资源简介

晨背知识清单
词汇 含义及拓展
diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的 [派]diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 [同]various/a variety of/varieties of/ a diversity of各种各样的
fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；财富；命运 [派]fortunate adj.幸运的；交好运的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunately adv.不幸地 fortune cookie幸运曲奇
gumbo n.秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)
nachos n.[pl.]墨西哥玉米片
chip n.(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片
cheese n.干酪；奶酪
spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的 spice n．(调味)香料
ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的
admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)；接纳；招收 [派]admission n．承认；供认；准许进入；入场费 admittedly adv.(尤用于句首)诚然；不可否认地
definitely adv.肯定；确实 definite adj.清楚的；明确的；肯定的
occur vi.发生；出现 [派]occurrence n．发生；发生的事 [同]happen/take place
downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心 adj.市中心的 n．商业区；市中心
mission n.传教(区)；重要任务；使命
district n.地区；区域
graffiti n.[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画
comic n.连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的
afterwards (NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来
head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去 [同]set off for/make one’s way to
historical adj.(有关)历史的 history n．历史(学)；履历；个人经历 [派]historic adj.历史上著名的；有历史意义的 historian n．历史学家
seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求 seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
take notes 做笔记
be made of 由……制成(可以看出原材料)
It is likely that... 很可能……
at least 至少
in addition 除此之外，另外
in fact 事实上
be influenced by 受……影响
a mix of ……的混合
earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 [派]earnings n．收入；收益 earn a living谋生
immigrant n.(外来)移民；外侨 immigrate vi.(从外国)移居，移民 [派]immigration n．移居；移民人数
select vt.选择；挑选；选拔 [派]selection n．挑选；选择；选拔 selective adj.有选择的；选择性的；精挑细选的 [同]choose/elect
china n.瓷；瓷器
jazz n.爵士乐
bar n.酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
diagram n.简图；图解；图表；示意图
journal n.日志；日记；报纸；刊物 keep a journal记日记
bring about 导致；引起 [同]lead to/cause/result in/contribute to/generate/give rise to
claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言；索要；认领 It is claimed that...据称……
series n.一系列；连续；接连 series of一系列或一连串(事件)
apart from 除了……外(还)；此外 [同]aside from/besides/except
minority n.少数民族；少数派；少数人 minor adj.次要的；较小的 [反]majority be in a/the minority占少数；成为少数派 a minority of少数
escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 vt.被忘掉 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
Atlantic adj.大西洋的
financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的 finance n．财政；金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金 [派]financially adv.财政上；经济上
poetry n.诗集；诗歌；诗作 poem n．诗 [派]poet n．诗人
jeans n.牛仔裤
boot n.靴子
mushroom n.蘑菇；蕈 vi.快速成长；快速发展
join...to... 把……和……连接起来
a bit of 一点……
can’t wait (to do sth) 迫不及待(做某事)
leave out 遗漏；不包括；忽视
hear of 听说
check out 核实；查证；结账离开
poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害 be poisonous to sb’s mind 毒害某人的思想 What is food to one man may be poison to another.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平n.褶；褶痕 [派] unfold vt.& vi.(使)展开；打开 folding adj. [只用于名词前] 可折叠的
super adv.特别；格外 adj.顶好的；超级的
collection n.作品集；收集物；收藏品 collect vt.搜集；收藏；领取 [派]collective adj.集体的；共同的 collector n．收集者；收藏家
accessory n.配饰；附件；配件
souvenir n.纪念物；纪念品
percentage n.百分率；百分比
climate n.气候；[常用单数]风气；环境气氛
mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的；(天气)温暖的；味淡的
settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)；坐下 [派]settlement n．定居点；协议；解决 settler n．移民；殖民者
construction n.建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构 construct vt.建筑；修建；建造 [派]reconstruct vt.重建；修复 reconstruction n．重建；修复 under construction在建设中
material n.材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的
to name but a few 仅举几例
tai chi (also t’ai chi)太极拳
clothing n.衣服；服装 (是服装的统称，泛指服装或某些服装，为不可数名词)
herbal adj.药草的；香草的 herb n．药草；香草 Chinese herbal medicine中草药
suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装 [派]suitable adj.合适的；适当的 unsuitable adj.不合适的 [同]fit/match
(at) first hand 第一手；亲自
item n.项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
contain vt.包含；含有；容纳；抑制；控制 [派]container n．容器 [同]include
neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的 [派]neatly adv.整洁地；巧妙地；简洁地
depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于
turn into 变成；成为
in real life 在现实生活中
