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单元素养检测(六)(Unit 6)
(100分钟　120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　People living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in the country each year. Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do can either benefit or harm the environment.
While on holiday
Many of the things you can do to be greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals. Here are some suggestions:
·Making the most of locally produced food and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport.
·Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect.
　　·Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats.
Endangered species
Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals. Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts. More details of the types of products to avoid and illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage.
Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting
There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment.
·There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats.
·When you are away, or if you are looking for somewhere to visit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects.
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了旅游时必须做到保护环境、保护野生动物。
1. What can we do to help reduce climate change effect according to the passage
A. Save electricity.
B. Go around on foot.
C. Make good use of water.
D. Buy local food and drink.
2. Why should we check the gifts and foods before buying them
A. Sometimes they are of poor quality.
B. They may not be typical local products.
C. Some of them will do harm to our health.
D. They may be made from endangered animals or plants.
3. What can we infer from the passage
A. It is not easy for people to travel abroad.
B. Not everyone can tell an illegal souvenir.
C. Green holidays have been accepted by people.
D. Volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats.
B
Experts predict nine billion people will live on our planet by 2050. They say by that time demand for food will be two times what it is now. Officials are worried about that prediction because many people already suffer from a lack of food. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry.
A solution to the problem may be as close as our forests. A new report says forests could help reduce hunger and improve nutrition if they are properly managed.
Bhaskar Vira is the director of the University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute and an expert of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). It recently released a report at the United Nations about forest and jungle foods.
Mr Vira says crops that grow on trees can help feed people living in and around forests. “It’s like an insurance policy. Having access to those tree-based foods is hugely important when you can’t buy food from other sources or when you can’t produce food because your fields have failed. ”
The report says that forest health and economic value improve when people who live in or near forests are given greater control of them. For example, a project in Ghana aims for proper management of forests and fields together. The people involved hope to grow the Allanblackia plant. The oil from its seed can be used in soap, beauty products and food.
Okai Michael Henchard leads the project. He says he will help people who live nearby. He says they earn money and get trees on their land. The trees provide shade and improve air quality. Mr Henchard says the project also helps fight climate change.
【语篇概述】本文为说明文。文章讲述了面对未来人口增加导致的食物需求量增大的问题, 专家提出从森林获得食物。
4. What are officials worried about in the future
A. Pollution and starvation.
B. Population and health.
C. Great demand for food.
D. Sharp decrease of forests.
5. Which can settle the problem discussed in the text, according to Mr Vira
A. Living conditions. B. Insurance policies.
C. Tree-based foods. D. Farming fields.
6. What is the initial purpose of the project in Ghana
A. To manage forests and fields.
B. To grow the Allanblackia plant.
C. To produce more oil.
D. To beautify the environment.
7. What would be the best title for the text
A. A Solution to Controlling Population
B. Forests Can Help Feed the World
C. The Importance of Forest Health
D. The Project in Ghana Helps Natives
C
　　When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.
Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.
This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”.
Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.
Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer-science major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.
Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.
Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that would happen over their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted, ” she said. “The future isn’t going to be what they imagined. ”
【语篇概述】福恩·夏普通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化和环境问题的严重性, 同时詹妮弗·雷恩·阿特金森决定给学生开设课程, 教学生如何面对环境污染, 让更多的学生关注环境问题。
8. Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp
A. To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.
B. To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.
C. To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.
D. To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.
9. What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class
A. To explore how different people deal with climate change.
B. To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.
C. To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.
D. To teach students how to conduct research about environment.
10. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “intractable” in Para. 3
A. Simple. B. Difficult.
C. Common. D. Interesting.
11. How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon
A. It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects.
B. It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.
C. It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.
D. It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.
D
Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients. But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.
Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops. American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perennation. It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants—those that return year after year.
Soil scientist John Reganold says, “One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions. So how do you grow food on poor soils There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield. ”
Mr Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients. He says some farmers may have done more harm than good. “They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter. They’re not putting in fertilizers. They can’t afford those things. And it just runs the soil down. So they’re worsening the situation. ”
The scientist says the word perennation defines three systems that are already used in Africa. The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture. This is where farmers plant trees with their crops. Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years, and it seems to be growing in popularity. The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia. The trees are planted among maize (玉米), millet or sorghum crops. They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots, but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down. At other times of the year, the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.
