资源简介

(共24张PPT)
Period 2　Understanding ideas
要点内化课
Unit 6
素养目标 1.Learn and master the vocabulary about the topic of agriculture.
2.Learn how to study new words from the context.
3.Try to express ideas and opinions by using the new words and expressions.
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.根据语境选词填空
sheet,region,therefore,harm,agriculture,shallow,prevent,design
1.The river is so _______ that no fish can live in it.
2.There are clean ______ and warm blankets on the beds.
3.Tables are decorated with a sunflower ______.
4.The UN still hopes to ________ war.
5.It’s a remote mountainous ______.
6.Those people have their umbrellas up; _________ it must be raining.
7.Much ______ has already been done to the earth’s environment.
8.___________ occupies an important place in the national economy.
shallow
sheets
design
prevent
region
therefore
harm
Agriculture
Ⅱ.短语汉译英
1.与……和谐相处　　　　　 ________________
2.与……连接 ____________
3.为……提供…… _____________
4.以……为食 ________
5.把……传下去 __________
6.被包裹在……之中 ______________
7.远至,就……而言 _________
8.冲走 ___________
in harmony with
connect with
provide...for...
feed on
pass down
be wrapped in
as far as
wash away
词 汇 微 空 间 动词+-tion→ 名词
generate 产生　　→generation 一代人
attract 吸引 →_________ 吸引
prevent 防止 →__________ 防止
admire 欣赏 →___________ 欣赏
attraction
prevention
admiration
知识素养积淀
1.prevent v.阻挡;防止　派生 prevention n.阻挡;阻止　preventable adj.可阻止的
【观察 悟】
※(2022·浙江1月高考)It’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.
在中年时期改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。
※The heavy rain prevented us from starting a trip.
那场大雨阻碍了我们出发去旅游。
※Prevention is better than cure.(话题典句)
预防胜于治疗。
※We really want to see preventable deaths coming down in the next decade or so.
我们真的希望在未来十年左右看到可预防的死亡人数下降。
【生成 得】
prevent...from __________
阻止,制止
【点拨迷津】各种”阻止”的用法
(1)prevent/stop/keep sb.from doing sth.都可表示”阻止某人做某事”;protect...from/against 保护……免受……。
※She protected her eyes from the sun with her hands.她用手挡住阳光以保护眼睛。
(2)prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.中的from在主动语态中可以省略,但在被动语态中不能省略;keep sb.from doing sth.中的from在主动语态和被动语态中都不能省略。
【内化 用】 用prevent的适当形式填空
①People wear masks to ________ the spread of infection.
②The accident made us realize the importance of __________.
③Smoking is the biggest ___________ cause of death and disease.
prevent
prevention
preventable
2.design v.设计 n.设计,图样　派生 designer n.设计者
【观察 悟】
※The poster was designed for the election campaign.
海报是为竞选活动而设计的。
※He has a gift for design.
他颇具设计天赋。
※We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.
我们永远也不会知道这件事是个意外还是事先安排的。
※She is now working on a career as a fashion designer.
她现在正从事时装设计师的工作。
【生成 得】
①______________　　 为……而设计
②_________ 故意地
【内化 用】 语法填空
①This dictionary is designed ____ advanced learners of English.
②The toys come in a huge range of colours and _______(design).
③This is the mark of her real genius as a ________ (design).
be designed for
by design
for
designs
designer
3.Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
目之所及,梯田从山脚到山顶层层盘绕。
　　句中Reaching as far as the eye can see为现在分词短语作状语。
【观察 悟】
※Hearing their teacher’s voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
一听到教师的声音,学生们立即停止讲话。
※Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题,他求助了老师。
※Working hard, you’ll succeed.
如果你努力工作,你会成功的。
※Weighing almost one hundred kg, the stone was moved by him alone.
虽然那块石头重将近一百千克,他一个人就把它挪动了。
※Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.(话题典句)
他们的车遇上交通阻塞,因而耽误了。
※The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
那些孩子们跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着。
【生成 得】
现在分词短语可作_________、_________、_________、_________、
结果状语、方式或伴随状语。
时间状语
原因状语
条件状语
让步状语
【内化 用】
①_______ __ _____ ________ ______ ________ ____ ___, the driver pulled
up quickly.
看到一个很大的生物飞过空中,司机立刻停车。
②________ ___ ____ ____, you will find the path leading to the park.
向左转,你会发现通往公园的小路。
③________ ____ _____, they all jumped with joy.
听到这个消息,他们都快乐地跳了起来。
Seeing
a
large
creature
flying
through
the
air
Turning
to
the
left
Hearing
the
news
【备选要点】
1.sheet n. (冰或水等的)一大片
【观察 悟】
※The road was covered with a sheet of ice.
路面结了一层冰。
※The rain was coming down in sheets.
大雨倾盆而下。
※I’ll go and find you some clean sheets and blankets.
我去给你们找些干净的床单和毯子。
【知识延伸】
【内化 用】 写出sheet在句中的汉语意思
①The machine punches a row of holes in the metal sheet.( )
②At the top and bottom of your sheet of paper, write a word or two for your
introduction.( )
③The children used an old sheet to serve as a curtain.( )
薄板
纸张
床单
2.therefore adv.因此,由此
【观察 悟】
※It is therefore up to you to decide which method best fits the culture of the organization.