varieties of 各种各样的
be located in/on 位于……；坐落于……
be home to 是……的栖息地/产地/家园
put up 举起；公布；张贴(布告、相片等)；搭建；留宿
be supposed to do sth 应该做某事
描述 significant adj.意义深远的　　expand v．扩展；扩大　　　 policy n．政策 nationality n．国籍 race n．种族 absorb v．吸收 multicultural adj.多元文化的 cultural diversity文化多样性 dream of/about梦想 have a real taste of真正地体验 be proud of/take pride in因……自豪 in search of 寻找 experience...(at) first hand亲身体验…… the trend of globalization全球化趋势 a place with rich cultural diversity一个文化多元的地方 a very popular tourist attraction/draw一个非常受欢迎的旅游胜地 explore the interesting sights，sounds and smell of...探索……的有趣的景象、声音和气味
影响 crowd into涌入　make a contribution to为……做贡献　a mix of...……的融合 develop the cultural awareness培养文化意识　play a part/role in在……中发挥作用 in the process of在……进程中　a melting pot熔炉(指多个民族、多种思想等融合的地方或状况) have chances to experience cultures and customs有机会体验不同的文化和习俗 promote intercultural communication and cooperation促进跨文化交流与合作 lead to misunderstanding across languages and cultures导致跨语言、跨文化的误解 bring about conflicting values and lifestyles导致相互冲突的价值观和生活方式
Although only a small percentage of people supported him，the young man wearing jeans and boots still headed to a big city，where he claimed to seek his fortune.Standing on the busy street，he couldn’t contain his inner fright but whispered to himself determinedly，“Now that you can’t receive financial support from your family，you have no one to seek help except yourself.” To earn a living，he found a job on a construction site.Apart from that，he was admitted as a waiter in a restaurant in the evening.While diverse challenges occurred，he never forgot his love for poetry.While working with his colleagues，he gathered a collection of writing materials for his poem series at first hand.Afterwards，he had the fortune to publish them in a famous journal，which became very popular with young people and inspired them to work hard to achieve their missions in real life. Meanwhile，his wealth was mushrooming. Everyone agrees that it definitely is his determination and hard work that bring about changes in his life.
Now，he has settled down in a rich district with a mild climate，and he always selects super ethnic suits to wear. After washing his clothes，he would fold them neatly. In his free time，he practises tai chi，reads funny historical comics，or buys daily items in a downtown shopping mall. He also likes fine china. Sometimes he goes to a bar where he can enjoy jazz and eat chips，cheese，spicy snacks，and fortune cookies，to name but a few.
Certainly we can’t escape meeting with a diversity of hardships，but if you try，you can earn success and others’ respect.
虽然只有一小部分人支持他，但这个穿着牛仔裤和靴子的年轻人仍然前往大城市，他声称要在那里闯世界。站在熙熙攘攘的街道上，他抑制不住内心的恐惧，但坚定地低声对自己说：“既然你不能从家里得到经济上的支持，除了你自己，你没有人可以求助了。”为了谋生，他在建筑工地找了一份工作。除此之外，他晚上还在一家餐馆当服务员。尽管遇到了各种各样的挑战，但他从未忘记自己对诗歌的热爱。在与同事一起工作时，他亲自收集了一系列诗歌的写作材料。后来，他有幸在一本著名的杂志上发表了这些作品，这些作品受到了年轻人的欢迎，并激励他们在现实生活中努力完成自己的使命。与此同时，他的财富如雨后春笋般增长。每个人都认为确实是他的决心和努力给他的生活带来了变化。 现在，他定居在一个气候温和的富人区，他总是选择穿顶好的民族服装。洗完衣服后，他会把衣服叠得整整齐齐。空闲时，他会打太极，看有趣的历史漫画杂志，或者在市中心的购物中心购买日常用品。他也喜欢精美的瓷器。有时他会去酒吧，在那里他可以欣赏爵士乐，吃薯条、奶酪、辛辣的小吃和幸运饼干，等等。 当然，我们无法避免遇到各种各样的困难，但如果你尝试，你就可以赢得成功和别人的尊重。
Period 1　Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the interview on P26 and choose the best answer.
1．What are they talking about
A．A mixture of cultures.
B．Food invented in America.
C．Cultural influences on American food.
答案　C
2．Which of the following was a mix of American and Mexican cultures
A．Nachos.
B．Gumbo.
C．Fortune cookies.
答案　A
3．Where can people find fortune cookies
A．In a supermarket in San Francisco.
B．In a Chinese restaurant in the USA.
C．In a Japanese restaurant in Germany.
答案　B
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the interview on P26 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Interviewer：Today our guest is Steve Fox.He’s here to talk about cultural influences on American food.Welcome，Steve!
Steve：Thank you.It’s nice to be here.
Interviewer：When it comes to 1.American food，some say no food was ever invented in America.What do you think
Steve：Hmm...That’s not really true.For example，some say the hamburger 2.comes from Hamburg in Germany，but they’re wrong.The recipe for the meat in a hamburger may have come from Germany，but the final hamburger we know today was 3.definitely created by Americans.
Interviewer：You mean there was a 4.mixing of cultures Food from overseas changed when it arrived in the States.
