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Period 2　Reading and Thinking
1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By listing numbers.
B．By quotation(引用)．
C．By giving examples.
D．By making comparisons.
答案　B
2．What made Lin Qiaozhi’s brother angry with her
A．Her mother’s death.
B．Her decision to be single.
C．Her marriage like most girls.
D．Her decision to study medicine.
答案　D
3．Which is the correct order of the events in Dr Lin’s life
①Her mother died.
②She was sent to Europe to study.
③She was elected to the first National People’s Congress.
④She was named a chief resident physician.
⑤She opened a private clinic.
A．①③②④⑤ B．①④②⑤③
C．②①④③⑤ D．④②③①⑤
答案　B
4．Which of the following can best describe Dr Lin
A．Devoted and thankful.
B．Positive and confident.
C．Warm-hearted and careful.
D．Hard-working and selfless.
答案　D
5．Which of the following led Lin Qiaozhi to make her choices
A．Her love for kids.
B．Her love for medicine.
C．Her idea of saving patients.
D．Her idea of putting others first.
答案　D
6．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Lin married very late.
B．Lin died while working.
C．Lin adopted many babies.
D．Lin founded a kindergarten.
答案　B
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
“Life is precious....[1]To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with1 that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I’m cold，hungry，or tired？” [2]These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through2 a life of hard choices3.
[1]此句是and连接的并列复合句，nothing is more precious than their life 为“否定词＋形容词比较级＋than...”结构，表示最高级的含义；if引导条件状语从句；saying...tired是动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[2]此句是复合句，what引导的是宾语从句，作介词into的宾语。
词块翻译：
1．把某事委托给某人
2．帮助某人渡过难关
3．充满艰难抉择的一生
　　As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by4 her mother’s death.[3]At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage5 like the majority of6 girls，she chose to7 work and study. “Why should girls learn so much [4]Finding a good husband should be their final goal！”her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees8.She responded，“[5]I’d rather stay single to study all my life！” Later，she went on to study medicine as she had wished.
[3]句中following the traditional path...是动词-ing形式短语作宾语。
[4]句中Finding a good husband是动词-ing形式短语作主语，thinking of the high tuition fees是动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[5]would rather do...宁愿做……
4.深受……的影响
5．走上婚姻的传统道路
6．大多数……
7．选择做某事
8．高昂的学费
　　[6]In 1929，Lin graduated from9 Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship，the highest prize given to graduates.[7]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician10 in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. [8]Within six months，she was named a chief resident physician，a position that usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years，she was sent to study in Europe and then，in 1939，in the US.[9]She greatly impressed her American colleagues，who invited her to stay.Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer11.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
[6]句中the highest prize given to graduates是the Wenhai Scholarship的同位语，其中given to graduates是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰prize。
[7]此句中的不定式短语to be hired as...作后置定语，修饰the first woman。
[8]句中a position that usually...to achieve是a chief resident physician的同位语，其中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a position。
[9]句中who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词colleagues。
9.毕业于
10．一名住院医师
11．谢绝邀请
　　In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but just a few months later，the department was closed because of the war.[10]Thinking of all the people still in need of12 help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. [11]At times13 she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
[10]Thinking of all the people still in need of help...是动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[11]句中含有see sb doing sth句型，在此句中用于被动语态be seen doing sth，to provide medical care是不定式短语作目的状语。
12.需要
13．有时
　　[12]The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role14.In 1954，she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and，over the next several decades15，she held many important positions.Her heart，however，was elsewhere.She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.“The OB-GYN department cares for16 two lives，” she told new staff in her department.“As doctors，we should be responsible for17 the patients and treat them as our sisters18.”
[12]此句使用了“无灵主语”，句中playing a key role是动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语。
14.发挥重要作用
15．在随后的几十年间
16．照顾；关心
17．对……负责
18．视她们如姐妹
　　[13]Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as19 the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.[14]Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983. [15]Since she had no children of her own，she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.And even as she lay dying，her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go，” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
[13]此句是复合句，though引导的是让步状语从句，having delivered...是having done作状语。
[14]此句含有not...until...结构，意为“直到……才……”；she died是省略关系词that或when的定语从句，修饰the day。
[15]此句是复合句，since引导原因状语从句。
19.被称为……/以……身份闻名
析篇章结构
carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
[教材原句P16]These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.从林巧稚医生的这番话，我们可以看到这位伟大女性的内心世界，以及到底是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
carry on doing/with...继续(做)…… be/get carried away变得很激动；失去自制力 carry out执行；实施 carry off成功地对付；赢得，获得(奖项) carry sb back (to sth)使某人回想起(某事)
　　(读后续写之片段描写)随着掌声的消逝，我继续弹钢琴，虽然我的思绪又回到了童年的练习中。突然，我变得很激动，漏掉了一个音符。我又害怕又紧张，想起了妈妈的建议：“冷静地执行每一步。”重新集中注意力，我不仅完美地对付了复杂的乐曲，而且获得了一等奖。她的信念使我渡过了危机。
As the claps faded，I (1)carried on playing the piano，though my mind (2)was carried back to childhood practices.Suddenly，I (3)got carried away and missed a note.Frightened and nervous，I recalled Mom’s advice: “(4)Carry out each step calmly.” Regaining focus，I not only (5)carried off the complex piece perfectly but won first prize.Her belief (6)carried me through the crisis.
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚(complaint n．抱怨；投诉)
[教材原句P16]“...Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.“……找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的哥哥一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
[外研版]In another letter，Father Christmas complained about how he could not stop his helpers playing games with the toys instead of wrapping them up.在另一封信中，圣诞老人抱怨说，他那些助手们非但没有把玩具包装起来，反而拿着玩具玩起了游戏，他怎么也没法让他们停下来。
·complain about/of...抱怨…… complain (to sb) that...(向某人)抱怨…… complain to sb about/of sth向某人抱怨某事 ·make a complaint about...抱怨……；对……提出投诉 注意：complain不能直接跟sb作宾语，其后应加介词to。类似的动词还有explain，announce，apologize等。
(1)The majority of my colleagues complained to me about/of the absolutely horrible working conditions.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之投诉信)我向您投诉，您邮寄给我的英文小说纸张质量差，还有一股难闻的气味。
I complain to you that the English novels you sent to me have poor-quality paper and a terrible smell.
(3)(应用文写作之投诉信)我写信是投诉你们酒店的服务不好。
I’m writing to make a complaint about/complain about/of the poor service of your hotel.
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(response n．反应；回答；回复)
[教材原句P16]She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！” 她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”
[北师大版]Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
贝多芬努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
·respond to对……做出回应或反应 respond that...回答说…… ·make a response to回答……；对……做出回应 in response to响应；作为对……的回应
(1)In response(respond) to our request for advice about learning English，he responded that we should take advantage of every precious opportunity to speak English.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之结束语)如果您能尽早回复我的信息，我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could respond to/make a response to my message at your earliest convenience.
appoint vt.任命；委派；确定(时间、地点)(appointment n．约会；约定；预约；委任；任命；职位)
[教材原句P16]In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but just a few months later，the department was closed because of the war.1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
[北师大版]I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments，invitations and news updates you would miss! 我甚至无法想象一周没有社交网络的生活——想想你会错过的所有重要约会、邀请和新闻更新！
·appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事 at the appointed time在约定的时间 ·make an appointment with sb与某人约会/预约
(1)If you want to see the doctor in the clinic，you’d better make an appointment(appoint) with him in advance.
