资源简介

(共88张PPT)
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
The value of money
Unit 5
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分并完成练习
(一)
On 15 October 1997，the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Saturn(土星).So great was the distance from Earth that it ①would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.When it reached Saturn，it sent back amazing images of the planet’s famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it ②could collect data.Over the following years，Cassini took some 450,000 images of the planet and its moons.
情境导读
Finally，on 15 September 2017，Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it ③would meet a fiery end.Scientists had decided that Cassini ④must be destroyed this way，so it ⑤wouldn’t collide with any of Saturn’s moons.In its nearly 20-year mission，Cassini provided so much information that scientists ⑥could not process it all.No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye，saying，“Farewell，dear Cassini! We ⑦shall never forget you！”
情态动词是一种本身具有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但 单独作谓语，只能和其他动词 构成谓语。情态动词表示预测，如①、③和⑤中的would是表示对过去事情的预测，意为“ ”；②和⑥中的could表示能力，意为“ ”；④中的must表示强调，意为“必须，一定要”；⑦中的shall强调意愿，等同于 。
不能
原形
能够
将会
will
(二)
One dollar and eighty-seven cents.That was all she had.Della counted it three times.One dollar and eighty-seven cents.①And the next day would be Christmas.②If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim，③she would need more money.But how could she earn some Della stood in front of the mirror in her apartment.She looked at her reflection，brushed her long，brown hair，and made up her mind：④she was going to sell her hair.With the money she received for it，⑤she would buy Jim a perfect gift.
Della had her hair cut off and sold it for twenty dollars.She spent the next two hours hunting for Jim’s gift.She found it at last：a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch，which had been passed down to him from his grandfather.Della paid twenty-one dollars for the watch chain，and hurried home with the remaining eighty-seven cents.She looked at her reflection in the mirror carefully again.She felt nervous.Did she look like a little schoolboy without her beautiful long hair？⑥Would Jim still think she was pretty？⑦She was about to find out.
加颜色部分在时态上均为过去将来时，其中句 和
表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态； 表示“过去曾计划或安排要做”； 表示“过去准备、计划去做”，为主观打算或客观判断； 表示过去即将发生的动作。
①，③，⑤
⑥
④
②
⑦
一、情态动词
(一)can/could的用法
语法精讲
表示能力 Her servant can speak four foreign languages.
她的仆人会说四种外语。
The boy could ride a bike last year.这个男孩去年就会骑自行车了。
表示客观可能性 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime.任何人在一生中都可能犯错误。
表示许可 Can I have a look at that plasticy box？我可以看一下那个塑料盒吗？
表示请求(使用could比用can语气更显委婉客气。could此时和can没有时间上的差别，它主要用于疑问句，不用于肯定句，因此肯定回答时要改用can。) —Could I take out a loan tomorrow？
—Yes，you can./No，I’m afraid not.
——我明天能取得贷款吗？
——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。
表示推测(can表示理论上存在的可能性；在表示否定的推测时，一般用can’t。) He has just had his lunch.He can’t be hungry.
他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。
点津　习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分”，有时cannot可用can never替代。
(二)must/have to的用法
1.表示必须、必要
You must go to see the doctor regularly.
你必须定期看医生。
在回答must引出的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t(禁止，不准)，而用needn’t或don’t have to(不必)。
—Must we apologise to the servant？
—Yes，you must.(No，you don’t have to/you needn’t.)
——我们必须向那个仆人道歉吗？
——是的，必须道歉。(不，不需要。)
点津　must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要，并且have to 有更多的时态形式。
Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her.
她妈妈生病了，她必须在家照顾她。
2.must表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
Your mother must be on duty now.
你妈妈现在一定在值班。
点津　表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest 你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
① you please be kind enough to tell me something about that
②Life is full of choices，so we think clearly before making a decision.
③I am not a trained musician，but I’ve learnt to read music so I _____
help Maria in her performance.
④Tom，you not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
Could
must
can
must
(三)may/might的用法
表示请求和允许(might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。) —Might/May I smoke beneath the tree？
—Yes，you can./No，you mustn’t.
——我可以在这棵树下吸烟吗？
——是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。
may用于表示祝愿，结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形” May you succeed！
祝你成功！
表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)，might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 Your mother may/might not know the truth.
你妈妈或许不知道真相。
点津　may/might as well“还是……好，不妨”。
(四)shall/should的用法
shall用于第一、三人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening？
我们今晚做什么？
shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you ignore the details.如果你忽视这些细节，你会失败的。
He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it.如果他继续那样做，他会受到惩罚的。
(五)should/ought to的用法
表示“应该”(ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重) I should help her because she is in trouble.她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。
You ought to take care of the baby.
你应该照看这个婴儿。
表示劝告、建议和命令(should，ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should) You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。
表示按常理、经验进行的推测 He ought to/should be home by now.
现在他应该到家了。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①You as well take a walk with your friends or take some exercise.
② we go there together this Friday afternoon
③ you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China again!
④I have realized that I be responsible for not only myself but also for the society.
may/might
Shall
May
should
(六)will/would的用法
表示请求、建议等，would更委婉 Will/Would you pass me the ball，please？
请把球递给我，好吗？
表示意志、愿望和决心 I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
They asked him if he would make a bet.
他们问他是否愿意打个赌。
表示估计和猜想 It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
她离开家时大约10点钟。
点津　would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
During the vacation，he would visit me every other day.
在假期中，他每隔一天来看我一次。
(七)need和dare的用法
1.need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作情态动词时，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn’t表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句，作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答时用needn’t。
I love the weekend，because I needn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
我喜欢周末，因为周六周日我不用早起。
—Need I answer the question
——我需要回答这个问题吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn’t.
——是的，你必须回答。/不，你不需要回答。
2.dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
Dare you tell your parents about your school records？你敢告诉你父母你的学校记录吗？
I daren’t ask her for a rise.
我不敢要求她给我加薪。
点津　need用作实义动词时，后接带to的不定式。单数第三人称要加-s。
The house needs painting.＝The house needs to be painted.房子需要粉刷。
dare用作实义动词时，后接带to的不定式(在否定句和疑问句中，可省略to)，单数第三人称加-s，其否定式和疑问式要借助于助动词do，并有时态、人称变化。
We must dare to think，speak and act.
