资源简介

晨背知识清单
词汇 含义及拓展
moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意 [派]morally adv.道德上 immoral adj.不道德的，邪恶的
virtue n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境 moral dilemma道德困境 in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地
faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的 be faint from...因……头昏眼花
illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 [派]illustration n．图解；图示；插图 illustrator n．插图画家
precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 [同]valuable/priceless
entrust vt.委托；交付 entrust sb with sth把某事委托给某人
carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
marriage n.结婚；婚姻 marry vt.& vi.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 [派]married adj.已婚的 marry sb与某人结婚 marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人；为某人娶亲 get married to与……结婚(表示动作) be married to与……结婚(表示状态)
majority n.大部分；大多数 major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；主修学生；少校 [反]minority be in a/the majority占大多数 the majority of大多数…… major in专攻，主修
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚 [派]complaint n．抱怨；投诉
tuition n.(小组)教学；讲课
fee n.专业服务费；报酬 tuition fees学费
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 [派]response n．反应；回答；回复 [同]reply/answer/react
union n.协会；联合会；工会
scholarship n.奖学金 scholar n．学者
hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 [同]employ/take on/rent [反]fire
physician n.医师；(尤指)内科医生 resident physician住院医师
colleague n.同事；同僚 [同]co-worker/workmate
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用 [派]rejection n．拒绝接受；否决 [同]refuse/turn down [反]accept
appoint vt.任命；委派；确定(时间、地点) [派]appointment n．约会；约定；预约；委任；任命；职位
clinic n.诊所；门诊部
faraway adj.遥远的 [同]distant/remote
elect vt.选举；推选 [派]election n．选举；推选；当选 elect sb (as) sth选举某人为
make choices 做出选择
be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
be faced with 面临；面对
be deeply affected by 深受……的影响
choose to do sth 选择做某事
would rather 宁愿
graduate from 毕业于
at times 有时；偶尔
in need of 需要
decade n.十年；十年期
elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于；往往会 [派]tendency n．趋势；倾向 tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事
publish vt.发表(作品)；出版 [派]publisher n．出版人(或机构)；发行人(或机构) publishing n．出版(业)；发行(业)
staff n.员工；全体职员
retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出 [派]retired adj.退休的 retirement n．退休 retire from从……退休
saving n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款 save vt.拯救 vt.& vi.节省；储蓄
kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园
principle n.道德原则；法则；原则 be against one’s principles 违背某人的原则 a man of principle有原则的人 in principle理论上；原则上；大体上
passive adj.被动的；顺从的 [派]passively adv.被动地 [反]active adj.积极的，主动的
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 [派]scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 [同]frightened/terrified/afraid/fearful
sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的 [派]sharply adv.急剧地；鲜明地；严厉地 sharpen vt.& vi.(使)提高；(使)变得锋利 be sharp with sb对某人严厉 have a sharp tongue说话刻薄
insurance n.保险；保险业
energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的 energy n．精力；活力 [派]energise/ze vt.给(某人)增添能量；使充满活力 energetically adv.精力充沛地；积极地
replace vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处 [派]replacement n．替换；更换；替换物；接替者
accident n.事故；车祸；失事 [派]accidental adj.意外的；偶然的 accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地 by accident意外地；偶然地
operation n.手术；企业；经营 operate vt.操作；经营；管理 vi.运转；动手术 [派]operator n．接线员；操作员 put...into operation实施；使……运转 operate on sb给某人动手术
whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 whisper about悄声说 speak in a whisper低声说话
midnight n.子夜；午夜 at midnight在午夜
import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
pole n.杆；柱；(行星的)极；地极 [派]polar adj.极地的；近地极的
lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 Once bitten，twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
lip n.嘴唇 We are closely related by lips and teeth.我们唇齿相依。
assist vt.帮助；援助 [派]assistant n．助手，助理；售货员 adj.副的；助理的 assistance n．帮助；援助 [同]help/aid/give sb a hand/do sb a favor
first aid 急救
care for 照顾；喜欢
be responsible for 对……负责
treat sb as... 把某人当作……
be known as 被称为/以……身份闻名
be ready to do sth 准备做某事
draw conclusions 得出结论
wake up 醒来
work as 担任；以……身份而工作
pass away 去世；消失
chairman n.主席；主持人；董事长
memory n.记忆力；(常用复数)回忆；[计算机]存储器 [派]memoriz(s)e v．记住；熟记 memorable adj.值得纪念的；难忘的 in memory of作为对……的纪念
chain n.一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 vt.用锁链拴住 a chain of一连串
café n.咖啡馆；小餐馆
waitress n.(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
maple n.枫树；槭树
cart n.手推车；运货马车 put the cart before the horse本末倒置；颠倒办事程序
spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出 It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。 My thoughts spilled out.我思如泉涌。