因此,由你决定采用哪种方式才是符合该机构文化的。
※He lost his health, and therefore his difficulties increased.
他身体虚弱,因此更增加了他的困难。
【知识延伸】
英语中表示”因此”的常见单词有:accordingly,consequently,so,therefore。
【内化 用】 翻译句子
①下雨了,足球赛因此而延期了。
___________________________________________________
②他很忙,所以没能来。
______________________________________
It rained and therefore the football match was postponed.
He was busy, therefore, he couldn’t come.
3.shallow adj.浅的;肤浅的
【观察 悟】
※These fish are found in shallow waters around the coast.
这些鱼生长在海边浅水域。
※If he’s only interested in your looks, that shows his shallowness.
如果他只是对你的外貌感兴趣,那说明他是多么肤浅。
※He lay there unconsciously, breathing shallowly.
他躺在那里不省人事,呼吸微弱。
【生成 得】
【内化 用】 用shallow的适当形式填空
①We can see a person’s ____________ from his speech.
②He was breathing quickly and _________.
完成句子
③____ ______ __ _______ near the bank.岸边的水浅。
shallowness
shallowly
The
water
is
shallow
课时素养达标
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.I should have changed this _____(床单)for you.
2._________(因此),he can go shopping without being recognized.
3.His talk is very _______(肤浅的).
4.The heavy rain __________(阻止) me arriving at school on time yesterday.
5.They wanted to ______(设计) a machine that was both attractive and practical.
6.Fruit juice can ______(危害)children’s teeth.
sheet
Therefore
shallow
prevented
design
harm
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Shanghai is likely to ___________Volvo’s new headquarters in China.
上海有可能成为沃尔沃新的中国总部所在地。
2.Humans should take good care of all kinds of creatures and be ___________
_____ nature.
人类应该爱护所有的生物,并与自然和谐相处。
3.He will ________ me _____ the needed resources.
他会给我提供必要的资源。
be home to
in harmony
with
provide
with
4.Bats fly at night and ________insects.
蝙蝠夜间飞行,以昆虫为食。
5.A mother ____________weaving traditions to her daughter.
一位母亲将编织传统传给女儿。
6. _________accuracy goes, PDF’s much better than images.
至于准确性,PDF比图片好得多。
7.Make it a point to get at least eight hours of sleep and _________rest.
要重视保证至少八小时睡眠和足够的休息。
feed on
passed down
As far as
plenty of(共53张PPT)
Period 4　Developing ideas阅读提能课
Unit 6
素养目标 1.Learn and grasp the vocabulary about the topic of gardening and plants.
2.Learn to find the topic sentence of each paragraph.
3.Learn new words,expressions and difficult sentences in the context.
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出单词
1.Who do you suppose will ________(代替) her on the show
2.They displayed only a part of their products because space was ________(有限的).
3.He was beginning to enjoy the _______(美)of nature.
4.I often download some reading __________(材料)online to improve my English.
5.He’s a computer ______(专家).
6.His latest book of poetry will be _________(出版) in May.
replace
limited
beauty
materials
expert
published
Ⅱ.短语汉译英
1.高超的种植技能　　 _____________
2.允许某人做某事 _________________
3.也,和,还 _________
4.思考,反省 _________
5.生物 ____________
6.业余活动 ________________
7.空气质量 __________
8.花时间做某事 ________________________
green fingers
allow sb.to do sth.
as well as
reflect on
living things
free-time activity
air quality
spend time (in) doing sth.
Ⅰ.快速浏览课文并回答下列问题
1.Which of the following is not true about “The Secret Garden”
A.It was a book.
B.It was published in 1911.
C.It said that British had “green fingers”.
D.It was published when only the very rich in Britain had gardens.
2.Which of the activities is not mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.Planting sunflowers.　　 B.Cutting roses.
C.Growing vegetables. D.Cutting the grass.
3.What can we know from Paragraph 3
A.British are finding more space for gardening.
B.British are limiting private gardens for air pollution.
C.Every British can turn rooftops and walls into private gardens.
D.Over 4,000 people in London can rent small pieces of land.
4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A.Gardening is good for people as well.
B.Gardening is good for the environment.
C.Gardening allows you to be at one with nature.
D.Gardening allows you to reflect on the lines in the book.
5.Where can you find this passage
A.A magazine. B.A science book.
C.A travel guide. D.A flower book.
Ⅱ.根据课文完成短文
Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have”green fingers”, with around
half the population 1._________(spend) most of their free time gardening.For many
people in the UK, their garden is their own 2._______(privacy) world.While many
Brits like nothing better 3._____ spending their Sunday 4._______(cut) the grass, some
are happy just to sit and enjoy the 5._______(beautiful) of their small world.But in
cities, 6._______(limit) space has led to people looking for new solutions.Some people
rent small 7.______(piece) of land to grow things, and some turn rooftops and walls
8.____ gardens.These gardens have 9._______(help) make the cities 10.________
(green) and improve air quality.Gardening is good for the environment and the soul.
spending
private
than
cutting
beauty
limited
pieces
into
helped
greener
知识素养积淀
1.replace v. 以……替换;更换
【观察 悟】
※ (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.