我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。
We don’t dare (to) say anything.
我们什么也不敢说。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①He go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he was young.
②—Sorry，I forgot to tell John about your party.
—It doesn’t matter. I call him in a while.
③Many people were standing around watching with pity，but no one
to help him up.
④You to quit the habit of drinking cola only.
would
will
dared
need
(八)“情态动词＋have done”的用法
1.can have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
He cannot have forgotten it.
他不可能忘记的。
2.could have done用来表示推测，意为“可能已经”，也可以表示“本可以做某事而未做”。
He wasn’t at home last night.He could have gone to the movies.
他昨晚不在家，可能去看电影了吧。
The accident could have been avoided.
这场事故本来是可以避免的。
3.should/ought to have done意为“过去该做某事而没有做”，表示说话者后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。
I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it was too late.
我真后悔浪费了本该努力学习的光阴，但已经晚了。
4.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done意为“过去不该做某事却(已经)做了”，也表示说话者后悔或责备的语气。
To be honest，I shouldn’t have spoken to you like that.
说实话，我本不应该那样对你说话的。
5.needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事却已经做了”。
You needn’t have taken out a loan；we could give you a hand.
你本不需要贷款的，我们可以帮助你。
6.must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。
Judging by what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
7.may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“也许已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中。
[即时训练4]　完成句子
①It was an easy test and he ，but he didn’t.
那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。
②I ，but I made too many stupid mistakes.
我本可以轻易通过这次考试的，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
③You the Chongyang Festival，but it is actually my favourite.
你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。
should/ought to have passed
could have passed the examination easily
might/may have never heard of
④You ，for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days.
你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。
needn’t have booked the ticket
二、过去将来时
(一)过去将来时的含义
1.表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。
The man said that he would wait for us at the consulate.
那个男人说他将在领事馆等我们。
2.表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。
He would walk by the lake while in the countryside.他在农村时经常在湖边散步。
(二)过去将来时的表达法
would＋动词原形 He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
was/were going to do表示“准备、计划做某事”，或将要发生某事。 The boy was not going to do anything eventually.
最后这个男孩不准备做任何事。
was/were about to do表示“正要、即将”。 His father was about to be transferred to a seaside town.
他父亲即将被调往一座海滨小城。
was/were on the point of doing表示“正要做……”。 She was on the point of leaving when we came in.
她即将动身离开，这时我们进来了。
was/were due to do表示“预定做某事”。 Word came that the ship was due to leave at midnight.
有消息说，船定于午夜起航。
go，come，leave，take等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 A great many people were coming to watch the game.
有许多人要来看比赛。
She told her mother that she was leaving for a ball with Mike.她告诉母亲，她要和迈克一起去参加一个舞会。
was/were to do表示“曾计划做某事或过去注定要发生的事”。 The press conference was to be held the next week.记者招待会将于第二周举行。
This discovery was to change the course of medicine.这一发现会改变医学进程。
(三)过去将来时与一般将来时的比较
Tom says that he will never get married.
汤姆说他永远不结婚。
Tom said that he would never get married.
汤姆说过他永远不结婚。
总结　一般将来时是表示从现在看来将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则是表示从过去看来将要发生的情况。
[即时训练5]　单句语法填空
①She said the bus (leave) at five the next morning.
②I wasn’t sure whether he (lend) me his book the next morning.
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job _________________
(become) the turning point in his life.
④He said he (visit) China the next week.
⑤In his introduction，he made it clear that our credit (be) hard-earned.
was leaving
would lend
was to become
was going to visit
would be
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的情态动词
Levinson started receiving donations from kind persons.Besides blankets，they also brought other necessities for the kids to survive the bitterly cold winter.A young mother even drove a long way with her little daughter to offer pairs of their handmade gloves and some school supplies.Just as quickly，the school was showered with so many items that the library stood unusable，piled high with packages from donors.After carefully sorting out the donations，Levinson made a detailed list to make sure every kid 1. get the stuff they needed most.
达标检测
could
Every kid was looking forward to the exciting moment.At the sight of the gifts，the kids could hardly contain their pure delight，bright eyes wide open，most sharing their portions immediately with their siblings.One little boy wiped his hands repeatedly on his coat before taking the soft blanket and he 2. be excited.“Who 3. I thank？” they 4. always ask.Levinson told them to remain kind and pay it forward when they grew up.Cold as the winter was，all the needy kids were enveloped in the warmth from the nice and generous strangers.
would
must
should
作业3
1.你的鞋在明天中午前应该能修好。(should)
_____________________________________________________________
2.走了这么长的路，那位老太太现在肯定累了。(must)
_____________________________________________________________
3.昨天你本不该告诉她事实的真相。(shouldn’t)
_____________________________________________________________
4.你本来可以做得更好，但你没尽你最大的努力。(could/might)
_____________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单句写作
Your shoes should be mended by tomorrow noon.
The old lady must be tired now after the long walk.
You shouldn’t have told her the truth yesterday.
You could/might have done better，but you didn’t try your best.
5.说实话，事故可能会发生在任何一个醉酒的司机身上。(can)
_____________________________________________________________
6.我敢说如果你遵循以上建议，你可以取得更多的进步。(dare)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7.你应该学会控制你自己，这会帮助你避免说你会后悔的话。(ought to)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
8.昨天他说他会改正他的坏习惯。(would)
_____________________________________________________________
To be honest，accidents can happen to any drunken driver.
I dare say that you can make much more progress if you follow the above suggestions.
You ought to learn to control yourself，which can help you avoid saying what you’ll regret.
Yesterday he said that he would correct his bad habits.
A
According to the great German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche，you have the potential(潜能) for greatness inside of you，but like most people，you will probably let it be destroyed by your own laziness.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了要在懒惰和过度苦干之间找到平衡，追求有意义的生产力和自我实现。
Ⅱ.主题语篇阅读
And just as it’s important not to spend all of our time in comfort，it’s also important not to spend it working too hard.You might argue that progress can be achieved through slavishness(苦干).But does it make any sense to achieve progress if it’s not enjoyable and if it doesn’t lead us to our potential If we focus on progress simply for the progress itself，we may fail to live the meaningful life we are truly seeking.