trip over 被……绊倒
limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 limp forward一瘸一拐地往前走
tear n.眼泪；泪水 vt.& vi.(tore，torn) 扯(破)；(被)撕开vt.撕掉 in tears流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears突然哭起来 break down in tears崩溃大哭 tear...into/to pieces 把……撕成碎片
despair n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 in despair处于绝望中
harm n.& vt.伤害；损害 [派]harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的
might n.力量；威力 [同]strength/force/power
a great deal (of) 大量
fable n.寓言；寓言故事
court n.(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的 [派]inflexible adj.不灵活的；不可变通的 flexibly adv.灵活地 flexibility n．灵活性
income n.收入；收益
per prep.每；每一
therefore adv.因此；所以 [同]thus/hence/as a result/as a consequence/consequently
tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 tense adj.(身体部位)绷紧的；(神经)紧张的；(形势、事件)令人紧张的n.[语法]时态
crash into 撞上
make an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
belong to 属于；是……的成员
道德 observe public morals遵守公德　　 moral standards 道德标准 obey/observe the law 遵守法律 observe traffic regulations/rules 遵守交通规则
美德 good behaviour好的行为　generosity 慷慨　　　 devotion 忠诚，奉献 selflessness无私 cooperation 合作 a sense of responsibility 责任感 justice公平，公正 sincerity真诚 honesty 诚实 courage/bravery勇气 modesty 谦虚，谦逊 friendliness 友好 help the people in need帮助需要帮助的人　　 do good deeds 做好事 offer one’s seat to sb 把某人的座位让给某人 respect the old and cherish the young 尊老爱幼
行动 insist on/stick to 坚持　　　　　　　 be willing to do sth 乐意做某事 fight for努力争取 educate the public in...在……方面教育公众 set an example to...为……树立榜样 raise one’s awareness of 提高某人对……的意识 make great contributions to...为……做出巨大贡献 determine to do sth/make up one’s mind to do sth决心做某事 appeal to/call on the public to do sth呼吁公众做某事
If people receive a call from an insurance salesperson，the majority of them tend to reject it.Even if they respond to it，their words are always very sharp in response to it.Perhaps they think they are energetic，and they don’t need to spend money on insurance.But once they faint suddenly or have an accident，they will be in a dilemma.For one thing，they need an operation at once；for another，they don’t have many savings.Scared and helpless，they bite their lips in tears，lost in despair.They complain that they regret their original rejection and not having entrusted a professional with insurance services.Otherwise，they wouldn’t have been caught in tension.
It is a principle for me and my colleagues in the kindergarten to put away some of our income per month to invest in insurance.It doesn’t need to be a great deal of money.Once some harm is done to us，the insurance company can assist us in some ways，which can carry us through the passive situation.
Nothing is more precious than life.Therefore，nothing can replace our health.
如果人们接到保险销售人员的电话，大多数人往往会拒绝。即使他们对此做出回应，他们的言辞也总是非常尖锐。也许他们认为自己精力充沛，不需要花钱买保险。但一旦他们突然晕倒或发生意外，他们就会陷入困境。一方面，他们需要马上动手术；另一方面，他们没有多少积蓄。他们既害怕又无助，咬着嘴唇流泪，陷入绝望。他们抱怨说，他们后悔最初的拒绝，后悔没有委托专业人士提供保险服务。否则，他们也不会陷入焦虑之中。 我和我在幼儿园的同事们的原则是，每个月把收入的一部分存起来投资保险。它不需要很多钱。一旦我们受到伤害，保险公司可以在某些方面帮助我们，这可以帮助我们渡过被动的情况。 没有什么比生命更珍贵。因此，没有什么可以替代我们的健康。
Period 1　Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the conversation on P14 and choose the best answer.
1．What does a moral dilemma refer to
A．A situation where you have two or more choices.
B．A situation where you make a choice and get into trouble.
C．A situation where you make a difficult choice for moral reasons.
答案　C
2．What did the girl choose to do when a student fainted during the exam
A．The girl finished the exam.
B．The girl cared for the student.
C．The girl called her sister and stopped helping her.
答案　B
3．What kind of person is Lin Qiaozhi
A．Selfish and unconcerned.
B．Hard-working and patient.
C．Selfless and warm-hearted.
答案　C
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the conversation on P14 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Luke：Hi Jane！What are you reading
Jane：Oh，hey，Luke！I’m reading a very interesting magazine article about moral dilemmas.
Luke：Moral dilemma？What do you mean
Jane：You know，it’s when you have 1.two choices，and you have to choose one，but for moral reasons，sometimes it could be really difficult to decide.
Luke：Oh，situations like that don’t happen very often，do they
Jane：Actually，I think people face moral dilemmas all the time，even us students.
Luke：Really？Like what
Jane：Well，for example，it mentions a girl who was 2.taking the entrance exam for a medical university in Beijing.During the exam，the student next to her fainted.The girl had a choice.Should she 3.finish the exam or should she stop and help the student
Luke：Surely the teachers would look after the student who fainted!