(2)Learning that you are appointed as chairman of the Students’ Union，I am writing to send my sincere congratulations to you.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)我强烈建议你在约定的时间或更早到达，这显示了你的礼貌。
I strongly suggest that you should arrive at the appointed time or earlier，which shows your politeness.
(4)(应用文写作之活动安排)我们校长委派我向外国交换生介绍中国的茶艺文化。
Our headmaster appointed me to introduce Chinese tea art culture to foreign exchange students.
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于；往往会(tendency n．趋势；倾向)
[教材原句P17]She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。
[译林版]It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。
·tend to do/be...容易/易于/往往会…… tend (to) sb/sth照顾/护理/看护某人/某物 ·have a tendency to do sth倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事 There is a tendency towards/to (do) sth.有一种(做)……的趋势/倾向。
(1)There is a tendency(tend) that many young people choose online learning，so how to be smart online learners seems extremely significant.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之邀请信)我们往往在写英语作文时犯错误，所以我写信邀请你给我们作一个关于英语写作的在线讲座。
We tend to/have a tendency to make mistakes when writing English compositions，so I am writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
(3)(应用文写作之感谢信)我在伦敦逗留期间是您帮助照料我的宠物，任何言语都不足以表达我的感激之情。
It is you who have helped me (to) tend (to) my pet during my stay in London and no words are strong enough to express my gratitude.
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的(scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的)
[教材原句P17]She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.面试时她吓坏了，完全忘了该怎么回答这些问题。
[译林版]The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me，but I was quite frightened during the power failure.狂风暴雨并没有吓到我，但在停电时我很害怕。
·be scared ·scare sb into doing sth 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 scare sb/sth away/off把某人/物吓跑
(1)To be frank，the sudden appearance of the cute rabbit scared my horse into running like crazy.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之片段描写)虽然吓得要死，迈克还是挣扎着爬起来用尽全力把他的自行车扔向那只吓人的狼。幸运的是，狼被吓跑了，但是他仍然惊魂未定。
Although he was scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the scary wolf with all his strength.Fortunately，the wolf was scared away/off，but he was still in a state of shock.
(3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)我丈夫和我都害怕会被凶猛的熊伤害，因此我们的牙齿直打战。
My husband and I were scared that we would be hurt/were scared of being hurt/were scared to be hurt by the fierce bear and thus，our teeth were chattering.
replace vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处(replacement n．替换；更换；替换物；接替者)
[教材原句P17]The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.学生会将在一月举行一次特别的会议，选举某个人来代替那位秘书。
[北师大版]Firstly，talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact—images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.首先，在网上聊天并不能代替面对面的交流——图片当然无法代替现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。
·replace A with/by B　以B代替/替换A replace sth＝take the place of sth代替某物/某事 ·a replacement for ……的替代品/替补 点津：“代替”的其他表达法：in place of；in one’s place；take one’s place；instead of
(1)Remind yourself that although they are not replacements for sleep，rest and relaxation still help stay energetic.
(2)The reason why my father rejects replacing the old computer with/by a new one is that he hasn’t found a proper replacement(replace)．
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之演讲稿)我很高兴能代替我的同事在开幕式上发表演讲。
①I am very pleased to replace/take the place of my colleague to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony.
②I am very pleased to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony in place of/instead of my colleague.
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
[教材原句P16]To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I’m cold，hungry，or tired？对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。如果人们把生命托付给我，我怎么能说自己冷、自己饿、自己困，而拒绝这份信任呢？
其他表示最高级的句型： ·the＋最高级＋比较范围 ·比较级＋than＋ 含否定词的句式表达肯定意义： can/could＋never/not＋...enough/too...再……也不过分；越……越好
(1)当得知我在写作比赛中获得第一名时，我从来没有这么兴奋过。
When learning that I won first prize in the writing contest，never had I been more excited.
(2)——她唱歌多么动听啊！这是我听过的最好听的声音了。
——我完全同意你的看法。
—How beautifully she sings！Never have I/I have never heard a better voice.
—I can’t agree with you enough/too much/more.
(3)汤姆是我们班最勤奋的学生。(任用三种方式表达)
①Tom is the most hard-working student in our class.
②Tom is more hard-working than any other student in our class.
③Nobody is more hard-working than Tom in our class.
不定式(短语)作后置定语
[教材原句P16]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
·当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the last，the next，the only，the right等词时，常用动词不定式(短语)作后置定语。 ·在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。
(1)约翰是第一个想到一个好主意来帮助伯纳德做爆米花赚点额外收入的人。
John was the first person to think of a good idea to help Bernard earn some extra money by making popcorn.
(2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding.
(3)(话题写作之语言学习)在我看来，随机配对学生并不能提高他们的英语口语，毕竟，说英语的能力因人而异。
In my opinion，randomly pairing up students can’t improve their oral English and after all，the ability to speak English varies from person to person.
感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材原句P16]At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时，人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
[教材原句P17]The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。
·“see sb doing sth”结构即“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。 可用于该结构的感官动词有see，hear，smell，feel，watch，notice，observe等。 注意：当宾语补足语为省略to的不定式时，在被动语态中应补上省略的to。 ·一些动词(see，find，witness等)的主语有时不是人而是物，即拟人用法，使句子更生动。翻译成“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受，见证”。
(1)(读后续写之情绪描写)当我看到一条蛇在路上蜿蜒而行时，我吓死了。
When I saw a snake winding its way on the road，I was scared to death.
(2)在过去的十年里，我们村发生了巨大的变化。
The past decade has seen/witnessed the great changes in our village.
(3)这个男孩沉浸在学习中，没有听到隔壁房间里的父母在争吵。
Absorbed in his study，the boy didn’t hear his parents quarrelling in the next room.
(4)I observed a thief enter the bank and I dialed 110 right away.
→A thief was observed to enter the bank by me and I dialed 110 right away.(变为被动语态)
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．Recently there has been a sharp drop in interest in gardening throughout the town. adj.急剧的
2．I think the moral of the story is to let the buyer beware.n.寓意
3．In the first half，Jack broke his leg and had to retire.vi.退出
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．At the moment，I am faced with lots of dilemmas and I am absolutely at a loss.
2．Do take advantage of the precious chance to broaden your view and widen your knowledge.
3．On no occasion should we do things that go against personal principles.
4．She entrusted a saleswoman in an insurance company with all her savings(存款)．
5．We respected him for his various virtues(美德)，such as generosity，honesty and kindness.
6．When asked about the clinic’s future，the physician responded(回复) that he remained confident.
7．My colleague’s new idea got rejected(拒绝)，which made him quite unhappy.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Facing such a horrible snake，I was so scared(scare) that I stood there，with my heart beating wildly.
2．I am grateful for everything in my life，so never do I make a complaint(complain)．
3．Much to my joy，my mother decided to replace the old television with/by a new one.
4．All the wrestlers were energetic(energy)，hoping to win the coming wrestling match.
5．I was appointed to take(take) responsibility for the extra-curricular activity that will be organized by the Students’ Union.
6．Nothing is more exciting(exciting) than being elected as the head of the department.
7．He is always the first teacher to arrive(arrive) at the kindergarten.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Lin Qiaozhi，a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，1.delivered(deliver) over 50,000 babies in her career.
