资源简介

Period 4　Reading for Writing
1．Why are some people against space exploration
A．They think space is heavily polluted.
B．They think it does harm to people.
C．They think we’ve learned much about space.
D．They think it wastes time and money and that we should find ways to solve other urgent problems.
答案　D
2．How does space exploration help fight against world hunger
A．By reducing natural disasters.
B．By helping grow enough food.
C．By offering data on water pollution.
D．By analyzing data on hungry population.
答案　B
3．Which of the following is connected with space exploration
A．Electric bikes.
B. Bamboo chairs.
C．Ordinary pillows.
D．Smartphone cameras.
答案　D
4．What did people realise when seeing pictures of Earth as an island in a black sea
A．The resources on Earth aren’t sufficient.
B．Life on Mars will be nicer than that on Earth.
C．We have such a rapidly increasing population.
D．It is hard to find other planets as our new home.
答案　A
5．What’s the author’s attitude to exploring space
A．Supportive. B．Objective.
C．Neutral. D．Negative.
答案　A
6．What’s the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A．To give tips on how to explore space.
B．To advise people to stop exploring space.
C．To explain diverse ways of exploring space.
D．To call people’s attention to space exploration.
答案　D
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY
Countries around the globe1 are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions2，whether to Mars or3 other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead，we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to4 other problems，such as pollution and fatal diseases. [1]However，others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise5 how exploring space helps us.
[1]此句是主从复合句，this is a shallow view...是省略了that的宾语从句；which fails to...是关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词view；how引导的是宾语从句。
词块翻译：
1．世界各地
2．各种各样的太空任务
3．不管……还是
4．立即找到……的解决办法
5．未能意识到
　　Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference6 in the fight against world hunger. [2]It has directly resulted in7 the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of8 the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis，the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for9 farmers. [3]As a result10, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
[2]此句是主从复合句，关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词satellites。
[3]此句是简单句，不定式短语to grow enough food作定语，修饰名词efforts；不定式短语to feed Earth’s increasing population作目的状语。
6.有影响；有作用
7．导致；造成
8．许多；大量
9．为某人提供某物
10．所以；结果(是)
Secondly，space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.[4]High-end products11 around the world are made to a higher standard now because of12 advanced technology13 which was first created to meet the requirements14 for space exploration. For example，space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today，space technologies are widely used in15 all kinds of industries，and everyday products such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras，are changing our lives.
[4]此句是主从复合句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词technology；不定式短语to meet the requirements for space exploration作目的状语。
11.高端产品
12．由于；因为
13．先进技术
14．满足要求
15．被广泛使用于
　　Finally，sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about16 the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. [5]Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for17 such a rapidly increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. [6]The greatest attention at present18 is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future，humans may live on both planets.
In closing19，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore，it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems20.
[5]此句是主从复合句，动词-ing形式短语Seeing...in a black sea在句中作主语；that引导的是宾语从句。
[6]此句是主从复合句，because引导的是原因状语从句。
16.考虑
17．提供生活所需
18．现在；目前
19．最后
20．人们的短期和长期问题
析篇章结构
lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏 (lacking adj.缺乏；不足)
[教材原句P42]Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity，so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy.由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱，所以他们每天都需要锻炼，这将有助于他们保持身体健康。
[外研版]While some say contemporary art lacks skill，meaning and artistic value，others argue that its worth lies in its ability to stimulate new discussions and understanding of everyday objects，such as water pipes and iron wires.虽然有些人说当代艺术缺乏技巧、意义和艺术价值，但是其他人坚持认为：艺术的价值在于其激发新讨论的能力和对日常事物的理解，比如水管和铁丝。
·(a) lack of缺乏…… due to (a)/for/through lack of因缺少…… ·lack sth缺乏某物 ·be lacking in sth缺乏……
(1)I determined to work hard in the hope of making up for a lack of ability.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之动作描写)因缺少足够的自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。
Due to (a)/Through/For lack of sufficient confidence/Because I lacked sufficient confidence/Because I was lacking in sufficient confidence，I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论(argument n．争论；争吵；论点)
[教材原句P44]Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
[北师大版]If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
·argue with sb about/over sth因某事与某人争吵/争论 argue for/against (doing) sth据理赞成/反对(做)某事 argue that...主张……，认为…… argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事 ·have an argument with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争吵/争论
(1)I am disappointed to find that only a minority of people believe in my arguments(argument)．
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之太空探索)最近我们班的学生就我们是否应该继续太空探索彼此争论。一些学生支持太空探索而一些学生据理反对。在我看来，太空探索能够帮助人类解决地球上的问题。
Students in our class have recently had an argument/argued with each other about/over whether we should carry on space exploration.Some students are for it while others argue against it.Personally，space exploration can assist mankind to address problems on the Earth.
(3)(读后续写片段描写)约翰认为他可以通过卖爆米花帮助伯纳德渡过经济困难。约翰的妈妈赞成他的主意。接着，约翰冲向伯纳德的家说服他在市场上卖爆米花以赚取一些额外的钱。
John argued that he could carry Bernard through the financial difficulty by selling popcorn.And John’s mother argued for his idea.Then John rushed to Bernard’s home to argue him into selling popcorn in the market so as to earn some extra money.
result in 产生；导致；造成
[教材原句P44]It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
·result from由于；由……造成 ·as a result结果(是)；因此，所以 as a result of作为……的结果；由于
　　(读后续写片段描写)突然的倾盆大雨淹没了山路。由于大雨，所有的路标都消失了。我们的混乱是由完全失去方向造成的。恐慌导致我们之间的争论。就在这时，一个山洞映入眼帘。结果，我们在那里躲避大雨，等待救援。
The sudden downpour flooded the mountain path.(1)As a result of the heavy rain，all trail markers disappeared. Our confusion (2)resulted from losing direction completely. Panic (3)resulted in arguments among us. Just then，a cave came into sight.(4)As a result，we took shelter there from the heavy rain and waited for rescue.
limited adj.有限的；有限制的(limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度limitless/unlimited adj.无限制的 limitation n．局限；限制)
[教材原句P44]Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
[译林版]However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
·be limited to...限制在…… ·limit...to...把……限定在……之内 ·There is a/no limit to...……是有限的/无限的。 set a limit/limits on设定……的限度 without limit无限地，无限制地
(1)It is required that your analysis report should be limited to 1,000 words.
