资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．The role of Roots & Shoots.
B．The future of Roots & Shoots.
C．The features of Roots & Shoots.
D．The history of Roots & Shoots.
答案　A
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．Which is NOT “Just-me-ism”？
A．Leaving a light on when you go out.
B．Turning off the light when you go out.
C．Leaving the tap running while you brush your teeth.
D．Dropping a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.
答案　B
2．Who is Jane Goodall
A．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.
B．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild monkeys.
C．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild tigers.
D．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild wolves.
答案　A
3．What does the phrase “roots and shoots” mean in fact
A．The green young plants.
B．The beautiful flowers.
C．The young animals.
D．The young people.
答案　D
4．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To tell readers what “Just-me-ism” is.
B．To persuade everyone to adopt “Just-me-ism”．
C．To introduce the establishment of Roots & Shoots.
D．To call on everyone to take action to protect our environment.
答案　D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Most people suffer from what is known as“Just-me-ism”．It is a bad behaviour which does damage to the environment.Therefore,1.to inspire(inspire) young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots 2.was set(set) up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to 3.her(she) research，she has been whole-heartedly committed to 4.environmental (environment)protection.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots 5.is(be) to educate young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future 6.that/which is secure and live together in peace with nature.The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 7.slowly(slow) under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，8.but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your 9.friends(friend) and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it 10.a better place to live in.That’s what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual.
1．Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”．(P31，Para.1)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：大多数人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。
2.This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.(P31，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。a scientist是Dr.Jane Goodall的同位语；who引导定语从句，修饰 a scientist，在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：这个组织于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。
3.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate(educate) young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.(P31，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是由so连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是主系表结构；第二个分句中that引导定语从句，修饰a future，在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
4.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.(P31，Para.3)
结构分析：本句是简单句。句中solve，change和make是并列谓语；make it a better place to live in是make的复合结构，其中it是宾语，a better place是宾语补足语，to live in是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰place。
汉语翻译：成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使之成为更好的居住地。
5.Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wag its(it) tail，and when you water a thirsty plant？(P31，Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。you help to make the world a better place是省略了that的宾语从句；when you make...smile，when you make...tail和when you water...plant是三个并列的时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？
6.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play(play)．Every individual makes a difference.”(P31，Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。第一个that引导的是宾语从句；第二个that引导的是表语从句，该从句中3个以“Every individual”开头的句子构成排比。
汉语翻译：珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”
shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射击；射中；拍摄[shooting n．射击；枪杀；(电影)拍摄]
·take a shoot at朝……射击
·shoot at朝……射击；向……开枪
[写作佳句]
(1)这名士兵毫不犹豫地向靶子射击，但又没有射中。
The soldier didn’t hesitate to shoot at/take a shoot at the target，but missed it again.
(2)The short movie which was shot in that area was very popular with the old people.
→The short movie shot in that area was very popular with the old people.(用非谓语动词改写)
bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n．麻烦(bothered adj.烦恼的)
·bother to do/doing sth费心做某事
bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人
it bothers sb that.../to do sth使某人苦恼的是……
can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事
·have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费力
(1)Don’t bother to look/looking(look) for my umbrella，and it will turn up some day.
(2)The fact is that they can’t be bothered to do(do) minor things that won’t give them results.
(3)Currently，he’s busy with the contest，so you’d better not bother him with/about so many questions.
[写作佳句]
(4)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)他整天心烦意乱，无法专心上课。
He felt bothered all day，unable to put his mind into his lessons.
(5)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)让凯莉(Kelly)烦恼的是，她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一个派对。
It bothered Kelly that she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew.
take action 采取行动
take steps/measures采取措施
take notice of注意；理会
take a chance冒险；碰运气
take effect生效；起作用
take advantage of利用
用take短语的正确形式完成语段
As a responsible citizen，he has (1)taken notice of the fact that most people have begun a green life.So he decides to (2)take action/steps/measures.For example，he will (3)take advantage of the Internet to call on more people to protect the environment.When the new rules (4)take effect，he will inform the fans as soon as possible.
foundation n．基础；地基；创建，创办(found vt.创立；建立founder n．创办人，创始者)
·lay the foundation for...为……打下基础
without foundation无事实根据
·found...on/upon...把……建立在……上
(1)He was one of the founders(found) of the university’s medical faculty.