Steve：Right.And there are 5.many more examples of mixed-culture dishes.Like nachos，for example.
Interviewer：Oh，I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!
Steve：Yes，they’re delicious，but they’re not traditional Mexican food.The 6.recipe was actually invented by a Mexican cook for his American customers.Then there are fortune cookies...
Interviewer：What do you mean
Steve：They’re not Chinese.
Interviewer：You’re kidding！But every Chinese restaurant in America has them!
Steve：Yes，but they’re unknown in China.About 100 years ago，someone in San Francisco put a piece of paper 7.with a fortune on it inside a Japanese-style cookie，and the fortune cookie was born!
Interviewer：Wow！That’s interesting！So they’re like a mix of the Chinese，American，and Japanese cultures.
Steve：You got it.And then we have gumbo，the spicy stew.It was invented in New Orleans over 200 years ago，and mixes French，African，Native American，and 8.Spanish cooking.
Interviewer：So it’s the food of many different cultures，all in one dish
Steve：Exactly.American cooking often mixes things from around the world to make something completely new.
Ⅲ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the conversation on P31 and choose the best answer.
1．What are Justin and Wu Yue doing
A．Enjoying Miao people’s performance.
B．Talking about a collection of Chinese poetry.
C．Talking about their favourite musical instrument.
答案　A
2．What does Justin want to buy as souvenirs
A．Lusheng.
B．Silver accessories.
C．Traditional hand-made clothing.
答案　B
3．Where are they planning to go
A．Zhaoxing.
B．A bridge in the rain.
C．A Dai minority village.
答案　A
Ⅳ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the conversation on P31 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
LISTENING PART 1
Justin：Hey，Wu Yue，do you know what kind of instrument these Miao performers are playing
Wu Yue：Yes，it’s called a lusheng，my favourite 1.musical instrument.
Justin：It sounds beautiful.Is it made of 2.bamboo
Wu Yue：Yes.Can you guess when it was invented
Justin：Um...five hundred years ago？I can’t tell.I know China has 3.a very long history.
Wu Yue：That’s a good guess，but the lusheng actually has a history of over 3,000 years.It’s even 4.mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry.
Justin：Wow，such a long time ago.There must be many beautiful songs.
Wu Yue：Yes，indeed，and they all 5.make me proud.You know，I’m a Miao，too，and I’m really proud of our culture.Look，the performers are performing the lusheng dance.[Music.]
Justin：This is great！And I really like the silver accessories that the girls 6.are wearing.What are they
Wu Yue：Oh，they’re 7.traditional hand-made accessories.I can help you buy some as 8.souvenirs if you like.
Justin：Great，thanks！I hope they’re not too expensive.
Wu Yue：Oh，well，it’ll depend on the percentage of 9.silver.
LISTENING PART 2
[A few minutes later.]
Justin：Great，now I have my souvenirs.So where are we going next，Wu Yue
Wu Yue：I’m taking you to Zhaoxing，a pretty Dong minority village.It’s considered one of China’s most 10.beautiful villages.
Justin：Great，I can’t wait.There must be a lot to see.
Wu Yue：There is.First，I’ll take you to see the beautiful drum towers，and then the wind and rain 11.bridges.The Dong play the lusheng，too.Perhaps you’ll see them perform the Grand Song of the Dong People.Believe me，you’ll love it.
Justin：Wow，I’m really 12.looking forward to it now.
停顿
为了使表达更清楚或出于换气的需要，人们在说话时需要停顿。要掌握停顿就需要理解以下概念：
1．意群：一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分成几个部分，每一个部分称为一个意群。意群之间可以用“|”符号来隔开，同一意群中的各个词之间不能停顿。
意群主要有以下类型：
(1)冠词和名词There is|a coat.
(2)形容词和名词It’s my|new dress.
(3)助动词和实义动词He will come|next Monday.
(4)系动词和表语Tom|looks happy.
(5)介词和它的宾语He doesn’t work|on Saturday.
(6)动词不定式It is hard|to be a doctor.
(7)副词和动词、形容词和副词A week|passed very quickly.
(8)分词短语He is|holding a book.
(9)动词及其主语或宾语Mary sings a song|in English.
(10)关系词与从句、连词及后面部分We sweat|when it is hot.
2．气群：凡是一口气能说完或者读完的一个句子，或句子的一大部分，称为一个气群。一个气群一般包括若干个意群，说话或者朗读时气长的人可念完一个很长的句子而不停顿，但最短的气群不得少于一个意群。气群用“||”表示。
(1)Both my brother and I|are fond of tennis.||
(2)He was cheered|by the large crowd|which assembled at the station.||
作业1
[分值：37.5分]
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(此篇精读)(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
It keeps what’s inside a mystery until you open it.There are usually toys in mystery boxes；but now，food has been added to the list.
Recently，the ①trend of “②leftover mystery boxes” has become popular in many Chinese cities such as Beijing，Nanjing and Chengdu.Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.
