资源简介

Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分并完成练习
I am looking for a sports watch ①to help me keep track of my fitness and chart my training progress.I learned from an advertisement that whether I am a professional athlete or keen sportsperson，DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for me.It has a digital display ②to record my steps，speed and distance，as well as monitor the heart rate and calories burnt.It also has a voice control setting ③to enable me to stay hands-free，while its waterproof band is fully adjustable ④to be comfortable to wear.So I hurried to the supermarket ⑤to buy one，⑥only to be told that the DX Sports Watch is only available online now.
　　以上黑体部分均是动词不定式，其构成是to＋动词原形，即to do，否定式是not to do；动词不定式可以在句中作定语，如①，②和③，也可以在句中作状语，如④，⑤和⑥，其中⑥only to do作状语表示意料之外的结果。
动词不定式作定语和状语
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。
一、结构
基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。
否定形式：not to＋动词原形。
不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：
形式 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
二、动词不定式作定语
1．动词不定式常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示将来的动作。
We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有许多作业要做。
2．名词前有序数词以及the last，the next，the only等词或最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
3．抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4．不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语，如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
The lonely boy wants a friend to play with.
那个孤独的男孩想要一个朋友和他一起玩。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.给我一张纸写字。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①With their ability to see(see) ahead，they could signal any problem.
②The couple have an unusual way to make(make) their travel affordable.
③He has no pen to write with.
④The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set(set) up a Giant Panda National Park.
⑤He is the most suitable person to do(do) the job.
⑥Bob came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit(visit) him
三、动词不定式作状语
1．表示目的
动词不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，动词不定式前也可加 in order 或so as，但 so as to不能用于句首。
She went to the hospital to/in order to/so as to see her grandfather yesterday.
昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。
To/In order to catch up with others，the intelligent young man has been working very hard.为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直非常努力地工作。
2．表示结果
动词不定式作结果状语时常用如下结构：
(1)so＋形容词/副词＋as to do 如此……以至于……
(2)such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do 如此……以至于……
(3)形容词/副词＋enough＋to do 足够……做……
(4)too＋形容词/副词＋to do 太……而不能……
(5)不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。
He is not so intelligent as to do that.
他还没有聪明到做那件事的程度。
The astronaut is such a hard-working person as to make great achievements.
这名宇航员如此勤奋，结果他取得了巨大成就。
The girl is old enough to do her own things independently.
这个女孩已经长大了，可以独立地做自己的事情了。
The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
“加利福尼亚号”到得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。
He hurried to the agency，only to find the manager had left.
他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。
点津　现在分词短语也可以作结果状语，表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。
His parents died early，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母早亡，因此他成了孤儿。
3．表示原因
(1)常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋to do”结构中。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接动词不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased、foolish 等。
I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience.
听说你缺乏耐心我很失望。
I am more than delighted to hear that you have won first prize in the contest.
我非常高兴地得知你在比赛中获得了一等奖。
(2)常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do” 结构中。
这类形容词有easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、comfortable、heavy、good、important、impossible、dangerous 等，表示主语的特征或性质，动词不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The experiment is difficult to carry on.这个实验很难进行。
I am easy to get along with，so I will be fit for the position.
我很容易相处，因此，我适合这个职位。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Bailey took her arm to see(see) if she could walk forward with aid.
②To serve(serve) its function，a book must be activated by a user.
③The room is comfortable to live(live) in.
④He is old enough to study(study) independently.
⑤I am surprised to find(find) that he has made such a foolish mistake.
⑥Football is played in 80 countries，making(make) it the most popular sport all over the world.
完成句子
1．中国已成为第一个将探测器着陆在月球背面的国家。
China has become the first country to land a probe on the far side of the moon.
2．我们度假后回到家，却发现我们的花园既干净又整洁。
We came home after our holiday，only to find our garden neat and tidy.
3．有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
I feel greatly honoured to have the chance to deliver a speech here.
4．没有什么语言足以表达我的感激之情。
No words are strong enough to express how grateful I am.
5．每次我准备重要考试时，我都会焦虑得睡不着。
Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep.
6．我当了四年班长，能轻松处理突发事件。
I have been monitor for four years，enabling me to deal with unexpected matters easily. 　　　