The solution to this problem，then，lies in the middle between laziness and slavishness.I call that middle joyful productivity(生产力).It’s about spending your energy in a way that allows you to make meaningful progress each day and avoid the disasters of laziness.
As Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of Nations，“...by reducing every man’s business to one simple operation，and by making this operation the only employment of his life，necessarily increases the skillfulness of the workman.” In his opinion，when you concentrate all of your attention on one area of expertise(专长)，you can become a master in it.And when you become a master in that area，you can create things of value，thus promoting your productivity.
And how do you pick a single area of expertise It should be something that you are really interested in，because only then will you be able and willing to spend the huge amount of time and effort it takes to become a master in any field.
The end of both laziness and slavishness begins with the discovery of your passions(热爱).Examine the things that caught your interest ever since you were a child before the world told you what you had to care about.The way forward lies within the examination of those early interests.
1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Slavishness isn’t a good way to make progress.
B.Comfort doesn’t contribute to a meaningful life.
C.You can enjoy your life only by making progress.
D.Slavishness helps develop one’s greatest potential.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段中“And just as it’s important not to spend all of our time in comfort，it’s also important not to spend it working too hard.”和“If we focus on...are truly seeking.”可知，第二段主要讲述了苦干不是一种取得进步的好方式。故选A。
解析
2.What does Adam Smith stress in The Wealth of Nations
A.The importance of increasing workmen.
B.The significance of focusing on one specific field.
C.The value of mastering working skills.
D.The usefulness of creating valuable things.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段尤其是最后两句可知，他强调了在某一特定领域专注的重要性。故选B。
解析
3.What is the function of the question in paragraph 5
A.To show the author’s confusion.
B.To excite readers’ comment.
C.To express an opposite opinion.
D.To introduce the next topic.
√
推理判断题。在第五段中，作者提出“你如何选择一个专业领域？”这个问题并强调这个领域应该是你真正感兴趣的事，下一段建议审视并发现你的爱好。因此，该问题的作用是引入下一个话题。故选D。
解析
4.What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph
A.Care about the world.
B.Treasure their childhood.
C.Find their true passion.
D.Prevent laziness.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The end of both...those early interests.”可知，作者建议人们要找到自己真正热衷的爱好。故选C。
解析
B(此篇精读)
When making decisions，most people ①view cost as an important consideration.While price is ②undoubtedly important，what about some hidden costs that also come into play
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在做决策时，除了考虑显而易见的成本外，还应考虑一些隐藏的成本，这些隐藏的成本可能对决策的长期效果产生重大影响。
For example，what are the long-term effects of your decision Have you considered how your decision impacts your relationships Simply put，hidden costs may be invisible to the naked eye，but they’re very visible (可见的) to your wallet.Ignoring these factors can cost you a lot.
Consider a scene where a manager cuts costs by asking some workers to leave.While this move reduces salary expenses，how will it impact the morale(士气) and ③loyalty of the remaining employees Similarly，imagine somebody spending hours surfing the web，lost in searching for cheaper things.The question is whether the savings equal the spent time.If cost is your only consideration，you’ll pay the price.Price Isn’t the Only Cost!
Furthermore，even if cost is the only factor in your decision-making，all of the “true costs” should be considered.For example，if you’re thinking about buying new technology the equipment cost is only part of the price.People will need training，the software may need ④customization，and you’ll probably lose productivity until people get up to speed.Those are real costs too.
In addition，even when price is the main consideration，it’s important to tell the difference between price and value.For example，when you’re investing in a high-quality product from a famous organization，compare maintenance(保养) and repair costs with its competitors，assess the product ⑤life span，and hear what existing customers have to say.As the old saying goes，“You get what you pay for.”
Always keep in mind that every time you say “yes” to one thing，you’re certainly saying “no” to another.So，in decision-making，always consider invisible costs.This ensures you’re aiming for the best solution rather than a good one.After all，choices are easy.The tough part is living with them.
5.What does the underlined phrase “come into play” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Come into sight. B.Play a part.
C.Come into use. D.Play around.
√
词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词后文“For example，what are the long-term effects of your decision Have you considered how your decision impacts your relationships Simply put，hidden costs may be invisible to the naked eye，but they’re very visible (可见的) to your wallet.Ignoring these factors can cost you a lot.”可推知，虽然价格无疑是重要的，但是还有一些隐藏的成本也起着作用。“come into play”意为“起作用”。故选B。
解析
6.What may be the hidden cost of firing workers
A.Reducing salary expenses.
B.Cutting costs of the company.
C.Doing wonders for the workers’ morale.
D.Discouraging the remaining workers.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While this move reduces salary expenses，how will it impact the morale (士气) and loyalty of the remaining employees？”可推知，解雇员工的隐藏成本可能是剩下的员工的士气和忠诚度受到影响。故选D。
解析
7.How is the passage mainly developed
A.By giving examples.
B.By listing figures.
C.By using space order.
D.By explaining concepts.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For example，what are the long-term effects of your decision？”再根据第三段中的“For example，if you’re thinking about buying new technology the equipment cost is only part of the price.”以及第四段中的“For example，when you’re investing...”可知，文章通过举例的方式，说明了在做决策时，除了考虑显而易见的成本外，还应考虑一些隐藏的成本，这些隐藏的成本可能对决策的长期效果产生重大影响。故选A。
解析
8.What can we learn from this passage
A.You get what you pay for.
B.Price is the main consideration.
C.Considering the best solution is easy.
