资源简介

单元素养检测(五)(Unit 5)
(100分钟　120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
PMGY SOUTH AFRICA BIG 5 WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE
PMGY’s Big 5 Wildlife Experience is a life-changing experience that allows volunteers to get close to animals and get a rich education in conservation management. If you’re an animal lover, this is the programme for you.
First, I’ll tell you something about the working hours. Working hours are generally quite fixed. The morning part runs from 9: 30 to 13: 00. A lunch break then follows with the afternoon part usually running 14: 30—16: 30. In the evenings, there are animal shows and cross-cultural dance shows or volunteers can relax in the lounge (休息室), swimming pool, on the tennis courts or in the entertainment room.
The volunteer tasks are mainly about land management and animal management activities. Here are just some of the things you can expect to do during the week:
— Animal management including catching animals, counting animals and feeding animals
— Removal of alien plants and planting of native trees
— Educational lectures and classroom activities
— Fence (围栏) repairs and road repairs
Your efforts will help to make sure the reserve is a safe and suitable environment for these animals to not just survive but live well.
Volunteers will get the chance to get close to some of South Africa’s most famous animals. You will also experience a number of fun activities such as recording wildlife animals and taking part in fire management activities. The activities for the week are extremely different, so no two days will be the same.
So, if you want to have fun in South Africa and get your hands dirty in a once-in-a-lifetime setting, then come and join us!
【语篇概述】本文是一则介绍南非野生动物保护区的体验项目的广告。
1. What do we know about the working hours
A. They’re different each day.
B. They’re divided into three parts.
C. The morning part lasts longer.
D. They’re not properly scheduled.
2. What does the author mainly want to show in the last but one paragraph
A. The experience can be fun.
B. Plenty of activities are included.
C. Wildlife animals are fun to watch.
D. The programme is mainly for fun.
3. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To advertise a programme.
B. To encourage volunteer work.
C. To encourage wildlife protection.
D. To tell about activities in a reserve.
B
(2022·潍坊高一检测)
　　It was the first time for my husband Paul and me to look after the puppy(小狗)Louie to spend the night while our teenage daughter Rochelle was on vacation for two weeks. Louie searched the entire house for his “mommy”. Then, that disappointed but determined puppy developed a plan.
　　While Paul and I were watching TV, we heard loud noises. Something heavy was being dragged down the stairs. I looked around and saw this six-month-old puppy painfully dragging his large, hard-sided carrier(行李袋)down the stairs. The next moment he dragged his blanket, bowl, bone, ball and sweater one by one downstairs. The project took most of the evening but Louie showed no sign of tiredness at all.
　　After packing all the items into the carrier, he attempted to jump inside. Once inside, he got the zipper(拉链)between his teeth and, with all his strength, he pulled the zipper closed. Then he lay down and went to sleep in it throughout the night. The message was very clear. He wanted to go to see his “mommy”. He had seen her pack her suitcase and go away for her vacation. He must do the same so he could find her. When I unzipped his carrier in the morning, Louie was excited, but his “mommy” was nowhere to be seen.
　　The puppy surprised us with new actions every day. His favorite activity was going for a car ride. The possibility of stopping at McDonald’s was his consideration. But one day, my husband didn’t stop at McDonald’s. He left Louie in the car with the window slightly open while he went to buy medicine. Louie managed to jump out of the window. He walked two blocks and found Paul, walking around him as if saying, “Can we go to have fried chicken now ”
　　Louie is an old gray-haired dog now, but he is still up to his old, and new tricks.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在女儿去度假时, 作者夫妇负责照顾女儿的小狗路易。路易是一只聪明的小狗, 在照顾它的这段时间内, 它带给了这对夫妇很多的乐趣。
4. Why didn’t Louie show any sign of tiredness
A. Because he was eager to see Rochelle.
B. Because he could drag the carrier easily.
C. Because he enjoyed searching the house.
D. Because he wanted to delight Paul and the author.
5. How could Louie manage to pack himself
A. He did that as trained.
B. He got help from Paul.
C. He used his strong teeth.
D. He followed the TV program.
6. Why did Louie enjoy going for car rides with Paul
A. He could play at McDonald’s.
B. He could have his favorite food.
C. He could walk through the blocks freely.
D. He could accompany Paul to the medicine store.
7. Which of the following can best describe Louie
A. Brave and proud.
B. Honest and quiet.
C. Kind and well-trained.
D. Smart and strong-minded.
C
We’ve all heard the phrase “less is more” yet many of us are still likely to over-explain, send long emails, and hold hour-long meetings that only have 20 minutes of real content (内容).
Joseph McCormack, author of BRIEF: Making a Bigger Impact by Saying Less, says getting to the point right away is very important to attract people’s attention. In a sales presentation, you can talk yourself out of a deal by over-explaining rather than listening to the guests across the table. Even in writing, there are bad results of not being brief. McCormack’s own research showed 43% of people who received long emails ignored them. “When the point isn’t made clear you feel you can’t deal with this right now so you put it aside, ” he explains.