(2)There is a limit to one’s life，but no limit to serving(serve) the people.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)我们学校对我们要创作的短剧设定了限制。我们必须把这个英语短剧限制在我们所学的英语课文中。由于我们的能力有限，您可以帮我们选一篇课文吗？
Our school sets a limit/limits on the short play we are to create.We must limit the English short play to the texts we have learned.Since our ability is limited，could you please help us choose one text
(4)(话题写作之学习)知识是无限的。因此，我们应该把我们有限的时间致力于获得知识。
Knowledge is limitless/unlimited/without limit.As a result，we should devote our limited time to acquiring it.
provide for sb 提供生活所需
[教材原句P44]In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。
给某人提供某物
(1)Since our planet’s resources are limited，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)您可以给我提供一些如何提高英语口语的建议吗？
Would you please provide/supply me with some suggestions on how to improve my oral English/provide/supply/offer some suggestions on how to improve my oral English for/to me/offer me some suggestions on how to improve my oral English
run out 用完；耗尽(相当于give out，物作主语，无被动语态)
[教材原句P45]It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.有必要在太空中为人们找到一个新家园，因为地球上的资源将会被耗尽。
[北师大版]Well，I’d love to know more，but，unfortunately，we’ve run out of time.嗯，我想了解更多，但很可惜，我们快到时间了。
run out of用光，用完(相当于use up，人作主语) run across偶然遇到 run after追逐；追求 run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰到(困境、麻烦等)
　　(读后续写片段描写)晨跑时我们就要没精力的时候，我在跑道附近偶然遇到了一只走失的小狗。我们追逐它，但它慌了。它冲进了设备储藏室，门卡住了，我们遇到了麻烦！在里面，我们的零食很快就耗尽了，我们试图让它平静下来。最后，小狗安静了下来。
Just as we (1)were running out of energy during morning run，I (2)ran across/into a lost puppy near the track. We (3)ran after it，but it panicked. It darted into the equipment storage room，and we (4)ran into trouble when the door jammed! Inside，our snacks (5)ran out quickly as we tried to calm it. Finally，the puppy quieted down.
attach vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属；(使)隶属(attached adj.附着的；依恋的；热爱的 attachment n．附件；依恋；连接)
[教材原句P46]While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.在睡觉时，为了防止四处飘浮，他们必须把自己拴在某个东西上。
[北师大版]Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.接下来，我们把汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。
·attach...to...把……系/绑/贴在……上 attach significance/importance/value to...认为……重要/有价值；重视…… ·be attached to依恋；附属于；爱慕
(1)In closing，please find my application letter and résumé in the attachment(attach)．
(2)Born in Huizhou City，the boy has become attached(attach) to the cultures of ethnic minorities since childhood.
[写作佳句]
(3)我认为经常读英文报非常重要，因为这会拓宽我的视野。
I attach great importance/significance/value to reading the English newspaper regularly because this can widen my view.
动词-ing形式作主语
[教材原句P44]Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
动词-ing形式作主语，其用法如下： ·单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数； ·用it作形式主语，动词-ing形式后置作真正的主语。常用于“It is no use doing...”“It is no good doing...”“It is fun doing...”“It is a waste of time doing...”等句型中； ·动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语。当动词-ing形式有自己的逻辑主语时，常在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动词-ing形式的复合结构。
(1)同他争论这件事是浪费时间。
It is a waste of time arguing with him about this matter.
(2)(话题写作之语言学习)首先，我认为学汉语很有意思。其次，每天练习说汉语的确提高了我的语言能力。最后但同样重要的是，我的语文老师帮助我解决问题让我获益颇多。
Firstly，I think it is fun studying Chinese.Besides，practising speaking Chinese every day does improve my language ability.Last but not least，my Chinese teacher’s helping me solve problems is of great benefit to me.
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)双胞胎没能做好母亲节早餐使他们很失望，他们几乎要哭了。
The twins’ failing to cook Mother’s Day breakfast made them disappointed，and they were on the verge of tears.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．I have to turn to my teacher for help，for the whole problem is beyond me. prep.非……所及
2．All of us should be open-minded and go with the current of the times.n.潮流
3．Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.adv.在其他方面
4．Clubs need help from the regulars to attract more new members. n．常客
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．A lack of oxygen may have a bad influence on the brain development in the unborn child.
2．Exploring the universe is significant and after all，our natural resources are limited.
3．At present you can use some apps on your smartphone to monitor your health.
4. The Student Union has planned a diversity of activities to persuade people into recycling(回收利用) used products.
5. I had a poetry collection stolen and I felt as if floating(漂浮) in an ocean of sadness.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Afterwards，we had an argument(argue) with each other about everything.
2. The young man often buys high-end items and as a result，his money is running out.
3. He regularly(regular) went to a shop selling china，because he took a fancy to china.
4. I had great trouble figuring out what brought about our failure.
5．Lacking(lack) sufficient experience，I definitely can’t complete the mission wonderfully.
6. All of us attach great value to keeping(keep) mental and physical health.
7．Eating(eat) poisonous mushrooms may claim our life，so we must avoid eating them.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,1.whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
Firstly，space 2.exploration(explore) has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.A number of satellites record data on land and weather patterns. 3.Consequently(consequent)，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts 4.to grow(grow) enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Secondly，exploring space has already promoted technological improvements that are 5. beneficial(benefit) to us all.High-end products around the world 6. are made(make) to a higher standard now because of advanced technology 7.that/which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
Finally,8.sending(send) astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing 9.pictures(picture) of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.The greatest attention at present is on Mars 10.because it is closer to Earth.In the future，humans may live on both planets.
作业4
[分值：60分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．He failed to(未能) figure out the root reason for the fatal accident.
2．In modern times，smartphones are widely used in(被广泛使用于) our daily life.
3．At the moment I am thinking about(考虑) taking exercise regularly to build up my muscles.
4.Lacking sufficient evidence resulted in(导致) our failure in yesterday’s debate competition.
5. What our monitor said made a difference(有影响) to all of us and we changed our negative attitude to learning.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——太空探索(满分15分)
1．前几天在班长主持的班会上，我们讨论了是否有必要进行太空探索。(that引导的定语从句)
We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out space exploration at a class meeting that was hosted by our monitor the other day.
2．有些同学认为太空探索浪费了许多钱，这些钱可以被用来解决其他问题，比如饥饿和污染。(which引导限制性定语从句)
Some students think space exploration wastes a lot of money which can be used to solve other problems，such as starvation and pollution.
3．然而，我不同意他们的看法，因为卫星已经被用于通信和天气预报，使我们的生活更加便利。(because引导的原因状语从句)
However，I don’t agree with them because satellites have been used for communication as well as weather forecast，making our life more convenient.
4．另外，人们意识到我们星球上的资源是有限的，如果能在其他行星上发现资源，地球上能源匮乏的问题就能够被解决。(that引导宾语从句)
Besides，people realise that resources on our planet are limited，and if resources are found on other planets，the problem of energy shortages on Earth can be solved.