When she was five years old，her mother’s death affected her 2.deeply(deep)．At the age of 18，she chose to study medicine instead of getting married like the majority of 3.girls(girl)．After graduating from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)，she became the first woman 4.to be hired(hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.5.Having worked(work) for a few years，she went abroad for 6.further(far) education.Although she had the chance to work abroad，she returned to China.In 1941，she became the first Chinese woman to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.A few months later,7.when the war broke out，the department was closed.Thinking of all the people 8.in need of help，Dr Lin set up a private clinic where she lowered the fees for poor patients.Sometimes she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
After the founding of the new People’s Republic of China，Lin Qiaozhi 9.was appointed(appoint) to many important positions，but she was more interested in caring for patients and doing medical research.After she passed away，Dr Lin left her savings to a kindergarten and 10.a fund for new doctors.　　　
作业2
[分值：60分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．Entrusted with(被托付) the task of decorating the hall，I promise not to let you down.
2．In the past decade these effective measures have played a key role(发挥重要作用) in the sharp economic increase in the faraway region.
3．My energetic colleague is responsible for(对……负责) the project and I make every effort to help him.
4．I have hired a middle-aged woman with the purpose of caring for/tending to(照顾) my sick mother.
5．We tend to be deeply affected by(深受……的影响) those people around us，so we should make friends with those who are positive.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——人物介绍(满分15分)
1．上周我弟弟被任命为学生会主席。(时间＋see＋事件)
Last week saw my brother’s being appointed (to be/as) chairman of the Student Union.
2．他总是第一个帮助有困难的人解决他们的困境。(不定式短语作后置定语)
He is always the first one to assist those in trouble to solve their dilemmas.
3．他耐心地回答他人的问题，并且如果必要的话，他还会不遗余力地为老师提供帮助。(if引导条件状语从句)
He responds to others’ questions patiently and if it is necessary，he spares no effort to provide help for teachers as well.
4．尽管他年轻，他不害怕面对各种困难。(though引导让步状语从句)
Though he is young/Young though he is，he is not scared to face various difficulties.
5．所以我相信没人比他更有资格当主席了。(否定词＋比较级)
So I believe nobody can be a more qualified chairman than him.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
“If you could have any three things，what would you want？”
Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question，but it’s not a game she plays at recess(课间)．She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison，Arkansas，where she lives.Even more amazing，she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.
Ruby Kate often comes along with her mother，Amanda，who works at nursing home in the summer.“I’ve never found them scary at all，so I’m able to just go up to them and ask if they need anything，” she says.
Last May，Ruby Kate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window.She seemed sad.“What are you looking at？” Ruby Kate asked.Pearl said she was watching her dog being led away by his new owner after a visit.Pearl didn’t know when she would see her dog again.Pearl was a Medicaid recipient(医疗补助受益人)，who got only$40 a month to spend on personal items.Ruby Kate and Amanda asked around and discovered that many residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries.So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.
She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most.“That’s a lot simpler than going，‘Hey，what do you want？’” she explains.“They can understand you better.” Amanda worried that people would ask for things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide.Instead，they asked for chocolate bars，French fries，and even just a prayer(祷告)．
“It broke me as a human，” Amanda says with wet eyes.“We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could.”
Using their own money，the Chitseys made the wishes of about 100 people come true in three months.Then they started asking for donations.The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically，and they raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是11岁的女孩Ruby在养老院帮助老人们实现愿望，展现善良和关爱的故事。
1．Why does Ruby often ask the same question
A．She likes hearing everyone’s stories.
B．She wants to help residents in nursing homes.
C．She finds it interesting to repeat the question.
D．It makes her famous in the community.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison，Arkansas，where she lives.Even more amazing，she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.”可知，她总是问同样的问题，并不是在课间休息时玩的游戏，而是开始着手让老人们的愿望成真，即帮助老人们实现他们的愿望。故选B。
2．What can be inferred about Pearl in paragraph 4
A．Pearl was in good health.
B．Pearl didn’t have enough money to keep her dog.
C．Pearl was too old to raise a dog.
D．Pearl sold her dog for small luxuries.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Pearl was a Medicaid recipient(医疗补助受益人)，who got only $40 a month to spend on personal items.Ruby Kate and Amanda asked around and discovered that many residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries.So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.”可推知，Pearl养不起自己的狗狗。故选B。
3．What moved Amanda most
A．The simplicity and sincerity of the residents’ requests.
B．The popularity Ruby achieved for her kind behaviors.
C．The residents’ gratitude for Amanda’s assistance.
D．The generosity and enthusiasm of the good people of Harrison.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“That’s a lot simpler than going，‘Hey，what do you want？’ she explains.‘They can understand you better.’ Amanda worried that people would ask for things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide.Instead，they asked for chocolate bars，French fries，and even just a prayer(祷告)．”以及第六段首句可知，她最感动的事是老人们简单而真诚的请求。故选A。
4．What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A．Action speaks louder than words.
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart.
D．Kindness is the language of the heart.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question，but it’s not a game she plays at recess (课间)．She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison，Arkansas，where she lives.Even more amazing，she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.”可知，文章介绍的是11岁的女孩Ruby在养老院帮助老人们实现愿望，展现善良和关爱的故事。D选项强调了善良和关爱在人际交往中的重要性，与文章的主题相符。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
Most adults view human life as especially precious.For example，a survey of millions of people in 233 countries，most of them in their 20s and 30s，found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.
However，growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently.Using a toy railway and Lego figures，Matti Wilks and her colleagues at the University of Edinburgh presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an ①urban part of Poland with scenarios(场景) based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem.
The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal—either a dog or chimpanzee(大猩猩)．Surprisingly，children were likely to save a dog over a person.About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car ②collide with the person，compared with just 17 percent of adults.About 28 percent of children also ③prioritized the chimpanzee over the person，compared with 11 percent of adults.
“Children learn from their parents，teachers and others that it’s morally(道德上) important to care for others，but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule，” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.As a result，they don’t ④show a strong preference for saving one over the other，she says.“However，as they get older，they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people，” says Neldner.
The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity，says Wilks.Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童与成人在道德选择上的差异，儿童在面临人类与动物的生命选择时，更可能选择拯救动物，揭示了儿童可能不完全理解人类生命的价值。
5．What is the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph
A．To present a scientific finding.
B．To advertise for self-driving cars.
C．To provide background information.
D．To introduce the topic of the passage.
答案　D
解析　写作意图题。根据第一段可知，本段通过提出一项关于成年人选择让自动驾驶汽车撞动物而不是人的调查发现，引导读者思考儿童与成年人在面对生命选择时的不同态度和看法，从而引出文章的主题，即儿童在道德选择上与成年人存在差异。故选D。
6．What can we learn from Wilks’ thought experiment
A．Children may fail to understand the value of human life.
B．Children’s moral development is shaped by the love for pets.
C．The trolley problem is a tool to assess children’s understanding.
D．Most children in the experiment prefer to save a dog over a person.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Surprisingly，children were likely to save a dog over a person.”可知，孩子们在面临人类与动物的生命选择时，更有可能选择拯救狗而不是人。这表明他们在某种程度上可能没有完全理解人类生命的价值。故选A。
7．What causes children to change their moral choices
A．Cultural influence.