我们正在思考如何设计植物来取代我们每天使用的东西的功能。
※It’s not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃正餐,改吃点心,这不是一个好主意。
※I replaced the cup carefully in the saucer.
我小心翼翼地将杯子放回茶碟。
【生成 得】
replace sth. = take the place of sth. _________
replace... _________ 用……替换……
be replaced by ___________
replace... as ___________________
代替……
with/by...
被……替换
取代……而成为……
【知识延伸】
英语中表示”代替”的短语还有:in place of;take the place of;take one’s place。例如:
谁将代替这位医生
Who will replace the doctor
=Who will be in place of the doctor
=Who will take the place of the doctor
【内化 用】 用恰当的介词填空
①She replaced her husband ___ the local teacher.
②I replaced the old tools _______ the new ones.
③The teacher will never be replaced ___ computers in class.
句型转换
④I will replace your teacher to give lessons to you.
→I will _____ ____ _____ ___ _____ _______ to give lessons to you.
as
with/by
by
take
the
place
of
your
teacher
2.limited adj.有限的　派生 limit vt. 限制,限定　n.限制,限度,界限
【观察 悟】
※(2021·浙江高考)Many people in China have limited exposure to English.
在中国许多人对英语的接触有限。
※ It is beyond the limit of my ability.
这超出了我的能力。
※Limit your speech to 10 minutes.(高考典句)
把你的发言时间限制在10分钟之内。
【生成 得】
_________　　　 ……的限制
limit...to... _________________
【内化 用】 语境填词
①She knew the _____(限度) of her power.
②You need to _____(限定) the words to 500 when you write an article.
③This offer is for a _______(有限的) period only.
a limit of
把……限制到……
limit
limit
limited
3.Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.
那些没有空地的人们可以租小块土地种东西。
　　这是一个简化了的定语从句。在正式文体中,可以用”介词+关系代词+带to的不定式”结构来简化定语从句。
【观察 悟】
※She must have time in which she can grow calm.
=She must have time in which to grow calm.
她必须有冷静下来的时间。
※Allow me one minute in which I can change my clothes.
=Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.
给我一点时间换衣服。
※She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother.
=She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.
她银行里有些钱,可以用来帮助她的母亲。
【生成 得】
定语从句的简化结构:_____+_________+_____
【内化 用】
用”介词+关系代词+带to的不定式”结构改写句子
①They wanted better places in which they could live and work.
=They wanted better places ___ ______ ___ ____ ____ _____.
②He had the long nights in which he could study.
=He had the long nights ___ ______ ___ ______.
③The boy wants another fifty cents with which he could buy some ice cream.
=The boy wants another fifty cents _____ ______ ___ ____ some ice cream.
介词
关系代词
to do
in
which
to
live
and
work
in
which
to
study
with
which
to
buy
【备选要点】
1.publish v. 出版,发行　派生 publishment n. 出版,发行; publisher n. 出版商,发表者
【观察 悟】
※The deadline to publish the document is a week from tomorrow.
从明天起一周后是公布这份文件的最后期限。
※As the magazine’s publisher, he had to take responsibility.
作为杂志的发行人,他必须负责任。
※The book’s publishment is delayed.这本书的出版被耽搁了。
【内化 用】 用含有publish的词块填空
①Perhaps,we could _______ the results in the magazine.
②The _________ rejected his book.
③The ____________ of his poetry is a success in his life.
publish
publisher
publishment
2.expert adj.内行的,专家的　n.专家,内行
【观察 悟】
※Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses.
内行的园艺人知道哪个角落适合玫瑰。[教材典句]
※He is generally accepted as the world’s greatest expert in the field.
他被公认为世界上该领域最权威的专家。
【内化 用】 用expert的适当形式填空
①You’ll also get ______ advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
②Even an ______ sometimes makes a mistake.
expert
expert
课时素养达标
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示写出正确的单词
1.It’s quite a good story but it needs time before we can p______ it.
2.Each of the authors of the tapes is an e______ in his field.
3.At last,she agreed to r____ the spare room to me.
4.The new railway will b______ the district.
5.Nothing can r______ a mother’s love and care.
ublish
xpert
ent
enefit
eplace
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Meditation improves your life by _______ __ ________ ______ ___(对……有一个
积极的影响) your mind and body.
2.If I were you, I would ______ _____ _____ ___ (花更多时间在)English.
3.There is ________ ______ _____(没什么比……更好)to see the smiling face of you.
4.When ___ ______(有疑问), call the doctor.
5.Enough money ________ ____ ___ ______(允许她旅行) around the world.
6.The teacher ___ ____ ___(和,还有) his students visited the famous museum.
7.He fell asleep _____ ____ _______ ________(蜡烛点着).
8.You should ______ ___(反省) your mistakes every day.
having
a
positive
effect
on
spend
more
time
on
nothing
better
than
in
doubt
allowed
her
to
travel
as
well
as
with
the
candle
burning
reflect
on
写作素养提升
写一篇与自然有关的概要
【写作指导】
话题阐释
　　本单元写作话题涉及英国人爱喝的果茶和花草茶,这些茶口味独特、气味芬芳,而且对人体健康大有裨益。学生可以从中了解相关知识,明白保护自然就是保护自己的道理,从而树立天人合一的哲学观。
文体概述
　　概要写作是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。
【知识延伸】写作注意事项:
　　(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details)。
　　(2)安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
　　(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文。
　　(4)尽可能用自己的话来写。
【典题示例】
　　阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
　　Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.