John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perennation. “She’s a grandmother in her fifties. Her name is Rhoda and she started using this system about twenty years ago. And her yields initially were about a ton of maize. Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare, four times what she was getting. ”
【语篇概述】本文为一篇说明文。非洲土地有限、土壤贫瘠, 如何有效地改善土地状况, 提高农作物产量呢 本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力, 促进生产的耕作方式。
12. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To tell people how to increase production.
B. To introduce an agricultural system in Africa.
C. To introduce the oldest farming method in Africa.
D. To tell us how to prevent soil from being poor.
13. What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A. Being exposed to wind and rain.
B. Growing different crops.
C. Being polluted severely.
D. Being ploughed improperly.
14. According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG
A. Perennation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants.
B. Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production.
C. Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation.
D. American researchers first invented perennation.
15. Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda
A. To show the method is very popular in Africa.
B. Because she is an expert at farming production.
C. To prove the farming method is effective.
D. Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The dangers faced by our ocean may seem terrible. Facing pollution, climate change and other problems, what you can do alone may seem little. 　16　So, to protect the ocean, all of us should take the following suggestions.
Protect water resources. Water on earth is connected, so you can help keep the ocean healthy by using as little fertilizer (化肥) as possible when growing plants in the yard. If possible, try to look for produce grown close to where you live. Much energy is wasted in transporting foods from far away. What’s more, remember that trash we “throw away” doesn’t disappear. 　17　
Protect fish. Scientists estimate that up to 90% of large predatory fish (掠食性鱼类), those that eat other animals, have disappeared since humans began heavy fishing. 　18　 You should choose sustainable (可持续的) seafood at the supermarket and in restaurants. When fishing for your own seafood, make sure you follow all local catch limits.
Cut carbon. In other words, we should try to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide given off as you go about your daily activities. 　19　
　20　 A trip to the beach is a great way to learn more about the ocean. But when you visit, make sure you aren’t causing harm. For example, when walking on the sand, be careful of any grass and plant growing there.
A. Have fun in a responsible way.
B. To protect fish, you need to watch what you eat.
C. So don’t throw wastes into ocean.
D. Don’t buy products that are made from sea animals or animal parts.
E. But if we begin working together now, we can make a huge difference.
F. However, trash will be eaten by sea animals by accident.
G. To achieve this, we should try to walk, bike or take the bus to work or school.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类如何保护海洋。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　　While on a family canoe trip on the Fox River a few years ago, Grant and Colton Shepard were disturbed by what they saw in the water. “We were there to enjoy the　21　, ”says Grant, “ but we saw a lot of litter(垃圾). ”
The brothers, who live in Riverside, Illinois, went home and took action. They　22　the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, offering to monitor local rivers and streams carefully. They　23　training workshops to become familiar with the organisms(微生物)that are found in local　24　.
Ever since, the two boys have been taking weekly　25　from two rivers. They study them to make certain that the underwater ecosystem is　26　. Sometimes they find strange things. “We once discovered a big picnic table that had　27　underwater! ”says Grant.
It’s not just rivers that these kid volunteers　28　. They have devoted themselves to keeping their environment　29　balanced. “In the future, we’re going to need more resources. Unless we protect them now, they won’t be there for us, ” says Colton.
Every year, as part of their campaign for a cleaner world, the brothers　30　at least 100 days without using a car. Their purpose is to cut down on the　31　gases that cars give off into the air.
The brothers have also been active in helping　32　Illinois’ precious grassland. For the past two years, they have spent　33　one Saturday a month clearing away non-native plants from a 100-acre rare oak(橡木)grassland. “The plants and bushes　34　our heritage because they prevent the old oaks from growing　35　, ”says Grant.