5．因此，我认为探索太空对人类大有裨益。(动词-ing形式作主语)
Therefore，as far as I’m concerned，exploring space is of great benefit to human beings.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
The International Space Station (ISS) is a science laboratory in space.It is made of many different pieces that have been added on slowly since 1998.The group of astronauts working there changes often，but people have been living in the ISS for almost 18 years.
On Wednesday，NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.The station is full of air that the astronauts can breathe.But outside the ISS，in space，there is no air.That means the pressure inside the station is much higher.So，the ISS was like a bike tire with a tiny hole in it.
On Thursday，the astronauts went to work and soon found the leak.It was less than 2 millimeters wide.That’s about as wide as the lead (笔芯) on a pencil that hasn’t been sharpened.The hole is in a Russian part of the station，called the Soyuz.The Soyuz is the spacecraft that brought three of the astronauts to the ISS.Luckily，the Soyuz can still be used to return to Earth.When the astronauts first found the leak，German astronaut Alexander Gerst did something that seemed very natural—he covered the hole with his thumb.Because the hole was so tiny，the astronauts were never in any danger.But it was still important to stop the leak.While they waited for more advice from Earth，the astronauts covered the hole with special tape.After many people discussed the problem on the ground，the astronauts were told how to fix the hole.Sergey Prokopyev of Russia did the job，filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.
The repair seems to have worked.The astronauts were able to get the air pressure back to normal.On Friday，the astronauts returned to their regular work.
NASA says that the hole was probably made by a tiny bit of a meteorite (陨石)—a rock flying through space.Some people believe the hole could be from a screw (螺丝) that came loose.It is also possible that the station was hit by a small piece of “space debris (残骸)”—tiny pieces of trash from other spacecraft.As more and more rockets and satellites are sent into space，space debris is a more common problem.
1．What was the problem with the ISS
A．The air started to go out from the ISS.
B．The ISS was hit by a piece of space debris.
C．The pressure outside the ISS was higher than that inside.
D．The astronauts inside the ISS had difficulty in breathing.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。由第二段“周三，美国宇航局发现国际空间站有一个漏洞。空间站里充满了宇航员可以呼吸的空气。但是在国际空间站之外，太空中没有空气。这意味着空间站内的压力要高得多。所以，国际空间站就像一个自行车轮胎，上面有一个小洞。”可知，国际空间站出现漏洞，空气开始从国际空间站排出。故选A。
2．What do we know about the hole
A．It was as sharp as a pencil lead.
B．It was caused by three of Russian astronauts.
C．It had posed a great danger to the astronauts.
D．It was so small that the thumb could cover it.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。由第三段中“When the astronauts first...with his thumb.(当宇航员第一次发现这个漏洞时，德国宇航员亚历山大·格斯特做了一件看起来很自然的事——他用拇指盖住了这个洞。)”可知，这个洞很小以至于拇指可以盖住它。故选D。
3．What did the astronauts use to fix the leak in the ISS
A．A thumb and special tape.
B．Special tape and cloth soaked in special glue.
C．A pencil lead and special tape.
D．A pencil and cloth soaked in special glue.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第三段中“While they waited...soaked in special glue.(在等待来自地球的更多建议时，宇航员们用特殊的胶带盖住了这个洞。在许多人在地面上讨论了这个问题之后，宇航员们被告知如何修复这个洞。俄罗斯的谢尔盖·普罗科皮耶夫完成了这项工作，他用浸泡在特殊胶水中的布填上了洞。)”可知，宇航员们用特殊胶带和浸泡在特殊胶水中的布修复国际空间站的漏洞。故选B。
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．The Danger of the Leak in the International Space Station
B．The International Space Station Finds the Origin of the Leak
C．New Ways to Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
D．Astronauts Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是由第二段中“On Wednesday，NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.”和第四段“The repair seems to have...their regular work.(修理似乎起作用了。宇航员们能够使气压恢复正常。周五，宇航员们恢复了正常工作。)”可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员修复国际空间站的漏洞的过程和结果。选项D“宇航员修复国际空间站的漏洞”符合文章内容，适合作为标题。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
Scientists have already established from ①multiple studies that Mars contains large amounts of water.Most of the water exists in the form of ice.Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence(AI) robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts (催化剂) to break down water and ②release oxygen.It could be another way for space travelers in the future to make much-needed oxygen on Mars.
Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface.The “robot chemist” first used an acid and chemical ③mixture to separate and examine materials contained in the meteorites.It identified several different metallic elements and then worked to identify different molecules(分子) that could be produced from meteorite materials.The system found more than 3.7 million possible molecule combinations.The robot used that data to predict which catalysts would be able to ④split water molecules to produce oxygen.The catalyst chosen as the best fit was able to operate at minus 37 degrees Celsius.This temperature is similar to current conditions on Mars.
The study’s lead writer，Jun Jiang，said that as a boy，he often dreamed of being able to one day travel in space.“So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules，I felt like my dream was coming true.I even started to imagine that I，myself，will live on Mars in the future.”
A report explaining the study’s results notes Jiang suggests that for every square meter of Martian material，his group’s system could produce nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour.The researchers say this level of production could remove the need for future astronauts to transport oxygen from Earth.The robot can work continuously for years.
Jiang said，“It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars.This could include processes for making substances to support the growth of plants that could be used to produce food for astronauts.Different chemicals can be made by this robot.Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other uses，suggesting the moon as another possibility.”
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家制造了一种人工智能机器人，可以利用火星上发现的材料来生产催化剂，以分解水并释放氧气。这可能是未来太空旅行者制造火星上急需的氧气的另一种方式。
5．What do Chinese scientists use AI robots to do in the research
A．To collect water data from Mars.
B．To produce oxygen from water on Mars.
C．To explore the ice coverage on Mars.
D．To assist humans in settling down on Mars.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence(AI) robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts (催化剂) to break down water and release oxygen.”可知，中国科学家在研究中使用人工智能机器人用火星上的水产生氧气。故选B。
6．Which aspect of the research does paragraph 2 focus on
A．Its process. B．Its scale.
C．Its result. D．Its effect.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface.The ‘robot chemist’ first used an acid and chemical mixture...and then worked to...The robot used that data...”可知，本段的重点是研究的过程。故选A。
7．Why does the author mention Jiang’s dream
A．To explain the chemical reaction.
B．To advocate space travel.
C．To prove the success of the study.
D．To show the future life on Mars.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules，I felt like my dream was coming true.I even started to imagine that I，myself，will live on Mars in the future.”可知，作者提到江俊的童年梦想可以因此项研究而实现是为了体现这项研究的成功。故选C。
8．What does Jiang stress in the last paragraph
A．The substances for growing plants on Mars.
B．The existence of oxygen on the moon.
C．The possible discovery of chemicals on Mars.