“We make the leftover mystery boxes ③available to buy at the end of the day，” Wu Tian，a staff member at a convenience chain store in Beijing，told China Daily.The food，such as milk，bread and sandwiches，is sold at about half the original price and is usually sold out quickly.Many bakeries have also joined the “mystery box club”．
“Due to their low cost，leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers，” Hong Yong，a Commerce Ministry expert，told China Daily.“They also follow zero-waste and environmental protection concepts.”
In 2021，China’s total food waste was 160 million tons，averaging 93 grams per meal per person.Since the Anti-Food Waste Law ④took effect in April 2021，awareness of food waste reduction has risen.Leftover mystery boxes are an effective way to ⑤tackle food waste.
However，some people have raised food security concerns.If consumers buy a food mystery box for their breakfast the next morning，even if the food looks fine at the moment，it may have gone bad overnight.Moreover，food made in the store，such as bread，isn’t labeled with the production date in many cases，according to China Consumer News.If a consumer unpacks a mystery box and discovers that the food tastes bad or has already passed the last date，then it will be difficult for them to protect their rights，such as getting money back.
Only by considering both food safety and consumer rights can mystery blind boxes achieve a win-win situation for both buyers and sellers，commented China Youth Daily.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国许多城市近期流行的“剩食盲盒”现象，探讨了其原因、好处以及存在的问题。
1．What does the underlined word “expiration” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Buying. B．Ending.
C．Producing. D．Selling.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.”中“nearing its...date”和“at low prices”并结合常识可推知，临近保质期限的食物才会以低价出售。故expiration与ending同义，意为“结束”。故选B项。
2．What leads to the rise of the trend of “leftover mystery boxes”？
A．It offers customers lower prices for unsold food.
B．Stores make the leftover mystery boxes available at night.
C．People find such food as milk and bread more attractive.
D．It goes against the concept of zero-waste and environmental protection.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.”和第四段中“Due to their low cost，leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers”可推知，“剩食盲盒”的兴起是因为商家以低价出售未售出的食物或临期的食物，这吸引了消费者。故选A项。
3．Why are some people worried about customers buying a food mystery box
A．Because customers’ rights are hard to protect.
B．Because the food has gone bad when it’s bought.
C．Because the production dates are not clear enough.
D．Because customers cannot get a refund in many cases.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“If a consumer unpacks a mystery box and discovers that the food tastes bad or has already passed the last date，then it will be difficult for them to protect their rights，such as getting money back.”可知，一些人对购买食品盲盒感到担忧是因为消费者的权益很难保护。故选A项。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the leftover mystery boxes
A．Supportive. B．Disapproving.
C．Objective. D．Doubtful.
答案　C
解析　观点态度题。文章第四段中的“Due to their low cost，leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers”以及“They also follow...concepts.”和第五段中的“Leftover mystery boxes are an effective way to tackle food waste.”表达了对“剩食盲盒”的肯定，第六段表达了对它的担忧，由此可知，作者对待“剩食盲盒”的态度是客观的。故选C项。
[语境猜词] ①trend n.趋势；趋向；倾向 ②leftover n.吃剩的食物 ③available adj.有空的；可利用的；可获得的 本文为此义 ④take effect生效 ⑤tackle v.处理；解决 难题或局面 [句式分析] If consumers buy a food mystery box for their breakfast the next morning，even if the food looks fine at the moment，it may have gone bad overnight. 分析：此句为复合句。if引导条件状语从句；even if引导让步状语从句。 翻译：如果消费者第二天早上买了一个食物盲盒作为早餐，即使这些食品此刻看起来很好，也可能一夜之间就变质了。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How Sociologists Define Culture
Sociologists recognize that culture plays a crucial role in our social lives.It is important for shaping social relationships，maintaining social order，and in shaping our actions and experiences in society. 1
In brief，sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs，language and practices that are shared in common.Expanding on these categories，culture is made up of our knowledge，common sense，the norms and morals；the symbols we use to express meaning and ideas. 2 It informs how we carry our bodies and interact with others；how we behave depending on the place，time and “audience”．Culture includes the practices we participate in as well，such as religious ceremonies and the celebration of holidays.
3 This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things，from buildings，technological gadgets and clothing，to film，music，literature and art，etc.Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.
Sociologists see the two sides of culture—the material and non-material—as closely connected.Material culture emerges from the non-material aspects. 4 But it is not a one-way relationship between the two sides.Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects.For example，a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs. 5 What has come before in terms of music，film，television and art influences the values and beliefs of those who interact with them，which then，in turn，influence the creation of additional cultural products.
A．This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.
B．It is composed of both non-material and material things.
C．Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.
D．Without culture，we would not have relationships or society.
E．Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.
F．Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.
G．In other words，what we value and believe influences the things that we make.
