请了一位极出色的女教师,她便是安妮·莎莉文。
【经典造句】　
I suggest you explain the real reason to your teacher and get your unpolished assignments finished by Friday.
我建议你和老师说明真实的缘由,并且在周五之前把你未润色好的作业完成。
重点句型讲解
(1)该句中got作谓语,a superb teacher作宾语,recommended to them作宾补。其中,宾语和宾补之间为动宾关系,表示被动。构成“ vt.+宾语+过去分词”结构。
(2)可以用于该结构的动词常常是感官动词,如see,notice,watch,hear,feel等,以及使役动词,如have,get,keep,leave,make等。此外want,like等表示需求或情感的词也有此用法。
2.句型公式:It is/was the first time (that)...
课本原句:It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch.
这是海伦第一次理解这样一个复杂的单词——一个她触摸不到实物的词。
【经典造句】　
This is the first time that we have prepared for an English drama,for which we are in desperate need of your help.
这是我们第一次准备英语话剧,为此我们迫切需要您的帮助。
(1)“It/This/That+was+the first/second/...time (that) sb+过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”
(2)“It/This/That+is+the first/second/...time (that) sb+现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”
(3)It is/was (about/high) time that...should do sth/did sth意为“到了……做某事的时间了”,should不能省略。相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth。
(4)There was a time when...
曾经有一段时间……
语法填空
We already know the fact 1.　　 　　 mobile phones have changed the way we live.They have a significant effect on how we read,work,communicate,and shop.People in modern times count on the tiny machines heavily,2.　　　 　 (carry) them whenever and wherever.
that
carrying
1.【解析】 考查同位语从句。分析句子可知,“　　　　 mobile phones have changed the way we live”是对名词fact内容的说明,是同位语从句,从句句意完整,不缺成分。故填that。
2.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,carry是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语。故填carrying。
However,there is still something 3.　　　 　 (known) to us.What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons.4.　　　　(possible),they change not just the way we behave but even 5.　　 　　 very shape of our bodies.New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland,Australia suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads.
unknown
Possibly
the
3.【解析】 考查形容词。提示词作后置定语修饰something,结合句意可知,应用反义形容词unknown。故填unknown。
4.【解析】 考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Possibly。
5.【解析】 考查冠词。分析句子可知,very在此处是形容词,常与定冠词the搭配,表示特指。故填the。
These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend 6.　　　 　(they) heads when they use the phone.This shifts 7.　　 　　 (weigh) onto the muscles at the back of the head 8.　　　　 causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal.This process can 9.　　　 　 (compare) to the way the skin hardens in response 10.　　　　 constant rubbing or pressure.The result is a piece of bone like a horn that sticks out from the head by the neck.
their
weight
and
be compared
to
6.【解析】 考查代词。此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
7.【解析】 考查名词。分析句子可知,空处作宾语,应用提示词的名词形式。故填weight。
8.【解析】 考查连词。分析句子可知,causes和shifts是并列谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。
9.【解析】 考查动词语态。分析句子可知,提示词compare在此处作谓语动词,与主语this process之间是被动关系,情态动词can后的谓语动词用原形。故填be compared。
10.【解析】 考查介词。固定短语in response to意为“作为对……的回应”。故填to。
完形填空
In the middle of 2023,a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology.For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people 　1　 to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language,using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology.This is the closest science that has yet come to 　2　 someone’s mind.
(　　)1.A. eager B. ready
C. unwilling D. unable
D
【解析】 根据空后“were translated into continuous natural language”和下文“Losing the ability to communicate”可知,空处修饰people,此处表示一些人无法(unable)与外界交流,他们的想法和印象被翻译成连续的自然语言。故选D。
(　　)2.A. clearing B. occupying
C. changing D. reading
D
【解析】 根据上文“For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people 　 　 to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language”可知,无法与外界交流的人的想法和印象被翻译成连续的自然语言,这是一种解读(reading)大脑思维的方法。故选D。
Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.　3　 this ability gives patients greater control over their lives.But it could also give other entities,such as corporations,researchers and other third parties,a(n) 　4　 degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients.The NeuroRights Foundation,based at Columbia University in New York,argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnology will be
　5　 for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will.The potential 　6　 of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.