Despite the many disadvantages of being long-winded, many of us struggle to be brief. One reason, explains McCormack, is that we believe by over-explaining, we can prove how smart we are. From an early age, we’re taught to judge our success on word counts and page lengths. Students are asked to write 20-page papers instead of simply being asked to make their point clear in as many words as they need. “I think teachers should ask for a 20-page paper and a two-page paper. If you can present your point well in two pages, then I’ll read the 20-page paper to see how you got there. ” he says.
Another reason we struggle to be brief when we are talking is that we may be underprepared. “When you’re being brief, you have to make a lot of decisions about what’s important and what’s not important for that person in that moment in time. ” says McCormack.
Cutting out all the irrelevant (不相干的) information can take time (time that many of us don’t give when we’re speaking with others). It’s these challenges of being brief that McCormack says make brevity an important skill that helps people to stand out as being professional.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇议论文, 论证简明扼要在日常交流中的重要性。
8. What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A. Listening to others is important.
B. Too much talking is likely to be ignored.
C. Not being active can stop us from succeeding.
D. Nearly half of emails we receive are put aside.
9. Why do we often choose to write long papers
A. We believe the more, the better.
B. We are asked to do so by teachers.
C. Teachers are fond of reading long papers.
D. Only long papers can make our point clear.
10. Why do we struggle to be brief according to Paragraph 4
A. We just prepare something important.
B. It’s hard to make decisions sometimes.
C. We don’t organize our ideas well before talking.
D. It’s impossible to tell what’s important in a short time.
11. What is the most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the text
A. The tips for being brief.
B. The challenges of being brief.
C. The skills we should develop in life.
D. The importance of being professional.
D
　　It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t identify you or any of their friends—every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time.
But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.
In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地)in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. “If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks, ” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.
For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项新的研究发现: 鱼的记忆力比我们过去认为的要好得多。
12. According to the article, what do people commonly believe
A. Fish can only remember part of their past experiences.
B. Fish can remember things that happened long time ago.
C. A fish’s memory lasts for only seven minutes.
D. Fish don’t recognize any of their friends.
13. How can fish benefit most from a good memory
A. They can remember where to get food and survive.
B. They can remember their enemies and fight.
C. They can remember where to escape to when in danger.
D. They can remember their friends and help each other.
14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A. African cichlids always treat other fish aggressively.
B. African cichlids can remember things for 12 days.
C. African cichlids don’t belong to the list of smart animals.
D. Only African cichlids have a good memory.
15. What is the article mainly about
A. Fish having very bad memories.
B. Fish being smarter than we thought.
C. How fish improve their memory.
D. What we can learn from fish.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　16　It is also, perhaps, the gentlest (温顺的), but not always!
　　Elephants are like humans in some ways. They can live for a long time — fifty or sixty years. They can remember things very well. 　17　If a female(雌性的) elephant dies, her daughters and her granddaughters will be sad for many months. They would stay with the dead body for a long time. And they never forget a dead friend.
　　Elephants are like us, but they are also different from us. They live in the families of females where the females are the kings. 　18　But the females will soon send them away. An elephant family keeps only daughters, mothers and great grandmothers.
　　The females would stay together for fifty, sixty or a hundred years. The older animals look after the younger ones. 　19　
　　But what happens to the male(雄性的) elephants Well, the young males just will stay with their mothers for a short time. Then they must leave the family, because the females will send them away. A male elephant does not often have a friend. 　20　Sometimes if the females invite a male elephant, then he can visit them and stay. But soon his“wife” and sisters will send him away again. The females have a very happy family life. But what do the male elephants think about it We don’t know.
A. They never forget great sadness or great happiness.
B. He lives far away from the family and other male elephants.
C. They like to play with each other and sometimes they get injured.
D. There will be a few young males — a few “baby boys”.
E. The mothers teach their daughters and set a good example.
F. The elephant is the biggest four-legged animal in the world.
G. The male elephants want to stay with the female ones, but they are not welcome.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大象家族的组成结构。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
John Carpenter did not like to buy toys that somebody else had made. He liked the fun of making them himself. The thought that they were his own work 　21　him.