作业3
[分值：80.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The building to be built(build) next year is our new teaching building.
2．Amy was the only person to remember(remember) my birthday.
3．In order to create(create) a good learning atmosphere，everyone is required to keep quiet.
4．Your ability to analyse(analyse) problems really surprised us.
5．He was too excited to speak(speak) when he heard the news.
6．I wish that my father were as easy to get(get) along with as my mother.
7．I have a lot of work to finish(finish)，so I can’t go to the shopping mall with you.
8．Thousands of words are not enough to express(express) how grateful we are to you.
9．I’m more than delighted to learn(learn) that you have been admitted to Peking University.
10．Anxiously，she searched high and low for her wallet，only to find(find) it was gone.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法(共6小题；每小题3分，满分18分)
(读后续写片段) 我立即给莎莉打电话解释误会。打通之后，我是如此愧疚，我真诚地向她道歉。她轻声说：“没关系。我也渴望和你和解。”我太感动了，而控制不住我的泪水。从那时起，我下定决心信任我所爱的人，因为一个小小的错误就有可能足够严重到毁掉我们珍贵的友谊。毕竟，信任是世界上最容易失去的东西。
I immediately called Sally 1.to/in order to/so as to explain the misunderstanding.After getting through，I was so guilty 2.as to apologize to her sincerely.She said softly，“Never mind.I also have the strong desire 3.to make up with you.” I was too moved 4.to control my tears.From then on，I determined to trust my loved ones，because a little mistake can be serious enough 5.to ruin our precious friendship.After all，trust is the easiest thing in the world 6.to lose.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon，growing crops will be important.Now，scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface，after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress(阿拉伯芥)，a small flowering plant，in the lunar soil.
The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future，longer space missions，we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now，scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So，what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned.
To answer these questions，researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil，add water，nutrients and light，and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.For comparison，the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils，including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight，the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However，they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.
“Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself，” according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very，very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them，with the added water and nutrients Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能性。
1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about
A．The plants grown in the lunar soil.
B．The significance of the findings.
C．The missions of future space exploration.
D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选B。
2．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment
A．It has a long evolutionary history.
B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil.
C．People have a good knowledge of its genes.
D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.”可知，研究人员在实验中使用阿拉伯芥是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选C。
3．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil
A．They didn’t grow well enough.
B．They grew slowly in the dark.
C．They absorbed few minerals.
D．They needed more water to grow bigger.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.”可推知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选A。
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn’t need any water.
B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants.
C．Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil.
D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them，with the added water and nutrients Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.”可推知，在月球土壤中种植植物还存在一些问题需要解决。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a planet where it rains sand，in ①groundbreaking observation.
The planet，WASP-107b，lying 200 light years away，was discovered in 2017 after astronomers ②spotted a ③distinct periodic light going on and off like a candle from its host star each time the planet passed in front of it.“It’s like a fly in front of a street lamp，” said Leen Decin，a professor at Institute of Astronomy of KU Leuven.“You see a slight dimming(变暗) of the light.”
While Webb’s instruments found signs of water vapour(水蒸气) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on WASP-107b，they also found clouds of silicon dioxide (SiO2) that behave similarly to water clouds on Earth，meaning that on WASP-107b，it rains sand.
The planet’s atmosphere would feature something like Earth’s water cycle，but instead with sand cycling between solid and gas states.From the hotter，lower levels of the atmosphere，silicate vapour would rise up，cool and form tiny sands，too small to see.Eventually，these clouds of sand dust would become thick enough that they begin to rain back down to the lower layers of the atmosphere.Below a certain level，the sand would transform into vapour，completing the cycle.
A central aim of the James Webb Space Telescope is to analyse the atmospheres of distant planets and search for biosignature gases that could show the presence of life.WASP-107b is not regarded as a likely candidate (候选)，given its 1,000℃ climate and lack of a solid surface.However，the level of detail being got from targets like WASP-107b is seen as an encouraging sign.It’s the first time that we have been able to identify the chemical composition of clouds in the atmosphere of a distant planet，marking a significant leap in our understanding of the distant worlds.