1．答案　B
解析　第一段主要强调了文化在社会生活中的重要性，第二段中“In brief，sociologists...shared in common.”提到了文化在非物质方面的表现，结合第四段首句可知，文化在社会学上表现为物质和非物质两个方面。B项(它由非物质的和物质的东西组成)可作为第一段的段尾句同时引起第二段关于文化的两个方面的内容，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
2．答案　C
解析　设空处前文提到文化在非物质方面表现为价值观、信仰、语言等。后文“It informs...celebration of holidays.”提到文化影响我们的行为举止。C项(文化也是我们所做的以及我们的行为和表现方式)使上下文紧密衔接，该项提到的“behave and perform”对应后文中出现的“interact with others”等，符合语境。故选C。
3．答案　E
解析　下文“This aspect of...literature and art，etc.Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.”提到通过建筑、科技等方式体现的文化指的是文化的物质方面，E项(物质文化是由人类制造和使用的东西组成的)符合该段主旨，可引起后文。故选E。
4．答案　G
解析　前文“Material culture emerges from the non-material aspects.”说明非物质文化对物质文化有影响，G项(换句话说，我们的价值观和信念影响着我们的产品)是对上文观点的进一步阐述，起到承上启下的作用，故选G。
5．答案　A
解析　前文提到一部好的纪录片可能会改变人的态度和信仰，后文提到音乐、电影、电视等方面已经出现的东西影响着与它们互动的人的价值观和信仰，而这些价值观和信仰又反过来影响其他文化产品的创造。由此判断文化产品的产生也受一定价值观、信仰等方面的影响。A项(这就是为什么文化产品倾向于遵循模式)既是对前文的总结，又可以引出后文的具体例子。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese food has taken the world by storm.Today，Chinese food has almost become a way of life，with fried rice，noodles，and so on making their way to the favorite food list of many people.Nowadays，there are many restaurants worldwide 1. (serve) Chinese food.And it is not just in restaurants 2. Chinese food is popular.Chinese food can also be widely found in roadside stalls(货摊)．
You may wonder why Chinese food is so popular.The main root of the answer first lies 3.___________ the fact that Chinese food offers different kinds of 4. (dish)．Another key reason is that Chinese food tastes very good.And most people just can’t refuse 5. .Besides，Chinese food has a long history and is a complex food category(种类)，containing years of the Chinese people’s 6. (wise)．Last but not least，Chinese food is 7. (general) cheap and healthy，which also leads to many people making a decision 8.___________(try) Chinese food.
Because of its popularity，Chinese food has become a 9. (value) tool that makes China known to the world.With more people learning about China，in turn，Chinese food 10.____________(appreciate) by more people in the long run.
1．答案　serving
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处需要现在分词作后置定语，故填serving。
2．答案　that
解析　考查连词。分析可知此处是一个强调句，根据强调句结构“it is/was ＋强调对象＋that＋其他”可知，此处填that。
3．答案　in
解析　考查介词。lie in意为“在于”，故填介词in。
4．答案　dishes
解析　考查名词。根据“different kinds of”可知，此处需要填dish的复数形式dishes。
5．答案　it
解析　考查代词。分析语境可知，此处需要用代词it指代Chinese food。
6．答案　wisdom
解析　考查名词。此处需要名词作宾语，故填wisdom。
7．答案　generally
解析　考查副词。分析可知，此处需要作状语，应用副词修饰谓语，故填generally。
8．答案　to try
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处需要动词不定式作decision的后置定语，修饰名词tool，故填to try。
9．答案　valuable
解析　考查形容词。此处需要形容词作定语，修饰名词tool，故填valuable。
10．答案　will be appreciated
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。根据“in the long run”可知，用一般将来时；再根据food和appreciate之间是动宾关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be appreciated。(共56张PPT)
Period 1
Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
Diverse cultures
Unit 3
内容索引
Part 1　听力变式训练
Part 2　读音规则解读
作业1
听力变式训练
Listen to the interview on P26 and choose the best answer.
1.What are they talking about
A.A mixture of cultures.
B.Food invented in America.
C.Cultural influences on American food.
√
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
2.Which of the following was a mix of American and Mexican cultures
A.Nachos.
B.Gumbo.
C.Fortune cookies.
√
3.Where can people find fortune cookies
A.In a supermarket in San Francisco.
B.In a Chinese restaurant in the USA.
C.In a Japanese restaurant in Germany.
√
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the interview on P26 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Interviewer：Today our guest is Steve Fox.He’s here to talk about cultural influences on American food.Welcome，Steve!
Steve：Thank you.It’s nice to be here.
Interviewer：When it comes to 1. ，some say no food was ever invented in America.What do you think
American food
Steve：Hmm...That’s not really true.For example，some say the hamburger 2. Hamburg in Germany，but they’re wrong.The recipe for the meat in a hamburger may have come from Germany，but the final hamburger we know today was 3. created by Americans.
Interviewer：You mean there was a 4. of cultures Food from overseas changed when it arrived in the States.
