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Unit 6 Survival
Reading
To find out the reasons for humans to live on Mars
To know the problems faced by human
To know the importance of protecting the Earth
Where is Mars How much do you know about Mars
Mars located at an average distance from the sun of 228 million kilometres, it is the fourth planet of the Solar System. Mars is also known as the Red Planet, because of its distinctive colour. Visible from Earth with the naked eye, Mars has played a central in the mythologies of many cultures, and in modern times it has exercised a fascination over all those interested in the search for extra-terrestrial life and the human colonization of other worlds.
Mars is slightly more than half the size of Earth, with corresponding lower gravity. It’s a dry, rocky planet, with white polar “ice” caps that consist mostly of frozen carbon dioxide.
The average temperature on Mars is minus 63 degrees Celsius.
A day on Mars is about as long as a day on Earth, plus about 39 minutes. Seasons and years are twice as long as they are on Earth.
Since the 1960s, Mars has been the subject of several unmanned exploration missions. However, many of early missions failed. Mars is a long way away, 1000 times farther away from us than the moon.
More About Mars
It may be difficult to imagine when people will live on the planet Mars.
Work in plete the quiz and find out how much you know about Mars. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
1) Mars is the _____ smallest planet in the solar system.
a. second b. third c. fourth
2) The surface of Mars is covered in _____.
a. rocks b. water c. grass
a
a
How much do you know about MARS
3) The average recorded temperature on Mars is __________.
a. 40 ℃ b. 2 ℃ c. -63 ℃
4) One day on Mars is about _____ long.
a. 18 hours b. 24 hours c. 37 hours
c
b
Predict the main idea according to the title and the pictures.
Why do we have Plan B for Earth
One option
Why Mars
Humans’ exploration related to Mars
Right now, Earth is the only home we have!
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
Structure of the passage
Read and check your prediction. Then choose the magazine in which you would most likely find the passage and give your reasons.
All About Space
The Traveller
Environmental Concerns
Biology for Fun
All About Space
The Traveller
The characteristic of each magazine:
The Traveller: focuses on the person who travels, what he sees, what he does or how he feels.
All About Space: focuses on the secret of the outer space, showing various fascinating natural phenomena.
Environmental Concerns
Biology for Fun
Environmental Concerns: focuses on various environmental problems, which usually draws people’s great concern.
Biology for Fun: focuses on studies about life and living organisms for fun, including their physical structure and chemical processes.
Why do we have Plan B for Earth
Paragraph 1
Fear
Solution
Plan B
nuclear missiles
Today environmental problems
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy .
But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life
Clues from the passage
Have you seen the film
“The Day After Tomorrow”
The Day After Tomorrow is a 2004 American science-fiction disaster film. The film is based on the book The Coming Global Superstorm by Art Bell and Whitley Strieber. The film depicts the catastrophic effects of climate change, with extreme weather events leading to global cooling and a new ice age.
The Day After Tomorrow
A clip of The Day After Tomorrow
Right now, Earth is the only home we have!
Paragraph 5
Until now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.
So, we need to take much better care of our own planet—Earth.
Clues from the passage
All About Space
The Traveller
Environmental Concerns
Biology for Fun
All the clues tell us the passage is most likely to be found in the magazine — Environmental Concerns.
Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.
1. Humans have yet not visited Mars.
2. People want to go to Mars on holiday.
3. There are plants growing on Mars.
4. The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.
5. One day, humans will have to go and live on another planet.
6. Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
7. The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
1) What was the greatest fear in the 1960s and 1970s
A. Nuclear missiles. B. Environmental problems.
C. Exploring space. D. Pollution.
2) What does Plan B mean in the passage
A. Replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy on Earth.
B. Exploring other planets, such as Mars, to live on.
C. Educating the public to learn the knowledge of space.
D. Using robots to search for new resources.
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
3) Why Mars is the most likely choice to live on for humans
A. Because there is no pollution.
B. Because there is much renewable energy.
C. Because it is relatively close to Earth.
D. Because there is no risk to live there.
4) According to the passage, which of the following is right
A. It only takes three days to reach Mars.
B. Human settlement of Mars is possible.
C. The first settlers have returned from Mars safely.
D. The Biosphere 2 experiment is a great success.
1) Why do people make Plan B
Environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.