However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
　　In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his
kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ, King of France, was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
　　Though the belief in the merit(好处)of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.
Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far
　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者) position is gaining some ground.
Step 1　谋篇立意
体裁 说明文 要点提示
时态 一般过去时和一般现在时 第一段:点明文章主题
第二段:概括文章要点
第三段:结论
人称 第三人称
Step 2　语言支架
1.列出写作纲要
Topic:There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.(Para.1)
Supporting ideas:
1)In the early 16th century(Para.2)
(1)Topic sentence:
People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.
(2)Main points:
①____________________________________________________________
②_______________________________________________________________
____________________
Washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.
Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with
dirt in a friendly way.
2)Since the 18th century(Para.3)
(1)Topic sentence:
Dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.
(2)Main points:
③_____________________________________________________
④_____________________________________________________________
_________________
Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.
Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science
since World War .
3)Nowadays (Para.4)
(1)Topic sentence:
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.
(2)Main points:
⑤________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
⑥ _______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
________
Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off
touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.
On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist,
encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune
system.
2.使用同义词、反义词和句型转换的方法改写句子,切忌抄袭原文
(1)There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
反义转换:
①nothing fixed: ________, _______
同义替换:
②attitudes: ________, ______, _____
句型转换:
③The attitudes to dirt are not always ________.
④People’s attitudes to dirt _____ ___ different times.
⑤People _____________________towards dirt over time.
different
various
opinions
views
ideas
the same
vary
in
hold different opinions
(2)In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to
block out disease.
同义替换:
①think: _______, ________
②block out: _______________, _______________, __________________
句型转换:
③In the early 16th century, people ________ that dirt on the skin _________
people _____ getting ill.
believe
consider
prevent...from...
protect...from...
keep away...from...
believed
protected
from
(3)Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.
同义替换:
①clean away: ________, _________
②be good to: _______, ______________, __________, _____________
句型转换:
③People have been told that ________ dirt ___ our body can _____ us _______.
wash off
get rid of
benefit
be beneficial to
do good to
contribute to
washing
off
keep
healthy
(4)On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist,encourages
children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.
同义替换:
①on the contrary: ________, ___________
②play in the dirt: ____________________
句型转换:
③_________, some scientists believe that _________ to some dirt may help
__________ our immune system.
however
nevertheless
be exposed to the dirt
However
exposure
strengthen
1.细读原文,掌握文章主旨和结构,明确各段的大意。
①找出文章主题句
Para.1: ________________________________________________
②找出各段主题句
Para.2: __________________________________________________________
__________________________
Para.3: __________________________________________________________
_____________
Para.4: ________________________________________
However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was
a means to block out disease.
Dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.
18th century.
2.列出各段要点
Para.2
Main point 1:____________________________________________________
_________
Main point 2:______________________________________________________
_____________________________
Washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and
let ills in.
Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe
lived with dirt in a friendly way.
Para.3
Main point 1:_____________________________________________________
Main point 2:________________________________________________
______________________________
Para.4
Main point 1:_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Main point 2:______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.
Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved
beyond science since World War .
Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children
off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.
On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist,
encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.
3.列出关键词汇
Para.1: ______ (确定的,不变的)
Para.2: _______ (手段,方法)
_________ (挡住)
________ (打开)
Para.3: _________ (长期存在的)
___________ (说服某人接受某个观点)
Para.4: ___________ (警告某人不要靠近)
_________________ (取得优势)
fixed
means
block out
open up
long-lived
sell the idea
warn sb.off
gain some ground
Step 3　润色组篇
　　People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt on the skin protected people from getting ill.However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.Yet, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help strengthen our immune system.
善积累 获新知
★话题词汇识记
影响:play an important role in, have a positive effect on, do much good to, do harm/damage to
列举:for example, for instance, such as, and so on
原因: because of, due to, account for, result from
结果: as a result, lead to, result in, contribute to, be likely to cause, therefore, consequently
★话题好句背诵
1.It’s important to learn how we can protect the environment.
我们学习如何保护环境是很重要的。
2.To prevent the process of desertification,I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down.
为了防止沙漠化的进程,我希望所有的人都爱护森林,种植更多的树木,而不是砍伐它们。
3.Let’s try our best to make the earth cleaner and more beautiful.
让我们尽我们最大的努力使地球更清洁、更美丽。
4.It’s high time we took effective measures to live in harmony with nature.