Tom, one of his playmates, thought a toy was worth nothing unless it cost a great deal of money. He never tried to make 　22　, but bought all his toys. “Come and look at my horse, ” said he, one day. “ It　23　a dollar, and it is such a beauty! ” John was soon　24　his friend’s horse, and he was examining it patiently to see how it was made. The same evening he tried to make a 　25　one for himself. He went into the woodshed and 　26　 two pieces of wood—one for the head of his horse, and the other for the body. It took him two or three days to shape them to his　27　. But what about the wheels This　28　 him. With great efforts, he finally got some round pieces of wood which could suit his　29　. Proud of his great　30　, he ran to his friend Tom, crying, “ Now then, Tom, here is my horse. Look! ”
“Well, that is a　31　horse, ” said Tom. “Where did you buy it ”
“I didn’t buy it, ”　32　 John. “ I made it. ”
“You made it yourself! Oh, well, it’s a good horse for you to make. But it is not as good as mine. Mine cost a　33　, and yours didn’t cost anything. ”
“It was real fun to make it, though, ” said John, and he ran away with his horse　34　after him. Does it really cost nothing and all his efforts are　35　 Of course not, I will tell you John Carpenter now is a master workman, and will soon have a shop of his own.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·卡朋特喜欢自己做的玩具, 并因为这个爱好成为一个工匠大师的故事。
21. A. concerned　　 　 B. annoyed
C. amazed D. delighted
22. A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
23. A. used　 B. cost　 C. wasted　D. needed
24. A. searching B. feeling
C. admiring D. attending
25. A. vivid B. common
C. similar D. rare
26. A. picked out B. came through
C. picked off D. came over
27. A. surprise B. regret
C. relief D. satisfaction
28. A. excited B. cheered
C. puzzled D. amused
29. A. approach B. curiosity
C. concern D. purpose
30. A. dream B. work C. house D. wood
31. A. funny B. horrible
C. ugly D. dull
32. A. asked B. replied
C. reminded D. insisted
33. A. pound B. bill C. note D. dollar
34. A. rolling B. slipping
C. passing D. marching
35. A. for sure B. in vain
C. at least D. above all
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Wolong Panda Reserve Research Center was set up in 1958 36. __________ (save) the declining panda population. The Panda Reserve is a three-hour drive from Chengdu. It’s a natural reserve 37. __________ (cover)over 200, 000 hectares. As the 38. __________ (large)panda reserve of all in China, Wolong 39. __________ (add) to UNESCO in 1980.
　　In 2003 Wolong Panda Reserve opened up wildlife observation areas, and it 40. __________ (attract) over 100, 000 visitors each year. The Wolong Panda Reserve is also home to other rare and endangered wild animals such as the golden monkey, red panda, and more.
　　Panda is 41. __________ (usual) classified in the bear family, and is native to central and southern China. Pandas’ main food is bamboo, but they also eat foods such as fish, eggs, and honey.
　　Adult pandas have a 42. __________ (long) of 1. 6m to 1. 8m, and weight between 176 to 275 pounds. Pandas have a large head 43. __________ obvious black patches around the eyes, ears, and the body.
　　Pandas are found in mountainous regions 44. __________ are thick with bamboo in Sichuan and Tibet. Pandas reproduce very slowly, and infant mortality(死亡率)is high—these are major reasons why it’s such 45. __________ endangered species.
【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了卧龙大熊猫保护区, 以及大熊猫的体态和生活繁殖情况。
第三部分　写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
　　你是一位高一新生, 要向全班同学做一个关于动物保护的演讲。请根据自己了解的知识写一篇演讲稿。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·临沂高一检测)
Katie had always felt like she never connected with anyone. There was no one she considered a friend. So, when her parents decided to move, she was okay with it. She didn’t feel sad because she wasn’t leaving anyone behind.
She was eight when they moved to a new town. It wasn’t that different from where they had lived before. There were a lot of trees and kids running around outside, riding bikes and playing.
One day her mother caught her staring(盯着看)out the window at some kids playing. Her mom told her to go out and play with those kids. So Katie went out. She could see that they were all having fun and she wanted to join in but she was afraid. She tried to muster up(鼓起)the courage to ask them if she could join them but she just couldn’t do it.
She decided to go for a walk instead. She liked how peaceful the town was. The people seemed nice and polite. Her stroll(闲逛)finally led her to the town’s lake. She felt the rush of cold air hitting her face. The beauty of the lake was something to behold. She sat there admiring it and decided that this would be her place. She would come here every day and maybe one day, she would bring her friends here.
After school, she always stopped by the lake before going home. She swore(发誓)she could stay there for hours, maybe even live there. If she ever got hungry, she always had food ready in her bag.
One day when she was writing a poem about the lake, she heard her stomach growl(咕咕叫). She put down her notebook and her pen and got her sandwich out. She was about to take a bite when she heard a noise. This alarmed her. She hadn’t heard or seen anything strange before. She looked around and suddenly she noticed that there was something black moving toward the bank.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
　　“A swimming black dog! ” Katie cried out in surprise. ____________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　　Every day, Katie brought five extra sandwiches for her friend. _____________
____________________________________________________________________
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单元素养检测(五)(Unit 5)
(100分钟　120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
PMGY SOUTH AFRICA BIG 5 WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE
PMGY’s Big 5 Wildlife Experience is a life-changing experience that allows volunteers to get close to animals and get a rich education in conservation management. If you’re an animal lover, this is the programme for you.