“The universe has so many surprises，” said Decin.“I do imagine that there may be various different choices for life to form on another planet.It might be very different from something you know here on Earth.We have to broaden our imaginations.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国宇航局的太空望远镜发现了一颗下沙雨的行星。
5．How did astronomers discover the planet WASP-107b
A．By monitoring the movement of a fly.
B．By studying the brightness of a street lamp.
C．By comparing the distance of planets.
D．By observing light change of its host star.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“...after astronomers spotted a distinct periodic light going on and off like a candle from its host star each time the planet passed in front of it.”可知，天文学家是通过观察主行星的光变化发现WASP-107b行星的。故选D。
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The cycle of sand rain.
B．The development of vapour.
C．The feature of clouds.
D．The temperature of atmosphere.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段“这颗行星的大气中有类似于地球的水循环的机制，但在固体和气体状态之间循环的是沙子。从较热的低层大气中，硅酸盐蒸汽会上升、冷却并形成微小的沙子，小得看不见。最终，这些沙尘云会变得足够厚，以至于它们开始降落回低层大气中。在一定的高度以下，沙子会变成蒸汽，完成这个循环。”可知，本段主要介绍沙雨的循环，故选A。
7．What can we know about WASP-107b according to paragraph 5
A．It has the same atmosphere as the Earth’s.
B．It has signs indicating the presence of water.
C．Its climate and surface conditions can’t support life.
D．Its chemical composition disables cloud formation.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“A central aim of the James Webb Space Telescope is to analyse the atmospheres of distant planets and search for biosignature gases that could show the presence of life.WASP-107b is not regarded as a likely candidate (候选)，given its 1,000℃ climate and lack of a solid surface.”可知，WASP-107b行星的气候和地表条件不适合生命生存，故选C。
8．What is Decin’s attitude to the possibility of life in the universe
A．Negative. B．Positive.
C．Cautious. D．Doubtful.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“I do imagine that there may be various different choices for life to form on another planet.It might be very different from something you know here on Earth.We have to broaden our imaginations.”可知，Decin对宇宙中生命的各种可能性持积极态度，故选B。
[语境猜词] ①groundbreaking adj.开创性的 ②spot n.地点；斑点 v.发现 本文为此义 ③distinct adj.清晰的；明显的 [句式分析] It’s the first time that we have been able to identify the chemical composition of clouds in the atmosphere of a distant planet，marking a significant leap in our understanding of the distant worlds. 分析：此句为复合句。“it’s＋the＋序数词＋time that sb have/has done”为固定句型，意为“某人第几次做某事”；marking a...the distant worlds为现在分词短语作结果状语。 翻译：这是我们首次能够确定一颗遥远行星大气层中云层的化学成分，标志着人类对遥远世界的认知实现了重大飞跃。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Wondering what you can do to celebrate Earth Day on April 22？We’ve made a list of fun and environmentally-conscious Earth Day activities to help raise awareness and make a difference.
Walk or ride your bike. 1 Each day can make a difference，but if you can commit to walking or biking more often in the future，that’s even better！If your daily commute(通勤) is too far for walking or biking，try environmentally-conscious public transportation like buses，trains，or shuttles.
Carry reusable plastic or cloth bags.Most plastic bags are used for about 10－20 minutes，only to end up in a landfill for hundreds of years. 2 So use reusable grocery bags when you go to the supermarket or when you’re buying items at any store.
3 You can do this as an individual or join a community group.Many local environmental groups organize bigger events where you can join a team and clear roadways，highways，and neighborhood streets of litter，so see if your local community is hosting anything.Taking a moment to pick up any litter you see as you’re out and about on Earth Day is helpful and easy to do.
Attend a local Earth Day event.See if your community is holding an environmental fair.If your community doesn’t have one planned，consider starting one yourself！ 4 Any money raised can go towards a local environmental restoration project or group.
Turn off lights when you’re not using them.Turn off lamps and overhead lights whenever you leave a room or your house.Electricity often comes from fossil fuels that contribute to climate change. 5
A．Pick up litter in your community.
B．Join a volunteer activity to help a community.
C．Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.
D．Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.
E．So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.
F．Landfills are already overflowing，so try to avoid adding to that situation.
G．It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of the Earth.