该是我们采取有效措施与自然和谐相处的时候了。
【写作点拨】
高考概要写作题型解读
1.题型介绍
◆选材特点
(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内;
(2)所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
◆评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意:理解准确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高。相反,如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
2.考查能力
概要写作,简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可称之为摘要。写概要时,读者是要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而不是抄袭文章的原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力,同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此,概要写作基于阅读理解和书面表达,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
3.写作步骤
(1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读原文,掌握文章主旨和结构,明确各段的大意。
(2)弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要,不是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。
(3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
(4)在写作时要特别注意下面几点:
①概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
②安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
③注意要点之间的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
④不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
⑤计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。
4.备考建议
概要写作,其实我们考生并不陌生,在日常的英语教学中,教师经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文,这在一定程度上都为概要写作打下了基础。除此之外,作为考生,还要注意以下几点:
(1)积累常见的同义短语和句型转换,掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。”巧妇难为无米之炊”,即使有再好的写作技巧,如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识,也很难写出概要写作的上乘之作。因此,考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫,以不变应万变。
(2) 进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点,找到概要写作的感觉,冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章,进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材,分类训练篇章结构的布局,增强对文章上下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。如:
记叙文:what/who/when/where/why/how
议论文:opinion/idea+argument(supporting ideas/reasons)
说明文:phenomenon/problem+reason+solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)
新闻: a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs
综合以上分析可知,新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况,也注意考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能,目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的课堂教学改革。(共29张PPT)
Unit 6　At one with nature
Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas语篇研读课
Unit 6
素 养 目 标 1.Learn some vocabulary of natural environment and agriculture.
2.Read Longji Rice Terraces and try to understand its main idea and the writing purpose.
3.Learn to use some effective reading strategies to get useful information and facts.
4.Get to know the relationship between people and nature.
5.Learn to use a mind map to study the working principle of rice terraces.
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.新词相知
结合语境,选择恰当的单词填空。
sheet, prevent, design, agriculture, therefore, region
1.We do not have enough money._________, we can not afford to buy the new car.
2.The area still depends on ___________.
3.He ________ a new poster for his product last night.
4.People mainly plant wheat in this ______.
5.Exercise helps ________ heart disease.
6.Be careful! A _____ of ice covered the lake.
Therefore
agriculture
designed
region
prevent
sheet
Ⅱ.短语熟记
选择恰当的短语,用其适当形式补全下列语境。
be wrapped in; as far as; plenty of; prevent...from...; in harmony with; connect...with...; provide...for...; pass down
1.We should ________ the children _____ playing with fire.
2.This picture has been _______ ______ through the family.
3.He said that he would ________ the needed resources ____ me.
4.The gifts ________________pretty paper.
prevent
from
passed
down
provide
for
were wrapped in
5.People should live ________________nature.
6.We walked _________the river.
7. _________athletes took part in the Olympics.
8.He is ______________the heroic deed.
课文浅触
　　Do you know Zhuang people in Guangxi Can you say something about their languages, customs and life styles
in harmony with
as far as
Plenty of
connected with
【参考答案】
The Zhuang ethnic group
　　The Zhuang ethnic group has about 19 million members and is the largest of China’s 55 official minorities.Most of them inhabit Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, where they account for a third of the population, and Yunnan Province.
　　Most Zhuang people speak Mandarin Chinese, but they have their own spoken languages that are related to Thai.They have two main dialect divisions: northern dialects and southern dialects, and there are numerous local dialects.
　　The Zhuang people are fond of singing, and the Zhuang areas are also famed as “the ocean of songs”. During slack farming seasons, holidays, festivals, or at weddings and funerals, the Zhuang people will hold Gexu Festival (singing fairs).On these occasions, young people from nearby villages will wear their finest costumes and come together to sing songs and meet their possible lover.
探究素养提能
Step 1　Pre-reading
Classify the following pictures into the right group.
Zhuang ethnic group:______
Yao ethnic group:______
2 4 6
1 3 5
Step 2　While-reading
1.Skim the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para 1　　 a.the terraces’ working principle
Para 2 b.the reason for building the terraces
Para 3 c.the terraces’ scenery in four seasons
Para 4 d.the inheritance of terrace-building knowledge
Para 5 e.the terraces’ history
答案:c e b a d
2.Choose the best answer.
(1)When do the Longji Rice Terraces turn green
A.In spring.　　　　　 B.In summer.
C.In autumn. D.In winter.
(2)Several dynasties saw the building of Longji Rice Terraces, except .
A.the Song Dynasty B.the Yuan Dynasty
C.the Ming Dynasty D.the Qing Dynasty
(3)What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.There are plenty of large and flat lands in the mountain.
B.It seldom rains in the local region.
C.The local people built the terraces to grow more rice.
D.The terraces are of little use to hold the water and soil.
(4)What is the writing type of the passage
A.Advertisement. B.Report.
C.Announcement. D.Introduction.
3.Answer the following questions.
(1)Why did local people go to so much trouble to build terraces
Because they wanted to increase the areas to grow rice and the terraces can hold the water and soil.
(2)How can the terraces catch the rainwater
The rainwater moves along the waterways down the mountains and into the terraces.
(3)What do the local people do to maintain the terraces
The knowledge is passed down through families so the new generations can continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.
Scan the passage and fill in the form below.
Name 1. ___________________ Location 2. ________
Appearance 3. _________________________________________
History 4. ___________________________________________
Builders 5. _____________________________
Function 6. _________________________________________________________
Conditions 7. _____________________________________________
Longji Rice Terraces
Guangxi
cover tall mountains from the bottom to the top
from the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty
the local Zhuang and Yao people
catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away
well-maintained, attractive to thousands of visitors
Sentence explanation
1.Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water,
　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
过去分词短语作后置定语修饰mountains
shining in the spring sun.