D．The potential application of AI robots.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段江俊所说“It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars.This could include...Different chemicals can be made by this robot.Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other uses，suggesting the moon as another possibility.”可推知，江俊强调了机器人的其他潜在作用，包括生产其他物质、应用于其他星球等。故选D。
[语境猜词] ①multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 ②release vt.释放 本文为此义 ；排放；发布 ③mixture n.混合物 ④split v.分开；使分开 [句式分析] So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules，I felt like my dream was coming true. 分析：此句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句；made by the robot为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰catalysts。 翻译：因此，当我们最终看到机器人制造的催化剂确实能通过分解水分子产生氧气时，我感觉自己的梦想就要实现了。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I wanted to become an astronaut when I was just six years old.It was two years after I got out of university that NASA put out the announcement for new astronauts.I was so 1 and I carefully filled out the 2 form.And guess what happened They politely 3 my application，twice，in four years.
I knew I needed to do more.I looked into the 4 of the people who were successful in making it to the astronaut program.Most of them had 5 experience.So，I started taking the required lessons.
As I got my pilot’s license，there was another astronaut selection.This time，I made a step further.I 6 all the medical tests.A week went by and suddenly some of my friends began 7 me saying the police were making inquiries(询问) about me.It turned out that NASA was doing a security background 8 and was looking at the police records to see if I had been in any trouble.I thought I had 9 it，but for the third time，NASA rejected me.
The next morning，the 10 thought that popped into my head was that I still wanted to be an astronaut！By looking at the people NASA was selecting，I discovered that they 11 candidates who were already 12 at NASA.So，I 13 my job and worked there for three years.Soon thereafter，another astronaut selection took place.This time， 14 ，NASA said I was selected.
It takes time to achieve your dreams and it takes persistence.But if you are willing to 15 ，you can achieve anything you want to in your lifetime.
语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想成为美国国家航空航天局的宇航员，但是申请了多次都以失败告终，最终通过自己的不懈努力和坚定决心实现了自己的梦想。
1．A.surprised B．thrilled
C．embarrassed D．worried
答案　B
解析　surprised惊讶的；thrilled兴奋的，激动的；embarrassed尴尬的；worried担忧的。根据前文可知作者从小梦想成为宇航员，听说NASA招聘新宇航员的消息后应该是感到兴奋的。故选B。
2．A.survey B．agreement
C．application D．payment
答案　C
解析　survey 调查；agreement同意；application申请；payment支付。根据后文“They politely my application，twice，in four years.”可知，作者填写了申请表。故选C。
3．A.declined B．reviewed
C．updated D．approved
答案　A
解析　decline拒绝；review评论；update更新；approve赞成。根据后文“I knew I needed to do more.”可知，他们拒绝了作者的申请，所以作者需要做更多努力。故选A。
4．A.character B．background
C．family D．availability
答案　B
解析　character品质，性格；background背景；family家人，家庭；availability可用性。根据后文“Most of them had experience.”可知那些成功入选宇航员项目的人都有经验，所以是调查了背景。故选B。
5．A.cycling B．diving
C．flying D．climbing
答案　C
解析　cycling骑行；diving 潜水；flying飞行；climbing爬山。根据后文“As I got my pilot’s license，there was another astronaut selection.”可知作者去学习了飞行，所以此处指的是有飞行经验。故选C。
6．A.skipped B．passed
C．missed D．attended
答案　B
解析　skip跳过，掠过；pass 通过；miss错过；attend参加。根据后文“It turned out that NASA was doing a security background and was looking at the police records to see if I had been in any trouble.”可知，作者是通过了医学检查，然后NASA对作者做背景调查。故选B。
7．A.calling B．requesting
C．questioning D．suggesting
答案　A
解析　call打电话；request要求；question质疑；suggest建议。根据后文“saying the police were making inquiries (询问) about me”可知，应该是朋友打电话给作者，告诉作者这件事情。故选A。
8．A.description B．analysis
C．report D．check
答案　D
解析　description描述；analysis分析；report报道；check调查。根据后文“was looking at the police records to see if I had been in any trouble”可知，NASA是在做背景调查。故选D。
9．A.made B．overcame
C．attempted D．completed
答案　A
解析　make成为，达到；overcome克服；attempt尝试；complete完成。根据后文的“but”和“NASA rejected me”可知，作者本以为自己成功了。make it为固定搭配，意为“获得成功”。故选A。
10．A.first B．practical
C．creative D．hopeful
答案　A
解析　first第一的；practical实际的；creative有创造力的；hopeful有希望的。根据后文“I still wanted to be an astronaut”可知，作者失败之后的第一个想法仍然是成为一名宇航员。故选A。
11．A.identified B．discovered
C．reminded D．chose
答案　D
解析　identify发现，识别；discover发现；remind使想起；choose选择。根据前文“By looking at the people NASA was selecting”可知，此处指的是他们选择的候选人。故选D。
12．A.donating B．working
C．approaching D．assisting
答案　B
解析　donate捐赠；work工作；approach接近；assist帮助。根据后文“So，I my job and worked there for three years.”可知，NASA选的是已经在NASA工作的侯选人。故选B。
13．A.insisted B．exchanged
C．applied D．quit
答案　D
解析　insist坚持认为；exchange交换；apply申请；quit停止。根据后文“worked there for three years”可知，作者是辞去了原本的工作，转而去了NASA。故选D。
14．A.strangely B．secretly
C．eventually D．coldly
答案　C
解析　strangely奇怪地；secretly秘密地；eventually最后，最终；coldly冷漠地。根据后文“NASA said I was selected”可知，经过多年的努力，作者最终被选中了。故选C。
15．A.take on responsibility
B．stay real
C．put in effort
D．think twice
答案　C
解析　take on responsibility承担责任；stay real保持真实；put in effort付出努力；think twice再三思考。根据后文“you can achieve anything you want to in your lifetime”并结合作者的经历可知，只要你付出努力，你会实现梦想的。故选C。(共104张PPT)
Period 4
Reading for Writing
Space exploration
Unit 4
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业4
课文深度理解
1.Why are some people against space exploration
A.They think space is heavily polluted.
B.They think it does harm to people.
C.They think we’ve learned much about space.
D.They think it wastes time and money and that we should find ways to
solve other urgent problems.
√
泛读速选
2.How does space exploration help fight against world hunger
A.By reducing natural disasters.
B.By helping grow enough food.
C.By offering data on water pollution.
D.By analyzing data on hungry population.
√
3.Which of the following is connected with space exploration
A.Electric bikes.
B.Bamboo chairs.
C.Ordinary pillows.
D.Smartphone cameras.
√
4.What did people realise when seeing pictures of Earth as an island in a black sea
A.The resources on Earth aren’t sufficient.