D.Be thoughtful when making decisions.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Always keep in mind that every time you say ‘yes’ to one thing，you’re certainly saying ‘no’ to another.So，in decision-making，always consider invisible costs.This ensures you’re aiming for the best solution rather than a good one.After all，choices are easy.The tough part is living with them.”可推知，我们在做决策时要深思熟虑。故选D。
解析
①view...as ____________
②undoubtedly(派)＝un＋ doubt＋ed＋ly adv.___________
③loyalty(派)＝loyal＋ty n._____
④customization(派) ＝ customize ＋ation n.____________
⑤life span __________
语境猜词
将……视为
毫无疑问
忠诚
个性化定制
使用寿命
While price is undoubtedly important，what about some hidden costs that also come into play？
分析：此句为 句。while引导 从句；what about...？为固定句型，意为“ ”；that引导 从句，costs为先行词，that在从句中作 。
翻译：________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
让步状语
……怎么样？
主语
尽管价格无疑至关重要，但那些同样发挥作用的隐性成本又该如何考量呢？
定语
Money habits are the small daily decisions we make that influence how we spend and save our money.
Ⅲ.七选五阅读
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些改变日常金钱习惯以实现财务目标的建议。
1 But with a little awareness and effort，we can make improvements that will help us achieve our financial goals.
A.It is never too late to start saving money.
B.It might be challenging to change these habits.
C.Setting and sticking to a budget(预算) is also important.
D.Budgeting and savings are both necessary for good money habits.
E.Be patient and do not expect to change your money habits overnight.
F.Plus，waiting a day or two can help you decide if you still want the item.
G.This includes tracking your spending for a month and analyzing the
data.
√
上文说“金钱习惯是我们每天做出的影响我们如何花钱和存钱的小决定”，下文说“然而，只要有一点意识和努力，我们就可以做出改进，帮助我们实现财务目标”，由此可知，设空处内容与下文为转折关系，应提到改变金钱习惯并不容易，B项“改变这些习惯可能具有挑战性”符合语境，these habits指代上文中的Money habits。故选B项。
解析
Taking a careful look at your existing spending habits is one of the first steps in improving your money habits. 2 It can make you realize the issues on your spending habits，which help you identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns.
A.It is never too late to start saving money.
B.It might be challenging to change these habits.
C.Setting and sticking to a budget(预算) is also important.
D.Budgeting and savings are both necessary for good money habits.
E.Be patient and do not expect to change your money habits overnight.
F.Plus，waiting a day or two can help you decide if you still want the item.
G.This includes tracking your spending for a month and analyzing the data.
√
上文说“仔细审视你现有的消费习惯是改善你的金钱习惯的第一步”，下文说“它可以让你意识到你的消费习惯的问题，这有助于你确定你可以调整你的消费模式的领域”，由此可知，设空处内容应承接上文，进一步说明审视消费习惯的具体做法。G项“这涉及跟踪你一个月的所有支出，然后分析数据”符合语境。故选G项。
解析
Next，set up clear financial goals for yourself.Having a specific objective in mind will help you keep motivated and focused，whether it’s saving for a down payment on a home，removing credit card debt or creating an emergency fund.
3 A budget ensures that your spending is focused on important things and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your goals.Make sure to include it for savings and keep using it.
A.It is never too late to start saving money.
B.It might be challenging to change these habits.
C.Setting and sticking to a budget(预算) is also important.
D.Budgeting and savings are both necessary for good money habits.
E.Be patient and do not expect to change your money habits overnight.
F.Plus，waiting a day or two can help you decide if you still want the item.
G.This includes tracking your spending for a month and analyzing the
data.
√
根据下文“预算确保你的支出集中在重要的事情上，并留出足够的现金来实现你的目标”可知，此处强调制定和坚持预算的重要性，设空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与“预算”相关，C项“制定并坚持预算也很重要”符合语境。故选C项。
解析
Impulsive(冲动的) purchasing is a key habit to break.It’s necessary to take action to stop the habit of impulse shopping because it can significantly reduce your bank account.Making a list of the items you require before you go shopping and sticking to it is one approach to achieve this. 4
A.It is never too late to start saving money.
B.It might be challenging to change these habits.
C.Setting and sticking to a budget(预算) is also important.
D.Budgeting and savings are both necessary for good money habits.
E.Be patient and do not expect to change your money habits overnight.
F.Plus，waiting a day or two can help you decide if you still want the item.
G.This includes tracking your spending for a month and analyzing the data.
√
根据上文“It’s necessary...your bank account.”可知，这里主要讲要改掉冲动消费的习惯。F项“另外，等待一两天可以帮助你决定是否仍然想要该商品”是改掉冲动消费习惯的方法之一，承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。
解析
Finally，it’s critical to track your spending and goals，and be prepared to adjust as required. 5 Adjusting your spending patterns is a process，and its effects might not be seen right away.With a little knowledge and effort，you can make positive changes，helping you achieve your financial goals and strengthen your overall financial health.
A.It is never too late to start saving money.
B.It might be challenging to change these habits.
C.Setting and sticking to a budget(预算) is also important.
D.Budgeting and savings are both necessary for good money habits.
E.Be patient and do not expect to change your money habits overnight.
F.Plus，waiting a day or two can help you decide if you still want the item.
G.This includes tracking your spending for a month and analyzing the data.
√
根据下文“Adjusting your spending...seen right away.”可知，这里主要讲你调整消费模式后的效果不是立竿见影的，E项“要有耐心，不要指望一夜之间改变你的金钱习惯”引起下文，符合语境。故选E项。
解析
A global citizen is someone who feels like they are a part of an emerging world community and someone who works 1.________________
(contribute) to this society’s values and beliefs.And global citizens see the world as 2. whole，value diversity and understand global issues.
Ⅳ.语法填空
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“全球公民”的概念及其在日常生活中的实践方式。
to contribute
a
1.考查非谓语动词。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to contribute。
2.考查冠词。as a whole为固定搭配，意为“作为一个整体”。故填a。
解析
Being a global citizen 3. (be) far more than just collecting travel stones.It’s about being aware of the 4. (large) world around you and knowing the importance of learning about communities other than your own.
is
3.考查动词时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语being a global citizen，be动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
4.考查形容词比较级。空处作定语，需用形容词，根据句意，表示“更大的”应用形容词比较级larger。故填larger。
解析
larger
In this learning activity，you will conduct research and watch videos on global citizenship before reflecting on 5. it means to be part of an interconnected society.
what
考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
解析
Being a global citizen，outside of academic settings，you can embrace diversity and expand cultural 6. (aware) by introducing others to food，toys，music，and books from around the world.
awareness
考查名词。空处需填名词awareness作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填awareness。
解析
7. (create) additional opportunities to learn about diversity and inclusion(包容性) in everyday activities can promote inclusive behaviors and a global citizenship mindset！
Creating
考查非谓语动词。空处作主语，需用动名词形式creating，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Creating。
解析
8. (additional)，try expanding your horizons by exploring neighborhoods of various heritages in your hometown! Visit your city’s Chinatown，attend a cultural festival 9.__________ tour the museum to become absorbed in diverse traditions and customs.
