资源简介

晨背知识清单
词汇 含义及拓展
astronaut n.宇航员；太空人
procedure n.程序；步骤；手续 [同]process
mental adj.精神的；思想的 [派]mentally adv.精神上；智力上；思想上 physically adv.身体上
cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米
intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的；智能的 [派]intelligence n．智慧；智力
rocket n.火箭；火箭弹 vi.飞速上升；飞驰
gravity n.重力；引力；严肃；严重性
frontier n.边境；国界；边远地区；[常用复数] 新领域
vehicle n.交通工具；车辆；手段，工具
determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 determine vt.查明；确定；决定 [派]determination n．决心；决定
satellite n.人造卫星；卫星
launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 Look before you leap.三思而后行。
mankind n.人类 [同]human beings/human race
agency n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 agent n．代理人，代理商，经纪人
transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送 [派]transmission n．(无线电、电视等信号的)播送，发送
data n.[pl.]资料；数据
on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
spacecraft n.航天器；宇宙飞船
disappointment n.失望；沮丧 disappoint vt.使失望 [派]disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的
desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 [派]desirable adj.值得做的；值得拥有的；理想的 [同]be eager to do sth/long to do sth/look forward to doing sth
universe n.宇宙；天地万物 [派]universal adj.全世界的；普遍的；通用的 universally adv.普遍地
carry on 继续做，坚持干 [同]go on/continue carry on doing sth/carry on with sth继续做某事 carry out实行；执行 carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
make sure 确保
go wrong 出现问题，发生故障，出毛病
come true 实现
focus on/upon 集中(精力、注意力等)于
believe in 相信；信任；信赖
succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
look up 抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
to this day 至今；直到今天
independently adv.独立地；自立地 depend vi.依靠；依赖；取决于；由……决定 [派]independent adj.独立的；自立的 independence n．独立；自立
spacewalk n.太空行走；太空行走的时间
jade n.玉；翡翠；玉器
module n.舱；组件；模块
signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号；示意 n．信号；标志 signal to sb to do sth示意某人做某事
in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
so as to (do sth) 为了；以便
recycle vt.回收利用；再利用 cycle vi.& vt.(使)循环 vi.骑自行车 [派]recyclable adj.可回收利用的，可再循环的 recycling n．回收利用；再利用
muscle n.肌肉；实力；影响力
lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏 [派]lacking adj.缺乏；不足 [同]shortage/be short of
float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 feel like floating in an ocean of sadness感觉漂浮在悲伤的海洋里
otherwise adv.否则；要不然；在其他方面 [同]or
beyond prep.在更远处；超出；除……以外；非……所及 beyond repair/control/belief 无法修理/控制/相信 beyond the reach of sb/beyond one’s reach 够不着；力所不及 be beyond sb超出某人的理解能力
solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的
current adj.当前的；现在的；通用的；流通的 n．水流；电流；思潮 [派]currently adv.现时；当前 [同]present
figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
sufficient adj.足够的；充足的 [派]insufficient adj.不充分的，不够重要的 [同]enough/adequate/plenty
soap n.肥皂
towel n.毛巾；抹布 throw in the towel [非正式用语] 认输；承认失败
telescope n.望远镜
microwave n.(also microwave oven)微波炉
tissue n.纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
facility n.设施；设备 [同]device/equipment
keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 [同]eager/crazy/interested be keen on热衷于；爱好
enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
be curious about 对……好奇
due to 由于，因为
give up 放弃
can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
a number of 许多；大量
globe n.地球；世界；地球仪 [派]global adj.全面的；全球的
argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 [派]argument n．争论；争吵；论点 [同]debate
fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 [同]deadly
shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
result in 导致；造成 [同]bring about/lead to/contribute to/cause
pattern n.模式；图案；模范 set the pattern for为……树立典范
analysis n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果 analyz(s)e v．分析 carry out/do an analysis of对……作分析
as a result 所以；结果(是) [同]as a consequence/consequently/thus/therefore
high-end adj.高端的
monitor n.监视器；监测仪；(学校的)班长 vt.监视；监测；监控
regularly adv.经常；定期地 regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的 n．常客 [派]irregular adj.无规律的；不规则的 on a regular basis定期；经常 regular customer/bus常客/班车
foam n.泡沫橡胶；泡沫
pillow n.枕头
smartphone n.智能手机
resource n.资源；财力；物力
limited adj.有限的；有限制的 limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度 [派]limitless/unlimited adj.无限制的 limitation n．局限；限制