(2)The school has served the community since its foundation(found) in 2022.
[写作佳句]
(3)四年的大学学习和生活为未来的事业奠定了基础，抓住这四年就是把握住了未来。
Four years of university study and life lay the foundation for future career and seizing the years is to grasp future.
involve vt.参与；包含(involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的)
·involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中
involve oneself in 参与
involve doing sth包含做某事；需要做某事
·get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；参与；热衷于；专心于
(1)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
(2)To protect our environment，we should get involved(involve) in recycling the used materials.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之活动报道)来自不同县区的大约100家公司参与了这次展览。
About 100 companies from different counties got involved in/involved themselves in the exhibition.
“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构
Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.(P31，Para.1)
比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
结构分析：本句是复合句。say之后为or 连接的两个宾语从句；while和when均引导时间状语从句；“leave the tap running”和“leave a light on”都属于“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，表示“使……处于某种状态”。
————————————————————————————————————————
“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构中宾补可以是形容词、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)The young mother was busy doing housework，leaving her little son crying(cry) there.
(2)He was so tense that he left his house hurriedly，leaving his breakfast untouched(touch)．
[写作佳句]
(3)听到这个消息，他冲出了公寓，门还开着。
Hearing the news，he rushed out of the flat，leaving the door open.
if 引导的虚拟条件句
Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world.(P31，Para.1)
当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
结构分析：本句含有if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。
————————————————————————————————————————
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：
从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 (1)过去式 (2)were to＋动词原形 (3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
————————————————————————————————————————
[写作佳句]
(1)(应用文写作之感谢信)如果你没有及时帮我，我可能已经陷入了巨大的麻烦。
If you hadn’t helped me in time，I could have got into great trouble.
(2)(2024·北京，写作)如果我是你，我会谈谈中国减少贫困的努力，这些努力使数百万人摆脱了贫困，改善了许多人的生活。
If I were you，I would discuss China’s efforts to reduce poverty，which have lifted millions of people out of poverty and improved the lives of many people.
(3)(应用文写作之告知信)如果明天下雨的话，我们将把这次运动会推迟到下周末。
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow，we would put off the sport meet until next weekend.
阅读以下短文，感知加黑词汇在句中所作成分
Last Tuesday，a Roots & Shoots project was set up in my community.As I walked down No.1 Street，I saw volunteers ①encouraging people to join in.②Inspired by the message of the project，many people felt that they should act now，as they have seen an ③increasing number of highly ④polluted days this year.
While recently，many have become more concerned about environmental protection.There are still some who haven’t，⑤thinking that someone else will deal with the problem.However，if everybody had that attitude，we would never see any environmental problems ⑥solved in our society.We should remember—it’s not just “me”！
①宾补；②状语；③定语；④定语；⑤状语；⑥宾补。
动词-ing和-ed形式
动词-ing形式和-ed形式是非谓语动词的两种非常重要的形式，在句子中可以作状语、定语、宾语补足语、表语等。
一、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作状语
1．与句子主语的关系
动词-ing形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。
动词-ed形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Not knowing what to do，he went to the organiser for help.(he和know之间是主动关系)
由于不知道做什么，他去找组织者求助。
Given more attention，the founders could have done better.(the founders和give之间是被动关系)
如果这些创始人受到更多关注，他们本可以做得更好。
2．动词-ing形式和-ed形式在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步等。
(1)作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在前面加一个表时间的连词，如when，while等。
Hearing the news，they immediately took action to stop the study.
＝When they heard the news，they immediately took action to stop the study.
听到这个消息后，他们立即采取行动阻止了这项研究。
Asked (＝When he was asked) why he looked so bothered，he lowered his head.当他被问到为什么他看上去如此担心时，他低下了头。
(2)作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
Being poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region.