Additionally
8.考查副词。修饰整个句子，需用副词additionally，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Additionally。
9.考查连词。结合语境可知，上下文为选择关系或者顺承关系，需用连词or/and连接。故填or/and。
解析
or/and
Knowing a second language can be extremely helpful for engaging and communicating 10.________ people across cultures.Through the process of learning a new language，you will begin to empathize with immigrants and other language learners.
with
考查介词。communicate with为固定搭配，意为“与……交流”。故填with。
解析
本课结束Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分并完成练习
(一)
On 15 October 1997，the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Saturn(土星)．So great was the distance from Earth that it ①would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.When it reached Saturn，it sent back amazing images of the planet’s famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it ②could collect data.Over the following years，Cassini took some 450,000 images of the planet and its moons.Finally，on 15 September 2017，Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it ③would meet a fiery end.Scientists had decided that Cassini ④must be destroyed this way，so it ⑤wouldn’t collide with any of Saturn’s moons.In its nearly 20-year mission，Cassini provided so much information that scientists ⑥could not process it all.No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye，saying，“Farewell，dear Cassini! We ⑦shall never forget you！”
　　情态动词是一种本身具有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词表示预测，如①、③和⑤中的would是表示对过去事情的预测，意为“将会”；②和⑥中的could表示能力，意为“能够”；④中的must表示强调，意为“必须，一定要”；⑦中的shall强调意愿，等同于will。
(二)
One dollar and eighty-seven cents.That was all she had.Della counted it three times.One dollar and eighty-seven cents.①And the next day would be Christmas.②If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim，③she would need more money.But how could she earn some Della stood in front of the mirror in her apartment.She looked at her reflection，brushed her long，brown hair，and made up her mind：④she was going to sell her hair.With the money she received for it，⑤she would buy Jim a perfect gift.
Della had her hair cut off and sold it for twenty dollars.She spent the next two hours hunting for Jim’s gift.She found it at last：a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch，which had been passed down to him from his grandfather.Della paid twenty-one dollars for the watch chain，and hurried home with the remaining eighty-seven cents.She looked at her reflection in the mirror carefully again.She felt nervous.Did she look like a little schoolboy without her beautiful long hair？⑥Would Jim still think she was pretty？⑦She was about to find out.
　　黑体部分在时态上均为过去将来时，其中句①，③，⑤和⑥表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；②表示“过去曾计划或安排要做”；④表示“过去准备、计划去做”，为主观打算或客观判断；⑦表示过去即将发生的动作。
一、情态动词
(一)can/could的用法
表示能力 Her servant can speak four foreign languages. 她的仆人会说四种外语。 The boy could ride a bike last year.这个男孩去年就会骑自行车了。
表示客观可能性 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime.任何人在一生中都可能犯错误。
表示许可 Can I have a look at that plasticy box？我可以看一下那个塑料盒吗？
表示请求(使用could比用can语气更显委婉客气。could此时和can没有时间上的差别，它主要用于疑问句，不用于肯定句，因此肯定回答时要改用can。) —Could I take out a loan tomorrow？ —Yes，you can./No，I’m afraid not. ——我明天能取得贷款吗？ ——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。
表示推测(can表示理论上存在的可能性；在表示否定的推测时，一般用can’t。) He has just had his lunch.He can’t be hungry. 他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。
点津　习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分”，有时cannot可用can never替代。
(二)must/have to的用法
1．表示必须、必要
You must go to see the doctor regularly.
你必须定期看医生。
在回答must引出的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t(禁止，不准)，而用needn’t或don’t have to(不必)。
—Must we apologise to the servant？
—Yes，you must.(No，you don’t have to/you needn’t.)
——我们必须向那个仆人道歉吗？
——是的，必须道歉。(不，不需要。)
点津　must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要，并且have to 有更多的时态形式。
Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her.
她妈妈生病了，她必须在家照顾她。
2．must表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
Your mother must be on duty now.
你妈妈现在一定在值班。
点津　表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest 你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①Could you please be kind enough to tell me something about that
②Life is full of choices，so we must think clearly before making a decision.
③I am not a trained musician，but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.
④Tom，you must not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
(三)may/might的用法
表示请求和允许(might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。) —Might/May I smoke beneath the tree？ —Yes，you can./No，you mustn’t. ——我可以在这棵树下吸烟吗？ ——是的，你可以。/ 不，你不可以。
may用于表示祝愿，结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形” May you succeed！ 祝你成功！
表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)，might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 你妈妈或许不知道真相。
点津　may/might as well“还是……好，不妨”。
(四)shall/should的用法
shall用于第一、三人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening？ 我们今晚做什么？
shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you ignore the details.如果你忽视这些细节，你会失败的。 He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it.如果他继续那样做，他会受到惩罚的。
(五)should/ought to的用法
表示“应该”(ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重) I should help her because she is in trouble.她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。 You ought to take care of the baby. 你应该照看这个婴儿。
表示劝告、建议和命令(should，ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should) You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。
表示按常理、经验进行的推测 He ought to/should be home by now. 现在他应该到家了。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①You may/might as well take a walk with your friends or take some exercise.
②Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon
③May you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China again!
④I have realized that I should be responsible for not only myself but also for the society.
(六)will/would的用法
表示请求、建议等，would更委婉 Will/Would you pass me the ball，please？ 请把球递给我，好吗？
表示意志、愿望和决心 I will never do that again. 我再也不那样做了。 They asked him if he would make a bet. 他们问他是否愿意打个赌。
表示估计和猜想 It would be about ten o’clock when she left home. 她离开家时大约10点钟。
点津　would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
During the vacation，he would visit me every other day.