1．答案　C
解析　由本段的主题句“Walk or ride your bike.”以及下文“Each day can make a difference，but if you can commit to walking or biking more often in the future，that’s even better！”可知，此段落的主题是鼓励步行或骑自行车出行，以减少对环境的影响，故C选项“Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.”解释了上文并且引起下文，符合题意。故选C。
2．答案　D
解析　由上文“Most plastic bags are used for about 10－20 minutes，only to end up in a landfill for hundreds of years.”可知，本段强调使用可重复使用的袋子的重要性，本空要介绍使用塑料袋的危害，故D选项“Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
3．答案　A
解析　由下文“Taking a moment to pick up any litter you see as you’re out and about on Earth Day is helpful and easy to do.”可知，本空建议人们捡拾垃圾，故A选项“Pick up litter in your community.”符合语境，空后的指示代词 “this”指代选项中的“Pick up litter”。故选A。
4．答案　G
解析　由上文“Attend a local Earth Day event.”可知，本空要谈论地球日这一天的特殊意义，故G选项“It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of the Earth.”符合题意，且选项中的“the perfect day”指代上文提到的“Earth Day”。故选G。
5．答案　E
解析　由上文“Electricity often comes from fossil fuels that contribute to climate change.”可知，电来源于导致气候变化的化石燃料。因此本空要提倡大家节约用电，减少对气候的危害。故E选项“So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.”与上文构成因果关系，符合题意。故选E。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Here come a crowd of young people dressed 1. long robes.They wander around pavilions and royal gardens，with their flowing sleeves and heavily embroidered(绣花的) skirts gently 2. (wave) in the breeze.They are not actors or actresses in a movie set 3.___________ Hanfu enthusiasts in a themed event held in Beijing.
Benefiting from the growing 4. (popular) of social media and a craze for traditional culture，Hanfu，a traditional style of clothing 5. (wear) by the Han people，was brought back to the forefront by a new wave of young Chinese devotees，including Liu.
The 1980s-born rocket scientist Liu is also a co-founder of 6. Hanfu community in Beijing called “Hua Yan Hui”．The community 7. (found) in 2011 following a Hanfu revival(复苏) movement that emerged from the desire 8. (express) national identity and growing cultural confidence.Since then，Liu 9. (volunteer) to support the group.
“My passion for Hanfu came from two of my friends who are fans of 10.__________(tradition) Chinese clothing，” Liu said.Her interest grew as she learned more about the culture behind it and acquired her first Hanfu costume.
1．答案　in
解析　考查介词。be dressed in表示“穿着”，符合句意。故填in。
2．答案　waving
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾补，skirts和wave之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。故填waving。
3．答案　but
解析　考查连词。根据句意“他们不是电影中的男女演员，而是在北京举行的主题活动中的汉服爱好者”可知，本句包含固定结构not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
4．答案　popularity
解析　考查名词。空处作介词的宾语，应用名词popularity，不可数。故填popularity。
5．答案　worn
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处与clothing之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填worn。
6．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。此处community是第一次提到，为泛指，且Hanfu是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
7．答案　was founded
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语community与found之间构成被动关系，根据后文in 2011可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was founded。
8．答案　to express
解析　考查非谓语动词。短语the desire to do sth表示“做某事的愿望”，to do作定语。故填to express。
9．答案　has been volunteering/has volunteered
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文Since then可知此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为Liu，助动词用has。故填has been volunteering/has volunteered。
10．答案　traditional
解析　考查形容词。根据句意可知，空处作定语，修饰Chinese clothing。故填traditional。(共70张PPT)
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
Space exploration
Unit 4
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分并完成练习
I am looking for a sports watch ①to help me keep track of my fitness and chart my training progress.I learned from an advertisement that whether I am a professional athlete or keen sportsperson，DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for me.It has a digital display ②to record my steps，speed and distance，as well as monitor the heart rate and calories burnt.It also has a voice control setting ③to enable me to stay hands-free，while its waterproof band is fully adjustable ④to be comfortable to wear.So I hurried to the supermarket ⑤to buy one，⑥only to be told that the DX Sports Watch is only available online now.