B.Life on Mars will be nicer than that on Earth.
C.We have such a rapidly increasing population.
D.It is hard to find other planets as our new home.
√
5.What’s the author’s attitude to exploring space
A.Supportive. B.Objective.
C.Neutral. D.Negative.
√
6.What’s the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A.To give tips on how to explore space.
B.To advise people to stop exploring space.
C.To explain diverse ways of exploring space.
D.To call people’s attention to space exploration.
√
精读细研
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY
Countries around the globe1 are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions2，whether to Mars or3 other planets much further away.
词块翻译：
1._________
2.__________________
3._____________
世界各地
各种各样的太空任务
不管……还是
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring
space. Instead，we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to4 other problems，such as pollution and fatal diseases. [1]However，
others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise5 how exploring space helps us.
词块翻译：
4.________________________
5.____________
立即找到……的解决办法
[1]此句是主从复合句，this is a shallow view...是省略了that的宾语从句；which fails to...是关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词view；how引导的是宾语从句。
未能意识到
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference6 in the fight against world hunger. [2]It has directly resulted in7 the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of8 the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.
词块翻译：
6._______________
7.___________
8.___________
有影响；有作用
导致；造成
[2]此句是主从复合句，关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词satellites。
许多；大量
Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis，the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for9 farmers. [3]As a result10,space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
[3]此句是简单句，不定式短语to grow enough food作定语，修饰名词efforts；不定式短语to feed Earth’s increasing population作目的状语。
词块翻译：
9._______________
10._______________
为某人提供某物
所以；结果(是)
Secondly，space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.[4]High-end products11 around the world are made to a higher standard now because of12 advanced technology13 which was first created to meet the requirements14 for space exploration.
词块翻译：
11._________
12.___________
13._________
14._________
高端产品
由于；因为
[4]此句是主从复合句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词technology；不定式短语to meet the requirements for space exploration作目的状语。
先进技术
满足要求
For example，space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today，space technologies are widely used in15 all kinds of industries，and everyday products such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras，are changing our lives.
词块翻译：
15._____________
被广泛使用于
Finally，sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about16 the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. [5]Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
[5]此句是主从复合句，动词 -ing形式短语Seeing...in a black sea在句中作主语；that引导的是宾语从句。
词块翻译：
16.______
考虑
In order to provide for17 such a rapidly increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. [6]The greatest attention at present18 is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future，humans may live on both planets.
词块翻译：
17.______________
18.___________
提供生活所需
现在；目前
[6]此句是主从复合句，because引导的是原因状语从句。
In closing19，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore，it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems20.
词块翻译：
19._____
20.______________________
最后
人们的短期和长期问题
析篇章结构
返 回
shallow
made a difference
promoted
think about
provide the world with many different benefits
语言知识梳理
n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏 (lacking adj.缺乏；不足)
[教材原句P42]Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity，so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy.由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱，所以他们每天都需要锻炼，这将有助于他们保持身体健康。
1
lack
[外研版]While some say contemporary art lacks skill，meaning and artistic value，others argue that its worth lies in its ability to stimulate new discussions and understanding of everyday objects，such as water pipes and iron wires.虽然有些人说当代艺术缺乏技巧、意义和艺术价值，但是其他人坚持认为：艺术的价值在于其激发新讨论的能力和对日常事物的理解，比如水管和铁丝。
·(a) lack of缺乏……
due to (a)/for/through lack of因缺少……
·lack sth缺乏某物
·be lacking in sth缺乏……
(1)I determined to work hard in the hope of making up for a lack ______
ability.
of
(2)(读后续写之动作描写)因缺少足够的自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
写作佳句
Due to (a)/Through/For lack of sufficient confidence/Because I lacked sufficient confidence/Because I was lacking in sufficient confidence
vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论(argument n.争论；争吵；论点)
2
argue
[教材原句P44]Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
[北师大版]If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
(1)I am disappointed to find that only a minority of people believe in my
(argument).
arguments
·argue with sb about/over sth因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against (doing) sth据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
·have an argument with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争吵/争论
(2)(话题写作之太空探索)最近我们班的学生就我们是否应该继续太空探索彼此争论。一些学生支持太空探索而一些学生据理反对。在我看来，太空探索能够帮助人类解决地球上的问题。
Students in our class have recently _________________________
carry on space
exploration.Some students are for it while others _____________
it.Personally，space exploration can assist mankind to address problems on the Earth.
写作佳句
had an argument/argued
with each other about/over whether we should
argue against
(3)(读后续写片段描写)约翰认为他可以通过卖爆米花帮助伯纳德渡过经济困难。约翰的妈妈赞成他的主意。接着，约翰冲向伯纳德的家说服他在市场上卖爆米花以赚取一些额外的钱。
John he could carry Bernard through the financial difficulty by selling popcorn.And John’s mother his idea.Then John rushed to Bernard’s home to ________________
in the market so as to earn some extra money.
argued that
argued for
argue him into
selling popcorn
3
result in
产生；导致；造成
·result from由于；由……造成
·as a result结果(是)；因此，所以
as a result of作为……的结果；由于
[教材原句P44]It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
(读后续写片段描写)突然的倾盆大雨淹没了山路。由于大雨，所有的路标都消失了。我们的混乱是由完全失去方向造成的。恐慌导致我们之间的争论。就在这时，一个山洞映入眼帘。结果，我们在那里躲避大雨，等待救援。
The sudden downpour flooded the mountain path.(1)_____________
the heavy rain，all trail markers disappeared. Our confusion (2)_______
losing direction completely. Panic (3) arguments among us. Just then，a cave came into sight.(4) ，we took shelter there from the heavy rain and waited for rescue.
As a result of
resulted
resulted in
from
As a result
adj.有限的；有限制的(limit vt.限制；限定 n.界限；限度limitless/unlimited adj.无限制的 limitation n.局限；限制)
[教材原句P44]Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
[译林版]However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
4
limited
(1)It is required that your analysis report should be limited 1,000 words.
(2)There is limit to one’s life，but no limit to (serve) the people.
to
·be limited to...限制在……
·limit...to...把……限定在……之内
·There is a/no limit to...……是有限的/无限的。
set a limit/limits on设定……的限度
without limit无限地，无限制地
serving
a
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)我们学校对我们要创作的短剧设定了限制。我们必须把这个英语短剧限制在我们所学的英语课文中。由于我们的能力有限，您可以帮我们选一篇课文吗？
Our school the short play we are to create.