B．Familiarity with others.
C．Learning the blanket rule.
D．Care for parents and teachers.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“However，as they get older，they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people”可知，孩子们随着年龄的增长可能会接受文化叙事，他们被告知关心他人非常重要，这表明文化影响可能是导致孩子们在道德决策上发生变化的因素之一。故选A。
8．Which might be the best title for the text
A．Moral Dilemma：the Trolley Problem
B．Different Opinions About Self-driving Cars
C．Children’s Choices：Saving Lives or Animals
D．Psychological Effects of Animals on Children
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Surprisingly，children were likely to save a dog over a person.”可知，文章主要讨论的是儿童在道德选择上的偏好，即他们更愿意救动物还是人。故选C。
[语境猜词] ①urban adj.城市的；都市的 ②collide v.碰撞；冲突 ③prioritize v.优先处理 ④show a strong preference for表现出对……的强烈偏好 [句式分析] “Children learn from their parents，teachers and others that it’s morally important to care for others，but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule，” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. 分析：此句为并列复合句。that引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当成分，无词义；but并列两个句子，表转折；两个it都是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。 翻译：德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所的卡里·内尔德纳表示：“孩子们从父母、老师和其他人那里学到，关心他人在道德上很重要，但对他们来说，把这当作一条笼统的规则来学习可能更容易。”
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
When I look back，I can’t help feeling grateful and blessed.Twelve years ago，I arrived alone in Central Florida from Puerto Rico.I had heard of a job opportunity and decided to 1 it.But it never became a 2 .
Once my limited 3 ran out，I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando.For the first time，I，who had lived a 4 life in a middle class family，understood the 5 someone feels when they don’t get enough to eat.I clearly remembered 6 a distance on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program before they 7 at 7 pm.
8 ，local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless，Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me 9 my painful experience.
With the 10 of these programs，I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition and 11 two degrees from Valencia.
My experience 12 me to the fact that help meant everything to people in need and inspired me to be 13 helping others.Today，I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversee the summer 14 programs.I am so proud to be able to 15 food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从波多黎各来到佛罗里达中部后找不到工作，成为无家可归者，后来在一些慈善机构的帮助下完成了学业，并且决定去帮助他人，把爱心传递下去的故事。
1．A.depend on B．go for
C．run after D．react to
答案　B
解析　depend on依靠；go for努力争取；run after追赶；react to对……有反应。根据前文“I arrived alone in Central Florida from Puerto Rico”可知，作者独自一人从波多黎各来到佛罗里达中部，当听说有工作机会时，作者应是努力去争取。故选B项。
2．A.dream B．threat
C．reality D．puzzle
答案　C
解析　dream梦；threat威胁；reality现实；puzzle疑问。根据后文“I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando”可知，作者无家可归，所以应是没有得到工作，没有成为现实。故选C项。
3．A.patience B．energy
C．resources D．funds
答案　D
解析　patience耐心；energy能量；resource资源；fund资金。根据后文“I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando”可知，作者变得无家可归，只能住在大街上，所以应是作者的资金用完了。故选D项。
4．A.busy B．painful
C．comfortable D．stressful
答案　C
解析　busy忙碌的；painful痛苦的；comfortable舒适的；stressful压力大的。根据后文“in a middle class family”可知，作者来自中产阶级家庭，所以应是过着舒适的生活。故选C项。
5．A.disappointment B．anger
C．loneliness D．despair
答案　D
解析　disappointment失望；anger愤怒；loneliness孤独；despair绝望。根据后文“when they don’t get enough to eat”可知，吃不饱饭时，应是绝望的。故选D项。
6．A.running B．measuring
C．keeping D．walking
答案　A
解析　run跑；measure测量；keep保持；walk步行。根据后文“to make it to a local feeding program before they at 7 pm”可知，作者需要在晚上7点之前赶到救济站，因此他需要快速到达，跑步是最合适的方式。故选A项。
7．A.opened B．closed
C．refused D．retired
答案　B
解析　open打开；close关门；refuse拒绝；retire退休。根据前文“I clearly remembered a distance on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program”可知，作者跑着去，应是为了在关门前赶到那里。故选B项。
8．A.Frankly B．Occasionally
C．Gradually D．Fortunately
答案　D
解析　frankly坦率地；occasionally偶尔；gradually逐渐地；fortunately幸运地。根据后文“local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless，Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me my painful experience”可知，在一些慈善机构的帮助下，作者幸运地度过了这段痛苦的经历。故选D项。
9．A.relate B．identify
C．survive D．battle
答案　C
解析　relate联系；identify识别；survive艰难度过；battle斗争。参考上题解析。故选C项。
10．A.assistance B．recognition
C．benefit D．operation
答案　A
解析　assistance帮助；recognition识别；benefit益处；operation行动。根据前文“local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless，Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me my painful experience”以及后文“I was accepted...through the Coalition”可知，应是在这些项目的帮助下，作者获得了大学奖学金。故选A项。
11．A.rejected B．received
C．found D．lost
答案　B
解析　reject拒绝；receive收到；find发现；lose丢失。根据前文“I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition”可知，作者获得了大学奖学金，所以此处应是获得了瓦伦西亚大学的两个学位。故选B项。
12．A.awoke B．applied
C．offered D．sent
答案　A
解析　awake唤起；apply申请；offer提供；send发送。根据后文“the fact that help meant everything to people in need”可知，作者的亲身经历让他意识到帮助对于有需要的人来说至关重要，即这一经历唤醒了他对于这个问题的认识。故选A项。
13．A.impressed by B．concerned about
C．devoted to D．attracted to
答案　C
解析　(be) impressed by对……印象深刻；(be) concerned about关心；(be) devoted to致力于；(be) attracted to被……吸引。根据后文“I am so proud to be able to food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.”可知，作者应是致力于帮助他人。故选C项。
14．A.feeding B．school
C．camp D．vacation
答案　A
解析　feeding喂食；school学校；camp营地；vacation假期。根据后文“I am so proud to be able to food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.”可知，作者提供食物资源，所以应是喂食项目。故选A项。
15．A.donate B．show
C．award D．deliver
答案　D
解析　donate捐赠；show显示；award授予；deliver递送。根据前文“I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversee the summer programs”可知，作者负责监督夏季喂食项目，所以应是为那些需要帮助的人提供食物资源。故选D项。(共114张PPT)
Period 2
Reading and Thinking
Morals and virtues
Unit 2
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业2
课文深度理解
1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A.By listing numbers.
B.By quotation(引用).
C.By giving examples.
D.By making comparisons.
√
泛读速选
2.What made Lin Qiaozhi’s brother angry with her
A.Her mother’s death.
B.Her decision to be single.
C.Her marriage like most girls.
D.Her decision to study medicine.
√
3.Which is the correct order of the events in Dr Lin’s life
①Her mother died.
②She was sent to Europe to study.
③She was elected to the first National People’s Congress.
④She was named a chief resident physician.
⑤She opened a private clinic.
A.①③②④⑤ B.①④②⑤③
C.②①④③⑤ D.④②③①⑤
√
4.Which of the following can best describe Dr Lin
A.Devoted and thankful.
B.Positive and confident.
C.Warm-hearted and careful.
D.Hard-working and selfless.
√
5.Which of the following led Lin Qiaozhi to make her choices
A.Her love for kids.
B.Her love for medicine.