情境导读
以上加颜色部分均是动词 ，其构成是to＋动词原形，即 ，否定式是 ；动词不定式可以在句中作定语，如 ， 和
，也可以在句中作状语，如 ， 和 ，其中⑥only to do作状语表示 的结果。
不定式
to do
①
not to do
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
意料之外
动词不定式作定语和状语
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。
语法精讲
一、结构
基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。
否定形式：not to＋动词原形。
不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：
形式 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
二、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示将来的动作。
We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有许多作业要做。
2.名词前有序数词以及the last，the next，the only等词或最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
3.抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4.不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语，如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
The lonely boy wants a friend to play with.
那个孤独的男孩想要一个朋友和他一起玩。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.给我一张纸写字。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①With their ability (see) ahead，they could signal any problem.
②The couple have an unusual way (make) their travel affordable.
③He has no pen to write .
④The Chinese government recently finalized a plan (set) up a Giant Panda National Park.
⑤He is the most suitable person (do) the job.
⑥Bob came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance ________
(visit) him
to see
to make
with
to set
to do
to visit
三、动词不定式作状语
1.表示目的
动词不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，动词不定式前也可加 in order 或so as，但 so as to不能用于句首。
She went to the hospital to/in order to/so as to see her grandfather yesterday.
昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。
To/In order to catch up with others，the intelligent young man has been working very hard.为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直非常努力地工作。
2.表示结果
动词不定式作结果状语时常用如下结构：
(1)so＋形容词/副词＋as to do 如此……以至于……
(2)such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do 如此……以至于……
(3)形容词/副词＋enough＋to do 足够……做……
(4)too＋形容词/副词＋to do 太……而不能……
(5)不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。
He is not so intelligent as to do that.
他还没有聪明到做那件事的程度。
The astronaut is such a hard-working person as to make great achievements.
这名宇航员如此勤奋，结果他取得了巨大成就。
The girl is old enough to do her own things independently.
这个女孩已经长大了，可以独立地做自己的事情了。
The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
“加利福尼亚号”到得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。
He hurried to the agency，only to find the manager had left.
他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。
点津　现在分词短语也可以作结果状语，表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。
His parents died early，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母早亡，因此他成了孤儿。
3.表示原因
(1)常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋to do”结构中。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接动词不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased、foolish 等。
I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience.
听说你缺乏耐心我很失望。
I am more than delighted to hear that you have won first prize in the contest.
我非常高兴地得知你在比赛中获得了一等奖。
(2)常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do” 结构中。
这类形容词有easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、comfortable、heavy、good、important、impossible、dangerous 等，表示主语的特征或性质，动词不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The experiment is difficult to carry on.这个实验很难进行。
I am easy to get along with，so I will be fit for the position.
我很容易相处，因此，我适合这个职位。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Bailey took her arm (see) if she could walk forward with aid.
② (serve) its function，a book must be activated by a user.
③The room is comfortable (live) in.
④He is old enough (study) independently.
⑤I am surprised (find) that he has made such a foolish mistake.
⑥Football is played in 80 countries， (make) it the most popular sport all over the world.
to see
To serve
to live
to study
to find
making
完成句子
1.中国已成为第一个将探测器着陆在月球背面的国家。
China has become a probe on the far side of the moon.
2.我们度假后回到家，却发现我们的花园既干净又整洁。
We came home after our holiday， .
3.有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
I feel greatly honoured .
达标检测
the first country to land
only to find our garden neat and tidy
to have the chance to deliver a speech here
4.没有什么语言足以表达我的感激之情。
No words how grateful I am.
5.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会焦虑得睡不着。
Every time I prepare for an important examination，________________
.
6.我当了四年班长，能轻松处理突发事件。
I have been monitor for four years，_____________________________
.
are strong enough to express
I will be too
anxious to fall asleep
enabling me to deal with
unexpected matters easily
作业3
1.The building (build) next year is our new teaching building.
2.Amy was the only person (remember) my birthday.
3.In order (create) a good learning atmosphere，everyone is required to keep quiet.
4.Your ability (analyse) problems really surprised us.
5.He was too excited (speak) when he heard the news.
6.I wish that my father were as easy (get) along with as my mother.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
to be built
to remember
to create
to analyse
to speak
to get
7.I have a lot of work (finish)，so I can’t go to the shopping mall with you.
8.Thousands of words are not enough (express) how grateful we are to you.
9.I’m more than delighted (learn) that you have been admitted to Peking University.