First, I’ll tell you something about the working hours. Working hours are generally quite fixed. The morning part runs from 9: 30 to 13: 00. A lunch break then follows with the afternoon part usually running 14: 30—16: 30. In the evenings, there are animal shows and cross-cultural dance shows or volunteers can relax in the lounge (休息室), swimming pool, on the tennis courts or in the entertainment room.
The volunteer tasks are mainly about land management and animal management activities. Here are just some of the things you can expect to do during the week:
— Animal management including catching animals, counting animals and feeding animals
— Removal of alien plants and planting of native trees
— Educational lectures and classroom activities
— Fence (围栏) repairs and road repairs
Your efforts will help to make sure the reserve is a safe and suitable environment for these animals to not just survive but live well.
Volunteers will get the chance to get close to some of South Africa’s most famous animals. You will also experience a number of fun activities such as recording wildlife animals and taking part in fire management activities. The activities for the week are extremely different, so no two days will be the same.
So, if you want to have fun in South Africa and get your hands dirty in a once-in-a-lifetime setting, then come and join us!
【语篇概述】本文是一则介绍南非野生动物保护区的体验项目的广告。
1. What do we know about the working hours
A. They’re different each day.
B. They’re divided into three parts.
C. The morning part lasts longer.
D. They’re not properly scheduled.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段The morning part runs from 9: 30 to 13: 00. A lunch break then follows with the afternoon part usually running 14: 30—16: 30. 可知上午的工作时间是3个半小时, 下午的工作时间是2小时, 故选B。
2. What does the author mainly want to show in the last but one paragraph
A. The experience can be fun.
B. Plenty of activities are included.
C. Wildlife animals are fun to watch.
D. The programme is mainly for fun.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段You will also experience a number of fun activities such as recording wildlife animals and taking part in fire management activities. 可知参与者可以体验一些有趣的活动, 故选A。
3. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To advertise a programme.
B. To encourage volunteer work.
C. To encourage wildlife protection.
D. To tell about activities in a reserve.
【解析】选A。目的意图题。根据第一段If you’re an animal lover, this is the programme for you. 可知这是一个面向动物爱好者的推荐项目, 故选A。
B
(2022·潍坊高一检测)
　　It was the first time for my husband Paul and me to look after the puppy(小狗)Louie to spend the night while our teenage daughter Rochelle was on vacation for two weeks. Louie searched the entire house for his “mommy”. Then, that disappointed but determined puppy developed a plan.
　　While Paul and I were watching TV, we heard loud noises. Something heavy was being dragged down the stairs. I looked around and saw this six-month-old puppy painfully dragging his large, hard-sided carrier(行李袋)down the stairs. The next moment he dragged his blanket, bowl, bone, ball and sweater one by one downstairs. The project took most of the evening but Louie showed no sign of tiredness at all.
　　After packing all the items into the carrier, he attempted to jump inside. Once inside, he got the zipper(拉链)between his teeth and, with all his strength, he pulled the zipper closed. Then he lay down and went to sleep in it throughout the night. The message was very clear. He wanted to go to see his “mommy”. He had seen her pack her suitcase and go away for her vacation. He must do the same so he could find her. When I unzipped his carrier in the morning, Louie was excited, but his “mommy” was nowhere to be seen.
　　The puppy surprised us with new actions every day. His favorite activity was going for a car ride. The possibility of stopping at McDonald’s was his consideration. But one day, my husband didn’t stop at McDonald’s. He left Louie in the car with the window slightly open while he went to buy medicine. Louie managed to jump out of the window. He walked two blocks and found Paul, walking around him as if saying, “Can we go to have fried chicken now ”
　　Louie is an old gray-haired dog now, but he is still up to his old, and new tricks.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在女儿去度假时, 作者夫妇负责照顾女儿的小狗路易。路易是一只聪明的小狗, 在照顾它的这段时间内, 它带给了这对夫妇很多的乐趣。
4. Why didn’t Louie show any sign of tiredness
A. Because he was eager to see Rochelle.
B. Because he could drag the carrier easily.
C. Because he enjoyed searching the house.
D. Because he wanted to delight Paul and the author.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Louie searched the entire house for his ‘mommy’. (路易在整个房子里搜寻它的‘妈妈’)”以及第二段“I looked around and saw this six-month-old puppy painfully dragging his large, hard-sided carrier down the stairs. The next moment he dragged his blanket, bowl, bone, ball and sweater one by one downstairs. (我环顾四周, 看到这只六个月大的小狗痛苦地拖着它的大而硬的行李袋下了楼梯。下一刻, 它把毯子、碗、骨头、球和毛衣一件一件地拖下楼)”可知, 小狗这么做是因为它急切想要找到它的主人, 所以没有显示出一点疲累。故选A。