【语篇概述】两兄弟携手保护环境, 从时时刻刻做起, 从遇到的每件事情做起。
21. A. garden　B. grass　C. beauty　D. trip
22. A. contacted B. reminded
C. informed D. interviewed
23. A. produced B. provided
C. attended D. held
24. A. forests B. lakes
C. waters D. schools
25. A. wastes B. samples
C. polluters D. liquids
26. A. in order B. in place
C. in danger D. in balance
27. A. put B. deserted
C. sunk D. left
28. A. pick out B. care about
C. look out D. take over
29. A. slightly B. regularly
C. totally D. finally
30. A. walk B. run C. choose D. go
31. A. extra B. harmful
C. useless D. various
32. A. decorate B. plough
C. design D. restore
33. A. at least B. by turns
C. as usual D. at most
34. A. destroy B. threaten
C. change D. replace
35. A. rightly B. nicely
C. properly D. separately
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2022·潍坊高一检测)
　　The topic of this programme is environmental 36. __________(protect). We human beings 37. __________(do) a lot of things at the cost of the environment to develop economy quickly in the past few years. I do think it is time for us to understand 38. __________ importance of protecting the environment and do something about it. Today I would like 39. __________(introduce)some simple but useful ways that we can follow 40. __________(easy)in our daily life.
Firstly, turn off lights if it is unnecessary. Then, go out 41. __________ environment-friendly ways such as by bus, by subway or by bike. We can even walk to work if possible, 42. __________ is really helpful for both of our budget and health. Thirdly, take a cloth bag when we go 43. __________(shop). Please don’t use plastic ones. Of course the public should raise 44. __________(environment) awareness and realize it is our duty to protect the environment. Last but not least, the government should make laws to guide people’s 45. __________(behave).
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 讲述了在我们日常生活中保护环境的几种简单易行的方法。
第三部分　写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
随着全球环境的恶化, 越来越多的人选择过“低碳生活(low-carbon life)”, 即减少二氧化碳的排放, 低能量, 低消耗, 低开支。请根据以下要点写一篇英文倡议书, 倡议你的同学加入“低碳一族”。要点如下:
1. 手洗衣服;
2. 多走楼梯, 少乘电梯;
3. 逛超市自备购物袋;
4. 步行或者骑自行车上学。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Cody and his sister April decide they want to have a pet dog. They head down to the local pet store and have a look around. It is a very small pet store that does not have many animals.
The owner of the shop is a nice old man named Mr Smith. He walks over and greets Cody and April.
“How can I help you ” he asks.
“We would like to buy a dog, ” April responds.
“Ah, well, we are not a big pet shop, ”Mr Smith tells her. “So we only have two dogs to choose from. ”
They ask Mr Smith to show them the dogs.
Mr Smith leads them to the back of the store where the two dogs are. One of them is a very big Bulldog named Buster. It looks strong and fierce. The other is a very tiny Chihuahua named Teacup. It looks cute and lovely.
April wants Teacup the Chihuahua, while Cody wants Buster the Bulldog. To make a decision, they walk outside to discuss.
Even after they have a discussion, they cannot agree on a dog. April suggests they race home for it. The winner of the race will choose the dog.
Cody agrees. Before the race starts, Cody tells April that her shoelace is untied. When April looks down, he runs off and gets a head start.
Cody runs as hard as he can. He really wants that Bulldog as a pet. He looks back. April is so far behind that he cannot even see her.
Cody finally gets home. He is tired but he is happy. He knows he is the winner.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
　　April arrives a few minutes after Cody.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　　Mr Smith tells them the details. ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ 温馨提示：
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单元素养检测(六)(Unit 6)
(100分钟　120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　People living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in the country each year. Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do can either benefit or harm the environment.
While on holiday
Many of the things you can do to be greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals. Here are some suggestions:
·Making the most of locally produced food and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport.
·Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect.
　　·Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats.
Endangered species
Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals. Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts. More details of the types of products to avoid and illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage.
Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting
There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment.
·There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats.
·When you are away, or if you are looking for somewhere to visit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects.