Steve：Right.And there are 5. of mixed-culture dishes.Like nachos，for example.
comes from
definitely
mixing
many more examples
Interviewer：Oh，I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!
Steve：Yes，they’re delicious，but they’re not traditional Mexican food.The 6. was actually invented by a Mexican cook for his American customers.Then there are fortune cookies...
Interviewer：What do you mean
Steve：They’re not Chinese.
Interviewer：You’re kidding！But every Chinese restaurant in America has them!
recipe
Steve：Yes，but they’re unknown in China.About 100 years ago，someone in San Francisco put a piece of paper 7. on it inside a Japanese-style cookie，and the fortune cookie was born!
Interviewer：Wow！That’s interesting！So they’re like a mix of the Chinese，American，and Japanese cultures.
Steve：You got it.And then we have gumbo，the spicy stew.It was invented in New Orleans over 200 years ago，and mixes French，African，Native American，and 8. .
with a fortune
Spanish cooking
Interviewer：So it’s the food of many different cultures，all in one dish
Steve：Exactly.American cooking often mixes things from around the world to make something completely new.
Listen to the conversation on P31 and choose the best answer.
1.What are Justin and Wu Yue doing
A.Enjoying Miao people’s performance.
B.Talking about a collection of Chinese poetry.
C.Talking about their favourite musical instrument.
√
Ⅲ.选择填空(高考形式)
2.What does Justin want to buy as souvenirs
A.Lusheng.
B.Silver accessories.
C.Traditional hand-made clothing.
√
3.Where are they planning to go
A.Zhaoxing.
B.A bridge in the rain.
C.A Dai minority village.
√
Listen to the conversation on P31 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
LISTENING PART 1
Justin：Hey，Wu Yue，do you know what kind of instrument these Miao performers are playing
Wu Yue：Yes，it’s called a lusheng，my favourite 1. .
Justin：It sounds beautiful.Is it made of 2.
Wu Yue：Yes.Can you guess when it was invented
Ⅳ.听力填空(精听训练)
musical instrument
bamboo
Justin：Um...five hundred years ago？I can’t tell.I know China has
3. .
Wu Yue：That’s a good guess，but the lusheng actually has a history of over 3,000 years.It’s even 4. in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry.
Justin：Wow，such a long time ago.There must be many beautiful songs.
Wu Yue：Yes，indeed，and they all 5. .You know，I’m a Miao，too，and I’m really proud of our culture.Look，the performers are performing the lusheng dance.[Music.]
a very long history
mentioned
make me proud
Justin：This is great！And I really like the silver accessories that the girls 6. .What are they
Wu Yue：Oh，they’re 7. hand-made accessories.I can help you buy some as 8. if you like.
Justin：Great，thanks！I hope they’re not too expensive.
Wu Yue：Oh，well，it’ll depend on the percentage of 9. .
are wearing
traditional
souvenirs
silver
LISTENING PART 2
[A few minutes later.]
Justin：Great，now I have my souvenirs.So where are we going next，Wu Yue
Wu Yue：I’m taking you to Zhaoxing，a pretty Dong minority village.It’s considered one of China’s most 10. .
Justin：Great，I can’t wait.There must be a lot to see.
beautiful villages
Wu Yue：There is.First，I’ll take you to see the beautiful drum towers，and then the wind and rain 11. .The Dong play the lusheng，too.Perhaps you’ll see them perform the Grand Song of the Dong People.Believe me，you’ll love it.
Justin：Wow，I’m really 12. it now.
bridges
looking forward to
返 回
读音规则解读
停顿
为了使表达更清楚或出于换气的需要，人们在说话时需要停顿。要掌握停顿就需要理解以下概念：
1.意群：一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分成几个部分，每一个部分称为一个意群。意群之间可以用“|”符号来隔开，同一意群中的各个词之间不能停顿。
意群主要有以下类型：
(1)冠词和名词There is|a coat.
(2)形容词和名词It’s my|new dress.
(3)助动词和实义动词He will come|next Monday.
(4)系动词和表语Tom|looks happy.
(5)介词和它的宾语He doesn’t work|on Saturday.
(6)动词不定式It is hard|to be a doctor.
(7)副词和动词、形容词和副词A week|passed very quickly.
(8)分词短语He is|holding a book.
(9)动词及其主语或宾语Mary sings a song|in English.
(10)关系词与从句、连词及后面部分We sweat|when it is hot.
2.气群：凡是一口气能说完或者读完的一个句子，或句子的一大部分，称为一个气群。一个气群一般包括若干个意群，说话或者朗读时气长的人可念完一个很长的句子而不停顿，但最短的气群不得少于一个意群。气群用“||”表示。
(1)Both my brother and I|are fond of tennis.||
(2)He was cheered|by the large crowd|which assembled at the station.||
返 回
作业1
It keeps what’s inside a mystery until you open it.There are usually toys in mystery boxes；but now，food has been added to the list.