＝As he was poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region.
因为穷，他在那个地区买不起一所大房子。
Blamed (＝Because he was blamed) by his boss，he decided to change his job.
因为被老板责备了，他决定换工作。
(3)作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。
Using your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty.
＝If you use your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty.
动动脑筋，你很可能找到一个好的方法来克服困难。
Grown (＝If these seeds are grown) in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.
如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
(4)作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列句。
He walked down the river，thinking about the current problems.
＝He walked down the river and thought about the current problems.
他沿着河流一边走，一边考虑着当前的问题。
The organiser entered the hall，(and he was) followed by a group of volunteers.
组织者进入了大厅，后面跟着一群志愿者。
(5)作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。
Liking the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it.
＝Although/Though/While I like the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢这辆车，但是我没有足够的钱买它。
Offered (＝Although/Though/While he was offered) such a nice job，Tom didn’t feel contented at all.
虽然被提供了那么好的工作，但汤姆一点儿也不感到满足。
语法拓展：
1．动词-ing形式作结果状语，是表示随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果，前面有时候可以加thus。不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，前面常加only。试比较：
The glass fell off the table，breaking into pieces.
杯子从桌子上掉下来，摔成了碎片。
I hurried to the playground，only to find that the bricks had been removed.
我匆忙赶到操场，却发现那些砖已经被搬走了。
2．having done作状语，强调动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
Having lived in Beijing for many years，he knows the city well.
因为在北京住了很多年，他对这座城市很熟悉。
注意：动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果它们有自己的独立主语，则要用独立主格结构：当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主谓关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是动宾关系时，用动词-ed 形式。
Carrying a large and heavy box，she tripped on a step and fell.(√)
Carrying a large and heavy box，her foot tripped on a step and fell.(×)
Time permitting，we can complete the project.
如果时间允许，我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语Time与 permit之间存在主谓关系，独立主格结构作条件状语)
All the work done，they decided to treat themselves to a movie.
所有的工作都做完了，他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语All the work与do之间存在动宾关系，独立主格结构作原因或时间状语)
二、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作定语
动词-ing形式作定语多表示主动或正在进行，也可指事物的用途，与它所修饰的词往往构成逻辑上的主动关系；动词-ed形式作定语多表示被动或完成，与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系。单个的动词-ing形式或-ed形式作定语往往前置，动词-ing或-ed短语往往后置。
The young man working in that institute is my brother.(主动)
那个在研究院工作的年轻人是我的哥哥。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.(用途)
阅览室里不准大声说话。
China is a developing country，where most people are leading a contented life.(进行)
中国是一个发展中国家，这里的大部分人都过着满意的生活。
The retired man is very interested in recycling these materials.(完成)
那个退休的人对回收利用这些材料非常感兴趣。
Who were the so-called guests invited to your flat last night？(被动)
昨晚被邀请到你公寓的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
The injured were not bothered to walk in the yard；they preferred to lie in bed.(被动)
这些伤者懒得在院子里散步，他们更愿意躺在床上。
语法拓展：
1．不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如：
a retired worker＝a worker that has retired一名退休工人
the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶
a developed country＝a country which has developed一个发达国家
2．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is a new institute for that university.
去年建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。
The building being built now is a new institute for that university.
现在正在建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。
The building to be built next month is a new institute for that university.
下个月将要建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。
三、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语时，动词-ing形式表示正在进行的主动意义，动词-ed形式则表示已经完成的被动意义。
-ing形式 表示主动，动作正在进行，宾语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的执行者。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。
-ed形式 表示被动，动作已完成，宾语是动词-ed形式所表示动作的承受者。 I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
具体用法如下：
1．位于感官动词，如see，hear，feel，watch，find，notice等后。
We saw the smog filling the whole city in that winter.
那个冬天，我们看到雾霾笼罩了整座城市。
When I found him struggling for a chance to go abroad，I felt a little surprised.
当我发现他为了一个出国机会在奋斗时，我有点惊讶。
I opened the magazine，only to find the advertisement cut out.