在假期中，他每隔一天来看我一次。
(七)need和dare的用法
1．need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作情态动词时，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn’t表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句，作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答时用needn’t。
I love the weekend，because I needn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
我喜欢周末，因为周六周日我不用早起。
—Need I answer the question
——我需要回答这个问题吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn’t.
——是的，你必须回答。/不，你不需要回答。
2．dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
Dare you tell your parents about your school records？你敢告诉你父母你的学校记录吗？
I daren’t ask her for a rise.
我不敢要求她给我加薪。
点津　need用作实义动词时，后接带to的不定式。单数第三人称要加-s。
The house needs painting.＝The house needs to be painted.房子需要粉刷。
dare用作实义动词时，后接带to的不定式(在否定句和疑问句中，可省略to)，单数第三人称加-s，其否定式和疑问式要借助于助动词do，并有时态、人称变化。
We must dare to think，speak and act.
我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。
We don’t dare (to) say anything.
我们什么也不敢说。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①He would go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he was young.
②—Sorry，I forgot to tell John about your party.
—It doesn’t matter. I will call him in a while.
③Many people were standing around watching with pity，but no one dared to help him up.
④You need to quit the habit of drinking cola only.
(八)“情态动词＋have done”的用法
1．can have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
He cannot have forgotten it.
他不可能忘记的。
2．could have done用来表示推测，意为“可能已经”，也可以表示“本可以做某事而未做”。
He wasn’t at home last night.He could have gone to the movies.
他昨晚不在家，可能去看电影了吧。
The accident could have been avoided.
这场事故本来是可以避免的。
3．should/ought to have done意为“过去该做某事而没有做”，表示说话者后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。
I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it was too late.
我真后悔浪费了本该努力学习的光阴，但已经晚了。
4．shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done意为“过去不该做某事却(已经)做了”，也表示说话者后悔或责备的语气。
To be honest，I shouldn’t have spoken to you like that.
说实话，我本不应该那样对你说话的。
5．needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事却已经做了”。
You needn’t have taken out a loan；we could give you a hand.
你本不需要贷款的，我们可以帮助你。
6．must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。
Judging by what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
7．may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“也许已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中。
[即时训练4]　完成句子
①It was an easy test and he should/ought to have passed，but he didn’t.
那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。
②I could have passed the examination easily，but I made too many stupid mistakes.
我本可以轻易通过这次考试的，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
③You might/may have never heard of the Chongyang Festival，but it is actually my favourite.
你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。
④You needn’t have booked the ticket，for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days.
你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。
二、过去将来时
(一)过去将来时的含义
1．表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。
The man said that he would wait for us at the consulate.
那个男人说他将在领事馆等我们。
2．表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。
He would walk by the lake while in the countryside.他在农村时经常在湖边散步。
(二)过去将来时的表达法
would＋动词原形 He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。
was/were going to do表示“准备、计划做某事”，或将要发生某事。 The boy was not going to do anything eventually. 最后这个男孩不准备做任何事。
was/were about to do表示“正要、即将”。 His father was about to be transferred to a seaside town. 他父亲即将被调往一座海滨小城。
was/were on the point of doing表示“正要做……”。 She was on the point of leaving when we came in. 她即将动身离开，这时我们进来了。
was/were due to do表示“预定做某事”。 Word came that the ship was due to leave at midnight. 有消息说，船定于午夜起航。
go，come，leave，take等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 A great many people were coming to watch the game. 有许多人要来看比赛。 She told her mother that she was leaving for a ball with Mike.她告诉母亲，她要和迈克一起去参加一个舞会。
was/were to do表示“曾计划做某事或过去注定要发生的事”。 The press conference was to be held the next week.记者招待会将于第二周举行。 This discovery was to change the course of medicine.这一发现会改变医学进程。
(三)过去将来时与一般将来时的比较
Tom says that he will never get married.
汤姆说他永远不结婚。
Tom said that he would never get married.
汤姆说过他永远不结婚。
总结　一般将来时是表示从现在看来将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则是表示从过去看来将要发生的情况。
[即时训练5]　单句语法填空
①She said the bus was leaving(leave) at five the next morning.
②I wasn’t sure whether he would lend(lend) me his book the next morning.
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become(become) the turning point in his life.
④He said he was going to visit(visit) China the next week.
⑤In his introduction，he made it clear that our credit would be(be) hard-earned.
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的情态动词
Levinson started receiving donations from kind persons.Besides blankets，they also brought other necessities for the kids to survive the bitterly cold winter.A young mother even drove a long way with her little daughter to offer pairs of their handmade gloves and some school supplies.Just as quickly，the school was showered with so many items that the library stood unusable，piled high with packages from donors.After carefully sorting out the donations，Levinson made a detailed list to make sure every kid 1.could get the stuff they needed most.
Every kid was looking forward to the exciting moment.At the sight of the gifts，the kids could hardly contain their pure delight，bright eyes wide open，most sharing their portions immediately with their siblings.One little boy wiped his hands repeatedly on his coat before taking the soft blanket and he 2.must be excited.“Who 3.should I thank？” they 4.would always ask.Levinson told them to remain kind and pay it forward when they grew up.Cold as the winter was，all the needy kids were enveloped in the warmth from the nice and generous strangers.
作业3
[分值：71.5分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(共8小题；每小题3分，满分24分)
1．你的鞋在明天中午前应该能修好。(should)
Your shoes should be mended by tomorrow noon.
2．走了这么长的路，那位老太太现在肯定累了。(must)
The old lady must be tired now after the long walk.
3．昨天你本不该告诉她事实的真相。(shouldn’t)
You shouldn’t have told her the truth yesterday.
4．你本来可以做得更好，但你没尽你最大的努力。(could/might)
You could/might have done better，but you didn’t try your best.
5．说实话，事故可能会发生在任何一个醉酒的司机身上。(can)
To be honest，accidents can happen to any drunken driver.
6．我敢说如果你遵循以上建议，你可以取得更多的进步。(dare)
I dare say that you can make much more progress if you follow the above suggestions.