provide for sb 提供生活所需
closing adj.结尾的；结束的 n．停业；关闭；倒闭 close vt.& vi.关闭adj.近的；亲密的 adv.接近 [派]closely adv.仔细地；严密地 in closing最后
mystery n.神秘事物；谜 [派]mysterious adj.神秘的
run out 用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
attach vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属；(使)隶属 [派]attached adj.附着的；依恋的；热爱的 attachment n．附件；依恋；连接
oxygen n.氧；氧气
whether...or... 不管……还是……
fail to do sth 未能做某事
make a difference 有影响；有作用
at present 目前；现在
at work 忙着(做某事)；起作用
太空 the Galaxy银河系　 the solar system太阳系　　　 outer space外太空 planet n．行星 satellite n．卫星，人造卫星 orbit n．轨道 habitable planets宜居行星 space stations太空站，空间站 taikonaut n．(中国的)航天员 crew n．全体机组人员 an unmanned probe无人探测器 attend pilot training参加飞行员培训 lander n．着陆器 enter the space programme 进入太空计划
探索 walk in space太空行走　launch a satellite发射卫星　astronomer n．天文学家 a scientific breakthrough一项科学突破　the selection procedure 选拔程序 collect data and send it back to the Earth收集数据并将其传回地球 set out on a mission to explore...开始探索……的太空飞行任务 send a (manned) spacecraft into space/orbit发送(载人)宇宙飞船至太空/轨道 with the development of aerospace science and technology随着航空航天科技的发展
意义 space tourism太空旅游　　 　promote technical innovation 推动技术革新 find out the secrets of the universe弄清宇宙的奥秘 help us survive well into the future帮助我们更好地生存到未来 offer solutions to people’s problems 为人类的问题提供解决办法 make our life comfortable and convenient使我们的生活更加舒适、方便
Mankind all over the globe has been devoted to exploring space for thousands of years in the hope of figuring out the mysteries of the universe.For lack of oxygen，sending intelligent as well as independent astronauts to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. Astronauts on board must pass strict selection procedures and accept mental and physical training so as to adapt to floating in space.Scientists in frontier science are keen to make facilities like rockets，giant spacecrafts and satellites that can get rid of the Earth’s gravity and determined to assist humans to realise their dream. Although fatal disasters make everyone sad and disappointed，the desire to explore the universe never dies.This is because they attach importance to carrying on exploring space.Space exploration can provide sufficient resources for us. After all，limited resources on the Earth are running out.The Space Agency has launched many satellites that orbit the Earth in the last decade.These satellites can regularly transmit significant data back to the Earth，which further provide guidance for scientific research.As a result，it is beyond argument that more breakthroughs in space exploration will be made in the near future.
However，some people argue that exploring space is a waste of time and money，which I think is a shallow opinion.Actually，space exploration produces many current products，such as high-end smartphones, memory foam pillows，microwaves，and monitors.
几千年来，全世界的人类都致力于探索太空，希望能解开宇宙的奥秘。由于缺乏氧气，将聪明且独立的宇航员送到其他行星甚至太阳系之外并不是一个容易实现的目标。宇航员必须经过严格的选拔程序，并接受心理和身体的训练，以适应在太空中漂浮。前沿科学领域的科学家们热衷于制造能够摆脱地球引力的火箭、巨型宇宙飞船和卫星等设施，决心帮助人类实现他们的梦想。虽然致命的灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望永远不会消失。这是因为他们重视继续探索太空。太空探索可以为我们提供充足的资源。毕竟，地球上有限的资源正在耗尽。在过去的十年里，航天局发射了许多绕地球运行的卫星。这些卫星可以定期将重要数据传回地球，进一步为科学研究提供指导。因此，在不久的将来，太空探索将取得更多的突破，这是无可争辩的。 然而，有些人认为探索太空是浪费时间和金钱，我认为这是一个肤浅的观点。实际上，太空探索催生了许多当前的产品，如高端智能手机、记忆棉枕头、微波炉和监视器。
Period 1　Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the interview on P38 and choose the best answer.
1．When did Yang Liwei become China’s first astronaut
A．At the age of 22.
B．At the age of 32.
C．At the age of 38.
答案　C
2．Which of the following pilots may be chosen as an astronaut
A．170 centimetres,72 kilograms.
B．168 centimetres,69 kilograms.
C．172 centimetres,70 kilograms.
答案　B
3．What does Yang Liwei think of becoming an astronaut
A．Tiring but worthwhile.
B．Easy and effortless.
C．Challenging and tough.
答案　A
4．What is Yang Liwei doing in the conversation
A．Accepting an interview.
B．Telling his own experience.
C．Sharing what he has learnt to be an astronaut.
答案　A
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the interview on P38 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Interviewer：Today we are very pleased to chat with Mr Yang Liwei，the first Chinese astronaut.Welcome to the show，Mr Yang.