We must the English short play the texts we have learned.Since our ability is ，could you please help us choose one text
写作佳句
sets a limit/limits on
limit
to
limited
(4)(话题写作之学习)知识是无限的。因此，我们应该把我们有限的时间致力于获得知识。
Knowledge is .As a result，we
should devote to acquiring it.
limitless/unlimited/without limit
our limited time
提供生活所需
[教材原句P44]In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。
5
provide for sb
provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb
supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb
offer sb sth/offer sth to sb
给某人提供某物
(1)Since our planet’s resources are limited，we should find a new home to provide the ever increasing population.
for
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)您可以给我提供一些如何提高英语口语的建议吗？
Would you please ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
写作佳句
provide/supply me with some suggestions on
how to improve my oral English/provide/supply/offer some suggestions on how to improve my oral English for/to me/offer me some suggestions on how to improve my oral English
用完；耗尽(相当于give out，物作主语，无被动语态)
[教材原句P45]It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.有必要在太空中为人们找到一个新家园，因为地球上的资源将会被耗尽。
[北师大版]Well，I’d love to know more，but，unfortunately，we’ve run out of time.嗯，我想了解更多，但很可惜，我们快到时间了。
6
run out
run out of用光，用完(相当于use up，人作主语)
run across偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰到(困境、麻烦等)
(读后续写片段描写)晨跑时我们就要没精力的时候，我在跑道附近偶然遇到了一只走失的小狗。我们追逐它，但它慌了。它冲进了设备储藏室，门卡住了，我们遇到了麻烦！在里面，我们的零食很快就耗尽了，我们试图让它平静下来。最后，小狗安静了下来。
Just as we (1) during morning run，I
(2) a lost puppy near the track. We (3) it，but it panicked. It darted into the equipment storage room，and we
(4) trouble when the door jammed! Inside，our snacks (5)_______
quickly as we tried to calm it. Finally，the puppy quieted down.
were running out of energy
ran across/into
ran after
ran into
ran out
vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属；(使)隶属(attached adj.附着的；依恋的；热爱的 attachment n.附件；依恋；连接)
[教材原句P46]While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.在睡觉时，为了防止四处飘浮，他们必须把自己拴在某个东西上。
[北师大版]Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.接下来，我们把汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。
7
attach
·attach...to...把……系/绑/贴在……上
attach significance/importance/value to...认为……重要/有价值；重视……
·be attached to依恋；附属于；爱慕
(1)In closing，please find my application letter and résumé in the
(attach).
(2)Born in Huizhou City，the boy has become (attach) to the cultures of ethnic minorities since childhood.
attachment
attached
(3)我认为经常读英文报非常重要，因为这会拓宽我的视野。
I _____________________________________________________
___________________ regularly because this can widen my view.
写作佳句
attach great importance/significance/value to reading the
English newspaper
[教材原句P44]Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
8
动词-ing形式作主语
动词-ing形式作主语，其用法如下：
·单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数；
·用it作形式主语，动词-ing形式后置作真正的主语。常用于“It is no use
doing...”“It is no good doing...”“It is fun doing...”“It is a waste of time
doing...”等句型中；
·动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语。当动词-ing形式有自己的逻辑主语时，
常在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动词-ing形式的复合
结构。
(1)同他争论这件事是浪费时间。
about this matter.
(2)(话题写作之语言学习)首先，我认为学汉语很有意思。其次，每天练习说汉语的确提高了我的语言能力。最后但同样重要的是，我的语文老师帮助我解决问题让我获益颇多。
Firstly，I think it is fun .Besides，________________
does improve my language ability.Last but not least，
is of great benefit to me.
It is a waste of time arguing with him
studying Chinese
practising speaking
Chinese every day
my Chinese teacher’s helping me solve problems
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)双胞胎没能做好母亲节早餐使他们很失望，他们几乎要哭了。
made them disappointed，and they were on the verge of tears.
The twins’ failing to cook Mother’s Day breakfast
返 回
基础达标检测
1.I have to turn to my teacher for help，for the whole problem is beyond me.
2.All of us should be open-minded and go with the current of the times.
3.Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.
4.Clubs need help from the regulars to attract more new members.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
________________
_______
_______________
_______
prep.非……所及
n.潮流
adv.在其他方面
n.常客
1.A lack of may have a bad influence on the brain development in the unborn child.
2.Exploring the universe is significant and after all，our natural
are limited.
3.At present you can use some apps on your smartphone to ___________
your health.
Ⅱ.单词拼写
oxygen
resources
monitor
4. The Student Union has planned a diversity of activities to persuade people into (回收利用) used products.
5. I had a poetry collection stolen and I felt as if (漂浮) in an ocean of sadness.
recycling
floating
1.Afterwards，we had an (argue) with each other about everything.
2. The young man often buys high-end items and as a result，his money is running .
3. He (regular) went to a shop selling china，because he took a fancy to china.
4. I had great trouble figuring what brought about our failure.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
argument
out
regularly
out
5. (lack) sufficient experience，I definitely can’t complete the mission wonderfully.
6. All of us attach great value to (keep) mental and physical health.
7. (eat) poisonous mushrooms may claim our life，so we must avoid eating them.
Lacking
keeping
Eating
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,1. to Mars or other planets much further away.
Firstly，space 2. (explore) has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.A number of satellites record data on land and weather patterns. 3. (consequent)，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts 4. (grow) enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
whether
exploration
Consequently
to grow
Secondly，exploring space has already promoted technological improvements that are 5. (benefit) to us all.High-end products around the world 6. (make) to a higher standard now because of advanced technology 7. was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
beneficial
are made
that/which
Finally,8. (send) astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing 9. (picture) of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.The greatest attention at present is on Mars 10. it is closer to Earth.In the future，humans may live on both planets.
sending
返 回
pictures
because
作业4
1.He (未能) figure out the root reason for the fatal accident.
2.In modern times，smartphones (被广泛使用于) our daily life.
3.At the moment I (考虑) taking exercise regularly to build up my muscles.
4.Lacking sufficient evidence (导致) our failure in yesterday’s debate competition.
5. What our monitor said (有影响) to all of us and we changed our negative attitude to learning.
Ⅰ.短语填空
failed to
are widely used in
am thinking about
resulted in
made a difference
1.前几天在班长主持的班会上，我们讨论了是否有必要进行太空探索。(that引导的定语从句)
We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out space exploration at a class meeting ___________________________________
.
2.有些同学认为太空探索浪费了许多钱，这些钱可以被用来解决其他问题，比如饥饿和污染。(which引导限制性定语从句)
Some students think space exploration wastes a lot of money _________
，such as starvation and pollution.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——太空探索
which can
that was hosted by our monitor the other
day
be used to solve other problems
3.然而，我不同意他们的看法，因为卫星已经被用于通信和天气预报，使我们的生活更加便利。(because引导的原因状语从句)
However，I don’t agree with them ________________________________
，making our life more convenient.