C.Her idea of saving patients.
D.Her idea of putting others first.
√
6.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Lin married very late.
B.Lin died while working.
C.Lin adopted many babies.
D.Lin founded a kindergarten.
√
精读细研
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
“Life is precious....[1]To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with1 that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I’m cold，hungry，or tired？”
[1]此句是and连接的并列复合句，nothing is more precious than their life 为“否定词＋形容词比较级＋than...”结构，表示最高级的含义；if引导条件状语从句；saying...tired是动词-ing形式短语作状语。
词块翻译：
1._________________
把某事委托给某人
[2]These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through2 a life of hard choices3.
[2]此句是复合句，what引导的是宾语从句，作介词into的宾语。
词块翻译：
2._________________
3.___________________
帮助某人渡过难关
充满艰难抉择的一生
As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by4 her mother’s death.[3]At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage5 like the majority of6 girls，
she chose to7 work and study. “Why should girls learn so much
[3]句中following the traditional path...是动词-ing形式短语作宾语。
词块翻译：
4._______________
5.___________________
6.___________
7.___________
深受……的影响
走上婚姻的传统道路
大多数……
选择做某事
[4]Finding a good husband should be their final goal！”her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees8.She responded，“[5]I’d rather stay single to study all my life！” Later，she went on to study medicine as she had wished.
[4]句中Finding a good husband是动词-ing形式短语作主语，thinking of the high tuition fees是动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[5]would rather do...宁愿做……
词块翻译：
8.____________
高昂的学费
[6]In 1929，Lin graduated from9 Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship，
the highest prize given to graduates.
[7]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician10 in the OB-GYN department
of the PUMC Hospital.
词块翻译：
9._______
10.______________
毕业于
一名住院医师
[6]句中the highest prize given to graduates是the Wenhai Scholarship
的同位语，其中given to graduates
是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰prize。
[7]此句中的不定式短语to be hired as...作后置定语，修饰the first woman。
[8]Within six months，she was named a chief resident physician，a position that usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years，she was sent to study in Europe and then，in 1939，in the US.[9]She greatly impressed
her American colleagues，who invited her to stay.Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer11.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
[8]句中a position that usually...to achieve是a chief resident physician
的同位语，其中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a position。
[9]句中who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词colleagues。
词块翻译：
11._________
谢绝邀请
In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but just a few months later，the department was closed because of the war.[10]Thinking of all the people still in need of12 help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
[10]Thinking of all the people still in need of help...是动词-ing形式短语作状语。
词块翻译：
12.______
需要
She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. [11]At times13 she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
[11]句中含有see sb doing sth句型，在此句中用于被动语态be seen doing sth，to provide medical care是不定式短语作目的状语。
词块翻译：
13.______
有时
[12]The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role14.In 1954，she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and，over the next several decades15，she held many important positions.Her heart，however，was elsewhere.
[12]此句使用了“无灵主语”，句中playing a key role是动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语。
词块翻译：
14.______________
15._________________
发挥重要作用
在随后的几十年间
She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research
on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.“The OB-GYN department cares for16 two lives，” she told new staff in her department.“As doctors，we should be responsible for17 the patients and treat them as our sisters18.”
词块翻译：
16.____________
17.____________
18.______________
照顾；关心
对……负责
视她们如姐妹
[13]Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as19 the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.[14]Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.
[13]此句是复合句，though引导的是让步状语从句，having delivered...是having done作状语。
[14]此句含有not...until...结构，意为“直到……才……”；she died是省略关系词that或when的定语从句，修饰the day。
词块翻译：
19._________________________
被称为……/以……身份闻名
[15]Since she had no children of her own，she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.And even as she lay dying，
her final thoughts were for others.
“I’m ready to go，” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
[15]此句是复合句，since引导原因状语从句。
析篇章结构
the heart
ambition
doctor
Summary
返 回
语言知识梳理
帮助某人渡过难关
[教材原句P16]These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.从林巧稚医生的这番话，我们可以看到这位伟大女性的内心世界，以及到底是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
1
carry sb through sth
carry on doing/with...继续(做)……
be/get carried away变得很激动；失去自制力
carry out执行；实施
carry off成功地对付；赢得，获得(奖项)
carry sb back (to sth)使某人回想起(某事)
(读后续写之片段描写)随着掌声的消逝，我继续弹钢琴，虽然我的思绪又回到了童年的练习中。突然，我变得很激动，漏掉了一个音符。我又害怕又紧张，想起了妈妈的建议：“冷静地执行每一步。”重新集中注意力，我不仅完美地对付了复杂的乐曲，而且获得了一等奖。她的信念使我渡过了危机。
As the claps faded，I (1) playing the piano，though my mind
(2) childhood practices.Suddenly，I (3)______________
and missed a note.Frightened and nervous，I recalled Mom’s advice:
“(4) each step calmly.” Regaining focus，I not only (5)__________
the complex piece perfectly but won first prize.Her belief (6)______________
the crisis.
carried on
was carried back to
got carried away
Carry out
carried off
carried me
through
vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚(complaint n.抱怨；投诉)
[教材原句P16]“...Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.“……找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的哥哥一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
[外研版]In another letter，Father Christmas complained about how he could not stop his helpers playing games with the toys instead of wrapping them up.在另一封信中，圣诞老人抱怨说，他那些助手们非但没有把玩具包装起来，反而拿着玩具玩起了游戏，他怎么也没法让他们停下来。
2
complain
·complain about/of...抱怨……
complain (to sb) that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain to sb about/of sth向某人抱怨某事
·make a complaint about...抱怨……；对……提出投诉
注意：complain不能直接跟sb作宾语，其后应加介词to。类似的动词还有explain，announce，apologize等。
(1)The majority of my colleagues complained to me the absolutely horrible working conditions.
about/of
(2)(应用文写作之投诉信)我向您投诉，您邮寄给我的英文小说纸张质量差，还有一股难闻的气味。
I the English novels you sent to me have poor-quality paper and a terrible smell.
(3)(应用文写作之投诉信)我写信是投诉你们酒店的服务不好。
I’m writing to the poor service of your hotel.
写作佳句
complain to you that
make a complaint about/complain about/of
vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(response n.反应；回答；回复)
[教材原句P16]She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！” 她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”
[北师大版]Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
贝多芬努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
3
respond
·respond to对……做出回应或反应
respond that...回答说……
·make a response to回答……；对……做出回应
in response to响应；作为对……的回应
(1)In (respond) to our request for advice about learning English，he responded we should take advantage of every precious opportunity to speak English.
response
that
(2)(应用文写作之结束语)如果您能尽早回复我的信息，我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could ___________________________
at your earliest convenience.
写作佳句
respond to/make a response to
my message
vt.任命；委派；确定(时间、地点)(appointment n.约会；约定；预约；委任；任命；职位)
[教材原句P16]In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but just a few months later，the department was closed because of the war.1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
[北师大版]I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments，invitations and news updates you would miss! 我甚至无法想象一周没有社交网络的生活——想想你会错过的所有重要约会、邀请和新闻更新！
4
appoint
·appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事
at the appointed time在约定的时间
·make an appointment with sb与某人约会/预约
(1)If you want to see the doctor in the clinic，you’d better make an
(appoint) with him in advance.