Mr Yang: Thank you.
Interviewer：Mr Yang，our audience is very 1.curious about how you succeeded in becoming China’s first astronaut.It must have been a very difficult thing 2.to achieve.Did you always want to be an astronaut
Mr Yang：Yes，I dreamt of it when I was young，but I never thought my wish would come true.It took a long time.First，I got my college degree when I was 3.22，and then I worked as a fighter pilot for around 10 years.I finally became China’s first astronaut when I was 4.38 years old.
Interviewer：Oh，so you must be a really experienced pilot.Do you think that was one of the reasons why you were chosen for the space programme
Mr Yang：Sure，I had 5.1,350 hours of flight experience，which I think really helped me.
Interviewer：So how difficult was it to join the space programme
Mr Yang：There was a lot of 6.competition.Altogether,14 of us were chosen from among 1,500 pilots to train for space flights.
Interviewer：That sounds really difficult.Did you also have to be a certain size and weight
Mr Yang：Yes，at the time，you had to be shorter than 172 centimetres in height and weigh less than 70 kilograms.You also had to be in 7.perfect health and perfect shape.
Interviewer：So you were the perfect choice！As we all know an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.But you also had to study a lot，too，right
Mr Yang：Yes，I had to learn English，science，and astronomy.I also had to practise using 8.space equipment，and do a lot of mental and physical training.It was very tiring，but I was so proud to have the opportunity.
Ⅲ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the interview on P43 and choose the best answer.
1．What are the speakers talking about
A．Brown’s life in space.
B．Brown’s life experience.
C．Brown’s achievements in space.
答案　A
2．How did Brown keep himself clean in space
A．He took a shower in space.
B．He used a soapy towel to wash.
C．He used floating water to wash.
答案　B
3．What did Brown spend most of his time doing
A．Playing the guitar.
B．Doing different experiments.
C．Making video calls with his family.
答案　B
Ⅳ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the interview on P43 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Interviewer：Hello，Captain Brown.You’re back on Earth now.Are you happy to be back
Captain Brown：Well，yes and no.It’s great to see my family again，but I also miss the International Space Station.I’ve gotten used to 1.floating around just wearing shorts and a T-shirt.
Interviewer：So let me ask about the space station.Was eating in space difficult
Captain Brown：Not really.We don’t have 2.to cook in space.We choose what we want to eat before we go to space，and then the food is prepared and stored for us.We just have to heat the food and enjoy it.
Interviewer：Cool.Well，I know astronauts cannot 3.shower in space since the water would float away，so I’d love to know how you keep yourselves clean.
Captain Brown：Oh，we use a soapy towel to wash.And we brush our teeth 4.the same way as we do on Earth.But astronauts usually 5.swallow their toothpaste.
Interviewer：Gosh，I hope it tasted good! So how long did you stay in space during your last mission
Captain Brown：I was there for more than 6.five months.
Interviewer：Wow！So what kind of work did you do up there
Captain Brown：I was usually busy doing different experiments.
Interviewer：Did you have any free time Do astronauts get time off
Captain Brown：Yes.When I was free，I played 7.the guitar.That’s right—I took my guitar with me.I also played chess.My favourite thing to do，though，was to have my weekly 8.video call with my family.
发音规律——重音
英语重音分为句子重音和词重音。
一、句子重音
1．功能：体现句子的节奏感和韵律感，突出重点，使听者更容易理解。
2．哪些词在句子中需重读
一般来说，在句子中需重读的词都是实词，比如名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等。不重读的多为虚词，比如冠词、连词、介词、感叹词等。
例如：The streets are wide and clean.
I am so glad to see you again.
3．虚词需要重读的情况
(1)强调或突出某个虚词或be动词时，应将其重读。
—Are you a student
—Yes，I am.
(2)介词在句首时往往要重读。
On my way to school，my bike was broken.
(3)be动词或助动词和not结合时要重读。
Didn’t I tell you yesterday
(4)句子末尾的be动词和助动词一般要重读。
注意：上文刚出现过的并且重读的单词，第二次提到时一般不再重读。
二、词重音
英语中的重读音节和非重读音节
重读闭音节是指这个单词是重读音节。以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾，而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。
1．闭音节
(1)单音节：音标中含有一个元音音素(单音节全是省略了重读符号的重读音节)；
(2)双音节：音标中含有两个元音音素(会有重读符号标在某个需重读的音节前)；
(3)多音节：音标中含有三个或三个以上的元音音素(会有重读符号标在某个需重读的音节前)。
2．开音节
(1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单音节。如：be，he。
(2)以辅音字母(r除外)＋不发音的e结尾的音节。如：make，like。在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
作业1
[分值：37.5分]
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk.