10.Anxiously，she searched high and low for her wallet，only _________
(find) it was gone.
to finish
to express
to learn
to find
(读后续写片段)我立即给莎莉打电话解释误会。打通之后，我是如此愧疚，我真诚地向她道歉。她轻声说：“没关系。我也渴望和你和解。”
I immediately called Sally 1. the misunderstanding.After getting through，I was so guilty 2.__________
.She said softly，“Never mind.I also have the strong desire 3. .”
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
to/in order to/so as to explain
as to
apologize to her sincerely
to make up with you
我太感动了，而控制不住我的泪水。从那时起，我下定决心信任我所爱的人，因为一个小小的错误就有可能足够严重到毁掉我们珍贵的友谊。毕竟，信任是世界上最容易失去的东西。
I was too moved 4. .From then on，I determined to trust my loved ones，because a little mistake can be serious enough
5. .After all，trust is the easiest thing in the world 6. .
to control my tears
to ruin our precious friendship
to lose
A
For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon，growing crops will be important.Now，scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface，after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress(阿拉伯芥)，a small flowering plant，in the lunar soil.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能性。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future，longer space missions，we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now，scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So，what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned.
To answer these questions，researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil，add water，nutrients and light，and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.For comparison，the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils，including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight，the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However，they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.
“Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself，” according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very，very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them，with the added water and nutrients Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.
1.What’s the second paragraph mainly about
A.The plants grown in the lunar soil.
B.The significance of the findings.
C.The missions of future space exploration.
D.The hope for setting up a lunar settlement.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选B。
解析
2.Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment
A.It has a long evolutionary history.
B.Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil.
C.People have a good knowledge of its genes.
D.It has been tested with the lunar soil before.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.”可知，研究人员在实验中使用阿拉伯芥是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选C。
解析
3.What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil
A.They didn’t grow well enough.
B.They grew slowly in the dark.
C.They absorbed few minerals.
D.They needed more water to grow bigger.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.”可推知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选A。
解析
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn’t need any water.
B.The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants.
C.Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil.
D.There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them，with the added water and nutrients Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.”可推知，在月球土壤中种植植物还存在一些问题需要解决。故选D。
解析
B(此篇精读)
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a planet where it rains sand，in ①groundbreaking observation.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国宇航局的太空望远镜发现了一颗下沙雨的行星。
The planet，WASP-107b，lying 200 light years away，was discovered in 2017 after astronomers ②spotted a ③distinct periodic light going on and off like a candle from its host star each time the planet passed in front of it.“It’s like a fly in front of a street lamp，” said Leen Decin，a professor at Institute of Astronomy of KU Leuven.“You see a slight dimming(变暗) of the light.”
While Webb’s instruments found signs of water vapour(水蒸气) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on WASP-107b，they also found clouds of silicon dioxide (SiO2) that behave similarly to water clouds on Earth，meaning that on WASP-107b，it rains sand.
The planet’s atmosphere would feature something like Earth’s water cycle，but instead with sand cycling between solid and gas states.From the hotter，lower levels of the atmosphere，silicate vapour would rise up，cool and form tiny sands，too small to see.Eventually，these clouds of sand dust would become thick enough that they begin to rain back down to the lower layers of the atmosphere.Below a certain level，the sand would transform into vapour，completing the cycle.
A central aim of the James Webb Space Telescope is to analyse the atmospheres of distant planets and search for biosignature gases that could show the presence of life.WASP-107b is not regarded as a likely candidate (候选)，given its 1,000℃ climate and lack of a solid surface.However，the level of detail being got from targets like WASP-107b is seen as an encouraging sign.It’s the first time that we have been able to identify the chemical composition of clouds in the atmosphere of a distant planet，marking a significant leap in our understanding of the distant worlds.
“The universe has so many surprises，” said Decin.“I do imagine that there may be various different choices for life to form on another planet.It might be very different from something you know here on Earth.We have to broaden our imaginations.”
5.How did astronomers discover the planet WASP-107b
A.By monitoring the movement of a fly.
B.By studying the brightness of a street lamp.
C.By comparing the distance of planets.