我打开杂志，却发现那则广告被剪掉了。
When she heard her husband affected by a deadly disease，she was worried about him.
当她听说丈夫感染了致命疾病时，她非常担心他。
2．位于使役动词，如make，have，get，keep，leave等后。
The young conductor was a little shy，so it was hard to get him talking.
这位年轻的指挥有些害羞，让他开口讲话是很难的。
He rushed out of the house，leaving his little son crying.
他冲出了房子，留下他的小儿子在那里哭泣。
The clock doesn’t work，so you’d better have its battery changed.
那个钟停摆了，你最好把电池换掉。
She still couldn’t make herself understood in English.
她仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思。
3．用于with复合结构中。
With so many people looking at her，the young performer felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，这位年轻的表演者感到很紧张。
With all the problems settled，he felt relieved.
所有问题都解决了，他感到如释重负。
注意：make后的宾语补足语一般不用现在分词表主动，而只用过去分词表被动。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。
四、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作表语
1．作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
The news that so many accidents occurred last week was worrying.
上周发生了那么多事故，这消息令人担忧。
My hobby is collecting all kinds of posters on the wall.
我的爱好是收集墙上的各种海报。
2．动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意义。
(1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等。
When the organiser left the meeting room，some members remained seated there.
当组织者离开会议室时，一些成员还坐在那里。
When they arrived in that region，they found that they were lost.
他们到达那个地区时发现自己迷路了。
(2)有些过去分词作表语时，往往具备形容词的性质。
We were amazed at the story of that man with strong determination.
我们对那位具有坚定决心的人的故事感到大为惊奇。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Frightened(frighten) by the fierce dog，the little girl began to cry.
2．It was so cold that he found it hard to get the old car running(run)．
3．The boy felt more uneasy with the whole class staring(stare) at him.
4．The organiser stood there，surrounded(surround) by a group of students.
5．The retired(retire) teacher makes a proposal to protect the environment.
6．What made the composer sad was that he had his bike stolen(steal) last night.
7．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars.
8．As we all know，China is a developing country belonging(belong) to the third world.
9．The old man，having worked(work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland.
10．Clearly and thoughtfully written(write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着，发出光和热。
The sun shines brightly in the sky，giving off light and heat.
2．因为专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜晚临近了。
Absorbed/Involved in painting，John didn’t notice evening drawing near.
3．刚才被警察问询的那个人对这场打斗进行了不同的描述。
The man questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
4. 汤姆对学习失去了信心；我发现他总是上网。
Tom loses confidence in study；I find him always surfing the Internet.
Ⅲ.完成下面语段，尽可能多地使用现在分词和过去分词
一场基于中国传统文化的英语演讲比赛定于下周在我校举行。比赛如此令人兴奋以至于我已经报名并且完成了以中国茶为中心的演讲草稿。然而，我有点担心，因为我不是很确定我是否已经让别人理解我的意思。您能抽些时间把我的草稿看一看并将它修改、润色一下吗？细节在附件中。
An English speech contest 1.based on traditional Chinese culture is scheduled to be held in our school next week.It is 2.so exciting that I have signed up and finished a speech draft 3.centered/centering on Chinese tea.However，I am 4.a little worried，for I am not quite sure whether I have 5.made myself understood.Would you be kind enough to spare some time to go through my draft and 6.have it corrected and polished The details are in the attachment.
训练2　Lesson 1
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Don’t keep the tap running(run) when you wash your face.
2．He soon found a huge bear in the desert，shot at it but only wounded it.
3．The test will involve answering(answer) questions about a photograph showing smog over a city.
4．If I had seen the traffic signals，I wouldn’t have run(not，run) the red lights.
5．Drivers using mobile phones are four times more likely to be involved in a crash.
6．They couldn’t be bothered to play(play) with such a little child like me at the time.
7．We firmly(firm) support the global plan to protect the environment，for the earth is our home.
8．The fact that we like and respect each other is a good foundation(found) for cooperation.