　　　　　　↓
现在分词短语作宾语补足语修饰mountains
句意:__________________________________________________
想象群山包裹在粼粼波光之中,在春日暖阳下熠熠生辉。
2.Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the
　　　　　　↓
现在分词短语作时间状语
terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion in the early Qing Dynasty.
句意:_____________________________________________
始于元朝,完成于清初,梯田的修建经历了数百年。
3.Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces
　　　　　　　　　　↓
　　　现在分词短语作伴随状语
cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
句意:__________________________________________
目之所及,梯田一层层从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。
Step 3　Post-reading
Reading review.
　　Today, I read the passage ___________________. I’ve learned that it took
the Zhuang and Yao people _________________to build ___________. The
terraces can not only help people grow more rice but also _________________
________. The terraces have been _______________ generation after generation.
　　After reading it, I think that people can improve ________________ by
transforming nature reasonably and that people should ______________ and live
in harmony with nature.
Longji Rice Terraces
hundreds of years
the terraces
hold the rainwater
and soil
well maintained
the quality of life
protect nature
Fill in the diagrams.
答案:1.terraces　2.birds　3.fish　
4.rice crops　5.insects　6.rainwater　
7.waterways　8.terraces　9.sun　
10.vapour　11.clouds
【主题情境思考】
Can you give other successful examples of people transforming nature Do you think people should conquer nature or adapt to the natural environment How can people live in harmony with nature
【参考答案】
　　The successful examples: Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan Province, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.
　　Man and nature are interactive forces.Looking back in history, we may find that harmony used to exist between people and nature.At that time nature was pure field to be ploughed, sown and harvested.Man respected nature and was one part of nature.
　　While we are disrupting the order of the natural world, we are the ultimate victims, for nature is seeking its revenge.Disappearing forests, drying rivers, polluted soil and worsening climate have punished greedy human beings.We have taken too much from nature, and given back too little.
　　Looking forward to the future, when we remember the deep interdependent relationship between people and nature, when citizens of the world work persistently to protect nature, then nature will be our friend instead of our slave or servant.Sure, people can live in harmony with nature, with commitment, hard work and new technology.
课时素养达标
　　Cao Zhawa has been planting trees for most of his life.He lives and works in the heart of Mu Us Sandy Land,an area in the southwest part of Inner Mongolia.
　　In 1958,when he was just 16 years old,Cao started planting trees.Cao’s trees now cover an area of more than 1.3 million square meters.Cao’s forest is worth an estimated 10 million yuan and can produce about 100,000 kilograms’ oxygen.
　　Mu Us Sandy Land is one of the places in China most affected by erosion(侵蚀) and desertification.The amount of annual rainfall ranges from 150 to 300 millimeters,while evaporation(蒸发) between 2,000 and 3,000 millimeters.Cao recalls that his growing-up was troubled by sandstorms.This was one of the factors that motivated Cao to join and stay on the tree-planting program.
　　Popularly known as the “Green Great Wall”,the project,which is set for completion in 2050,would be a 4,800-kilometer greenbelt of trees and shrubs(灌木) protecting the area from strong winds and preventing soil erosion.Since the start of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program,millions of people have joined in and become a vital part of the plan.
　　However,the tree-planters face a host of challenges,with watering the most difficult among them.”When I was young,the level of groundwater was high,” said Cao,”But with less rain,the trees are hard to plant and keep alive.”
　　Planting trees has also become harder for Cao as he ages.However,he doesn’t want to leave the forest in the care of his children,and he insists the land belongs to the government.”When I die,I just want to be buried under the trees,” Cao said.”Then I will be with them forever.”
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了曹扎娃从16岁开始就在沙漠地区种植树木,以防风固林,抵御沙尘暴。他用毕生心血来种树,现在他种植的树的面积已超过130万平方米,森林价值约1000万元,能产生约10万千克氧气。
1.What’s the author’s purpose by listing the figures in Paragraph 2
A.To show Cao has had a hard life.
B.To praise Cao for his contribution.
C.To tell us how much oxygen an adult needs.
D.To make it clear that Cao has made a fortune.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段”1958年,年仅16岁的曹开始植树,目前曹种植的树木面积已超过130万平方米,森林价值约1000万元,能产生10万千克氧气。”可推知,这些数据表明,曹扎娃在植树方面取得了很大的成就,作者是为了称赞曹扎娃。
2.Why did Cao make up his mind to plant trees
A.Evaporation in his hometown was serious.
B.He had no other ways to earn a living.
C.He found it a pleasure to plant trees.
D.Sandstorms kept striking his hometown.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。第三段提到,毛乌素沙地是中国受侵蚀和荒漠化影响最严重的地方之一,他的成长受到沙尘暴的困扰,这是促使他开始植树计划的原因之一,由此可知,沙尘暴经常侵袭他的家乡,这让他决定要植树。
3.What does Cao Zhawa most care about
A.His health.　　　　 B.His wealth.