5. How could Louie manage to pack himself
A. He did that as trained.
B. He got help from Paul.
C. He used his strong teeth.
D. He followed the TV program.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“Once inside, he got the zipper between his teeth and, with all his strength, he pulled the zipper closed. (一进行李袋, 它就把拉链咬在牙齿之间, 用尽全力把拉链拉上)”可知, 小狗用牙齿咬着拉链用力地把它拉上。故选C。
6. Why did Louie enjoy going for car rides with Paul
A. He could play at McDonald’s.
B. He could have his favorite food.
C. He could walk through the blocks freely.
D. He could accompany Paul to the medicine store.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话(它走了两个街区, 找到了保罗, 它绕着保罗走, 好像在说: “我们现在可以去吃炸鸡了吗 ”)可推知, 小狗想要吃它喜欢的炸鸡, 这是它喜欢和保罗一起坐车兜风的原因。故选B。
7. Which of the following can best describe Louie
A. Brave and proud.
B. Honest and quiet.
C. Kind and well-trained.
D. Smart and strong-minded.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章讲到路易这只小狗的主人去度假, 它为了去找主人, 学着它的主人把它的行李袋拉下楼, 而且跳进去用牙齿把拉链拉上, 可知它是只聪明的小狗; 根据第二段最后一句话(这个项目花了整个晚上的大部分时间, 但路易一点儿也不显得疲倦)可知, 它几乎一晚上都在做这件事, 它是一只意志坚强的小狗。故选D。
C
We’ve all heard the phrase “less is more” yet many of us are still likely to over-explain, send long emails, and hold hour-long meetings that only have 20 minutes of real content (内容).
Joseph McCormack, author of BRIEF: Making a Bigger Impact by Saying Less, says getting to the point right away is very important to attract people’s attention. In a sales presentation, you can talk yourself out of a deal by over-explaining rather than listening to the guests across the table. Even in writing, there are bad results of not being brief. McCormack’s own research showed 43% of people who received long emails ignored them. “When the point isn’t made clear you feel you can’t deal with this right now so you put it aside, ” he explains.
Despite the many disadvantages of being long-winded, many of us struggle to be brief. One reason, explains McCormack, is that we believe by over-explaining, we can prove how smart we are. From an early age, we’re taught to judge our success on word counts and page lengths. Students are asked to write 20-page papers instead of simply being asked to make their point clear in as many words as they need. “I think teachers should ask for a 20-page paper and a two-page paper. If you can present your point well in two pages, then I’ll read the 20-page paper to see how you got there. ” he says.
Another reason we struggle to be brief when we are talking is that we may be underprepared. “When you’re being brief, you have to make a lot of decisions about what’s important and what’s not important for that person in that moment in time. ” says McCormack.
Cutting out all the irrelevant (不相干的) information can take time (time that many of us don’t give when we’re speaking with others). It’s these challenges of being brief that McCormack says make brevity an important skill that helps people to stand out as being professional.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇议论文, 论证简明扼要在日常交流中的重要性。
8. What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A. Listening to others is important.
B. Too much talking is likely to be ignored.
C. Not being active can stop us from succeeding.
D. Nearly half of emails we receive are put aside.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段In a sales presentation, you can talk yourself out of a deal by over-explaining rather than listening to the guests across the table. 可知在销售展示中, 如果不倾听客户的意见而是过多解释, 生意会谈崩。所以话越多, 越容易被忽视。
9. Why do we often choose to write long papers
A. We believe the more, the better.
B. We are asked to do so by teachers.
C. Teachers are fond of reading long papers.
D. Only long papers can make our point clear.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段One reason, explains McCormack, is that we believe by over-explaining, we can prove how smart we are. 可知我们通过过度解释来证明我们有多聪明。所以我们认为越多越好。
10. Why do we struggle to be brief according to Paragraph 4
A. We just prepare something important.
B. It’s hard to make decisions sometimes.
C. We don’t organize our ideas well before talking.
D. It’s impossible to tell what’s important in a short time.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Another reason we struggle to be brief when we are talking is that we may be underprepared. 可知简洁很难是因为我们在说话时有可能没准备好。
11. What is the most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the text
A. The tips for being brief.
B. The challenges of being brief.
C. The skills we should develop in life.
D. The importance of being professional.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。全文讨论了简洁的重要性, 接下来就应指导人们如何做到简洁明了。
D
　　It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t identify you or any of their friends—every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time.
But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.
In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地)in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. “If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks, ” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.