7．你应该学会控制你自己，这会帮助你避免说你会后悔的话。(ought to)
You ought to learn to control yourself，which can help you avoid saying what you’ll regret.
8．昨天他说他会改正他的坏习惯。(would)
Yesterday he said that he would correct his bad habits.
Ⅱ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
According to the great German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche，you have the potential(潜能) for greatness inside of you，but like most people，you will probably let it be destroyed by your own laziness.
And just as it’s important not to spend all of our time in comfort，it’s also important not to spend it working too hard.You might argue that progress can be achieved through slavishness(苦干)．But does it make any sense to achieve progress if it’s not enjoyable and if it doesn’t lead us to our potential If we focus on progress simply for the progress itself，we may fail to live the meaningful life we are truly seeking.
The solution to this problem，then，lies in the middle between laziness and slavishness.I call that middle joyful productivity(生产力)．It’s about spending your energy in a way that allows you to make meaningful progress each day and avoid the disasters of laziness.
As Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of Nations，“...by reducing every man’s business to one simple operation，and by making this operation the only employment of his life，necessarily increases the skillfulness of the workman.” In his opinion，when you concentrate all of your attention on one area of expertise(专长)，you can become a master in it.And when you become a master in that area，you can create things of value，thus promoting your productivity.
And how do you pick a single area of expertise It should be something that you are really interested in，because only then will you be able and willing to spend the huge amount of time and effort it takes to become a master in any field.
The end of both laziness and slavishness begins with the discovery of your passions(热爱)．Examine the things that caught your interest ever since you were a child before the world told you what you had to care about.The way forward lies within the examination of those early interests.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了要在懒惰和过度苦干之间找到平衡，追求有意义的生产力和自我实现。
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Slavishness isn’t a good way to make progress.
B．Comfort doesn’t contribute to a meaningful life.
C．You can enjoy your life only by making progress.
D．Slavishness helps develop one’s greatest potential.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中“And just as it’s important not to spend all of our time in comfort，it’s also important not to spend it working too hard.”和“If we focus on...are truly seeking.”可知，第二段主要讲述了苦干不是一种取得进步的好方式。故选A。
2．What does Adam Smith stress in The Wealth of Nations
A．The importance of increasing workmen.
B．The significance of focusing on one specific field.
C．The value of mastering working skills.
D．The usefulness of creating valuable things.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段尤其是最后两句可知，他强调了在某一特定领域专注的重要性。故选B。
3．What is the function of the question in paragraph 5
A．To show the author’s confusion.
B．To excite readers’ comment.
C．To express an opposite opinion.
D．To introduce the next topic.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。在第五段中，作者提出“你如何选择一个专业领域？”这个问题并强调这个领域应该是你真正感兴趣的事，下一段建议审视并发现你的爱好。因此，该问题的作用是引入下一个话题。故选D。
4．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph
A．Care about the world.
B．Treasure their childhood.
C．Find their true passion.
D．Prevent laziness.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“The end of both...those early interests.”可知，作者建议人们要找到自己真正热衷的爱好。故选C。
B(此篇精读)
When making decisions，most people ①view cost as an important consideration.While price is ②undoubtedly important，what about some hidden costs that also come into play For example，what are the long-term effects of your decision Have you considered how your decision impacts your relationships Simply put，hidden costs may be invisible to the naked eye，but they’re very visible (可见的) to your wallet.Ignoring these factors can cost you a lot.
Consider a scene where a manager cuts costs by asking some workers to leave.While this move reduces salary expenses，how will it impact the morale(士气) and ③loyalty of the remaining employees Similarly，imagine somebody spending hours surfing the web，lost in searching for cheaper things.The question is whether the savings equal the spent time.If cost is your only consideration，you’ll pay the price.Price Isn’t the Only Cost!
Furthermore，even if cost is the only factor in your decision-making，all of the “true costs” should be considered.For example，if you’re thinking about buying new technology the equipment cost is only part of the price.People will need training，the software may need ④customization，and you’ll probably lose productivity until people get up to speed.Those are real costs too.
In addition，even when price is the main consideration，it’s important to tell the difference between price and value.For example，when you’re investing in a high-quality product from a famous organization，compare maintenance(保养) and repair costs with its competitors，assess the product ⑤life span，and hear what existing customers have to say.As the old saying goes，“You get what you pay for.”
Always keep in mind that every time you say “yes” to one thing，you’re certainly saying “no” to another.So，in decision-making，always consider invisible costs.This ensures you’re aiming for the best solution rather than a good one.After all，choices are easy.The tough part is living with them.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在做决策时，除了考虑显而易见的成本外，还应考虑一些隐藏的成本，这些隐藏的成本可能对决策的长期效果产生重大影响。
5．What does the underlined phrase “come into play” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Come into sight. B．Play a part.
C．Come into use. D．Play around.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词后文“For example，what are the long-term effects of your decision Have you considered how your decision impacts your relationships Simply put，hidden costs may be invisible to the naked eye，but they’re very visible (可见的) to your wallet.Ignoring these factors can cost you a lot.”可推知，虽然价格无疑是重要的，但是还有一些隐藏的成本也起着作用。“come into play”意为“起作用”。故选B。
6．What may be the hidden cost of firing workers
A．Reducing salary expenses.
B．Cutting costs of the company.
C．Doing wonders for the workers’ morale.
D．Discouraging the remaining workers.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While this move reduces salary expenses，how will it impact the morale (士气) and loyalty of the remaining employees？”可推知，解雇员工的隐藏成本可能是剩下的员工的士气和忠诚度受到影响。故选D。
7．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By giving examples.
B．By listing figures.
C．By using space order.
D．By explaining concepts.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For example，what are the long-term effects of your decision？”再根据第三段中的“For example，if you’re thinking about buying new technology the equipment cost is only part of the price.”以及第四段中的“For example，when you’re investing...”可知，文章通过举例的方式，说明了在做决策时，除了考虑显而易见的成本外，还应考虑一些隐藏的成本，这些隐藏的成本可能对决策的长期效果产生重大影响。故选A。
8．What can we learn from this passage
A．You get what you pay for.
B．Price is the main consideration.