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(此篇精读)
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国许多城市近期流行的“剩食盲盒”现象，探讨了其原因、好处以及存在的问题。
Recently，the ①trend of “②leftover mystery boxes” has become popular in many Chinese cities such as Beijing，Nanjing and Chengdu.Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.
“We make the leftover mystery boxes ③available to buy at the end of the day，” Wu Tian，a staff member at a convenience chain store in Beijing，told China Daily.The food，such as milk，bread and sandwiches，is sold at about half the original price and is usually sold out quickly.Many bakeries have also joined the “mystery box club”.
“Due to their low cost，leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers，” Hong Yong，a Commerce Ministry expert，told China Daily.“They also follow zero-waste and environmental protection concepts.”
In 2021，China’s total food waste was 160 million tons，averaging 93 grams per meal per person.Since the Anti-Food Waste Law ④took effect in April 2021，awareness of food waste reduction has risen.Leftover mystery boxes are an effective way to ⑤tackle food waste.
However，some people have raised food security concerns.If consumers buy a food mystery box for their breakfast the next morning，even if the food looks fine at the moment，it may have gone bad overnight.Moreover，food made in the store，such as bread，isn’t labeled with the production date in many cases，according to China Consumer News.If a consumer unpacks a mystery box and discovers that the food tastes bad or has already passed the last date，then it will be difficult for them to protect their rights，such as getting money back.
Only by considering both food safety and consumer rights can mystery blind boxes achieve a win-win situation for both buyers and sellers，commented China Youth Daily.
1.What does the underlined word “expiration” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Buying. B.Ending.
C.Producing. D.Selling.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.”中“nearing its...date”和“at low prices”并结合常识可推知，临近保质期限的食物才会以低价出售。故expiration与ending同义，意为“结束”。故选B项。
解析
2.What leads to the rise of the trend of “leftover mystery boxes”？
A.It offers customers lower prices for unsold food.
B.Stores make the leftover mystery boxes available at night.
C.People find such food as milk and bread more attractive.
D.It goes against the concept of zero-waste and environmental protection.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Stores pack boxes full of unsold food or food nearing its expiration date at low prices.”和第四段中“Due to their low cost，leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers”可推知，“剩食盲盒”的兴起是因为商家以低价出售未售出的食物或临期的食物，这吸引了消费者。故选A项。
解析
3.Why are some people worried about customers buying a food mystery box
A.Because customers’ rights are hard to protect.
B.Because the food has gone bad when it’s bought.
C.Because the production dates are not clear enough.
D.Because customers cannot get a refund in many cases.
√
细节理解题。根据第六段中的“If a consumer unpacks a mystery box and discovers that the food tastes bad or has already passed the last date，then it will be difficult for them to protect their rights，such as getting money back.”可知，一些人对购买食品盲盒感到担忧是因为消费者的权益很难保护。故选A项。
解析
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the leftover mystery boxes
A.Supportive. B.Disapproving.
C.Objective. D.Doubtful.
√
观点态度题。文章第四段中的“Due to their low cost，leftover mystery boxes are promising as a new business model and attract consumers”以及“They also follow...concepts.”和第五段中的“Leftover mystery boxes are an effective way to tackle food waste.”表达了对“剩食盲盒”的肯定，第六段表达了对它的担忧，由此可知，作者对待“剩食盲盒”的态度是客观的。故选C项。
解析
①trend n._________________
②leftover n.____________
③available adj.有空的；可利用的；__________(本文为此义)
④take effect _____
⑤tackle v._______________________
语境猜词
趋势；趋向；倾向
吃剩的食物
可获得的
生效
处理；解决(难题或局面)
If consumers buy a food mystery box for their breakfast the next morning，even if the food looks fine at the moment，it may have gone bad overnight.
分析：此句为 句。if引导 从句；even if引导 从句。
翻译：________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
条件状语
如果消费者第二天早上买了一个食物盲盒作为早餐，即使这些食品此刻看起来很好，也可能一夜之间就变质了。
让步状语
How Sociologists Define Culture
Sociologists recognize that culture plays a crucial role in our social lives.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会学概念中文化的各种形式以及内容。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
It is important for shaping social relationships，maintaining social order，and in shaping our actions and experiences in society. 1
A.This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.
B.It is composed of both non-material and material things.
C.Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.
D.Without culture，we would not have relationships or society.
E.Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.
F.Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.
G.In other words，what we value and believe influences the things that we
make.
√
第一段主要强调了文化在社会生活中的重要性，第二段中“In brief，sociologists...shared in common.”提到了文化在非物质方面的表现，结合第四段首句可知，文化在社会学上表现为物质和非物质两个方面。B项(它由非物质的和物质的东西组成)可作为第一段的段尾句同时引起第二段关于文化的两个方面的内容，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
解析
In brief，sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs，language and practices that are shared in common.Expanding on these categories，culture is made up of our knowledge，common sense，the norms and morals；the symbols we use to express meaning and ideas.