D.By observing light change of its host star.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“...after astronomers spotted a distinct periodic light going on and off like a candle from its host star each time the planet passed in front of it.”可知，天文学家是通过观察主行星的光变化发现WASP-107b行星的。故选D。
解析
6.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The cycle of sand rain.
B.The development of vapour.
C.The feature of clouds.
D.The temperature of atmosphere.
√
段落大意题。根据第四段“这颗行星的大气中有类似于地球的水循环的机制，但在固体和气体状态之间循环的是沙子。从较热的低层大气中，硅酸盐蒸汽会上升、冷却并形成微小的沙子，小得看不见。最终，这些沙尘云会变得足够厚，以至于它们开始降落回低层大气中。在一定的高度以下，沙子会变成蒸汽，完成这个循环。”可知，本段主要介绍沙雨的循环，故选A。
解析
7.What can we know about WASP-107b according to paragraph 5
A.It has the same atmosphere as the Earth’s.
B.It has signs indicating the presence of water.
C.Its climate and surface conditions can’t support life.
D.Its chemical composition disables cloud formation.
√
推理判断题。根据第五段中“A central aim of the James Webb Space Telescope is to analyse the atmospheres of distant planets and search for biosignature gases that could show the presence of life.WASP-107b is not regarded as a likely candidate (候选)，given its 1,000℃ climate and lack of a solid surface.”可知，WASP-107b行星的气候和地表条件不适合生命生存，故选C。
解析
8.What is Decin’s attitude to the possibility of life in the universe
A.Negative. B.Positive.
C.Cautious. D.Doubtful.
√
观点态度题。根据最后一段中“I do imagine that there may be various different choices for life to form on another planet.It might be very different from something you know here on Earth.We have to broaden our imaginations.”可知，Decin对宇宙中生命的各种可能性持积极态度，故选B。
解析
①groundbreaking adj.__________
②spot n.地点；斑点 v._______(本文为此义)
③distinct adj.________________
语境猜词
开创性的
发现
清晰的；明显的
It’s the first time that we have been able to identify the chemical composition of clouds in the atmosphere of a distant planet，marking a significant leap in our understanding of the distant worlds.
分析：此句为 句。“it’s＋the＋序数词＋time that sb have/has done”为固定句型，意为“ ”；marking a...the distant worlds为现在分词短语作 。
翻译：________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
结果状语
这是我们首次能够确定一颗遥远行星大气层中云层的化学成分，标志着人类对遥远世界的认知实现了重大飞跃。
某人第几次做某事
Wondering what you can do to celebrate Earth Day on April 22？We’ve made a list of fun and environmentally-conscious Earth Day activities to help raise awareness and make a difference.
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章为想庆祝地球日的读者介绍了一些可以参与的活动。
Walk or ride your bike. 1 Each day can make a difference，but if you can commit to walking or biking more often in the future，that’s even better！
A.Pick up litter in your community.
B.Join a volunteer activity to help a community.
C.Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.
D.Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.
E.So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.
F.Landfills are already overflowing，so try to avoid adding to that situation.
G.It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of
the Earth.
√
由本段的主题句“Walk or ride your bike.”以及下文“Each day can make a difference，but if you can commit to walking or biking more often in the future，that’s even better！”可知，此段落的主题是鼓励步行或骑自行车出行，以减少对环境的影响，故C选项“Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.”解释了上文并且引起下文，符合题意。故选C。
解析
If your daily commute(通勤) is too far for walking or biking，try environmentally-conscious public transportation like buses，trains，or shuttles.
Carry reusable plastic or cloth bags.Most plastic bags are used for about 10－20 minutes，only to end up in a landfill for hundreds of years.
2 So use reusable grocery bags when you go to the supermarket or when you’re buying items at any store.
A.Pick up litter in your community.
B.Join a volunteer activity to help a community.
C.Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.
D.Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.
E.So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.
F.Landfills are already overflowing，so try to avoid adding to that situation.
G.It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of
the Earth.
√
由上文“Most plastic bags are used for about 10－20 minutes，only to end up in a landfill for hundreds of years.”可知，本段强调使用可重复使用的袋子的重要性，本空要介绍使用塑料袋的危害，故D选项“Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
解析
3 You can do this as an individual or join a community group.
A.Pick up litter in your community.
B.Join a volunteer activity to help a community.
C.Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.