Jane：Well，that’s what I thought—but not this girl.She stopped to help the student，thinking that it was better to 4.put the needs of the other person first.
Luke：So what happened to her exam
Jane：She never finished it.Instead，she carried the student to a safe place and 5.looked after her.Then she went to the hospital with the student and called her sister.
Luke：I can’t believe she would 6.give up her chance to get into medical university！Who would do such a thing
Jane：Well，that girl was Lin Qiaozhi.She later DID get into medical university and then she 7.became a great doctor.She became famous for caring for tens of thousands of women and their babies.
Luke：Oh，wow！So she became a doctor even though she 8.left her exam that day!
Jane：Yes.Her life was full of hard choices，but she didn’t let them stop her 9.from taking care of people who were in need.She always 10.cared for others more than for herself.
Ⅲ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to a radio show on P19 and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Host and guest.
B．Customer and waiter.
C．Employer and employee.
答案　A
2．Why did Kevin mention the song “Chain of Love”？
A．To recommend the song to listeners.
B．To explain how “paying it forward” works.
C．To show people how important it is to help strangers.
答案　B
3．What can listeners do to help
A．Join the chain of kindness.
B．Spark special light in ourselves.
C．Help others pay for their coffee.
答案　A
Ⅳ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the radio show on P19 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Host：Hello and welcome to the Rush Hour Show，the radio show for your way home.Our guest today is Kevin Miller，with the Pay It Forward Foundation.Welcome，Kevin，so what is “paying it forward”？
Kevin：Hi，there.So “paying it forward” means that if you 1.receive kindness from someone，you don’t try to pay them back.Instead，you go out and show kindness to someone else.
Host：Oh，so it’s like helping 2.a stranger.Can you give us an example of how it works
Kevin：Well，I’m sure you’ve heard the famous country song，“The Chain of Love”．The song starts with a man who helps a lady whose car 3.has broken down.The lady wants to pay him，but he won’t accept payment，instead telling the woman to just show kindness to 4.another person.Later，when the lady stops at a caf?，she notices her waitress is pregnant and tired.When the lady finishes eating，she pays for her meal with a hundred-dollar bill.Then the lady walks out，leaving the change and a note for the waitress.Her note tells the waitress to continue the chain of kindness.The song has a 5.surprise ending.The waitress goes home to her husband，happy because of the kindness the lady showed her.Then we find out that he’s the man who first started the chain of kindness!
Host：What a great story! So does this happen in real life
Kevin：Yes，actually.One woman，after paying for her coffee，then quietly paid for the coffee of the customer 6.behind her.When that customer discovered his coffee had been paid for，he paid for the customer behind him.The chain of kindness continued for hours.Nearly 400 people paid for the coffee of the person behind them!
Host：Wow，that’s amazing.So what can our listeners do to help
Kevin：Well，join the 7.chain of kindness today and join the millions of people who are “paying it forward”！ We never know what light we might 8.spark in others by our kindness.
升调
本单元语音部分主要学习和巩固英语的基本语调之一：升调。英语中的升调是一种相当复杂的语音现象，它既可以用来表示说话人对所说的内容不肯定、表达的意思不完整、所说内容未结束或准备继续与对方保持对话，也可以表示疑问、惊讶、怀疑、犹豫、兴趣、不自信、没有安全感等情绪，还可以表示礼貌、请求、建议等。在英语口语中，最常见的使用升调的情况有(见表格)：
用法 例句
1.用于一般疑问句 Have you read this ↗book Do you like the ↗movie？
2.用于选择疑问句的前半部分(即or之前的选项) Does he speak ↗English or ↘French Would you like ↗tea or ↘coffee？
3.用于置于句首的状语短语或状语从句 If it rains ↗tomorrow，I’ll stay at home. According to her ↗words，she met that man at the cinema.
4.用于并列句的第一个分句，表示句子未说完 The telephone ↗rang，but nobody answered it. He heard a ↗crash and went out to see what had happened.
5.用于呼唤对方 ↗Sir，you dropped your car key. Goodbye，↗Tom.
6.用于列举事物 ↗One，↗two，↗three，↗four，↘five. She bought ↗bread，↗milk，↗potatoes and ↘tomatoes.
7.用于委婉的祈使句 Don’t ↗worry. Wait a ↗moment.
8.用于反意疑问句的后半部分，表示不确定的态度或征求对方的看法 You don’t speak ↘Cantonese，↗do you？(The speaker thinks that you don’t speak Cantonese but is not completely sure and asks for confirmation.)
9.高升调(High rise)用于疑问句中表达强烈的惊讶或难以置信的情绪 —I’m really sorry，but I probably lost your ticket. —↗What？You lost my ↗ticket？(Meaning：I can’t believe it.)
作业1
[分值：37.5分]
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(此篇精读)(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
A new study proves when their teenagers cut back on social media use，they seem to feel better about themselves.Helen Thai，a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University，conducted the study.She said the research came from her own personal experiences.“I couldn’t help but compare myself when I was using social media，making me ①unsatisfied with my self-image，” Thai says.Although she was aware that social media posts often presented images that can be unrealistic in real life，it still had a ②negative impact on her.So，Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image.