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了旅游时必须做到保护环境、保护野生动物。
1. What can we do to help reduce climate change effect according to the passage
A. Save electricity.
B. Go around on foot.
C. Make good use of water.
D. Buy local food and drink.
【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据While on holiday部分中的“Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect. ”可知, 关掉空调、供暖设备以及灯, 即节约用电, 有利于减少气候变化的影响。
2. Why should we check the gifts and foods before buying them
A. Sometimes they are of poor quality.
B. They may not be typical local products.
C. Some of them will do harm to our health.
D. They may be made from endangered animals or plants.
【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据Endangered species部分中的“Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals. ”可知答案为D。
3. What can we infer from the passage
A. It is not easy for people to travel abroad.
B. Not everyone can tell an illegal souvenir.
C. Green holidays have been accepted by people.
D. Volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据常识并结合Endangered species部分中的“Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts. ”可知, 并不是每个人都能辨别非法纪念品。
B
Experts predict nine billion people will live on our planet by 2050. They say by that time demand for food will be two times what it is now. Officials are worried about that prediction because many people already suffer from a lack of food. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry.
A solution to the problem may be as close as our forests. A new report says forests could help reduce hunger and improve nutrition if they are properly managed.
Bhaskar Vira is the director of the University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute and an expert of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). It recently released a report at the United Nations about forest and jungle foods.
Mr Vira says crops that grow on trees can help feed people living in and around forests. “It’s like an insurance policy. Having access to those tree-based foods is hugely important when you can’t buy food from other sources or when you can’t produce food because your fields have failed. ”
The report says that forest health and economic value improve when people who live in or near forests are given greater control of them. For example, a project in Ghana aims for proper management of forests and fields together. The people involved hope to grow the Allanblackia plant. The oil from its seed can be used in soap, beauty products and food.
Okai Michael Henchard leads the project. He says he will help people who live nearby. He says they earn money and get trees on their land. The trees provide shade and improve air quality. Mr Henchard says the project also helps fight climate change.
【语篇概述】本文为说明文。文章讲述了面对未来人口增加导致的食物需求量增大的问题, 专家提出从森林获得食物。
4. What are officials worried about in the future
A. Pollution and starvation.
B. Population and health.
C. Great demand for food.
D. Sharp decrease of forests.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句They say by that time demand for food will be two times what it is now. Officials are worried about that prediction because many people already suffer from a lack of food. 可知正确答案是 C项。
5. Which can settle the problem discussed in the text, according to Mr Vira
A. Living conditions. B. Insurance policies.
C. Tree-based foods. D. Farming fields.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段 Mr Vira 所说的话可知正确答案为 C项。
6. What is the initial purpose of the project in Ghana
A. To manage forests and fields.
B. To grow the Allanblackia plant.
C. To produce more oil.
D. To beautify the environment.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段 For example, a project in Ghana aims for proper management of forests and fields together. 可知正确答案是A项。
7. What would be the best title for the text
A. A Solution to Controlling Population
B. Forests Can Help Feed the World
C. The Importance of Forest Health
D. The Project in Ghana Helps Natives
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。本文第一段先提出未来人口增加导致食物需求量增大的问题。从第二段开始提出从森林获得食物。因此B选项为最佳答案。
C
　　When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.
Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.
This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”.
Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.
Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer-science major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.
Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.
Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that would happen over their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted, ” she said. “The future isn’t going to be what they imagined. ”
【语篇概述】福恩·夏普通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化和环境问题的严重性, 同时詹妮弗·雷恩·阿特金森决定给学生开设课程, 教学生如何面对环境污染, 让更多的学生关注环境问题。
8. Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp
A. To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.
B. To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.
C. To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.
D. To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.
【解析】选C。 推理判断题。通读第一段可知, 福恩·夏普在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化。由此可推知, 作者在第一段中提及福恩·夏普的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题。
9. What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class
A. To explore how different people deal with climate change.
B. To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.
C. To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.
D. To teach students how to conduct research about environment.
【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知由于气候变化引起环境问题使她产生了在大学开设环境保护课程的想法。由此可知, 阿特金森开设课程的目的是让学生更加关注环境问题。
10. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “intractable” in Para. 3
A. Simple. B. Difficult.
C. Common. D. Interesting.
【解析】选B。 词义猜测题。根据上文“no easy fix”以及下文的“they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们要用他们的余生来解决它。
11. How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon
A. It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects.
B. It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.
C. It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.
D. It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.
【解析】选C。 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知, 迪伦在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后, 他认为在阿特金森的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧; 由此可推知, 阿特金森的课鼓励迪伦更多地参与到环境保护中。
D
Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients. But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.
Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops. American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perennation. It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants—those that return year after year.
Soil scientist John Reganold says, “One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions. So how do you grow food on poor soils There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield. ”
Mr Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients. He says some farmers may have done more harm than good. “They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter. They’re not putting in fertilizers. They can’t afford those things. And it just runs the soil down. So they’re worsening the situation. ”
The scientist says the word perennation defines three systems that are already used in Africa. The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture. This is where farmers plant trees with their crops. Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years, and it seems to be growing in popularity. The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia. The trees are planted among maize (玉米), millet or sorghum crops. They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots, but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down. At other times of the year, the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.
John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perennation. “She’s a grandmother in her fifties. Her name is Rhoda and she started using this system about twenty years ago. And her yields initially were about a ton of maize. Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare, four times what she was getting. ”
【语篇概述】本文为一篇说明文。非洲土地有限、土壤贫瘠, 如何有效地改善土地状况, 提高农作物产量呢 本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力, 促进生产的耕作方式。
12. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To tell people how to increase production.
B. To introduce an agricultural system in Africa.
C. To introduce the oldest farming method in Africa.
D. To tell us how to prevent soil from being poor.
【解析】选B。目的意图题。由文章第一段及第二段第二句话可知, 本文主要针对非洲土地营养成分不足、产量低这一问题, 向我们介绍了一种新的农业系统。故选B。
13. What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A. Being exposed to wind and rain.
B. Growing different crops.
C. Being polluted severely.
D. Being ploughed improperly.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句可知, 多年的风雨侵蚀, 导致了土地中的营养大量流失。故选A。
14. According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG
A. Perennation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants.
B. Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production.
C. Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation.
D. American researchers first invented perennation.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第五段第一句以及最后一段可知, 这种系统早已经在非洲使用, 所以这种系统并不是美国研究人员最先发明的。
15. Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda
A. To show the method is very popular in Africa.
B. Because she is an expert at farming production.
C. To prove the farming method is effective.
D. Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知, 约翰·雷根欧德提到罗达是为了证明这种种植方式是有效果的。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The dangers faced by our ocean may seem terrible. Facing pollution, climate change and other problems, what you can do alone may seem little. 　16　So, to protect the ocean, all of us should take the following suggestions.
Protect water resources. Water on earth is connected, so you can help keep the ocean healthy by using as little fertilizer (化肥) as possible when growing plants in the yard. If possible, try to look for produce grown close to where you live. Much energy is wasted in transporting foods from far away. What’s more, remember that trash we “throw away” doesn’t disappear. 　17　
Protect fish. Scientists estimate that up to 90% of large predatory fish (掠食性鱼类), those that eat other animals, have disappeared since humans began heavy fishing. 　18　 You should choose sustainable (可持续的) seafood at the supermarket and in restaurants. When fishing for your own seafood, make sure you follow all local catch limits.
Cut carbon. In other words, we should try to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide given off as you go about your daily activities. 　19　
　20　 A trip to the beach is a great way to learn more about the ocean. But when you visit, make sure you aren’t causing harm. For example, when walking on the sand, be careful of any grass and plant growing there.