D.Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.
E.So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.
F.Landfills are already overflowing，so try to avoid adding to that
situation.
G.It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration
of the Earth.
√
由下文“Taking a moment to pick up any litter you see as you’re out and about on Earth Day is helpful and easy to do.”可知，本空建议人们捡拾垃圾，故A选项“Pick up litter in your community.”符合语境，空后的指示代词 “this”指代选项中的“Pick up litter”。故选A。
解析
Many local environmental groups organize bigger events where you can join a team and clear roadways，highways，and neighborhood streets of litter，so see if your local community is hosting anything.Taking a moment to pick up any litter you see as you’re out and about on Earth Day is helpful and easy to do.
Attend a local Earth Day event.See if your community is holding an environmental fair.If your community doesn’t have one planned，consider starting one yourself！ 4 Any money raised can go towards a local environmental restoration project or group.
A.Pick up litter in your community.
B.Join a volunteer activity to help a community.
C.Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.
D.Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.
E.So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.
F.Landfills are already overflowing，so try to avoid adding to that situation.
G.It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of
the Earth.
√
由上文“Attend a local Earth Day event.”可知，本空要谈论地球日这一天的特殊意义，故G选项“It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of the Earth.”符合题意，且选项中的“the perfect day”指代上文提到的“Earth Day”。故选G。
解析
Turn off lights when you’re not using them.Turn off lamps and overhead lights whenever you leave a room or your house.Electricity often comes from fossil fuels that contribute to climate change. 5
A.Pick up litter in your community.
B.Join a volunteer activity to help a community.
C.Going car-free for the day will reduce harm to the environment.
D.Since humans use 4 trillion plastic bags a year，this is a big problem.
E.So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.
F.Landfills are already overflowing，so try to avoid adding to that situation.
G.It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of the
Earth.
√
由上文“Electricity often comes from fossil fuels that contribute to climate change.”可知，电来源于导致气候变化的化石燃料。因此本空要提倡大家节约用电，减少对气候的危害。故E选项“So using as little electricity as possible is a great way to help the Earth.”与上文构成因果关系，符合题意。故选E。
解析
Here come a crowd of young people dressed 1. long robes.
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉服的流行情况。
in
考查介词。be dressed in表示“穿着”，符合句意。故填in。
解析
They wander around pavilions and royal gardens，with their flowing sleeves and heavily embroidered(绣花的) skirts gently 2. (wave) in the breeze.
waving
考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾补，skirts和wave之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。故填waving。
解析
They are not actors or actresses in a movie set 3.___________ Hanfu enthusiasts in a themed event held in Beijing.
but
考查连词。根据句意“他们不是电影中的男女演员，而是在北京举行的主题活动中的汉服爱好者”可知，本句包含固定结构not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
解析
Benefiting from the growing 4. (popular) of social media and a craze for traditional culture，Hanfu，a traditional style of clothing 5. (wear) by the Han people，was brought back to the forefront by a new wave of young Chinese devotees，including Liu.
popularity
4.考查名词。空处作介词的宾语，应用名词popularity，不可数。故填popularity。
5.考查非谓语动词。空处与clothing之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填worn。
解析
worn
The 1980s-born rocket scientist Liu is also a co-founder of 6._____
Hanfu community in Beijing called “Hua Yan Hui”.
a
考查冠词。此处community是第一次提到，为泛指，且Hanfu是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
解析
The community 7. (found) in 2011 following a Hanfu revival(复苏) movement that emerged from the desire 8._____________
(express) national identity and growing cultural confidence.Since then，Liu 9. (volunteer) to support the group.
was founded
to express
has been volunteering/has volunteered
7.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语community与found之间构成被动关系，根据后文in 2011可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was founded。
8.考查非谓语动词。短语the desire to do sth表示“做某事的愿望”，to do作定语。故填to express。
9.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文Since then可知此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为Liu，助动词用has。故填has been volunteering/has volunteered。
解析
“My passion for Hanfu came from two of my friends who are fans of 10.__________(tradition) Chinese clothing，” Liu said.Her interest grew as she learned more about the culture behind it and acquired her first Hanfu costume.
traditional
考查形容词。根据句意可知，空处作定语，修饰Chinese clothing。故填traditional。
解析
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