4.另外，人们意识到我们星球上的资源是有限的，如果能在其他行星上发现资源，地球上能源匮乏的问题就能够被解决。(that引导宾语从句)
Besides，people realise ，and if resources are found on other planets，the problem of energy shortages on Earth can be solved.
because satellites have been used for
that resources on our planet are limited
communication as well as weather forecast
5.因此，我认为探索太空对人类大有裨益。(动词-ing形式作主语)
Therefore，as far as I’m concerned，______________________________
________________.
exploring space is of great benefit
to human beings
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
A
The International Space Station (ISS) is a science laboratory in space.It is made of many different pieces that have been added on slowly since 1998.The group of astronauts working there changes often，but people have been living in the ISS for almost 18 years.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了宇航员修复国际空间站的漏洞的过程和结果。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
On Wednesday，NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.The station is full of air that the astronauts can breathe.But outside the ISS，in space，there is no air.That means the pressure inside the station is much higher.So，the ISS was like a bike tire with a tiny hole in it.
On Thursday，the astronauts went to work and soon found the leak.It was less than 2 millimeters wide.That’s about as wide as the lead (笔芯) on a pencil that hasn’t been sharpened.The hole is in a Russian part of the station，called the Soyuz.The Soyuz is the spacecraft that brought three of the astronauts to the ISS.Luckily，the Soyuz can still be used to return to Earth.When the astronauts first found the leak，German astronaut Alexander Gerst did something that seemed very natural—he covered the hole with his thumb.Because the hole was so tiny，
the astronauts were never in any danger.But it was still important to stop the leak.While they waited for more advice from Earth，the astronauts covered the hole with special tape.After many people discussed the problem on the ground，the astronauts were told how to fix the hole.Sergey Prokopyev of Russia did the job，filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.
The repair seems to have worked.The astronauts were able to get the air pressure back to normal.On Friday，the astronauts returned to their regular work.
NASA says that the hole was probably made by a tiny bit of a meteorite (陨石)—a rock flying through space.Some people believe the hole could be from a screw (螺丝) that came loose.It is also possible that the station was hit by a small piece of “space debris (残骸)”—tiny pieces of trash from other spacecraft.As more and more rockets and satellites are sent into space，space debris is a more common problem.
1.What was the problem with the ISS
A.The air started to go out from the ISS.
B.The ISS was hit by a piece of space debris.
C.The pressure outside the ISS was higher than that inside.
D.The astronauts inside the ISS had difficulty in breathing.
√
推理判断题。由第二段“周三，美国宇航局发现国际空间站有一个漏洞。空间站里充满了宇航员可以呼吸的空气。但是在国际空间站之外，太空中没有空气。这意味着空间站内的压力要高得多。所以，国际空间站就像一个自行车轮胎，上面有一个小洞。”可知，国际空间站出现漏洞，空气开始从国际空间站排出。故选A。
解析
2.What do we know about the hole
A.It was as sharp as a pencil lead.
B.It was caused by three of Russian astronauts.
C.It had posed a great danger to the astronauts.
D.It was so small that the thumb could cover it.
√
细节理解题。由第三段中“When the astronauts first...with his thumb.
(当宇航员第一次发现这个漏洞时，德国宇航员亚历山大·格斯特做了一件看起来很自然的事——他用拇指盖住了这个洞。)”可知，这个洞很小以至于拇指可以盖住它。故选D。
解析
3.What did the astronauts use to fix the leak in the ISS
A.A thumb and special tape.
B.Special tape and cloth soaked in special glue.
C.A pencil lead and special tape.
D.A pencil and cloth soaked in special glue.
√
细节理解题。由第三段中“While they waited...soaked in special glue.(在等待来自地球的更多建议时，宇航员们用特殊的胶带盖住了这个洞。在许多人在地面上讨论了这个问题之后，宇航员们被告知如何修复这个洞。俄罗斯的谢尔盖·普罗科皮耶夫完成了这项工作，他用浸泡在特殊胶水中的布填上了洞。)”可知，宇航员们用特殊胶带和浸泡在特殊胶水中的布修复国际空间站的漏洞。故选B。
解析
4.What would be the best title for the text
A.The Danger of the Leak in the International Space Station
B.The International Space Station Finds the Origin of the Leak
C.New Ways to Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
D.Astronauts Fix the Leak in the International Space Station
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是由第二段中“On Wednesday，NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.”和第四段“The repair seems to have...their regular work.(修理似乎起作用了。宇航员们能够使气压恢复正常。周五，宇航员们恢复了正常工作。)”可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员修复国际空间站的漏洞的过程和结果。选项D“宇航员修复国际空间站的漏洞”符合文章内容，适合作为标题。故选D。
解析
B(此篇精读)
Scientists have already established from ①multiple studies that Mars contains large amounts of water.Most of the water exists in the form of ice.Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence(AI) robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts (催化剂) to break down water and ②release oxygen.It could be another way for space travelers in the future to make much-needed oxygen on Mars.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家制造了一种人工智能机器人，可以利用火星上发现的材料来生产催化剂，以分解水并释放氧气。这可能是未来太空旅行者制造火星上急需的氧气的另一种方式。
Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface.The “robot chemist” first used an acid and chemical ③mixture to separate and examine materials contained in the meteorites.It identified several different metallic elements and then worked to identify different molecules(分子) that could be produced from meteorite materials.The system found more than 3.7 million possible molecule combinations.The robot used that data to predict which catalysts would be able to ④split water molecules to produce oxygen.The catalyst chosen as the best fit was able to operate at minus 37 degrees Celsius.This temperature is similar to current conditions on Mars.
The study’s lead writer，Jun Jiang，said that as a boy，he often dreamed of being able to one day travel in space.“So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules，I felt like my dream was coming true.I even started to imagine that I，myself，will live on Mars in the future.”
A report explaining the study’s results notes Jiang suggests that for every square meter of Martian material，his group’s system could produce nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour.The researchers say this level of production could remove the need for future astronauts to transport oxygen from Earth.The robot can work continuously for years.
Jiang said，“It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars.This could include processes for making substances to support the growth of plants that could be used to produce food for astronauts.Different chemicals can be made by this robot.Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other uses，suggesting the moon as another possibility.”
5.What do Chinese scientists use AI robots to do in the research
A.To collect water data from Mars.
B.To produce oxygen from water on Mars.
C.To explore the ice coverage on Mars.
D.To assist humans in settling down on Mars.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence(AI) robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts (催化剂) to break down water and release oxygen.”可知，中国科学家在研究中使用人工智能机器人用火星上的水产生氧气。故选B。
解析
6.Which aspect of the research does paragraph 2 focus on
A.Its process. B.Its scale.