A recent study published in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy concluded “that current practices have a 10 percent chance of one or more deaths over a decade”．In other words，according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia，there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone.
The space junk orbiting the Earth is an unfortunate by-product of our desire to explore and document space.According to 2021 figures from NASA and the Department of Defense’s Space Surveillance Data，the agencies were actively tracking more than 27,000 pieces of space junk，most of which are larger than a softball and casually orbit the planet.While the floating space junk is certainly a problem，not all the objects that went up must come down，and，in fact，a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere.But sometimes those objects，particularly large ones like used rocket attachments，give in to gravity and fall back down to Earth to be dealt with once again by their human makers.Typically，people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon—many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean.
They also have to deal with the unsettling feeling of knowing that large rocket pieces can just fall from the sky and that it might affect people in certain parts of the world more than others.
This poses an obvious safety risk to people on the ground.“When some large parts of space junk return to Earth，the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere.Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous，giving serious risks on land，at sea，and to people in airplanes，” the study explains.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾。一项最近发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上的研究得出结论，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的概率造成一人或多人死亡。
1．What is the conclusion of the study published in Nature Astronomy
A．People will see space junk easily in the future.
B．Some people may be hit to death by objects from the space.
C．Government agencies and private industries will develop fast.
D．There will be a 10 percent chance for human to die in 10 years.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In other words，according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia，there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone.”可知，有些人可能会被来自太空的物体砸死。故选B。
2．What can be inferred from the third paragraph
A．The space junk will get burnt in the sky.
B．The large space junk will pollute the ocean.
C．The floating space junk will come down finally.
D．Normally we should not worry about space junk.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While the floating space junk is certainly a problem，not all the objects that went up must come down，and，in fact，a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere.”以及“Typically，people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon—many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean.”可知，虽然太空漂浮垃圾是个问题，但是很多碎片在大气中燃烧了，或者正常情况下，许多太空垃圾碎片都坠入了海洋。故选D。
3．What might be discussed in the following part of the text
A．How to find space junk.
B．How to deal with space junk.
C．How to inform people of the danger.
D．How to avoid the danger of space junk.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘When some large parts of space junk return to Earth，the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere.Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous，giving serious risks on land，at sea，and to people in airplanes，’the study explains.”可知，当一些大块的太空垃圾返回地球时，它们的质量部分在大气层的高温下幸存下来，由此对陆地、海上和飞机上的人造成严重的风险。由此推测下文应该阐述的是如何处理这些太空垃圾。故选B。
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Space Junk Causes Pollution
B．How to Take Back Space Junk
C．Space Junk Puts People at Risk
D．Exploring Space Takes in Unfortunate Results
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。结合全文内容，尤其根据第一段“Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries，comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk.”可知，本文主要讲了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的概率造成一人或多人死亡。C项“太空垃圾使人们面临危险”符合文章主题，最适合作本文标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
The moon is a mysterious place that has fascinated humans for centuries.As technology has advanced，our ability to explore the moon has also increased. 1
One of the most significant advancements in moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft. 2 These spacecraft are able to travel to the moon and collect data that help us understand more about its composition，atmosphere，and geological features.By studying the moon，scientists can gain insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system.
Another exciting aspect of lunar exploration is the potential for resource extraction(提取)． 3 They could be used for various purposes，including the production of fuel and building materials.Extracting these resources could help reduce our dependence on Earth-based resources and pave the way for a more sustainable future.
Moreover，lunar exploration also holds the promise of scientific discovery.By studying the moon，we can gain a deeper understanding of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it. 4 Furthermore，new scientific theories could revolutionize our understanding of the world.
5 The moon’s harsh environment，lack of atmosphere，and extreme temperature variations make it a difficult place to conduct experiments and operations.Despite these challenges，scientists and engineers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in lunar exploration.
In conclusion，lunar exploration is an exciting and important field that offers vast potential for scientific discovery and resource extraction.As technology continues to advance，we can expect to see more advancements in this area and a deeper understanding of the moon and its role in our solar system.
A．They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time.
B．However，lunar exploration is not without its challenges.
C．It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life.
D．This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology.
E．The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources.
F．Here are some of the introductions to the unmanned spacecraft and new study.
G．Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits.