They hired a few hundred volunteers，aged 14－18，all of whom had experienced signs of anxiety or depression，which could make them easier to be affected by social media.Half of the teens were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks.The other half continued to use social media freely，which ③averaged about three hours per day.The researchers gave the teens surveys at the beginning and end of the study.It included statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look.” and “I am satisfied with my weight.”
Among the group that cut social media use，the overall score on appearance satisfaction improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5 point scale.“This may seem like a small change，but any change in such a short period of time is striking，” the authors say.
“This research showed ④promising results that weight and appearance confidence can improve when people cut back on social media use，” wrote Thai.Thai says it’s encouraging that teens were willing to cut back screen time，even for three weeks.It’s also worth experimenting this approach with other groups，such as people with or at risk of eating disorders.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究证明，当青少年减少社交媒体的使用时，他们似乎对自己感觉更好。
1．What inspired Thai to do the research
A．Her major. B．Online posts.
C．Her experience. D．Social pressure.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“She said the research came from her own personal experiences.”可知，Thai的个人经历激励了她做这项研究。故选C。
2．What do the volunteers have in common
A．Family background.
B．Body shape.
C．Learning abilities.
D．Mental problems.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“They hired a few hundred volunteers，aged 14－18，all of whom had experienced signs of anxiety or depression，which could make them easier to be affected by social media.”可知，志愿者的共同点是有心理问题。故选D。
3．What did Thai think of the result of their study
A．It proved their expectation.
B．It made them disappointed.
C．It changed their first idea.
D．It needed further study.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中“So，Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image.”和最后一段“‘This research showed promising results that weight and appearance confidence can improve when people cut back on social media use，’ wrote Thai.”可知，Thai认为他们的研究结果证明了他们的预期。故选A。
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Social Media，Love at First Sight
B．To Be a Social Media Addict or Not
C．Less Social Media Use，Less Image Anxiety
D．Higher Confidence，More Image Satisfaction
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“A new study proves when their teenagers cut back on social media use，they seem to feel better about themselves.”可知，C选项“减少社交媒体使用，减少形象焦虑”适合作文章标题。故选C。
[语境猜词] ①unsatisfied 派 ＝un＋satisfied adj.不满意的 ②negative adj.负面的；消极的 ③average 熟义：n.平均数 adj.平均的；普通的 生义：v.平均为 本文为此义 ④promising 派 ＝promis e ＋ing adj.有希望的；有前途的 [句式分析] So，Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image. 分析：此句为复合句。whether引导宾语从句，不作成分，意为“是否”。 翻译：于是，Thai和一组研究人员决定测试减少社交媒体使用时间是否会提升个体对自身形象的自信心。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Ethics(道德规范) are concerned with people’s moral actions.One type of ethics is school ethics. 1 They include students，teachers and administrators.Ethics designed for each of these groups are usually created within the institution，through professional organizations，or by both.
School ethics provide ethical standards people are expected to follow in relation to working with others and in the decision-making process.Ethics also bring consequences to those who don’t follow school ethics.These moral rules are significant. 2 Moreover，they encourage people to support each other and support the school with some special requirements designed for them.
3 Particularly，students must respect their peers，teachers and administrators.Additionally，school ethics require students to respect their institutions which they’re admitted into.One of the most significant factors concerning students and ethics in schools is plagiarism(剽窃)—students are required to hand in work that is uniquely their own and be prepared to suffer consequences if it is not.
Teachers and administrators are ethically guided through professional and institutional ethical codes.They typically are required to create a learning environment that promotes high ethical standards for students through modeling and instruction.Moreover，teachers and administrators should create a safe and fair learning environment. 4
Educators are also required to show high ethical standards in their communication with parents，peers，students，etc.Building trust is an essential part of these interactions.Teachers and administrators are ethically expected to maintain their professional training and to present themselves as representatives of the school in an ethical manner. 5 But most of the educators are supportive of these ethics.
A．Besides，the rules can be interesting.
B．Why should students follow the ethics
C．What are school ethics’ requirements for students
D．To strictly follow all the ethics can be challenging.
E．They help create an atmosphere of trust，honesty，etc.
F．Generally，such ethics apply to all people in a school.
G．Thus，all students can have equal educational chances to achieve success.