A. Have fun in a responsible way.
B. To protect fish, you need to watch what you eat.
C. So don’t throw wastes into ocean.
D. Don’t buy products that are made from sea animals or animal parts.
E. But if we begin working together now, we can make a huge difference.
F. However, trash will be eaten by sea animals by accident.
G. To achieve this, we should try to walk, bike or take the bus to work or school.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类如何保护海洋。
16. 【解析】选E。根据第一段Facing pollution, climate change and other problems, what you can do alone may seem little. 可知面对污染、气候变化和其他问题, 你个人的力量是微不足道的。但是如果我们齐心合力, 就能起到很大的作用。故选E。
17. 【解析】选C。根据上文What’s more, remember that trash we “throw away” doesn’t disappear. 可知我们扔掉的垃圾是不会消失的。所以不要往海洋中倾倒垃圾。故选C。
18. 【解析】选B。根据下文You should choose sustainable seafood at the supermarket and in restaurants. 可知你应该在超市、餐馆选择可持续性的海鲜。所以你需要看看你吃的是什么。故选B。
19. 【解析】选G。根据上文In other words, we should try to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide given off as you go about your daily activities. 可知我们在日常活动中要努力减少二氧化碳的排放。所以我们应该步行、骑车或乘公交去上班或上学。故选G。
20. 【解析】选A。根据下文A trip to the beach is a great way to learn more about the ocean. But when you visit, make sure you aren’t causing harm. For example, when walking on the sand, be careful of any grass and plant growing there. 可知我们去海边玩耍时, 注意脚下的植物, 不要伤害它们。所以要以一种负责的方式来玩耍。故选A。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　　While on a family canoe trip on the Fox River a few years ago, Grant and Colton Shepard were disturbed by what they saw in the water. “We were there to enjoy the　21　, ”says Grant, “ but we saw a lot of litter(垃圾). ”
The brothers, who live in Riverside, Illinois, went home and took action. They　22　the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, offering to monitor local rivers and streams carefully. They　23　training workshops to become familiar with the organisms(微生物)that are found in local　24　.
Ever since, the two boys have been taking weekly　25　from two rivers. They study them to make certain that the underwater ecosystem is　26　. Sometimes they find strange things. “We once discovered a big picnic table that had　27　underwater! ”says Grant.
It’s not just rivers that these kid volunteers　28　. They have devoted themselves to keeping their environment　29　balanced. “In the future, we’re going to need more resources. Unless we protect them now, they won’t be there for us, ” says Colton.
Every year, as part of their campaign for a cleaner world, the brothers　30　at least 100 days without using a car. Their purpose is to cut down on the　31　gases that cars give off into the air.
The brothers have also been active in helping　32　Illinois’ precious grassland. For the past two years, they have spent　33　one Saturday a month clearing away non-native plants from a 100-acre rare oak(橡木)grassland. “The plants and bushes　34　our heritage because they prevent the old oaks from growing　35　, ”says Grant.
【语篇概述】两兄弟携手保护环境, 从时时刻刻做起, 从遇到的每件事情做起。
21. A. garden　B. grass　C. beauty　D. trip
【解析】选C。考查名词。garden 花园; grass草, 草地; beauty美丽, 吸引人之处; trip 旅行。文章首句便指出一家人是在外出旅游, 故他们准备欣赏的是美景(beauty)。