(2)Learning that you are appointed chairman of the Students’ Union，I am writing to send my sincere congratulations to you.
appointment
as
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)我强烈建议你在约定的时间或更早到达，这显示了你的礼貌。
I strongly suggest that you should _________________________
，which shows your politeness.
(4)(应用文写作之活动安排)我们校长委派我向外国交换生介绍中国的茶艺文化。
Our headmaster ________________________________________
to foreign exchange students.
写作佳句
arrive at the appointed time
or earlier
culture
appointed me to introduce Chinese tea art
vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于；往往会(tendency n.趋势；倾向)
[教材原句P17]She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。
[译林版]It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。
5
tend
(1)There is a (tend) that many young people choose online learning，so how to be smart online learners seems extremely significant.
tendency
·tend to do/be...容易/易于/往往会……
tend (to) sb/sth照顾/护理/看护某人/某物
·have a tendency to do sth倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事
There is a tendency towards/to (do) sth.有一种(做)……的趋势/倾向。
(2)(应用文写作之邀请信)我们往往在写英语作文时犯错误，所以我写信邀请你给我们作一个关于英语写作的在线讲座。
We when writing English compositions，so I am writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
写作佳句
tend to/have a tendency to make mistakes
(3)(应用文写作之感谢信)我在伦敦逗留期间是您帮助照料我的宠物，任何言语都不足以表达我的感激之情。
It is you who have helped me _____________________________
and no words are strong enough to express my gratitude.
(to) tend (to) my pet during my
stay in London
adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的(scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的)
[教材原句P17]She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.面试时她吓坏了，完全忘了该怎么回答这些问题。
[译林版]The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me，but I was quite frightened during the power failure.狂风暴雨并没有吓到我，但在停电时我很害怕。
6
scared
·scare sb into doing sth 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare sb/sth away/off把某人/物吓跑
(1)To be frank，the sudden appearance of the cute rabbit scared my horse running like crazy.
into
of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事
to do sth害怕做某事
that...害怕……
to death吓得要死
·be scared
(2)(读后续写之片段描写)虽然吓得要死，迈克还是挣扎着爬起来用尽全力把他的自行车扔向那只吓人的狼。幸运的是，狼被吓跑了，但是他仍然惊魂未定。
Although he ，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at with all his strength.
Fortunately，the wolf ，but he was still in a state of shock.
写作佳句
was scared to death
the scary wolf
was scared away/off
(3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)我丈夫和我都害怕会被凶猛的熊伤害，因此我们的牙齿直打战。
My husband and I ______________________________________
by the fierce bear and thus，our teeth were chattering.
were scared that we would be hurt/were
scared of being hurt/were scared to be hurt
vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处(replacement n.替换；更换；替换物；接替者)
[教材原句P17]The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.学生会将在一月举行一次特别的会议，选举某个人来代替那位秘书。
[北师大版]Firstly，talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact—images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.首先，在网上聊天并不能代替面对面的交流——图片当然无法代替现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。
7
replace
(1)Remind yourself that although they are not replacements sleep，rest and relaxation still help stay energetic.
(2)The reason why my father rejects replacing the old computer _______
a new one is that he hasn’t found a proper (replace).
·replace A with/by B　以B代替/替换A
replace sth＝take the place of sth代替某物/某事
·a replacement for ……的替代品/替补
点津：“代替”的其他表达法：in place of；in one’s place；take one’s place；instead of
for
with/by
replacement
(3)(应用文写作之演讲稿)我很高兴能代替我的同事在开幕式上发表演讲。
①I am very pleased to to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony.
②I am very pleased to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony
.
写作佳句
replace/take the place of my colleague
in place of/instead of my colleague
[教材原句P16]To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I’m cold，hungry，or tired？对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。如果人们把生命托付给我，我怎么能说自己冷、自己饿、自己困，而拒绝这份信任呢？
8
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
其他表示最高级的句型：
·the＋最高级＋比较范围
含否定词的句式表达肯定意义：
can/could＋never/not＋...enough/too...再……也不过分；越……越好
any other＋可数名词单数
(all) the other＋名词复数
any of the other＋名词复数
anything/anyone else
·比较级＋than＋
(1)当得知我在写作比赛中获得第一名时，我从来没有这么兴奋过。
When learning that I won first prize in the writing contest，___________
.
(2)——她唱歌多么动听啊！这是我听过的最好听的声音了。
——我完全同意你的看法。
—How beautifully she sings！____________________________________
.
—____________________________________________________________
never had I
been more excited
Never have I/I have never heard a better
voice
I can’t agree with you enough/too much/more.
(3)汤姆是我们班最勤奋的学生。(任用三种方式表达)
①___________________________________________________________
②___________________________________________________________
③___________________________________________________________
Tom is the most hard-working student in our class.
Tom is more hard-working than any other student in our class.
Nobody is more hard-working than Tom in our class.
[教材原句P16]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
·当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the last，
the next，the only，the right等词时，常用动词不定式(短语)作后置
定语。
·在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后常用不定式(短
语)作后置定语。
9
不定式(短语)作后置定语
(1)约翰是第一个想到一个好主意来帮助伯纳德做爆米花赚点额外收入的人。
John was a good idea to help Bernard earn some extra money by making popcorn.
(2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance _______________________
.
the first person to think of
to strengthen each other’s
understanding
(3)(话题写作之语言学习)在我看来，随机配对学生并不能提高他们的英语口语，毕竟，说英语的能力因人而异。
In my opinion，randomly pairing up students can’t improve their oral English and after all，__________________________________________
.
the ability to speak English varies from person to
person
[教材原句P16]At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时，人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
[教材原句P17]The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。
感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
10
·“see sb doing sth”结构即“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
可用于该结构的感官动词有see，hear，smell，feel，watch，notice，observe等。
注意：当宾语补足语为省略to的不定式时，在被动语态中应补上省略的to。
·一些动词(see，find，witness等)的主语有时不是人而是物，即拟人用法，使句子更生动。翻译成“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受，
见证”。
(1)(读后续写之情绪描写)当我看到一条蛇在路上蜿蜒而行时，我吓死了。
When its way on the road，I was scared to death.
(2)在过去的十年里，我们村发生了巨大的变化。
The past decade .
(3)这个男孩沉浸在学习中，没有听到隔壁房间里的父母在争吵。
Absorbed in his study，the boy didn’t in the next room.
I saw a snake winding
has seen/witnessed the great changes in our village
hear his parents quarrelling
(4)I observed a thief enter the bank and I dialed 110 right away.
→ by me and I dialed 110 right away.(变为被动语态)
返 回
A thief was observed to enter the bank
基础达标检测
1.Recently there has been a sharp drop in interest in gardening throughout the town.
2.I think the moral of the story is to let the buyer beware.
3.In the first half，Jack broke his leg and had to retire.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
__________
_______
_______
adj.急剧的
n.寓意
vi.退出
1.At the moment，I am faced with lots of and I am absolutely at a loss.
2.Do take advantage of the chance to broaden your view and widen your knowledge.
3.On no occasion should we do things that go against personal .
4.She entrusted a saleswoman in an insurance company with all her
(存款).
Ⅱ.单词拼写
dilemmas
precious
principles
savings
5.We respected him for his various (美德)，such as generosity，honesty and kindness.
6.When asked about the clinic’s future，the physician (回复) that he remained confident.