1．答案　F
解析　下文“They include students，teachers and administrators.”具体说明了学校道德规范适用的人群，故空处应与道德规范适用的人群有关。F项中“all people in a school”呼应下文“students，teachers and administrators”。故F选项“一般来说，这种道德规范适用于学校里的所有人”切题。故选F项。
2．答案　E
解析　根据上文“These moral rules are significant.”和下文“Moreover，they encourage people to support each other and support the school with some special requirements designed for them.”可知，空处和下文都是说明道德规范重要的原因。故E选项“它们有助于创造一种信任、诚实等的氛围”切题。故选E项。
3．答案　C
解析　根据下文“Particularly，students must respect their peers，teachers and administrators.Additionally，school ethics require students to respect their institutions which they’re admitted into.”可知，本段主要说明道德规范对学生的要求。故C选项“学校道德规范对学生的要求是什么”切题。故选C项。
4．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Moreover，teachers and administrators should create a safe and fair learning environment.”可知，空处承接上文说明创造一个安全、公平的学习环境带来的好的结果是什么。故G选项“因此，所有学生都有平等的获得成功的教育机会”切题。故选G项。
5．答案　D
解析　根据下文“But most of the educators are supportive of these ethics.”可知，空处与下文为转折关系，说明严格遵循这些道德规范是不容易的。故D选项“严格遵守所有的道德规范是具有挑战性的”符合语境。选项中all the ethics呼应下文these ethics。故选 D项。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The more water people splash(泼洒) on you，the luckier and happier your life will be.That’s the positive message from the Water Sprinkling Festival(泼水节) in Xishuangbanna，in Southwest China’s Yunnan Province,1. has become a strong drive for tourism growth.
Melissa Baidak，from Russia，was 2. (shock) at first when people surrounded her and splashed water，but then she joined in it 3. (merry) and had a good time.“The happiness reminds me 4. my childhood，” she said.“The most 5.__________(impress) activities were flying the Kongming lanterns at night and splashing water on other people.It was amazing and romantic 6. (see) so many lanterns floating in the air，like twinkling stars，” she said.
The Water Sprinkling Festival 7. (be) one of the most important festivals for the Dai people who recognize the festival as the new year and organize 8. (variety) of activities like splashing water，releasing Kongming lanterns and dragon boat races.
Htike Lwin Ko,9. 37-year-old tourist from Myanmar，says his home country also celebrates the Water Sprinkling Festival，which usually lasts four days，and people 10.___________(allow) a 10-day break.“We have some customs similar to Xishuangbanna，like releasing Kongming lanterns，” he said.
Zhu Jiawei，the prefecture’s Party secretary，said the government will take advantage of folk cultures and the prefecture’s good environment to develop cross-border，educational and eco-friendly tourism.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国西南部云南省西双版纳泼水节的特点以及游客的感受。
1．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Water Sprinkling Festival，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
2．答案　shocked
解析　考查形容词。主语为Melissa Baidak，作表语应用形容词shocked，故填shocked。
3．答案　merrily
解析　考查副词。修饰动词短语joined in应用副词merrily，故填merrily。
4．答案　of/about
解析　考查介词。短语remind sb of/about sth表示“让某人想起某事”。故填of/about。
5．答案　impressive
解析　考查形容词。修饰名词activities应用形容词impressive，作定语。故填impressive。
6．答案　to see
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为句型“it be＋adj.＋to do sth”，不定式作真正主语。故填to see。
7．答案　is
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Water Sprinkling Festival，谓语用单数。故填is。
8．答案　varieties
解析　考查固定短语。短语varieties of表示“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
9．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。tourist为泛指，且37-year-old是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
10．答案　are allowed
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语people与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文“his home country also celebrates the Water Sprinkling Festival，which usually lasts four days”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语people为复数意义，谓语用复数。故填are allowed。(共58张PPT)
Period 1
Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
Morals and virtues
Unit 2
内容索引
Part 1　听力变式训练
Part 2　读音规则解读
作业1
听力变式训练
Listen to the conversation on P14 and choose the best answer.
1.What does a moral dilemma refer to
A.A situation where you have two or more choices.
B.A situation where you make a choice and get into trouble.
C.A situation where you make a difficult choice for moral reasons.
√
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
2.What did the girl choose to do when a student fainted during the exam
A.The girl finished the exam.
B.The girl cared for the student.
C.The girl called her sister and stopped helping her.
√
3.What kind of person is Lin Qiaozhi
A.Selfish and unconcerned.
B.Hard-working and patient.
C.Selfless and warm-hearted.
√
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the conversation on P14 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Luke：Hi Jane！What are you reading
Jane：Oh，hey，Luke！I’m reading a very interesting magazine article about moral dilemmas.
Luke：Moral dilemma？What do you mean
Jane：You know，it’s when you have 1. ，and you have to choose one，but for moral reasons，sometimes it could be really difficult to decide.
two choices
Luke：Oh，situations like that don’t happen very often，do they
Jane：Actually，I think people face moral dilemmas all the time，even us students.
Luke：Really？Like what
Jane：Well，for example，it mentions a girl who was 2.______________
for a medical university in Beijing.During the exam，the student next to her fainted.The girl had a choice.Should she 3._______
or should she stop and help the student
taking the
finish
entrance exam
the exam
Luke：Surely the teachers would look after the student who fainted!
Jane：Well，that’s what I thought—but not this girl.She stopped to help the student，thinking that it was better to 4._________________________
.