9．Every June，bands from all around the world come to the small town to celebrate the festival
10.An institute is an organization set up to do a particular type of work，especially research or teaching.
Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——如何过绿色生活)(满分15分)
1．面对严重的环境问题，我们必须关注它们并找到解决办法。(-ed作状语)
Faced with serious environmental problems，we must pay attention to them and find solutions.
2．不要在刷牙时让水龙头开着，或者让灯亮着就离开家。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth or leave the house with the lights still on.
3．我们最好骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具去上学，而不是开车，这样将减少空气污染，缓解交通堵塞。(-ing作状语)
We’d better cycle or use public transport to school instead of taking a car，thus reducing air pollution and relieving traffic jams.
4．是我们立即采取行动的时候了。(take action)
It’s high time that we took immediate action/should take immediate action.
5．如果每个人都为这个星球尽自己的一份力量，那么它将是一个更加绿色的地方。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
If everyone did his part for the planet，it would be a greener place.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
How to Live a Green Life
Today，faced with serious environmental problems，we must pay attention to them and find solutions.As students，there are plenty of things we can do to live a green life.
Above all，it’s important to quit our bad living habits.For example，don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth or leave the house with the lights still on.What’s more，we’d better cycle or use public transport to school instead of taking a car，thus reducing air pollution and relieving traffic jams.Finally，get rid of plastic bags.Instead，bring your own bags or baskets.It’s also a good idea to avoid the use of disposable chopsticks or cups when eating out.
All in all，it’s high time that we took immediate action/should take immediate action.Only when we live a green life can we make a difference to saving our planet.If everyone did his part for the planet，it would be a greener place.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Every year millions of electronics and electrical appliances(电器) are thrown away.This e-waste includes cell phones，computers，household appliances and medical equipment.If not properly dealt with，e-waste can release(释放) up to 100 different chemicals into the environment.However，less than one quarter of the waste is reused.Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order.
About 80 percent of broken electronics are repairable.If anything isn’t done to encourage repairs，e-waste will grow to about 74 million tons by 2030.Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”．Two of the factories opened in Camden and Brent in the spring of 2023.The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project，which began holding repair parties about ten years ago.People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer.
“Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago，and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs，community centers，festivals，universities and other places，” said Fiona Dear，the charity’s co-director.“We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of-order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.”
But the factories may not be enough，according to Dermot，project manager for the Camden branch，who has been repairing things in his whole life.“There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made，” he said.Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary.This change will make the world a greener and safer place.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾日益增多，回收率低的情况，如果不采取一些措施鼓励维修，到2030年，电子垃圾将增长到约7 400万吨。为了避免这种情况，两家工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，邀请人们边喝啤酒边等待电子设备被修理，以减少电子垃圾，使世界变得更加绿色和安全。
1．What does the author say about e-waste
A．It is very easy to reuse.
B．It is kept under control.
C．It grows faster than expected.
D．It does not get much attention.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。由第一段中“However，less than one quarter of the waste is reused.Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order.”可知，如果旧的电子产品和电器坏了，多数人会考虑买新的，只有不到四分之一的电子垃圾被再利用，故可得出作者认为电子垃圾没有得到太多的关注。故选D项。
2．What might be the goal of the fixing factories
A．To hold repair parties for people to have a good time.
B．To make people take their broken electronics for repairs.
C．To encourage people to reduce the use of electronics.
D．To produce electronics that can be used for much longer.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project，which began holding repair parties about ten years ago.People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer.”和第三段中“We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of-order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.”可知，修理厂的目标是让人们把破损的电子产品拿去修理。故选B项。
3．How does Restart Project work according to the text
A．It offers help and support to factories.
B．It holds fixing parties in various places.
C．It cooperates with different organizations.
D．It instructs people to use electronics wisely.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project，which began holding repair parties about ten years ago.People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer.” 和第三段中“and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs，community centers，festivals，universities and other places”可知，重启项目在不同的地方举行维修聚会，邀请人们边喝啤酒边等待电子设备被修理。故选B项。
4．What is a good way to reduce e-waste according to Dermot
A．Producing enough high-quality electronics.