22. A. contacted B. reminded
C. informed D. interviewed
【解析】选A。考查动词。 contacted 联系; reminded 提醒; informed通知; interviewed 采访; 由句意及下文可知, 他们不仅将此事告知了自然资源部, 而且还投身其中做了一些工作, 故用contacted“联系”。
23. A. produced B. provided
C. attended D. held
【解析】选C。 考查动词。produced生产; provided提供; attended参加; held 举行。他们一开始对水中的微生物并不是很了解, 因此他们参加(attended)了训练讲习班进行学习。
24. A. forests B. lakes
C. waters D. schools
【解析】选C。考查名词。由上文可知, 他们主动提出监控当地的河流和小溪, 因此他们想熟悉的是当地水域里的微生物, 用waters“水域”表达。
25. A. wastes B. samples
C. polluters D. liquids
【解析】选B。考查名词。由常识可知, 对河流进行监控需要定期采集“水样”进行检测, 故用samples “样本”。waste“废弃物, 垃圾”; polluter“污染物, 污染者”; liquid“液体”。
26. A. in order B. in place
C. in danger D. in balance
【解析】选D。考查介词短语。监控并研究水样当然是为了保持当地水下生态系统的平衡。in balance“处于平衡状态”; in order“井井有条”; in place“在适当的位置”; in danger“在危险中”。
27. A. put B. deserted
C. sunk D. left
【解析】选C。考查动词。由常识及underwater提示可知, 那张大野餐桌沉到水底, 故用sunk。
28. A. pick out B. care about
C. look out D. take over
【解析】选B。考查动词短语。这些儿童志愿者所关心的不仅仅是河流。care about“关心”; pick out“挑选出”; look out “向外看, 当心”; take over “接管, 接收”。
29. A. slightly B. regularly
C. totally D. finally
【解析】选C。考查副词。联系上下文可知, 他们不仅仅是关心河流的生态环境, 他们更在意的是生态环境的整体平衡, 故用totally“完全地, 整个地”。
30. A. walk B. run C. choose D. go
【解析】选D。考查动词。go此处指“前进, 进行”。
31. A. extra B. harmful
C. useless D. various
【解析】选B。考查形容词。由常识可知, 汽车排到空气中的气体是“有害的”, 故用harmful。extra“额外的”; useless“无用的”; various“各种各样的”。
32. A. decorate B. plough
C. design D. restore
【解析】选D。考查动词。句意: 兄弟俩还积极帮助复原伊利诺伊州的宝贵草地。故用restore“使复原”。decorate“装饰”; plough“犁, 耕”; design“设计”。
33. A. at least B. by turns
C. as usual D. at most
【解析】选A。考查短语。他们很积极地参与到这项工作中来, 因此每月至少用一个周六的时间前来工作。at least“至少”, 符合逻辑推理。by turns“轮流”; as usual“和往常一样”; at most“至多”。
34. A. destroy B. threaten
C. change D. replace
【解析】选B。考查动词。由上句中clearing away non-native plants可知, 这些植物对本地的橡木草原不利。threaten“威胁”, 符合语境。destroy“破坏”, 指导致的结果; change“改变”; replace“代替”。
35. A. rightly B. nicely
C. properly D. separately
【解析】选C。考查副词。because后解释了这些植物如何威胁橡木草原——它们使橡木无法正常生长。properly“适当地, 恰当地, 整整齐齐地”; rightly“端正地, 正当地, 正确地”; nicely“令人满意地, 令人愉快地”; separately“分别地”。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2022·潍坊高一检测)
　　The topic of this programme is environmental 36. __________(protect). We human beings 37. __________(do) a lot of things at the cost of the environment to develop economy quickly in the past few years. I do think it is time for us to understand 38. __________ importance of protecting the environment and do something about it. Today I would like 39. __________(introduce)some simple but useful ways that we can follow 40. __________(easy)in our daily life.
Firstly, turn off lights if it is unnecessary. Then, go out 41. __________ environment-friendly ways such as by bus, by subway or by bike. We can even walk to work if possible, 42. __________ is really helpful for both of our budget and health. Thirdly, take a cloth bag when we go 43. __________(shop). Please don’t use plastic ones. Of course the public should raise 44. __________(environment) awareness and realize it is our duty to protect the environment. Last but not least, the government should make laws to guide people’s 45. __________(behave).