1．答案　G
解析　上文说随着科技的进步，我们探索月球的能力也增强了，下文几段介绍了月球探索的重要进步。本句为过渡句，引出后文月球探索的进展。故G选项“以下是月球探索的一些最新进展及其好处”符合语境，故选G。
2．答案　C
解析　上文说月球探索中最重要的进步之一是无人航天器的使用，后文说这些航天器能够前往月球并收集数据，帮助我们更多地了解月球甚至太阳系，可知本句承接上文，介绍无人航天器的好处。故C选项“它允许科学家在不危及人类生命的情况下收集数据”符合语境，故选C。
3．答案　E
解析　后文说它们可以用于各种目的，包括生产燃料和建筑材料，而开采这些资源有助于减少我们对地球资源的依赖，并为更可持续的未来铺平道路，可知本句应提到月球上有可以开采的资源，E选项的minerals and resources对应后文的They和these resources。故E选项“月球被认为含有有价值的矿物和资源”符合语境，故选E。
4．答案　D
解析　上文说月球探索也有科学发现的希望。通过研究月球，我们可以对宇宙和支配它的物理定律有更深的了解。后文说新的科学理论可以彻底改变我们对世界的理解。本句应承接上文，说明了解宇宙和物理定律的好处。故D选项“这种知识可能导致技术的进步”符合语境，故选D。
5．答案　B
解析　上文介绍了探月的进展及好处，后文说月球的恶劣环境、大气层稀薄和极端的温度变化使它成为一个难以进行实验和操作的地方，B选项“然而，探月并非没有挑战”既可与上文形成转折，又可引起下文列举的挑战，符合语境，后文的challenges也是提示，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Space exploration demands the most creative minds and has long been a proof of our thirst for knowledge.It is a journey full of challenges，yet driven by the dream of uncovering the universe’s 1.__________(secret)．
Space exploration is about figuring 2. the mysteries that lie light-years away，in 3.__________ hope of expanding the frontiers of human understanding.The development of such technologies often contributes to innovations(创新) 4. benefit everyday life.
Space agencies around the globe 5. (launch) many missions so far，with the aim of understanding the origins of stars and seeking out the potential for life beyond Earth.These missions，while awe-inspiring，are not without 6. (they) share of failure.The disappointment of a failed launch or a lost signal can be 7. (deep) felt by the teams who pour their hearts and minds into these projects.
However，it is in the face of such disappointment that the 8. (determine) of the scientific community truly shines.These persistent individuals continue to push the boundaries and learn from past experiences.Each failure is an opportunity 9. (improve)，and each new launch represents a fresh start.
As a result of these efforts，humanity has achieved remarkable achievements.Each achievement shows everything is possible when the 10. (intelligence) people combine a strong will and the hope of turning dreams into reality.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空探索的重要性、挑战性以及人类在太空探索中所取得的成就。
1．答案　secrets
解析　考查名词的数。此处泛指“宇宙的秘密”，应该使用secret的复数形式，故填secrets。
2．答案　out
解析　考查固定短语。figure out为固定短语，意为“弄清楚，弄明白”，故填out。
3．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。in the hope of为固定短语，表示“抱着……的希望”，故填the。
4．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词innovations(创新)，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
5．答案　have launched
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应该使用现在完成时，主语Space agencies为复数，故填have launched。
6．答案　their
解析　考查代词。空格处在句子中作定语，修饰名词share，应该使用they的形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的”，故填their。
7．答案　deeply
解析　考查副词。根据语境，此处应该使用deep的副词形式deeply，修饰动词felt，表示“深切地”，故填deeply。
8．答案　determination
解析　考查名词。空格处在句中作主语，根据前面的the可知，应该使用determine的名词形式determination，表示“决心”，为不可数名词，应使用单数形式，故填determination。
9．答案　to improve
解析　考查不定式。固定搭配an opportunity to do sth，意为“做某事的机会”，故填to improve。
10．答案　intelligent
解析　考查形容词。空格处在句子中作定语，修饰名词people，使用形容词，故填intelligent。(共59张PPT)
Period 1
Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
Space exploration
Unit 4
内容索引
Part 1　听力变式训练
Part 2　读音规则解读
作业1
听力变式训练
Listen to the interview on P38 and choose the best answer.
1.When did Yang Liwei become China’s first astronaut
A.At the age of 22.
B.At the age of 32.
C.At the age of 38.
√
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
2.Which of the following pilots may be chosen as an astronaut
A.170 centimetres,72 kilograms.
B.168 centimetres,69 kilograms.
C.172 centimetres,70 kilograms.
√
3.What does Yang Liwei think of becoming an astronaut
A.Tiring but worthwhile.
B.Easy and effortless.
C.Challenging and tough.
√
4.What is Yang Liwei doing in the conversation
A.Accepting an interview.
B.Telling his own experience.
C.Sharing what he has learnt to be an astronaut.
√
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the interview on P38 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Interviewer：Today we are very pleased to chat with Mr Yang Liwei，the first Chinese astronaut.Welcome to the show，Mr Yang.