Luke：So what happened to her exam
Jane：She never finished it.Instead，she carried the student to a safe place and 5. her.Then she went to the hospital with the student and called her sister.
Luke：I can’t believe she would 6. to get into medical university！Who would do such a thing
put the needs of the other
person first
looked after
give up her chance
Jane：Well，that girl was Lin Qiaozhi.She later DID get into medical university and then she 7. .She became famous for caring for tens of thousands of women and their babies.
Luke：Oh，wow！So she became a doctor even though she 8.__________
that day!
Jane：Yes.Her life was full of hard choices，but she didn’t let them stop her 9. people who were in need.She always 10.______
others more than for herself.
became a great doctor
left her
exam
from taking care of
cared
for
Listen to a radio show on P19 and choose the best answer.
1.What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers
A.Host and guest.
B.Customer and waiter.
C.Employer and employee.
√
Ⅲ.选择填空(高考形式)
2.Why did Kevin mention the song “Chain of Love”？
A.To recommend the song to listeners.
B.To explain how “paying it forward” works.
C.To show people how important it is to help strangers.
√
3.What can listeners do to help
A.Join the chain of kindness.
B.Spark special light in ourselves.
C.Help others pay for their coffee.
√
Listen to the radio show on P19 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Host：Hello and welcome to the Rush Hour Show，the radio show for your way home.Our guest today is Kevin Miller，with the Pay It Forward Foundation.Welcome，Kevin，so what is “paying it forward”？
Kevin：Hi，there.So “paying it forward” means that if you 1.__________
from someone，you don’t try to pay them back.Instead，you go out and show kindness to someone else.
Ⅳ.听力填空(精听训练)
receive
kindness
Host：Oh，so it’s like helping 2. .Can you give us an example of how it works
Kevin：Well，I’m sure you’ve heard the famous country song，“The Chain of Love”.The song starts with a man who helps a lady whose car
3. .The lady wants to pay him，but he won’t accept payment，instead telling the woman to just show kindness to 4.________
.Later，when the lady stops at a caf，she notices her waitress is pregnant and tired.When the lady finishes eating，she pays for her meal with a hundred-dollar bill.Then the lady walks out，leaving the change and a note for the waitress.
a stranger
has broken down
another
person
Her note tells the waitress to continue the chain of kindness.The song has a 5. ending.The waitress goes home to her husband，happy because of the kindness the lady showed her.Then we find out that he’s the man who first started the chain of kindness!
Host：What a great story! So does this happen in real life
Kevin：Yes，actually.One woman，after paying for her coffee，then quietly paid for the coffee of the customer 6. .When that customer discovered his coffee had been paid for，he paid for the customer behind him.The chain of kindness continued for hours.Nearly 400 people paid for the coffee of the person behind them!
surprise
behind her
Host：Wow，that’s amazing.So what can our listeners do to help
Kevin：Well，join the 7. today and join the millions of people who are “paying it forward”！ We never know what light we might 8. in others by our kindness.
chain of kindness
spark
返 回
读音规则解读
升调
本单元语音部分主要学习和巩固英语的基本语调之一：升调。英语中的升调是一种相当复杂的语音现象，它既可以用来表示说话人对所说的内容不肯定、表达的意思不完整、所说内容未结束或准备继续与对方保持对话，也可以表示疑问、惊讶、怀疑、犹豫、兴趣、不自信、没有安全感等情绪，还可以表示礼貌、请求、建议等。
在英语口语中，最常见的使用升调的情况有(见表格)：
用法 例句
1.用于一般疑问句 Have you read this ↗book
Do you like the ↗movie？
2.用于选择疑问句的前半部分(即or之前的选项) Does he speak ↗English or ↘French
Would you like ↗tea or ↘coffee？
3.用于置于句首的状语短语或状语从句 If it rains ↗tomorrow，I’ll stay at home.
According to her ↗words，she met that man at the cinema.
用法 例句
4.用于并列句的第一个分句，表示句子未说完 The telephone ↗rang，but nobody answered it.
He heard a ↗crash and went out to see what had happened.
5.用于呼唤对方 ↗Sir，you dropped your car key.
Goodbye，↗Tom.
6.用于列举事物 ↗One，↗two，↗three，↗four，↘five.
She bought ↗bread，↗milk，↗potatoes and ↘tomatoes.
7.用于委婉的祈使句 Don’t ↗worry.
Wait a ↗moment.
用法 例句
8.用于反意疑问句的后半部分，表示不确定的态度或征求对方的看法 You don’t speak ↘Cantonese，↗do you？(The speaker thinks that you don’t speak Cantonese but is not completely sure and asks for confirmation.)
9.高升调(High rise)用于疑问句中表达强烈的惊讶或难以置信的情绪 —I’m really sorry，but I probably lost your ticket.
—↗What？You lost my ↗ticket？(Meaning：I can’t believe it.)