C.Forest ownership. D.Children’s future.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段”然而,他不想把森林留给他的孩子们,他坚持土地属于政府”可知,他最在意的是以后森林的归属权,他坚持土地属于政府。
4.What’s the best title for the passage
A.An Elder in the Desert
B.A Life Devoted to Planting Trees
C.Mu Us Sandy Land Requires Forest
D.Cao Zhawa—a Peasant with a Great Dream
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。第一段中提到,曹扎娃的大半辈子都在种树,他生活和工作在内蒙古西南部的毛乌素沙地的中心地带,由此可知,文章主要讲述了一个奉献一生来种树的老人的故事。B项A Life Devoted to Planting Trees(为植树造林贡献一生)为本文最佳标题。(共34张PPT)
Period 3　Using language
语法精析课
Unit 6
定语从句(Ⅲ)
素养目标 1.Understand and master the attributive clause with preposition+which/whom.
2.Learn to observe and conclude the rules of choosing the proper prepositions before which/whom.
3.Learn to use the attributive clause with preposition+which/whom properly in the real context.
语法精讲透析
【体验 悟】
阅读下面的课文原句并回答问题。
原句1
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.
原句2
Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.
原句3
But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
原句4
This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
原句5
These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
原句6
Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces
still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value.
【生成 得】
定语从句可以由___________引导,如原句2,3,4,5;也可以由___________
引导,如原句1,6。
介词+which
介词+whom
【研学 析】
介词+which/whom的定语从句用法
1.语用功能
(1)表示地点、时间和原因的”介词+which”分别相当于 where,when,why;可用where,when,why替换。
※The earth on which/where we live is a planet.
我们生活的地球是一个行星。
※I’ll never forget the day on which/when I joined the team.
我永远不会忘记我加入团队的那一天。
※The reason for which/why he got a job was that he worked hard.
他得到一份工作的原因是他工作努力。
【内化 用】同义句转换:
①I know a wood where you can find roses.
→I know a wood ___ ______ you can find roses.
②Do you remember the day when you joined our club
→Do you remember the day ___ ______ you joined our club
③Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school
→Can you tell me the reason ____ ______ you were late for school
in
which
on
which
for
which
(2)way后常用that代替in which,也可省略that。
※I really don’t like the way that he talks.
我真的不喜欢他说话的方式。
※That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
那是老太太照顾我们的方式。
※Do it the way I showed you.
照我教你的做。
【内化 用】同义句转换:
I don’t like the way he treats us.
①I don’t like the way _______________.
②I don’t like the way ___________________.
that he treats us
in which he treats us
(3)”of +which”起形容词的作用,相当于whose(用来指物),其词序通常是”the+n.+of which”。
※They live in a house whose door/the door of which opens to the south.
他们住在一座大门朝南开的房子里。
※He’s written a book, whose name/the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.
他写了一本书,我完全忘了书的名字。
【内化 用】同义句转换:
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
①He lives in a room, the window __________________.
②He lives in a room, _____________________________.
of which faces north
of which the window faces north
2.介词的选择
(1)介词与先行词的习惯搭配
There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.(in与way是习惯搭配)
(2)介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词的习惯搭配
①These are the wires with which different machines are connected.(be connected with是习惯搭配)
②The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.(be familiar with是习惯搭配)
【内化 用】用恰当的介词填空:
①Yesterday we visited the West Lake ____ which Hangzhou is famous.
②The old woman _______ whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
③The naughty boy made a hole in the wall ________ which he could see what
was happening outside.
④The student ___ whom I want to be grateful is Tom.
⑤My mother is looking for her glasses,________ which she can’t watch TV
clearly.
for
with/to
through
without
to
3.介词的位置
(1)介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前,但也可放在原来的位置上。如:
※The house in which we live is not large.
(=The house which we live in is not large.)
我们住的房子不大。
※This is the man from whom I learned the news.
(=This is the man whom I learned the news from.)
我就是从这个人那儿得到这个消息的。
(2)介词和谓语动词是固定词组时,介词一般不前置。如:
listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of,look into,break into,get rid of,take part in,make use of,take hold of,catch hold of,catch up with,get along with,look forward to, etc.
【误】This is the girl of whom he will take care.
【正】This is the girl whom he will take care of.
(3)复杂介词+关系代词
复杂介词皆位于关系代词前。常见的复杂介词有on the top of,in the middle of,in front of,in spite of,at the back of,because of 等.
※Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.
声音是人们相互交流的工具。
※They marched through the square,in the middle of which stood a monument.
他们穿过广场,广场中间立着一座纪念碑。
※They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.
他们来到一个农舍,前面坐着一个男孩。
【内化 用】完成句子:
①I saw a woman, ___ ____ _____ ___ whom stood a bird.
我看见一个女人,她的脑袋上站着一只鸟。
②We got to a house, ___ ____ _____ ___ which was a large garden.
我们到达了一座房子,房子的后面有一个大花园。
③She had a bad cold, ________ ___ which she couldn’t attend the meeting.
她患上了重感冒,因此不能出席会议了。
on
the
head
of
at
the
back
of
because
of
(4)代词/数词+of+关系代词
这些数词和代词有all, each, one, many, much, more, most, any, some,
a few, a little, none, both, several, enough, the latter, the former等。例如:
※There are 103 elements found in nature, most of which are metals.