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 讲述了在我们日常生活中保护环境的几种简单易行的方法。
36. 【解析】protection。 考查名词。作表语, 前面有形容词修饰, 所以用名词, 表示抽象概念, 为不可数名词, 故填protection。
37. 【解析】have done。 考查时态和主谓一致。句意: 在过去的几年, 我们人类已经做了很多事情, 这些事情是以牺牲环境为代价来换取经济的迅速发展。根据时间状语in the past few years, 可知用现在完成时, 主语为复数名词, 故填have done。
38. 【解析】the。 考查冠词。句意: 我确实觉得是时候理解保护环境的重要性, 并且要为此采取措施。后面有of短语限定, 所以用定冠词特指, 故填the。
39. 【解析】to introduce。 考查不定式。句意: 今天我想要介绍一些我们在日常生活中很容易实行的简单而有用的方法。本句是would like to do sth. 句型, 意思是“想要做某事”, 故填to introduce。
40. 【解析】easily。 考查副词。句意: 今天我想要介绍一些我们在日常生活中很容易实行的简单而有用的方法。修饰动词, 所以用副词, 故填easily。
41. 【解析】in。 考查介词。句意: 然后, 以环保的方式外出, 如乘公共汽车、地铁或骑自行车。和ways连用用介词in, 表示“以……的方式”, 故填in。
42. 【解析】which。 考查非限制性定语从句。句意: 如果可能的话, 我们甚至可以步行去上班, 这真的对我们的预算和健康有益。逗号后面是个非限制性定语从句, 故用which来引导, 且which代指前面的整个句子, 在从句中作主语, 故填which。
43. 【解析】shopping。 考查动名词。句意: 第三, 我们去购物时带个布袋。go shopping去购物, 为固定搭配, 故填shopping。
44. 【解析】environmental。 考查形容词。句意: 当然, 公众应该提高环境意识, 认识到保护环境是我们的责任。raise environmental awareness提高环境意识, 用形容词作定语, 故填environmental。
45. 【解析】behavior。 考查名词。句意: 最后但同样重要的是, 政府应该制定法律来引导人们的行为。作宾语, 所以用名词, 表示抽象概念, 为不可数名词, 故填behavior。
第三部分　写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
随着全球环境的恶化, 越来越多的人选择过“低碳生活(low-carbon life)”, 即减少二氧化碳的排放, 低能量, 低消耗, 低开支。请根据以下要点写一篇英文倡议书, 倡议你的同学加入“低碳一族”。要点如下:
1. 手洗衣服;
2. 多走楼梯, 少乘电梯;
3. 逛超市自备购物袋;
4. 步行或者骑自行车上学。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear classmates,
　　With the global warming getting worse, many people choose to live a low-carbon life to reduce greenhouse gases. We students have the responsibility to improve the environment by doing the following small things.
Firstly, wash our clothes by hand instead of using washing machines. Secondly, climbing stairs rather than taking elevators does good to our health and the environment. Thirdly, remember to bring our own bags when shopping. Lastly, it’s advisable to go to school on foot or by bicycle.
Let’s take action and be low-carbon people from now on.
第二节(满分25分)
　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Cody and his sister April decide they want to have a pet dog. They head down to the local pet store and have a look around. It is a very small pet store that does not have many animals.
The owner of the shop is a nice old man named Mr Smith. He walks over and greets Cody and April.
“How can I help you ” he asks.
“We would like to buy a dog, ” April responds.
“Ah, well, we are not a big pet shop, ”Mr Smith tells her. “So we only have two dogs to choose from. ”
They ask Mr Smith to show them the dogs.
Mr Smith leads them to the back of the store where the two dogs are. One of them is a very big Bulldog named Buster. It looks strong and fierce. The other is a very tiny Chihuahua named Teacup. It looks cute and lovely.
April wants Teacup the Chihuahua, while Cody wants Buster the Bulldog. To make a decision, they walk outside to discuss.
Even after they have a discussion, they cannot agree on a dog. April suggests they race home for it. The winner of the race will choose the dog.
Cody agrees. Before the race starts, Cody tells April that her shoelace is untied. When April looks down, he runs off and gets a head start.
Cody runs as hard as he can. He really wants that Bulldog as a pet. He looks back. April is so far behind that he cannot even see her.
Cody finally gets home. He is tired but he is happy. He knows he is the winner.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
　　April arrives a few minutes after Cody.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　　Mr Smith tells them the details. ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　April arrives a few minutes after Cody. She looks angry at first, because Cody cheated her to get a head start. Cody apologizes for cheating her, and explains that he really likes the Bulldog. April accepts his apology and congratulates him on his being the winner and hence gets to choose the dog. They return to the pet store to purchase Buster the Bulldog. However, when they arrive at the pet store, they only see Teacup the Chihuahua. They ask the owner where Buster is.
　　Mr Smith tells them the details. He explains that a few minutes after April and Cody left, two boys walked in and decided to buy the Bulldog. Cody looks at April, and she holds back a smile. Both of them did not expect that would happen within a short time. Cody sighs. He turns back to Mr Smith. “Sometimes you win the race, but not the prize! ” Cody says sadly, and points at the only dog left. “We will take the Chihuahua, please. ”
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