Mr Yang: Thank you.
Interviewer：Mr Yang，our audience is very 1. how you succeeded in becoming China’s first astronaut.It must have been a very difficult thing 2. .Did you always want to be an astronaut
curious about
to achieve
Mr Yang：Yes，I dreamt of it when I was young，but I never thought my wish would come true.It took a long time.First，I got my college degree when I was 3. ，and then I worked as a fighter pilot for around 10 years.I finally became China’s first astronaut when I was 4.___
years old.
Interviewer：Oh，so you must be a really experienced pilot.Do you think that was one of the reasons why you were chosen for the space programme
22
38
Mr Yang：Sure，I had 5. of flight experience，which I think really helped me.
Interviewer：So how difficult was it to join the space programme
Mr Yang：There was a lot of 6. .Altogether,14 of us were chosen from among 1,500 pilots to train for space flights.
Interviewer：That sounds really difficult.Did you also have to be a certain size and weight
Mr Yang：Yes，at the time，you had to be shorter than 172 centimetres in height and weigh less than 70 kilograms.You also had to be in 7._______
and perfect shape.
1,350 hours
competition
perfect
health
Interviewer：So you were the perfect choice！As we all know an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.But you also had to study a lot，too，right
Mr Yang：Yes，I had to learn English，science，and astronomy.I also had to practise using 8. ，and do a lot of mental and physical training.It was very tiring，but I was so proud to have the opportunity.
space equipment
Listen to the interview on P43 and choose the best answer.
1.What are the speakers talking about
A.Brown’s life in space.
B.Brown’s life experience.
C.Brown’s achievements in space.
√
Ⅲ.选择填空(高考形式)
2.How did Brown keep himself clean in space
A.He took a shower in space.
B.He used a soapy towel to wash.
C.He used floating water to wash.
√
3.What did Brown spend most of his time doing
A.Playing the guitar.
B.Doing different experiments.
C.Making video calls with his family.
√
Listen to the interview on P43 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Interviewer：Hello，Captain Brown.You’re back on Earth now.Are you happy to be back
Captain Brown：Well，yes and no.It’s great to see my family again，but I also miss the International Space Station.I’ve gotten used to 1.________
just wearing shorts and a T-shirt.
Interviewer：So let me ask about the space station.Was eating in space difficult
Ⅳ.听力填空(精听训练)
floating
around
Captain Brown：Not really.We don’t have 2. in space.We choose what we want to eat before we go to space，and then the food is prepared and stored for us.We just have to heat the food and enjoy it.
Interviewer：Cool.Well，I know astronauts cannot 3. in space since the water would float away，so I’d love to know how you keep yourselves clean.
Captain Brown：Oh，we use a soapy towel to wash.And we brush our teeth 4. as we do on Earth.But astronauts usually 5._______
their toothpaste.
to cook
shower
the same way
swallow
Interviewer：Gosh，I hope it tasted good! So how long did you stay in space during your last mission
Captain Brown：I was there for more than 6. .
Interviewer：Wow！So what kind of work did you do up there
Captain Brown：I was usually busy doing different experiments.
Interviewer：Did you have any free time Do astronauts get time off
Captain Brown：Yes.When I was free，I played 7. .That’s right—I took my guitar with me.I also played chess.My favourite thing to do，though，was to have my weekly 8. with my family.
five months
the guitar
返 回
video call
读音规则解读
发音规律——重音
英语重音分为句子重音和词重音。
一、句子重音
1.功能：体现句子的节奏感和韵律感，突出重点，使听者更容易理解。
2.哪些词在句子中需重读
一般来说，在句子中需重读的词都是实词，比如名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等。不重读的多为虚词，比如冠词、连词、介词、感叹词等。
例如：The streets are wide and clean.
I am so glad to see you again.
3.虚词需要重读的情况
(1)强调或突出某个虚词或be动词时，应将其重读。
—Are you a student
—Yes，I am.
(2)介词在句首时往往要重读。
On my way to school，my bike was broken.
(3)be动词或助动词和not结合时要重读。
Didn’t I tell you yesterday
(4)句子末尾的be动词和助动词一般要重读。
注意：上文刚出现过的并且重读的单词，第二次提到时一般不再重读。
二、词重音
英语中的重读音节和非重读音节
重读闭音节是指这个单词是重读音节。以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾，而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。
1.闭音节
(1)单音节：音标中含有一个元音音素(单音节全是省略了重读符号的重读音节)；
返 回
(2)双音节：音标中含有两个元音音素(会有重读符号标在某个需重读的音节前)；
(3)多音节：音标中含有三个或三个以上的元音音素(会有重读符号标在某个需重读的音节前)。
2.开音节
(1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单音节。如：be，he。
(2)以辅音字母(r除外)＋不发音的e结尾的音节。如：make，like。在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
作业1
Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk.
Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(此篇精读)
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾。一项最近发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上的研究得出结论，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的概率造成一人或多人死亡。
A recent study published in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy concluded “that current practices have a 10 percent chance of one or more deaths over a decade”.In other words，according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia，there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone.
The space junk orbiting the Earth is an unfortunate by-product of our desire to explore and document space.According to 2021 figures from NASA and the Department of Defense’s Space Surveillance Data，the agencies were actively tracking more than 27,000 pieces of space junk，most of which are larger than a softball and casually orbit the planet.While the floating space junk is certainly a problem，not all the objects that went up must come down，and，in fact，a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere.But sometimes those objects，particularly large ones like used rocket attachments，give in to gravity and fall back down to Earth to be dealt with once again by their human makers.Typically，people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon—many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean.
They also have to deal with the unsettling feeling of knowing that large rocket pieces can just fall from the sky and that it might affect people in certain parts of the world more than others.
This poses an obvious safety risk to people on the ground.“When some large parts of space junk return to Earth，the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere.Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous，giving serious risks on land，at sea，and to people in airplanes，” the study explains.
1.What is the conclusion of the study published in Nature Astronomy
A.People will see space junk easily in the future.
B.Some people may be hit to death by objects from the space.
C.Government agencies and private industries will develop fast.
D.There will be a 10 percent chance for human to die in 10 years.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In other words，according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia，there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone.”可知，有些人可能会被来自太空的物体砸死。故选B。
解析
2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph
A.The space junk will get burnt in the sky.
B.The large space junk will pollute the ocean.
C.The floating space junk will come down finally.
D.Normally we should not worry about space junk.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While the floating space junk is certainly a problem，not all the objects that went up must come down，and，in fact，a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere.”以及“Typically，people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon—many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean.”可知，虽然太空漂浮垃圾是个问题，但是很多碎片在大气中燃烧了，或者正常情况下，许多太空垃圾碎片都坠入了海洋。故选D。
解析
3.What might be discussed in the following part of the text
A.How to find space junk.
B.How to deal with space junk.
C.How to inform people of the danger.
D.How to avoid the danger of space junk.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘When some large parts of space junk return to Earth，the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere.Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous，giving serious risks on land，at sea，and to people in airplanes，’the study explains.”可知，当一些大块的太空垃圾返回地球时，它们的质量部分在大气层的高温下幸存下来，由此对陆地、海上和飞机上的人造成严重的风险。由此推测下文应该阐述的是如何处理这些太空垃圾。故选B。
解析
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.Space Junk Causes Pollution
B.How to Take Back Space Junk
C.Space Junk Puts People at Risk
D.Exploring Space Takes in Unfortunate Results
√
标题归纳题。结合全文内容，尤其根据第一段“Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries，comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk.”可知，本文主要讲了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的概率造成一人或多人死亡。C项“太空垃圾使人们面临危险”符合文章主题，最适合作本文标题。故选C。
解析
The moon is a mysterious place that has fascinated humans for centuries.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球探索的最新进展以及好处和挑战。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
As technology has advanced，our ability to explore the moon has also increased. 1
A.They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time.
B.However，lunar exploration is not without its challenges.
C.It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life.
D.This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology.
E.The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources.
F.Here are some of the introductions to the unmanned spacecraft and new study.
G.Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits.
√
上文说随着科技的进步，我们探索月球的能力也增强了，下文几段介绍了月球探索的重要进步。本句为过渡句，引出后文月球探索的进展。故G选项“以下是月球探索的一些最新进展及其好处”符合语境，故选G。
解析
One of the most significant advancements in moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft. 2 These spacecraft are able to travel to the moon and collect data that help us understand more about its composition，atmosphere，and geological features.
A.They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time.
B.However，lunar exploration is not without its challenges.
C.It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life.
D.This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology.
E.The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources.
F.Here are some of the introductions to the unmanned spacecraft and new study.
G.Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits.
√
上文说月球探索中最重要的进步之一是无人航天器的使用，后文说这些航天器能够前往月球并收集数据，帮助我们更多地了解月球甚至太阳系，可知本句承接上文，介绍无人航天器的好处。故C选项“它允许科学家在不危及人类生命的情况下收集数据”符合语境，故选C。
解析
By studying the moon，scientists can gain insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system.
Another exciting aspect of lunar exploration is the potential for resource extraction(提取). 3 They could be used for various purposes，including the production of fuel and building materials.