Read the passage to answer the questions.
2) Is it easy for us to live on Mars
It is not easy because it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. Even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth. Staying alive will be a daily challenge.
We need to take much better care of our own planet until we are finally able to live on another planet.
3) What should we do now
Clues:
Space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years (paragraph 3).
So number 1 “Humans have yet not visited Mars” can be inferred.
Clues:
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button (paragraph 1).
So number 4 “The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles” can be inferred.
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy (paragraph 1).
So number 6 “Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources” can be inferred.
As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. Although the two-year experiment was not a success (paragraph 4).
So number 7 “The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure” can be inferred.
Sometimes, we need to form opinions and draw conclusions that are not directly stated within the given information. For example, from the sentence “While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation”, we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars. Headings and pictures can also help us make educated guesses about a text.
1. Would you like to be one of the first people to live on Mars Why or why not
2. Which is better, to live on Mars or to solve Earth's problems Why
3. Can you think of a “Plan C” to save people from the problems on Earth Share it with the class.
4. What theme do the two reading passage in this unit have in common On what aspects does each passage focus
The two passages share the theme of protecting our living environments. The first passage focuses on balancing nature and urban development, and the need for harmony between humans and animals. The second passage focuses on our need to protect Earth even if we intend to settle on other places such as Mars in future.
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
1. Decide your roles.
2. Look at the sample questions about living on Mars and add any more you can think of. Then write down some answers.
What should you do before you have an interview
Know something about the topic you are going to interview.
Know about the person you are going to deal with.
List all the questions you hope to find out.
Prepare more ways to get the same information.
Questions
What can you see from the window of the spacecraft
Can you go outside
How do you get food on Mars
What do you miss about Earth
Answers
1. In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
that引导表语从句，表语从句中的主语为the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet。
Paraphrase:
The human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be eliminated by nuclear missiles easily. That was the greatest fear in the 1960s and 1970s.
表语从句常用的关联词有that, what, which, who, how, whether, if等。
This is why she failed to pass the exam.
The trouble is that I have lost the letter.
eg
advanced adj. having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc. 高级的,先进的
【归纳】
advance n. forward movement 前进
progress in the development or improvement of something 发展，进步
money given to someone as a loan or before the usual time of payment 预支，借钱
advance adj. planning etc. that is done before an event 预先的，事先的
advance v. to move forward 前进，行进
to make progress, especially in your knowledge of something；提升
to bring an event, or the time or date of an event forward to an earlier time or date；提前，提早
to give someone money before they have earned it 预支，预付
wiped out: to destroy a place or a group of people or animals completely 彻底毁灭
This is the most advanced type of engine available.
这是现有的最先进的引擎。
The whole village were wiped out by the earthquake.
整个村庄都被地震摧毁了。
I was given an advance of a month’s pay.
我预支了一个月的工资。
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday.
会议日期从星期五提前到了星期三。
We got no advance warning of the changes.
我们没有事先得到这些变化的警告。
eg
in advance: before something happens or is expected to happen 预先，提前; 在某事发生之前
in advance of: being more developed or modern than someone or something else 超前于某人/某物; 比某事物先进
【拓展】
Many thanks, in advance, for your help.
对你的帮助预先表示万分感谢。
Galileo’s ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.
Galileo的思想超前于他所生活的时代。
eg
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 先进的制造业和现代服务业增长较快。
2) 这项研究在促进我们对语言学习的理解方面做了很多。
3) 我们没有预先收到风暴的预警。
This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.
Advanced manufacturing and modern services registered rapid growth.