C．Considering the best solution is easy.
D．Be thoughtful when making decisions.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Always keep in mind that every time you say ‘yes’ to one thing，you’re certainly saying ‘no’ to another.So，in decision-making，always consider invisible costs.This ensures you’re aiming for the best solution rather than a good one.After all，choices are easy.The tough part is living with them.”可推知，我们在做决策时要深思熟虑。故选D。
[语境猜词] ①view...as将……视为 ②undoubtedly 派 ＝un＋ doubt＋ed＋ly adv.毫无疑问 ③loyalty 派 ＝loyal＋ty n.忠诚 ④customization 派 ＝ customize ＋ation n.个性化定制 ⑤life span使用寿命 [句式分析] While price is undoubtedly important，what about some hidden costs that also come into play？ 分析：此句为复合句。while引导让步状语从句；what about...？为固定句型，意为“……怎么样？”；that引导定语从句，costs为先行词，that在从句中作主语。 翻译：尽管价格无疑至关重要，但那些同样发挥作用的隐性成本又该如何考量呢？
Ⅲ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Money habits are the small daily decisions we make that influence how we spend and save our money. 1 But with a little awareness and effort，we can make improvements that will help us achieve our financial goals.
Taking a careful look at your existing spending habits is one of the first steps in improving your money habits. 2 It can make you realize the issues on your spending habits，which help you identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns.
Next，set up clear financial goals for yourself.Having a specific objective in mind will help you keep motivated and focused，whether it’s saving for a down payment on a home，removing credit card debt or creating an emergency fund.
3 A budget ensures that your spending is focused on important things and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your goals.Make sure to include it for savings and keep using it.
Impulsive(冲动的) purchasing is a key habit to break.It’s necessary to take action to stop the habit of impulse shopping because it can significantly reduce your bank account.Making a list of the items you require before you go shopping and sticking to it is one approach to achieve this. 4
Finally，it’s critical to track your spending and goals，and be prepared to adjust as required. 5 Adjusting your spending patterns is a process，and its effects might not be seen right away.With a little knowledge and effort，you can make positive changes，helping you achieve your financial goals and strengthen your overall financial health.
A．It is never too late to start saving money.
B．It might be challenging to change these habits.
C．Setting and sticking to a budget(预算) is also important.
D．Budgeting and savings are both necessary for good money habits.
E．Be patient and do not expect to change your money habits overnight.
F．Plus，waiting a day or two can help you decide if you still want the item.
G．This includes tracking your spending for a month and analyzing the data.
1．答案　B
解析　上文说“金钱习惯是我们每天做出的影响我们如何花钱和存钱的小决定”，下文说“然而，只要有一点意识和努力，我们就可以做出改进，帮助我们实现财务目标”，由此可知，设空处内容与下文为转折关系，应提到改变金钱习惯并不容易，B项“改变这些习惯可能具有挑战性”符合语境，these habits指代上文中的Money habits。故选B项。
2．答案　G
解析　上文说“仔细审视你现有的消费习惯是改善你的金钱习惯的第一步”，下文说“它可以让你意识到你的消费习惯的问题，这有助于你确定你可以调整你的消费模式的领域”，由此可知，设空处内容应承接上文，进一步说明审视消费习惯的具体做法。G项“这涉及跟踪你一个月的所有支出，然后分析数据”符合语境。故选G项。
3．答案　C
解析　根据下文“预算确保你的支出集中在重要的事情上，并留出足够的现金来实现你的目标”可知，此处强调制定和坚持预算的重要性，设空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与“预算”相关，C项“制定并坚持预算也很重要”符合语境。故选C项。
4．答案　F
解析　根据上文“It’s necessary...your bank account.”可知，这里主要讲要改掉冲动消费的习惯。F项“另外，等待一两天可以帮助你决定是否仍然想要该商品”是改掉冲动消费习惯的方法之一，承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。
5．答案　E
解析　根据下文“Adjusting your spending...seen right away.”可知，这里主要讲你调整消费模式后的效果不是立竿见影的，E项“要有耐心，不要指望一夜之间改变你的金钱习惯”引起下文，符合语境。故选E项。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
A global citizen is someone who feels like they are a part of an emerging world community and someone who works 1. (contribute) to this society’s values and beliefs.And global citizens see the world as 2. whole，value diversity and understand global issues.
Being a global citizen 3. (be) far more than just collecting travel stones.It’s about being aware of the 4. (large) world around you and knowing the importance of learning about communities other than your own.In this learning activity，you will conduct research and watch videos on global citizenship before reflecting on 5. it means to be part of an interconnected society.
Being a global citizen，outside of academic settings，you can embrace diversity and expand cultural 6. (aware) by introducing others to food，toys，music，and books from around the world.7. (create) additional opportunities to learn about diversity and inclusion(包容性) in everyday activities can promote inclusive behaviors and a global citizenship mindset！8. (additional)，try expanding your horizons by exploring neighborhoods of various heritages in your hometown! Visit your city’s Chinatown，attend a cultural festival 9.__________ tour the museum to become absorbed in diverse traditions and customs.
Knowing a second language can be extremely helpful for engaging and communicating 10.___________ people across cultures.Through the process of learning a new language，you will begin to empathize with immigrants and other language learners.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“全球公民”的概念及其在日常生活中的实践方式。
1．答案　to contribute
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to contribute。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。as a whole为固定搭配，意为“作为一个整体”。故填a。
3．答案　is
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语being a global citizen，be动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
4．答案　larger
解析　考查形容词比较级。空处作定语，需用形容词，根据句意，表示“更大的”应用形容词比较级larger。故填larger。
5．答案　what
解析　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
6．答案　awareness
解析　考查名词。空处需填名词awareness作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填awareness。
7．答案　Creating
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作主语，需用动名词形式creating，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Creating。
8．答案　Additionally
解析　考查副词。修饰整个句子，需用副词additionally，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Additionally。
9．答案　or/and
解析　考查连词。结合语境可知，上下文为选择关系或者顺承关系，需用连词or/and连接。故填or/and。
10．答案　with
解析　考查介词。communicate with为固定搭配，意为“与……交流”。故填with。

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