(　　)3.A. Reducing B. Restricting
C. Restoring D. Requiring
C
【解析】 根据下文“gives patients greater control over their lives”及上文“Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.”可知,有的人无法交流,恢复(restoring)这种能力能让病人更好地掌控生活。故选C。
(　　)4.A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable
C. negligible D. supportive
B
【解析】 根据上文“But it could also give other entities,such as corporations,researchers and other third parties”及“degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients”可知,解读大脑虽然可以给病人带来好处,但是也会在让他们不舒适的(uncomfortable)程度上控制他们的生活。故选B。
(　　)5.A. needed B. limited
C. controlled D. denied
A
【解析】 根据上文“new rights surrounding neurotechnology will be”及下文“for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will”可知,需要(needed)围绕神经技术赋予新的权利,以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。故选A。
(　　)6.A. application B. weakness
C. impact D. significance
B
【解析】 根据下文“of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem”可知,残疾患者是弱者,有着交流上的潜在弱点(weakness),所以需要新的权利才能保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志,这是十分重要的问题。故选B。
　7　 this approach,Chile was the first country that adopted legislation,drafting new laws,to address the risks of neurotechnology.It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental 　8　,but was also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neuro data,and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices,even those intended for the general consumer.
(　　)7.A. In comparison with B. In line with
C. At the conclusion of D. At the cost of
B
【解析】 根据上文“that new rights surrounding neurotechnology will be
　 　 for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will”及下文“Chile was the first country that adopted legislation,drafting new laws,to address the risks of neurotechnology”可知,智利的做法与上文提及的方法一致(In line with)。故选B。
(　　)8.A. integrity B. condition
C. disorder D. function
A
【解析】 根据上文“　 　 this ability gives patients greater control over their lives.”及空后法案内容可知,该法案与上文方法一致,不仅引入了精神健全(integrity)的新宪法权利,还保障了数据安全性。故选A。
The proposed legislation recognises the intensely 　9　 nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues,which cannot be bought or sold,only donated.But this legislation has also faced 　10　,with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.
(　　)9.A. group B. general
C. physical D. personal
D
【解析】 根据下文“which cannot be bought or sold,only donated”可知,该立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人(personal)性质,不能买卖,只能捐赠。故选D。
(　　)10.A. interaction B. chance
C. criticism D. defence
C
【解析】 根据下文“with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients”可知,该立法也接受了法律学者的批评(criticism)。故选C。
While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and
　11　 to date,other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnology.
And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical,future　12　 are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes.The growing
　13　 of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.
(　　)11.A. far-reaching B. labour-saving
C. short-sighted D. ill-timed
A
【解析】 根据上文“the most impactful”可知,空处与形容词impactful并列,表示“影响深远的(far-reaching)”,情感色彩一致。故选A。
(　　)12.A. advances B. arrangements
C. requirements D. policies
A
【解析】 根据下文“are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes”可知,此处表示这项技术的未来发展(advances)。故选A。
(　　)13.A. confidence B. availability
C. membership D. movement
B
【解析】 根据前文“future 　 　 are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes”可知,越多地普及该技术的可用性(availability),就会引起更多法律问题。故选B。
Different people,societies,and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line.We are at a(n)　14　 stage of technological development.And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider its implications for legal action becomes more 　15　.
(　　)14.A. mature B. initial
C. different D. final
B
【解析】 根据后文“And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science”可知,我们正处于技术发展的初级(initial)阶段。故选B。
(　　)15.A. diversified B. genuine
C. pressing D. special
C
【解析】 根据上文“And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider its implications for legal action becomes more”可知,脑科学发展越多,其中涉及的个人信息数据安全就越多,考虑法律影响就越迫切(pressing)。故选C。
结语
十年磨剑放光芒，笔尖生辉多力量，自信满满心莫慌，满腔热血上战场，才思隽永心中藏，知识重点全不忘，乘风破浪会有时，金榜题名定辉煌。祝同学们高考加油！
THANK YOU!

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