返 回
作业1
A new study proves when their teenagers cut back on social media use，they seem to feel better about themselves.Helen Thai，a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University，conducted the study.She said the research came from her own personal experiences.
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(此篇精读)
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究证明，当青少年减少社交媒体的使用时，他们似乎对自己感觉更好。
“I couldn’t help but compare myself when I was using social media，making me ①unsatisfied with my self-image，” Thai says.Although she was aware that social media posts often presented images that can be unrealistic in real life，it still had a ②negative impact on her.So，Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image.
They hired a few hundred volunteers，aged 14－18，all of whom had experienced signs of anxiety or depression，which could make them easier to be affected by social media.Half of the teens were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks.The other half continued to use social media freely，which ③averaged about three hours per day.The researchers gave the teens surveys at the beginning and end of the study.It included statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look.” and “I am satisfied with my weight.”
Among the group that cut social media use，the overall score on appearance satisfaction improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5 point scale.“This may seem like a small change，but any change in such a short period of time is striking，” the authors say.
“This research showed ④promising results that weight and appearance confidence can improve when people cut back on social media use，” wrote Thai.Thai says it’s encouraging that teens were willing to cut back screen time，even for three weeks.It’s also worth experimenting this approach with other groups，such as people with or at risk of eating disorders.
1.What inspired Thai to do the research
A.Her major. B.Online posts.
C.Her experience. D.Social pressure.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“She said the research came from her own personal experiences.”可知，Thai的个人经历激励了她做这项研究。故选C。
解析
2.What do the volunteers have in common
A.Family background.
B.Body shape.
C.Learning abilities.
D.Mental problems.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They hired a few hundred volunteers，aged 14－18，all of whom had experienced signs of anxiety or depression，which could make them easier to be affected by social media.”可知，志愿者的共同点是有心理问题。故选D。
解析
3.What did Thai think of the result of their study
A.It proved their expectation.
B.It made them disappointed.
C.It changed their first idea.
D.It needed further study.
√
观点态度题。根据第一段中“So，Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image.”和最后一段“‘This research showed promising results that weight and appearance confidence can improve when people cut back on social media use，’ wrote Thai.”可知，Thai认为他们的研究结果证明了他们的预期。故选A。
解析
4.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Social Media，Love at First Sight
B.To Be a Social Media Addict or Not
C.Less Social Media Use，Less Image Anxiety
D.Higher Confidence，More Image Satisfaction
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“A new study proves when their teenagers cut back on social media use，they seem to feel better about themselves.”可知，C选项“减少社交媒体使用，减少形象焦虑”适合作文章标题。故选C。
解析
①unsatisfied(派)＝un＋satisfied adj.__________
②negative adj._______________
③average 熟义：n.平均数 adj.平均的；普通的
生义：v._______(本文为此义)
④promising(派)＝promis(e)＋ing adj._____________________
语境猜词
不满意的
负面的；消极的
平均为
有希望的；有前途的
So，Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image.
分析：此句为复合句。whether引导 从句，不作成分，意为“ ”。
翻译：________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
句式分析
宾语
是否
于是，Thai和一组研究人员决定测试减少社交媒体使用时间是否会提升个体对自身形象的自信心。
Ethics(道德规范) are concerned with people’s moral actions.One type of ethics is school ethics.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了学校道德规范的重要性。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
1 They include students，teachers and administrators.Ethics designed for each of these groups are usually created within the institution，through professional organizations，or by both.
A.Besides，the rules can be interesting.
B.Why should students follow the ethics
C.What are school ethics’ requirements for students
D.To strictly follow all the ethics can be challenging.
E.They help create an atmosphere of trust，honesty，etc.
F.Generally，such ethics apply to all people in a school.
G.Thus，all students can have equal educational chances to achieve success.
√
下文“They include students，teachers and administrators.”具体说明了学校道德规范适用的人群，故空处应与道德规范适用的人群有关。F项中“all people in a school”呼应下文“students，teachers and administrators”。
故F选项“一般来说，这种道德规范适用于学校里的所有人”切题。故选F项。
解析
School ethics provide ethical standards people are expected to follow in relation to working with others and in the decision-making process.Ethics also bring consequences to those who don’t follow school ethics.These moral rules are significant.
2 Moreover，they encourage people to support each other and support the school with some special requirements designed for them.
A.Besides，the rules can be interesting.
B.Why should students follow the ethics
C.What are school ethics’ requirements for students
D.To strictly follow all the ethics can be challenging.
E.They help create an atmosphere of trust，honesty，etc.
F.Generally，such ethics apply to all people in a school.
G.Thus，all students can have equal educational chances to achieve success.
√
根据上文“These moral rules are significant.”和下文“Moreover，they encourage people to support each other and support the school with some special requirements designed for them.”可知，空处和下文都是说明道德规范重要的原因。故E选项“它们有助于创造一种信任、诚实等的氛围”切题。故选E项。
解析
3 Particularly，students must respect their peers，teachers and administrators.
A.Besides，the rules can be interesting.