For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项新的研究发现: 鱼的记忆力比我们过去认为的要好得多。
12. According to the article, what do people commonly believe
A. Fish can only remember part of their past experiences.
B. Fish can remember things that happened long time ago.
C. A fish’s memory lasts for only seven minutes.
D. Fish don’t recognize any of their friends.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句(一想到它们不记得自己吃了什么, 去了哪里, 也不知道你或它们的朋友是谁, 这似乎很可悲——它们生命中的每一刻都像是第一次看到这个世界。)可知, 人们普遍认为鱼认不出它们的朋友, 故选D。
13. How can fish benefit most from a good memory
A. They can remember where to get food and survive.
B. They can remember their enemies and fight.
C. They can remember where to escape to when in danger.
D. They can remember their friends and help each other.
【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句(首席研究员特雷弗·汉密尔顿告诉《生活科学》杂志说: “如果鱼能记住某个区域含有安全的食物, 它们就能回到那个区域而不会危及生命。”)可知, 良好的记忆力对鱼的好处是让它们可以记住在哪里能找到食物并安全生存, 故选A。
14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A. African cichlids always treat other fish aggressively.
B. African cichlids can remember things for 12 days.
C. African cichlids don’t belong to the list of smart animals.
D. Only African cichlids have a good memory.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句(事实上, 某些种类的鱼甚至能记住12天前发生的事情。)可知, B选项“非洲慈鲷可以记住事情12天”描述正确, 故选B。
15. What is the article mainly about
A. Fish having very bad memories.
B. Fish being smarter than we thought.
C. How fish improve their memory.
D. What we can learn from fish.
【解析】选B。 主旨大意题。第二段第二句(一项新的研究发现, 鱼的记忆力比我们过去认为的要好得多)是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容, 可知这篇文章主要讲了鱼比我们想象的更聪明, 故选B。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　16　It is also, perhaps, the gentlest (温顺的), but not always!
　　Elephants are like humans in some ways. They can live for a long time — fifty or sixty years. They can remember things very well. 　17　If a female(雌性的) elephant dies, her daughters and her granddaughters will be sad for many months. They would stay with the dead body for a long time. And they never forget a dead friend.
　　Elephants are like us, but they are also different from us. They live in the families of females where the females are the kings. 　18　But the females will soon send them away. An elephant family keeps only daughters, mothers and great grandmothers.
　　The females would stay together for fifty, sixty or a hundred years. The older animals look after the younger ones. 　19　
　　But what happens to the male(雄性的) elephants Well, the young males just will stay with their mothers for a short time. Then they must leave the family, because the females will send them away. A male elephant does not often have a friend. 　20　Sometimes if the females invite a male elephant, then he can visit them and stay. But soon his“wife” and sisters will send him away again. The females have a very happy family life. But what do the male elephants think about it We don’t know.
A. They never forget great sadness or great happiness.
B. He lives far away from the family and other male elephants.
C. They like to play with each other and sometimes they get injured.
D. There will be a few young males — a few “baby boys”.
E. The mothers teach their daughters and set a good example.
F. The elephant is the biggest four-legged animal in the world.
G. The male elephants want to stay with the female ones, but they are not welcome.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大象家族的组成结构。
16. 【解析】选F。文章开头点题并简要介绍世界上最大的四足动物。
17. 【解析】选A。根据上文They can remember things very well. 和下文If a female elephant dies, her daughters and her granddaughters will be sad for many months. They would stay with the dead body for a long time. And they never forget a dead friend. 可知大象记忆力好, 对死去的亲人念念不忘, 所以它们不会忘记巨大的悲伤或喜悦。
18. 【解析】选D。根据上文They live in the families of females where the females are the kings. 和下文But the females will soon send them away. 可知大象生活在母系家族里, 母象很快会把它们送走, 所以它们应该是小公象。
19. 【解析】选E。根据上文The females would stay together for fifty, sixty or a hundred years. The older animals look after the younger ones. 可知本段主要介绍大象母系家族中成员间的互动关系。
20. 【解析】选B。根据上文 A male elephant does not often have a friend. 可知公象一般没有朋友。这是因为它远离家人和其他公象, 离群索居。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
John Carpenter did not like to buy toys that somebody else had made. He liked the fun of making them himself. The thought that they were his own work 　21　him.