7.My colleague’s new idea got (拒绝)，which made him quite unhappy.
virtues
responded
rejected
1.Facing such a horrible snake，I was so (scare) that I stood there，with my heart beating wildly.
2.I am grateful for everything in my life，so never do I make a _________
(complain).
3.Much to my joy，my mother decided to replace the old television
a new one.
4.All the wrestlers were (energy)，hoping to win the coming wrestling match.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
scared
complaint
with/by
energetic
5.I was appointed (take) responsibility for the extra-curricular activity that will be organized by the Students’ Union.
6.Nothing is (exciting) than being elected as the head of the department.
7.He is always the first teacher (arrive) at the kindergarten.
to take
more exciting
to arrive
Lin Qiaozhi，a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，1. (deliver) over 50,000 babies in her career.
When she was five years old，her mother’s death affected her 2._______(deep).At the age of 18，she chose to study medicine instead of getting married like the majority of 3. (girl).After graduating from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)，she became the first woman 4.__________(hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
delivered
deeply
girls
to be hired
5. (work) for a few years，she went abroad for 6._______
(far) education.Although she had the chance to work abroad，she returned to China.In 1941，she became the first Chinese woman to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.A few months later,7. the war broke out，the department was closed.Thinking of all the people 8. need of help，Dr Lin set up a private clinic where she lowered the fees for poor patients.Sometimes she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
Having worked
further
when
in
After the founding of the new People’s Republic of China，Lin Qiaozhi 9. (appoint) to many important positions，but she was more interested in caring for patients and doing medical research.
After she passed away，Dr Lin left her savings to a kindergarten and
10. fund for new doctors.
返 回
was appointed
a
作业2
1. (被托付) the task of decorating the hall，I promise not to let you down.
2.In the past decade these effective measures (发挥重要作用) in the sharp economic increase in the faraway region.
3.My energetic colleague (对……负责) the project and I make every effort to help him.
Ⅰ.短语填空
Entrusted with
have played a key role
is responsible for
4.I have hired a middle-aged woman with the purpose of _________
(照顾) my sick mother.
5.We tend to (深受……的影响) those people around us，so we should make friends with those who are positive.
caring
for/tending to
be deeply affected by
1.上周我弟弟被任命为学生会主席。(时间＋see＋事件)
chairman of the Student Union.
2.他总是第一个帮助有困难的人解决他们的困境。(不定式短语作后置定语)
He is always the first one _______________________________________
.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——人物介绍
Last week saw my brother’s being appointed (to be/as)
to assist those in trouble to solve their
dilemmas
3.他耐心地回答他人的问题，并且如果必要的话，他还会不遗余力地为老师提供帮助。(if引导条件状语从句)
He responds to others’ questions patiently and ，he spares no effort to provide help for teachers as well.
4.尽管他年轻，他不害怕面对各种困难。(though引导让步状语从句)
，he is not scared to face various difficulties.
if it is necessary
Though he is young/Young though he is
5.所以我相信没人比他更有资格当主席了。(否定词＋比较级)
So I believe .
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
nobody can be a more qualified chairman than him
A
“If you could have any three things，what would you want？”
Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question，but it’s not a game she plays at recess(课间).She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison，Arkansas，where she lives.Even more amazing，she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是11岁的女孩Ruby在养老院帮助老人们实现愿望，展现善良和关爱的故事。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Ruby Kate often comes along with her mother，Amanda，who works at nursing home in the summer.“I’ve never found them scary at all，so I’m able to just go up to them and ask if they need anything，” she says.
Last May，Ruby Kate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window.She seemed sad.“What are you looking at？” Ruby Kate asked.Pearl said she was watching her dog being led away by his new owner after a visit.Pearl didn’t know when she would see her dog again.
Pearl was a Medicaid recipient(医疗补助受益人)，who got only$40 a month to spend on personal items.Ruby Kate and Amanda asked around and discovered that many residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries.So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.
She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most.“That’s a lot simpler than going，‘Hey，what do you want？’” she explains.“They can understand you better.” Amanda worried that people would ask for things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide.Instead，they asked for chocolate bars，French fries，and even just a prayer(祷告).
“It broke me as a human，” Amanda says with wet eyes.“We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could.”
Using their own money，the Chitseys made the wishes of about 100 people come true in three months.Then they started asking for donations.The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically，and they raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months.
1.Why does Ruby often ask the same question
A.She likes hearing everyone’s stories.
B.She wants to help residents in nursing homes.
C.She finds it interesting to repeat the question.
D.It makes her famous in the community.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中“She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison，Arkansas，where she lives.Even more amazing，she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.”可知，她总是问同样的问题，并不是在课间休息时玩的游戏，而是开始着手让老人们的愿望成真，即帮助老人们实现他们的愿望。故选B。
解析
2.What can be inferred about Pearl in paragraph 4
A.Pearl was in good health.
B.Pearl didn’t have enough money to keep her dog.
C.Pearl was too old to raise a dog.
D.Pearl sold her dog for small luxuries.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Pearl was a Medicaid recipient(医疗补助受益人)，who got only $40 a month to spend on personal items.Ruby Kate and Amanda asked around and discovered that many residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries.So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.”可推知，Pearl养不起自己的狗狗。故选B。
解析
3.What moved Amanda most
A.The simplicity and sincerity of the residents’ requests.
B.The popularity Ruby achieved for her kind behaviors.
C.The residents’ gratitude for Amanda’s assistance.
D.The generosity and enthusiasm of the good people of Harrison.
√
细节理解题。根据第五段中“That’s a lot simpler than going，‘Hey，what do you want？’ she explains.‘They can understand you better.’ Amanda worried that people would ask for things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide.Instead，they asked for chocolate bars，French fries，and even just a prayer(祷告).”以及第六段首句可知，她最感动的事是老人们简单而真诚的请求。故选A。
解析
4.What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A.Action speaks louder than words.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.Nothing is difficult to a willing heart.
D.Kindness is the language of the heart.
√
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question，but it’s not a game she plays at recess (课间).She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison，Arkansas，where she lives.Even more amazing，she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.”可知，文章介绍的是11岁的女孩Ruby在养老院帮助老人们实现愿望，展现善良和关爱的故事。D选项强调了善良和关爱在人际交往中的重要性，与文章的主题相符。故选D。
解析
B(此篇精读)
Most adults view human life as especially precious.For example，a survey of millions of people in 233 countries，most of them in their 20s and 30s，found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童与成人在道德选择上的差异，儿童在面临人类与动物的生命选择时，更可能选择拯救动物，揭示了儿童可能不完全理解人类生命的价值。
However，growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently.Using a toy railway and Lego figures，Matti Wilks and her colleagues at the University of Edinburgh presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an ①urban part of Poland with scenarios(场景) based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem.
The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal—either a dog or chimpanzee(大猩猩).Surprisingly，children were likely to save a dog over a person.About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car ②collide with the person，compared with just 17 percent of adults.About 28 percent of children also ③prioritized the chimpanzee over the person，compared with 11 percent of adults.
“Children learn from their parents，teachers and others that it’s morally(道德上) important to care for others，but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule，” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.As a result，they don’t ④show a strong preference for saving one over the other，she says.“However，as they get older，they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people，” says Neldner.
The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity，says Wilks.Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person.
5.What is the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph
A.To present a scientific finding.
B.To advertise for self-driving cars.