B.Why should students follow the ethics
C.What are school ethics’ requirements for students
D.To strictly follow all the ethics can be challenging.
E.They help create an atmosphere of trust，honesty，etc.
F.Generally，such ethics apply to all people in a school.
G.Thus，all students can have equal educational chances to achieve success.
√
根据下文“Particularly，students must respect their peers，teachers and administrators.Additionally，school ethics require students to respect their institutions which they’re admitted into.”可知，本段主要说明道德规范对学生的要求。故C选项“学校道德规范对学生的要求是什么”切题。故选C项。
解析
Additionally，school ethics require students to respect their institutions which they’re admitted into.One of the most significant factors concerning students and ethics in schools is plagiarism(剽窃)—students are required to hand in work that is uniquely their own and be prepared to suffer consequences if it is not.
Teachers and administrators are ethically guided through professional and institutional ethical codes.They typically are required to create a learning environment that promotes high ethical standards for students through modeling and instruction.
Moreover，teachers and administrators should create a safe and fair learning environment. 4
A.Besides，the rules can be interesting.
B.Why should students follow the ethics
C.What are school ethics’ requirements for students
D.To strictly follow all the ethics can be challenging.
E.They help create an atmosphere of trust，honesty，etc.
F.Generally，such ethics apply to all people in a school.
G.Thus，all students can have equal educational chances to achieve success.
√
根据上文“Moreover，teachers and administrators should create a safe and fair learning environment.”可知，空处承接上文说明创造一个安全、公平的学习环境带来的好的结果是什么。故G选项“因此，所有学生都有平等的获得成功的教育机会”切题。故选G项。
解析
Educators are also required to show high ethical standards in their communication with parents，peers，students，etc.Building trust is an essential part of these interactions.Teachers and administrators are ethically expected to maintain their professional training and to present themselves as representatives of the school in an ethical manner.
5 But most of the educators are supportive of these ethics.
A.Besides，the rules can be interesting.
B.Why should students follow the ethics
C.What are school ethics’ requirements for students
D.To strictly follow all the ethics can be challenging.
E.They help create an atmosphere of trust，honesty，etc.
F.Generally，such ethics apply to all people in a school.
G.Thus，all students can have equal educational chances to achieve success.
√
根据下文“But most of the educators are supportive of these ethics.”可知，空处与下文为转折关系，说明严格遵循这些道德规范是不容易的。故D选项“严格遵守所有的道德规范是具有挑战性的”符合语境。选项中all the ethics呼应下文these ethics。故选 D项。
解析
Ⅲ.语法填空
The more water people splash(泼洒) on you，the luckier and happier your life will be.That’s the positive message from the Water Sprinkling Festival(泼水节) in Xishuangbanna，in Southwest China’s Yunnan Province,1. has become a strong drive for tourism growth.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国西南部云南省西双版纳泼水节的特点以及游客的感受。
which
考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Water Sprinkling Festival，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
解析
Melissa Baidak，from Russia，was 2. (shock) at first when people surrounded her and splashed water，but then she joined in it
3. (merry) and had a good time.
2.考查形容词。主语为Melissa Baidak，作表语应用形容词shocked，故填shocked。
3.考查副词。修饰动词短语joined in应用副词merrily，故填merrily。
解析
shocked
merrily
“The happiness reminds me 4. my childhood，” she said.“The most 5.__________(impress) activities were flying the Kongming lanterns at night and splashing water on other people.
of/about
4.考查介词。短语remind sb of/about sth表示“让某人想起某事”。故填of/about。
5.考查形容词。修饰名词activities应用形容词impressive，作定语。故填impressive。
解析
impressive
It was amazing and romantic 6. (see) so many lanterns floating in the air，like twinkling stars，” she said.
to see
考查非谓语动词。此处为句型“it be＋adj.＋to do sth”，不定式作真正主语。故填to see。
解析
The Water Sprinkling Festival 7. (be) one of the most important festivals for the Dai people who recognize the festival as the new year and organize 8. (variety) of activities like splashing water，releasing Kongming lanterns and dragon boat races.
is
7.考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Water Sprinkling Festival，谓语用单数。故填is。
8.考查固定短语。短语varieties of表示“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
解析
varieties
Htike Lwin Ko,9. 37-year-old tourist from Myanmar，says his home country also celebrates the Water Sprinkling Festival，which usually lasts four days，and people 10.___________(allow) a 10-day break.“We have some customs similar to Xishuangbanna，like releasing Kongming lanterns，” he said.
a
are allowed
9.考查冠词。tourist为泛指，且37-year-old是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
10.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语people与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文“his home country also celebrates the Water Sprinkling Festival，which usually lasts four days”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语people为复数意义，谓语用复数。故填are allowed。
解析
Zhu Jiawei，the prefecture’s Party secretary，said the government will take advantage of folk cultures and the prefecture’s good environment to develop cross-border，educational and eco-friendly tourism.
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