2 It informs how we carry our bodies and interact with others；how we behave depending on the place，time and “audience”.Culture includes the practices we participate in as well，such as religious ceremonies and the celebration of holidays.
A.This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.
B.It is composed of both non-material and material things.
C.Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.
D.Without culture，we would not have relationships or society.
E.Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.
F.Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.
G.In other words，what we value and believe influences the things that we make.
√
设空处前文提到文化在非物质方面表现为价值观、信仰、语言等。后文“It informs...celebration of holidays.”提到文化影响我们的行为举止。C项(文化也是我们所做的以及我们的行为和表现方式)使上下文紧密衔接，该项提到的“behave and perform”对应后文中出现的“interact with others”等，符合语境。故选C。
解析
3 This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things，from buildings，technological gadgets and clothing，to film，music，literature and art，etc.Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.
A.This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.
B.It is composed of both non-material and material things.
C.Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.
D.Without culture，we would not have relationships or society.
E.Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.
F.Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.
G.In other words，what we value and believe influences the things that we make.
√
下文“This aspect of...literature and art，etc.Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.”提到通过建筑、科技等方式体现的文化指的是文化的物质方面，E项(物质文化是由人类制造和使用的东西组成的)符合该段主旨，可引起后文。故选E。
解析
Sociologists see the two sides of culture—the material and non-material—as closely connected.Material culture emerges from the non-material aspects. 4 But it is not a one-way relationship between the two sides.
A.This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.
B.It is composed of both non-material and material things.
C.Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.
D.Without culture，we would not have relationships or society.
E.Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.
F.Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.
G.In other words，what we value and believe influences the things that we
make.
√
前文“Material culture emerges from the non-material aspects.”说明非物质文化对物质文化有影响，G项(换句话说，我们的价值观和信念影响着我们的产品)是对上文观点的进一步阐述，起到承上启下的作用，故选G。
解析
Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects.For example，a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs. 5 What has come before in terms of music，film，television and art influences the values and beliefs of those who interact with them，which then，in turn，influence the creation of additional cultural products.
A.This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.
B.It is composed of both non-material and material things.
C.Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.
D.Without culture，we would not have relationships or society.
E.Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.
F.Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.
G.In other words，what we value and believe influences the things that we make.
√
前文提到一部好的纪录片可能会改变人的态度和信仰，后文提到音乐、电影、电视等方面已经出现的东西影响着与它们互动的人的价值观和信仰，而这些价值观和信仰又反过来影响其他文化产品的创造。由此判断文化产品的产生也受一定价值观、信仰等方面的影响。A项(这就是为什么文化产品倾向于遵循模式)既是对前文的总结，又可以引出后文的具体例子。故选A。
解析
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese food has taken the world by storm.Today，Chinese food has almost become a way of life，with fried rice，noodles，and so on making their way to the favorite food list of many people.Nowadays，there are many restaurants worldwide 1. (serve) Chinese food.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。中国菜肴正变得越来越受欢迎，本文分析了其中的一些原因。
serving
考查非谓语动词。此处需要现在分词作后置定语，故填serving。
解析
And it is not just in restaurants 2. Chinese food is popular.Chinese food can also be widely found in roadside stalls(货摊).
考查连词。分析可知此处是一个强调句，根据强调句结构“it is/was ＋强调对象＋that＋其他”可知，此处填that。
解析
that
You may wonder why Chinese food is so popular.The main root of the answer first lies 3.________ the fact that Chinese food offers different kinds of 4. (dish).
in
3.考查介词。lie in意为“在于”，故填介词in。
4.考查名词。根据“different kinds of”可知，此处需要填dish的复数形式dishes。
解析
dishes
Another key reason is that Chinese food tastes very good.And most people just can’t refuse 5. .Besides，Chinese food has a long history and is a complex food category(种类)，containing years of the Chinese people’s 6. (wise).
it
wisdom
5.考查代词。分析语境可知，此处需要用代词it指代Chinese food。
6.考查名词。此处需要名词作宾语，故填wisdom。
解析
Last but not least，Chinese food is 7. (general) cheap and healthy，which also leads to many people making a decision 8._________
(try) Chinese food.
generally
to try
7.考查副词。分析可知，此处需要作状语，应用副词修饰谓语，故填generally。
8.考查非谓语动词。此处需要动词不定式作decision的后置定语，修饰名词tool，故填to try。
解析
Because of its popularity，Chinese food has become a 9. (value) tool that makes China known to the world.
valuable
考查形容词。此处需要形容词作定语，修饰名词tool，故填valuable。
解析
With more people learning about China，in turn，Chinese food 10.__________________(appreciate) by more people in the long run.
will be appreciated
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“in the long run”可知，用一般将来时；再根据food和appreciate之间是动宾关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be appreciated。
解析
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