C.To provide background information.
D.To introduce the topic of the passage.
√
写作意图题。根据第一段可知，本段通过提出一项关于成年人选择让自动驾驶汽车撞动物而不是人的调查发现，引导读者思考儿童与成年人在面对生命选择时的不同态度和看法，从而引出文章的主题，即儿童在道德选择上与成年人存在差异。故选D。
解析
6.What can we learn from Wilks’ thought experiment
A.Children may fail to understand the value of human life.
B.Children’s moral development is shaped by the love for pets.
C.The trolley problem is a tool to assess children’s understanding.
D.Most children in the experiment prefer to save a dog over a person.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Surprisingly，children were likely to save a dog over a person.”可知，孩子们在面临人类与动物的生命选择时，更有可能选择拯救狗而不是人。这表明他们在某种程度上可能没有完全理解人类生命的价值。故选A。
解析
7.What causes children to change their moral choices
A.Cultural influence.
B.Familiarity with others.
C.Learning the blanket rule.
D.Care for parents and teachers.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“However，as they get older，they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people”可知，孩子们随着年龄的增长可能会接受文化叙事，他们被告知关心他人非常重要，这表明文化影响可能是导致孩子们在道德决策上发生变化的因素之一。故选A。
解析
8.Which might be the best title for the text
A.Moral Dilemma：the Trolley Problem
B.Different Opinions About Self-driving Cars
C.Children’s Choices：Saving Lives or Animals
D.Psychological Effects of Animals on Children
√
标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Surprisingly，children were likely to save a dog over a person.”可知，文章主要讨论的是儿童在道德选择上的偏好，即他们更愿意救动物还是人。故选C。
解析
①urban adj.________________
②collide v.____________
③prioritize v.__________
④show a strong preference for ________________________
语境猜词
城市的；都市的
碰撞；冲突
优先处理
表现出对……的强烈偏好
“Children learn from their parents，teachers and others that it’s morally important to care for others，but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule，” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.
分析：此句为 句。that引导 从句，在从句中不充当成分，无词义；but并列两个句子，表转折；两个it都是 ，不定式作_______
。
翻译：_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
句式分析
并列复合
宾语
真正的
形式主语
德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所的卡里k·内尔德纳表示：“孩子们从父母、老师和其他人那里学到，关心他人在道德上很重要，但对他们来说，把这当作一条笼统的规则来学习可能更容易。”
主语
When I look back，I can’t help feeling grateful and blessed.Twelve years ago，I arrived alone in Central Florida from Puerto Rico.
Ⅳ.完形填空
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从波多黎各来到佛罗里达中部后找不到工作，成为无家可归者，后来在一些慈善机构的帮助下完成了学业，并且决定去帮助他人，把爱心传递下去的故事。
I had heard of a job opportunity and decided to 1 it.But it never became a 2 .
1.A.depend on B.go for
C.run after D.react to
2.A.dream B.threat
C.reality D.puzzle
√
√
1.depend on依靠；go for努力争取；run after追赶；react to对……有反应。根据前文“I arrived alone in Central Florida from Puerto Rico”可知，作者独自一人从波多黎各来到佛罗里达中部，当听说有工作机会时，作者应是努力去争取。故选B项。
2.dream梦；threat威胁；reality现实；puzzle疑问。根据后文“I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando”可知，作者无家可归，所以应是没有得到工作，没有成为现实。故选C项。
解析
Once my limited 3 ran out，I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando.
3.A.patience B.energy
C.resources D.funds
√
patience耐心；energy能量；resource资源；fund资金。根据后文“I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando”可知，作者变得无家可归，只能住在大街上，所以应是作者的资金用完了。故选D项。
解析
For the first time，I，who had lived a 4 life in a middle class family，understood the 5 someone feels when they don’t get enough to eat.
4.A.busy B.painful
C.comfortable D.stressful
5.A.disappointment B.anger
C.loneliness D.despair
√
√
4.busy忙碌的；painful痛苦的；comfortable舒适的；stressful压力大的。根据后文“in a middle class family”可知，作者来自中产阶级家庭，所以应是过着舒适的生活。故选C项。
5.disappointment失望；anger愤怒；loneliness孤独；despair绝望。根据后文“when they don’t get enough to eat”可知，吃不饱饭时，应是绝望的。故选D项。
解析
I clearly remembered 6 a distance on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program before they 7 at 7 pm.
6.A.running B.measuring
C.keeping D.walking
7.A.opened B.closed
C.refused D.retired
√
√
6.run跑；measure测量；keep保持；walk步行。根据后文“to make it to a local feeding program before they at 7 pm”可知，作者需要在晚上7点之前赶到救济站，因此他需要快速到达，跑步是最合适的方式。故选A项。
7.open打开；close关门；refuse拒绝；retire退休。根据前文“I clearly remembered a distance on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program”可知，作者跑着去，应是为了在关门前赶到那里。故选B项。
解析
8 ，local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless，Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me 9 my painful experience.
8.A.Frankly B.Occasionally
C.Gradually D.Fortunately
9.A.relate B.identify
C.survive D.battle
√
√
8.frankly坦率地；occasionally偶尔；gradually逐渐地；fortunately幸运地。根据后文“local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless，Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me________my painful experience”可知，在一些慈善机构的帮助下，作者幸运地度过了这段痛苦的经历。故选D项。
9.relate联系；identify识别；survive艰难度过；battle斗争。参考上题解析。故选C项。
解析
With the 10 of these programs，I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition and 11 two degrees from Valencia.
10.A.assistance B.recognition
C.benefit D.operation
11.A.rejected B.received
C.found D.lost
√
√
10.assistance帮助；recognition识别；benefit益处；operation行动。根据前文“local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless，Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me my painful experience”以及后文“I was accepted...through the Coalition”可知，应是在这些项目的帮助下，作者获得了大学奖学金。故选A项。
11.reject拒绝；receive收到；find发现；lose丢失。根据前文“I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition”可知，作者获得了大学奖学金，所以此处应是获得了瓦伦西亚大学的两个学位。故选B项。
解析
My experience 12 me to the fact that help meant everything to people in need and inspired me to be 13 helping others.
12.A.awoke B.applied
C.offered D.sent
13.A.impressed by B.concerned about
C.devoted to D.attracted to
√
√
12.awake唤起；apply申请；offer提供；send发送。根据后文“the fact that help meant everything to people in need”可知，作者的亲身经历让他意识到帮助对于有需要的人来说至关重要，即这一经历唤醒了他对于这个问题的认识。故选A项。
13.(be) impressed by对……印象深刻；(be) concerned about关心；(be) devoted to致力于；(be) attracted to被……吸引。根据后文“I am so proud to be able to food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.”可知，作者应是致力于帮助他人。故选C项。
解析
Today，I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversee the summer 14 programs.
14.A.feeding B.school
C.camp D.vacation
√
feeding喂食；school学校；camp营地；vacation假期。根据后文“I am so proud to be able to food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.”可知，作者提供食物资源，所以应是喂食项目。故选A项。
解析
I am so proud to be able to 15 food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.
15.A.donate B.show
C.award D.deliver
√
返 回
donate捐赠；show显示；award授予；deliver递送。根据前文“I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversee the summer programs”可知，作者负责监督夏季喂食项目，所以应是为那些需要帮助的人提供食物资源。故选D项。
解析
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