Tom, one of his playmates, thought a toy was worth nothing unless it cost a great deal of money. He never tried to make 　22　, but bought all his toys. “Come and look at my horse, ” said he, one day. “ It　23　a dollar, and it is such a beauty! ” John was soon　24　his friend’s horse, and he was examining it patiently to see how it was made. The same evening he tried to make a 　25　one for himself. He went into the woodshed and 　26　 two pieces of wood—one for the head of his horse, and the other for the body. It took him two or three days to shape them to his　27　. But what about the wheels This　28　 him. With great efforts, he finally got some round pieces of wood which could suit his　29　. Proud of his great　30　, he ran to his friend Tom, crying, “ Now then, Tom, here is my horse. Look! ”
“Well, that is a　31　horse, ” said Tom. “Where did you buy it ”
“I didn’t buy it, ”　32　 John. “ I made it. ”
“You made it yourself! Oh, well, it’s a good horse for you to make. But it is not as good as mine. Mine cost a　33　, and yours didn’t cost anything. ”
“It was real fun to make it, though, ” said John, and he ran away with his horse　34　after him. Does it really cost nothing and all his efforts are　35　 Of course not, I will tell you John Carpenter now is a master workman, and will soon have a shop of his own.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·卡朋特喜欢自己做的玩具, 并因为这个爱好成为一个工匠大师的故事。
21. A. concerned　　 　 B. annoyed
C. amazed D. delighted
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。一想到玩具是他自己制作的就令他很高兴。concern “使担心”, annoy“使生气”, amaze “使惊讶”, delight “使高兴”。
22. A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。他从来没有试图做任何东西, 所有的玩具都是买的。
23. A. used　 B. cost　 C. wasted　D. needed
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。它花费了一美元。
24. A. searching B. feeling
C. admiring D. attending
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。约翰很快开始欣赏起他朋友的小马。search“搜索, 搜寻”, feel“感觉”, admire“欣赏, 钦佩”, attend“出席”。
25. A. vivid B. common
C. similar D. rare
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。当天晚上, 他就试图为自己做一个相似的小马。vivid“生动的”, common“常见的, 普遍的”, similar“相似的”, rare“罕见的, 稀少的”。
26. A. picked out B. came through
C. picked off D. came over
【解析】选A。短语辨析题。他去柴棚挑了两块木头。pick out“挑选”, come through“度过”, pick off“摘下”, come over“顺便来访”。
27. A. surprise B. regret
C. relief D. satisfaction
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。他花了两到三天的时间做出了令自己满意的造型。to one’s surprise “令某人惊讶”, to one’s regret“令某人后悔”, to one’s relief“令某人宽慰”, to one’s satisfaction“令某人满意”。
28. A. excited B. cheered
C. puzzled D. amused
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。根据上文But what about the wheels 可知约翰不知道怎样做轮子, 所以这个事情难到他了。excite“使兴奋”, cheer“加油”, puzzle“使迷惑”, amuse“使感到有趣”。
29. A. approach B. curiosity
C. concern D. purpose
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。圆形的木头可以满足他的目的。approach“方法”, curiosity“好奇心”, concern“关心, 担心”, purpose“目的”。
30. A. dream B. work C. house D. wood
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。对他伟大的作品感到骄傲。
31. A. funny B. horrible
C. ugly D. dull
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据下文“Where did you buy it ”可知汤姆以为小马是买来的, 所以应该是一个有趣的玩具。funny“有趣的”, horrible“可怕的”, ugly“丑陋的”, dull“乏味的”。
32. A. asked B. replied
C. reminded D. insisted
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。上面汤姆问, 下面约翰答。
33. A. pound B. bill C. note D. dollar
【解析】选D。词汇复现题。上文提到汤姆花了一美元买小马。
34. A. rolling B. slipping
C. passing D. marching
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。上文提到小马有轮子, 所以应该是在约翰身后滚动。
35. A. for sure B. in vain
C. at least D. above all
【解析】选B。短语辨析题。小马真的一钱不值, 约翰的努力都白费了吗 in vain“徒劳, 白费”。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Wolong Panda Reserve Research Center was set up in 1958 36. __________ (save) the declining panda population. The Panda Reserve is a three-hour drive from Chengdu. It’s a natural reserve 37. __________ (cover)over 200, 000 hectares. As the 38. __________ (large)panda reserve of all in China, Wolong 39. __________ (add) to UNESCO in 1980.
　　In 2003 Wolong Panda Reserve opened up wildlife observation areas, and it 40. __________ (attract) over 100, 000 visitors each year. The Wolong Panda Reserve is also home to other rare and endangered wild animals such as the golden monkey, red panda, and more.
　　Panda is 41. __________ (usual) classified in the bear family, and is native to central and southern China. Pandas’ main food is bamboo, but they also eat foods such as fish, eggs, and honey.
　　Adult pandas have a 42. __________ (long) of 1. 6m to 1. 8m, and weight between 176 to 275 pounds. Pandas have a large head 43. __________ obvious black patches around the eyes, ears, and the body.
　　Pandas are found in mountainous regions 44. __________ are thick with bamboo in Sichuan and Tibet. Pandas reproduce very slowly, and infant mortality(死亡率)is high—these are major reasons why it’s such 45. __________ endangered species.