A.They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time.
B.However，lunar exploration is not without its challenges.
C.It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life.
D.This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology.
E.The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources.
F.Here are some of the introductions to the unmanned spacecraft and new study.
G.Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits.
√
后文说它们可以用于各种目的，包括生产燃料和建筑材料，而开采这些资源有助于减少我们对地球资源的依赖，并为更可持续的未来铺平道路，可知本句应提到月球上有可以开采的资源，E选项的minerals and resources对应后文的They和these resources。故E选项“月球被认为含有有价值的矿物和资源”符合语境，故选E。
解析
Extracting these resources could help reduce our dependence on Earth-based resources and pave the way for a more sustainable future.
Moreover，lunar exploration also holds the promise of scientific discovery.
By studying the moon，we can gain a deeper understanding of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it. 4 Furthermore，new scientific theories could revolutionize our understanding of the world.
A.They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time.
B.However，lunar exploration is not without its challenges.
C.It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life.
D.This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology.
E.The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources.
F.Here are some of the introductions to the unmanned spacecraft and new study.
G.Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits.
√
上文说月球探索也有科学发现的希望。通过研究月球，我们可以对宇宙和支配它的物理定律有更深的了解。后文说新的科学理论可以彻底改变我们对世界的理解。本句应承接上文，说明了解宇宙和物理定律的好处。故D选项“这种知识可能导致技术的进步”符合语境，故选D。
解析
5 The moon’s harsh environment，lack of atmosphere，and extreme temperature variations make it a difficult place to conduct experiments and operations.Despite these challenges，scientists and engineers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in lunar exploration.
A.They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time.
B.However，lunar exploration is not without its challenges.
C.It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life.
D.This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology.
E.The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources.
F.Here are some of the introductions to the unmanned spacecraft and new study.
G.Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits.
√
上文介绍了探月的进展及好处，后文说月球的恶劣环境、大气层稀薄和极端的温度变化使它成为一个难以进行实验和操作的地方，B选项“然而，探月并非没有挑战”既可与上文形成转折，又可引起下文列举的挑战，符合语境，后文的challenges也是提示，故选B。
解析
In conclusion，lunar exploration is an exciting and important field that offers vast potential for scientific discovery and resource extraction.As technology continues to advance，we can expect to see more advancements in this area and a deeper understanding of the moon and its role in our solar system.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Space exploration demands the most creative minds and has long been a proof of our thirst for knowledge.It is a journey full of challenges，yet driven by the dream of uncovering the universe’s 1._________(secret).
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空探索的重要性、挑战性以及人类在太空探索中所取得的成就。
secrets
考查名词的数。此处泛指“宇宙的秘密”，应该使用secret的复数形式，故填secrets。
解析
Space exploration is about figuring 2. the mysteries that lie light-years away，in 3._______ hope of expanding the frontiers of human understanding.
2.考查固定短语。figure out为固定短语，意为“弄清楚，弄明白”，故填out。
3.考查冠词。in the hope of为固定短语，表示“抱着……的希望”，故填the。
解析
out
the
The development of such technologies often contributes to innovations(创新) 4. benefit everyday life.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词innovations(创新)，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
解析
that/which
Space agencies around the globe 5. (launch) many missions so far，with the aim of understanding the origins of stars and seeking out the potential for life beyond Earth.
have launched
考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应该使用现在完成时，主语Space agencies为复数，故填have launched。
解析
These missions，while awe-inspiring，are not without 6. (they) share of failure.The disappointment of a failed launch or a lost signal can be 7. (deep) felt by the teams who pour their hearts and minds into these projects.
their
6.考查代词。空格处在句子中作定语，修饰名词share，应该使用they的形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的”，故填their。
7.考查副词。根据语境，此处应该使用deep的副词形式deeply，修饰动词felt，表示“深切地”，故填deeply。
解析
deeply
However，it is in the face of such disappointment that the
8._____________(determine) of the scientific community truly shines.
determination
考查名词。空格处在句中作主语，根据前面的the可知，应该使用determine的名词形式determination，表示“决心”，为不可数名词，应使用单数形式，故填determination。
解析
These persistent individuals continue to push the boundaries and learn from past experiences.Each failure is an opportunity 9._______________
(improve)，and each new launch represents a fresh start.
考查不定式。固定搭配an opportunity to do sth，意为“做某事的机会”，故填to improve。
解析
to improve
As a result of these efforts，humanity has achieved remarkable achievements.Each achievement shows everything is possible when the
10. (intelligence) people combine a strong will and the hope of turning dreams into reality.
考查形容词。空格处在句子中作定语，修饰名词people，使用形容词，故填intelligent。
解析
intelligent
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