自然界中发现了103种元素,大都是金属元素。
【内化 用】完成句子:
①There are thirty students in our class in all, _____ ___ whom are from villages.
我们班一共有30名学生,大部分来自农村。
②Last week,only two people came to look at the house, _______ ___ whom
wanted to buy it.
上个星期,只有两个人来看房子,没有一个想买。
most
of
neither
of
③It is reported that two schools, _____ ___ which are being built in my hometown,will open next year.
据报道,我家乡的两所学校都在建设之中,将于明年开放。
④I have many friends, some ___ ______ are businessmen.
我有很多朋友,其中一些是商人。
⑤China has lots of islands, ____ ___ which is Taiwan.
中国有很多岛屿,其中一个是台湾。
both
of
of
whom
one
of
4.关系代词的选择
用于介词后的关系代词只有which,whom,前者指物,后者指人。
※But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed.但到目前为止,那只适用于系统设计的特定任务。(which指代the specific tasks)
※I’m thankful to my English teacher,from whom I have learned a lot.我很感激我的英语老师,我从她那里学到了很多。(whom指代my English teacher)
【内化 用】用”介词+关系代词”填空
①The man ___ ______ you spoke is a teacher.
②The city ___ ______ she lives is far away.
③The little girl is reading a book, ___ ______ there are many cartoons.
to
whom
in
which
in
which
【点拨迷津】
介词后只能用which/whom,不用who/that,但当介词放在后面时,在限制性定语从句中,可用that代替which/whom,并且that可省略。在非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which/whom。例如:
我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。
【误】The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved.
【正】 The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved.
【正】The problem I consulted you about has now been solved.
【内化 用】 一句多译
①你认识那个跟我们老师交谈的女孩吗
Do you know the girl _________our teacher was talking
=Do you know the girl _________________our teacher was talking to
=Do you know the girl, __________ our teacher was talking to
②我哥哥曾经就读的学校现在非常有名。
The school _____________my brother once studied in is very famous now.
=The school, ______ my brother once studied in, is very famous now.
=The school _________my brother once studied is very famous now.
to whom
(that/who/whom)
who/whom
(that/which)
which
in which
【点拨迷津】
同一个先行词,表示不同的含义时,要根据其含义选用不同的介词。
I can’t remember the age at which he won the prize.(the age意为”年岁”,与at搭配)
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.(the age意为”时期”,与 in搭配)
【常温故 勤总结】
介词+关系代词定语从句口诀
关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代;
关系代,关系代,that与who要除外;
挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;
聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副。
课时素养达标
Ⅰ.用恰当的”介词+关系代词”填空
1.This is the house ___ ______ I lived two years ago.
2.This is the teacher _____ ______ we’ve learned a lot.
3.I’ll never forget the day ___ ______ I started school.
4.They are looking for the boy ___ ______ you wrote yesterday.
5.I will never forget the day ___ ______ I went to university.
6.I have never been to the house ___ ______ my uncle lives.
7.The reason ____ ______ he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to.
8.The sun gives us heat and light, ________ ______ we can’t live.
in
which
from
whom
on
which
to
whom
on
which
in
which
for
which
without
which
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1.________(carrot) and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2. ________(shine) object.Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 3. ________loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4. ________(I),” says Pahlsson.
　　Sixteen years 5. ________(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6. ________(cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t.Pahlsson and her husband
7. ________(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.”I gave up hope of finding my ring again, ”she says.She never replaced it.
　　Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8. _________
(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9. _____ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.For Pahlsson, its return was 10. ________ wonder.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述的是莉娜·帕赫尔森在自家花园里的一个小胡萝卜上找到了丢失16年的结婚戒指。这真是一大奇迹。
1.【解析】carrots。考查名词复数。根据前面的a handful of和后面的one tiny carrot可知, 此处要用复数形式。
2.【解析】shiny/shining。考查形容词。她看到一个发光的东西。修饰名词object要用形容词形式。shiny发光的, shining发光的, 发亮的。
3.【解析】so。考查固定句式。帕赫尔森大声尖叫, 以至于她的女儿跑了过来。根据后面的loudly that her daughter came running from the house可知, 此处为so...that...表示”如此……以至于……”, so在此处修饰副词loudly。
4.【解析】myself。考查代词。她认为我弄伤了自己。根据前面的主语I可知, 此处要用反身代词作宾语。
5.【解析】earlier。考查比较级。固定表达sixteen years earlier表示”16年前”。
6.【解析】to cook。考查非谓语动词。她摘下钻石戒指去做饭。根据句子结构可知, 这个句子已经有了谓语动词had removed, 所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。
7.【解析】searched。考查谓语动词的时态。根据后面的but turned up nothing可知, 此处描述的是过去发生的行为, 故要用一般过去时。
8.【解析】swept。考查动词的语态。戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语the ring与动词sweep之间为被动关系, 故此处要用动词的过去分词形式。get done是被动句的另外一种表达形式。
9.【解析】where。考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知, 此处为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为the garden, 在从句中作地点状语, 故要用关系副词where。
10.【解析】a。考查冠词。戒指的失而复得真是一大奇迹。此处wonder为可数名词, 表示”奇迹, 奇事”, 此处为泛指, 故要用不定冠词a。

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