We received no advance warning of the storm.
2. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
There is no doubt that...:used when you are saying that sth is certainly true 毫无疑问……
同位语从句一般由that, wh-类连接词引导，常放在doubt, fact, news, idea, truth, hope, thought等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。
There seems to be no doubt that Dick has done his job well.
毫无疑问，Dick做得很好。
eg
The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们球队赢得比赛的消息是真实的。
I have no idea where they have gone.
我不知道他们去了哪里。
同位语从句 定语从句
共同点 从句前都有一个与从句相关的名词
从句作用 对名词解释、说明 对名词(先行词)修饰、限制
引导词that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，但不能省略 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略
eg
3. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
这里的days和months都表示约数，两者可形成一定对比。
while引导的让步状语从句
Paraphrase:
It takes days for people to reach the Moon, but it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
while和although都可以引导让步状语从句，它们在使用时既有不同点又有相同点。
不同 相同
while引导的让步状语从句在意义上与主句的对比不是那么强烈，即主句与从句只是部分不一致。 while和although都不能与but连用，但可以与nevertheless或者yet连用。
although引导的让步状语从句时，主句常有让人意外之意，对比较为强烈。
While I like the style of the dress, I don’t like the colour.
Although the car is very old, it can run pretty fast.
While a prototype may work well in a test, it may nevertheless run out of control when used in practice.
eg
4. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible.
(1) as引导定语从句时，as可以指代一个词或短语，但更常见的事指代整个句子。
as引导定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed to beforehand. (as指代decision)
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. (as指代整个不定式短语)
She is late, as is often case. (as指代整个主句)
eg
as引导定语从句
(2) as引导非限制性定语从句时，as“正如，正像”。
as we all know 正如大家所知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的
as you see 如你所见
as has been said before 如前所述
as is well-known 众所周知
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as is often the case 情况常常如此
(3) 当主句的先行词被the same, such, so等修饰时，要用 as引导定语从句，as在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday.
I never heard such stories as he told.
eg
5. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
consist of: to be formed from two or more things or people 由……构成，由……组成
Their diet consists of vegetables and fruits.
他们的日常饮食包括蔬菜和水果。
eg
不用于被动语态和进行时
consist of & make up
consist of 常用整体作主语，表示“（整体）由……组成”。
make up 常用部分作主语，表示“（部分）构成（整体）”；
如果用整体作主语时，则用被动结构be made up of，这时可以和consist of互换
A car consists of many different parts.
= A car is made up of many different parts.
= Many different parts make up a car.
eg
【语境应用】找出下面句子中的错误，并在横线处改正。
1) She said that team made up of representatives from every province. _______________
2) The medical team, which was consisted of thirteen doctors, arrived at the village yesterday. _______________
3) His job is consisted of helping old people who live alone. _____________________
made前加was
去掉was
is consisted → consists
6. For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.
for now = right now: until a later time目前； temporarily 暂时
in the meantime: until something expected happens, or while something else is happening与此同时, 在此期间
Although I have second thoughts about your plan，I'll accept it for now. 虽然我对你的计划有想法，但是目前我还是接受的。
Your computer won't be arriving till Thursday. In the meantime, you can use Jude's. 您的计算机要到星期四才能到达。在此期间，你可以使用Jude的。
eg
Paraphrase:
At the present time, it will be decades before humans can settle on Mars. Meanwhile, scientific research shows that the planet Earth will continue getting warmer.
1. Read the passage again and write a summary of the passage.
2. Review the new words and language points you have learned.
3. Watch the “Hello! Mars” documentary and learn about the history of China’s first Mars exploration mission.
The passage mainly tells us that the planet Earth is getting warmer and warmer, and now our environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Exploring Mars is the most likely choice due to its natural geographical conditions. Although we have been making efforts, for now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. We need to take much better care of the planet Earth. We also need to make greater efforts to realize our dream.
One possible version:
Summary
Thank you

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