【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了卧龙大熊猫保护区, 以及大熊猫的体态和生活繁殖情况。
36. 【解析】to save。考查不定式。句意: 卧龙大熊猫保护区研究中心成立于1958年, 旨在挽救不断减少的大熊猫种群。不定式作目的状语, 故填to save。
37. 【解析】covering。考查现在分词。句意: 这是一个占地20多万公顷的自然保护区。cover和它所修饰的reserve之间是主动关系, 所以用现在分词作后置定语, 故填covering。
38. 【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。句意: 卧龙作为中国最大的大熊猫保护区, 于1980年加入联合国教科文组织。空格处后面有of表示的范围, 前面有定冠词the, 所以用形容词最高级, 故填largest。
39. 【解析】was added。考查时态和语态。句意: 卧龙作为中国最大的大熊猫保护区, 于1980年加入联合国教科文组织。表示“被添加”, 所以用被动语态; 描述过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时; 主语为专有名词, 为第三人称单数, 故填was added。
40. 【解析】attracts。考查主谓一致。句意: 2003年, 卧龙大熊猫保护区开发了野生动物观察区, 每年吸引游客超过10万人次。each year和一般现在时连用, 且主语为it, 故填attracts。
41. 【解析】usually。考查副词。句意: 大熊猫通常归入熊科, 原属于中国中部和南部。修饰句子, 所以用副词, 故填usually。
42. 【解析】length。考查固定搭配。句意: 成年大熊猫长1. 6米到1. 8米, 体重在176磅到275磅之间。a length of长度为, 为固定搭配, 故填length。
43. 【解析】with。考查介词。句意: 大熊猫的头很大, 眼睛、耳朵和身体周围有明显的黑色斑点。表示“带有”, 且后跟名词, 所以用介词with。
44. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。句意: 大熊猫分布在四川和西藏竹子丛生的山区。先行词为物, 且在定语从句中作主语, 故填that/which。
45. 【解析】an。考查冠词。句意: 这些是它成为濒危物种的主要原因。泛指一个, 所以用不定冠词, endangered是读音以元音音素开头的, 故填an。
第三部分　写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
　　你是一位高一新生, 要向全班同学做一个关于动物保护的演讲。请根据自己了解的知识写一篇演讲稿。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Hello, everyone:
　　Animals are friends of mankind and an important part of the natural ecosystem.
　　But now many animals are facing the danger of extinction. The wild animal’s living area is becoming increasingly narrow. Many of the animals are facing a food crisis currently. Some people even kill wild animals for different reasons.
　　In order to maintain ecological balance, we should take some effective measures to protect animals. The most important thing is to improve people’s knowledge of animal protection.
　　Thanks for your listening.
第二节(满分25分)
　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·临沂高一检测)
Katie had always felt like she never connected with anyone. There was no one she considered a friend. So, when her parents decided to move, she was okay with it. She didn’t feel sad because she wasn’t leaving anyone behind.
She was eight when they moved to a new town. It wasn’t that different from where they had lived before. There were a lot of trees and kids running around outside, riding bikes and playing.
One day her mother caught her staring(盯着看)out the window at some kids playing. Her mom told her to go out and play with those kids. So Katie went out. She could see that they were all having fun and she wanted to join in but she was afraid. She tried to muster up(鼓起)the courage to ask them if she could join them but she just couldn’t do it.
She decided to go for a walk instead. She liked how peaceful the town was. The people seemed nice and polite. Her stroll(闲逛)finally led her to the town’s lake. She felt the rush of cold air hitting her face. The beauty of the lake was something to behold. She sat there admiring it and decided that this would be her place. She would come here every day and maybe one day, she would bring her friends here.
After school, she always stopped by the lake before going home. She swore(发誓)she could stay there for hours, maybe even live there. If she ever got hungry, she always had food ready in her bag.
One day when she was writing a poem about the lake, she heard her stomach growl(咕咕叫). She put down her notebook and her pen and got her sandwich out. She was about to take a bite when she heard a noise. This alarmed her. She hadn’t heard or seen anything strange before. She looked around and suddenly she noticed that there was something black moving toward the bank.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
　　“A swimming black dog! ” Katie cried out in surprise. ____________________
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　　Every day, Katie brought five extra sandwiches for her friend. _____________
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【参考范文】
　　“A swimming black dog! ” Katie cried out in surprise. First she felt a little frightened, because the dog was huge and wet. Then she tried to calm herself and guessed that “maybe it is just hungry”. So she offered her sandwich to the dog. After finishing its meal, the dog walked up to her and sat down beside her. She bravely reached out her hand to touch its head and introduced herself to it. The dog nodded as if to say “Nice to meet you, Katie. ”From then on, Katie and the dog became friends.
　　Every day, Katie brought five extra sandwiches for her friend. She told the dog everything that happened to her at school. Sometimes, she sang or danced and the dog just nodded along. For the first time, she didn’t feel lonely. When her classmates knew there was a lovely dog swimming in the lake, they went with her to play with it after school every day. They spent time with her and the dog. All of them played games, sang and danced. Having many friends gave her joy.
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