C.Its result. D.Its effect.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface.The ‘robot chemist’ first used an acid and chemical mixture...and then worked to...The robot used that data...”可知，本段的重点是研究的过程。故选A。
解析
7.Why does the author mention Jiang’s dream
A.To explain the chemical reaction.
B.To advocate space travel.
C.To prove the success of the study.
D.To show the future life on Mars.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules，I felt like my dream was coming true.I even started to imagine that I，myself，will live on Mars in the future.”可知，作者提到江俊的童年梦想可以因此项研究而实现是为了体现这项研究的成功。故选C。
解析
8.What does Jiang stress in the last paragraph
A.The substances for growing plants on Mars.
B.The existence of oxygen on the moon.
C.The possible discovery of chemicals on Mars.
D.The potential application of AI robots.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段江俊所说“It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars.This could include...Different chemicals can be made by this robot.Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other uses，suggesting the moon as another possibility.”可推知，江俊强调了机器人的其他潜在作用，包括生产其他物质、应用于其他星球等。故选D。
解析
①multiple adj.______________________
②release vt.______(本文为此义)；排放；发布
③mixture n._______
④split v._____________
语境猜词
数量多的；多种多样的
释放
混合物
分开；使分开
So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules，I felt like my dream was coming true.
分析：此句为 句。when引导 从句；that引导 从句；made by the robot为过去分词短语作 ，修饰catalysts。
翻译：________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
时间状语
因此，当我们最终看到机器人制造的催化剂确实能通过分解水分子产生氧气时，我感觉自己的梦想就要实现了。
宾语
后置定语
I wanted to become an astronaut when I was just six years old.It was two years after I got out of university that NASA put out the announcement for new astronauts.
Ⅳ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想成为美国国家航空航天局的宇航员，但是申请了多次都以失败告终，最终通过自己的不懈努力和坚定决心实现了自己的梦想。
I was so 1 and I carefully filled out the 2 form.And guess what happened They politely 3 my application，twice，in four years.
1.A.surprised B.thrilled
C.embarrassed D.worried
2.A.survey B.agreement
C.application D.payment
3.A.declined B.reviewed
C.updated D.approved
√
√
√
1.surprised惊讶的；thrilled兴奋的，激动的；embarrassed尴尬的；worried担忧的。根据前文可知作者从小梦想成为宇航员，听说NASA招聘新宇航员的消息后应该是感到兴奋的。故选B。
2.survey 调查；agreement同意；application申请；payment支付。根据后文“They politely my application，twice，in four years.”可知，作者填写了申请表。故选C。
3.decline拒绝；review评论；update更新；approve赞成。根据后文“I knew I needed to do more.”可知，他们拒绝了作者的申请，所以作者需要做更多努力。故选A。
解析
I knew I needed to do more.I looked into the 4 of the people who were successful in making it to the astronaut program.
4.A.character B.background
C.family D.availability
√
character品质，性格；background背景；family家人，家庭；availability可用性。根据后文“Most of them had experience.”可知那些成功入选宇航员项目的人都有经验，所以是调查了背景。故选B。
解析
Most of them had 5 experience.So，I started taking the required lessons.
5.A.cycling B.diving
C.flying D.climbing
√
cycling骑行；diving 潜水；flying飞行；climbing爬山。根据后文“As I got my pilot’s license，there was another astronaut selection.”可知作者去学习了飞行，所以此处指的是有飞行经验。故选C。
解析
As I got my pilot’s license，there was another astronaut selection.This time，I made a step further.I 6 all the medical tests.
6.A.skipped B.passed
C.missed D.attended
√
skip跳过，掠过；pass 通过；miss错过；attend参加。根据后文“It turned out that NASA was doing a security background and was looking at the police records to see if I had been in any trouble.”可知，作者是通过了医学检查，然后NASA对作者做背景调查。故选B。
解析
A week went by and suddenly some of my friends began 7 me saying the police were making inquiries(询问) about me.It turned out that NASA was doing a security background 8 and was looking at the police records to see if I had been in any trouble.
7.A.calling B.requesting
C.questioning D.suggesting
8.A.description B.analysis
C.report D.check
√
√
7.call打电话；request要求；question质疑；suggest建议。根据后文“saying the police were making inquiries (询问) about me”可知，应该是朋友打电话给作者，告诉作者这件事情。故选A。
8.description描述；analysis分析；report报道；check调查。根据后文“was looking at the police records to see if I had been in any trouble”可知，NASA是在做背景调查。故选D。
解析
I thought I had 9 it，but for the third time，NASA rejected me.
9.A.made B.overcame
C.attempted D.completed
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make成为，达到；overcome克服；attempt尝试；complete完成。根据后文的“but”和“NASA rejected me”可知，作者本以为自己成功了。make it为固定搭配，意为“获得成功”。故选A。
解析
The next morning，the 10 thought that popped into my head was that I still wanted to be an astronaut！
10.A.first B.practical
C.creative D.hopeful
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first第一的；practical实际的；creative有创造力的；hopeful有希望的。根据后文“I still wanted to be an astronaut”可知，作者失败之后的第一个想法仍然是成为一名宇航员。故选A。
解析
By looking at the people NASA was selecting，I discovered that they 11 candidates who were already 12 at NASA.
11.A.identified B.discovered
C.reminded D.chose
12.A.donating B.working
C.approaching D.assisting
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11.identify发现，识别；discover发现；remind使想起；choose选择。根据前文“By looking at the people NASA was selecting”可知，此处指的是他们选择的候选人。故选D。
12.donate捐赠；work工作；approach接近；assist帮助。根据后文“So，I my job and worked there for three years.”可知，NASA选的是已经在NASA工作的侯选人。故选B。
解析
So，I 13 my job and worked there for three years.Soon thereafter，another astronaut selection took place.This time， 14 ，NASA said I was selected.
13.A.insisted B.exchanged
C.applied D.quit
14.A.strangely B.secretly
C.eventually D.coldly
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13.insist坚持认为；exchange交换；apply申请；quit停止。根据后文“worked there for three years”可知，作者是辞去了原本的工作，转而去了NASA。故选D。
14.strangely奇怪地；secretly秘密地；eventually最后，最终；coldly冷漠地。根据后文“NASA said I was selected”可知，经过多年的努力，作者最终被选中了。故选C。
解析
take on responsibility承担责任；stay real保持真实；put in effort付出努力；think twice再三思考。根据后文“you can achieve anything you want to in your lifetime”并结合作者的经历可知，只要你付出努力，你会实现梦想的。故选C。
解析
It takes time to achieve your dreams and it takes persistence.But if you are willing to 15 ，you can achieve anything you want to in your lifetime.
15.A.take on responsibility B.stay real
C.put in effort D.think twice
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