B．Improving people’s ability to repair electronics.
C．Designing electronics better to make them repairable.
D．Building more factories to produce better electronics.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。由第四段中“ ‘There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made，’ he said.Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary.”可知，根据Dermot的说法，减少电子垃圾的好方法是更好地设计电子设备，使其易于维修。故选C项。
B
On 22 April，people across the planet celebrate Earth Day.This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations.There are lots of different events taking place all across the world.
Earth Day began in 1970 and since then it has grown strikingly.Although it lasts only one day，many events or activities happen over a week or even a month.The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet.
The theme of Earth Day in 2024 is Planet vs.Plastics，and the aim is to focus on the harm that plastics cause to the environment，because it takes hundreds of years for plastics to break down.The Earth Day movement is demanding a 60% reduction in the amount of plastics that humans use by 2040.This includes ending the production of single-use plastics completely by 2030.The movement also wants governments to help end fast fashion，which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies.Many of these items，which often end up in rubbish sites，contain plastics.
Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events.Students from primary schools，for example，will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods.Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment.
The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world，and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events.If you want to be part of it，search for “Earth Day Creative Events”．
5．Why do people celebrate Earth Day each year
A．To promote cultural events.
B．To recognize the Earth’s beauty.
C．To make it known by more people.
D．To raise people’s environmental awareness.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。由第一段中“...people...celebrate Earth Day.This is a yearly event that...lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations”可知，人们每年庆祝地球日以提高人们的环保意识。故选D。
6．What do we know about Earth Day
A．It lasts about a week.
B．It calls for continuous efforts.
C．It becomes an official holiday.
D．It encourages personal growth.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第二段中“The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet.”可知，地球日呼吁我们要持续努力保卫地球。故选B。
7．What does the underlined phrase “fast fashion” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Items that are of high quality.
B．Items that are made of plastics.
C．Pretty clothes that are fashionable.
D．Low-cost clothing produced rapidly.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。由该短语后的非限制性定语从句“which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies”可知，fast fashion作为先行词，指的是“被快速生产出来的低成本服装”。故选D。
8．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A．Libraries are offering creative lectures.
B．Schools are praising students’ performances.
C．People around the world are protecting Earth.
D．People are raising funds for various activities.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。由倒数第二段“Schools and some...opinions on the environment.”和最后一段中“The Earth Day website...Earth Day events.”可知，最后两段主要讲述了世界各地的人们都在积极地保护地球。故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
While traveling，it’s important to do it in a way that preserves these natural attractions for the next generation to enjoy as well.It’s always a good idea to travel in an environmentally friendly way. 1 The following are some tips for eco-friendly travel.
Look for a green label(标签)
The demand for eco-friendly travel has resulted in a sharp increase of environmentally friendly labels used by businesses，hotels，and products in the travel industry. 2 There are a few ways to do the research and find out which labels are really environmentally friendly.One choice is to look at the online guides that go through the details of several common labels.
Ask questions
3 Wise travelers can research，ask，or talk to travel companies.This will discover the problems behind the label.Research is absolutely important because there’s a lot of smoke and mirrors in this business.You wouldn’t just buy a car from an ad without understanding what it was or comparing it to others.
Fly less and fly direct
When you fly，make it count.Use long-distance flights when necessary.But change to more eco-friendly choices for more local destinations. 4 By traveling over land，one can cut carbon emissions(碳排放) by as much as 50 percent or 80 percent.
Stay local and buy local
Another way to cut down on flights is to get in touch with the local community. 5 And it can help travelers really understand how life works in that community.Staying local can cut down on travel emissions，and joining in the local community can also reduce a tourist’s cultural and environmental impact.
A．Some destinations have overnight trains.
B．However，not all these labels are really honest.
C．That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.
D．It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.
E．Promoting the local economy can actually have green benefits.
F．Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.
G．Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for sure.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章作者围绕“环保旅游”这一主题，给出了几个建议或方法，旨在帮助读者以更环保的方式旅行，以保护自然环境供后代人继续欣赏。
1．答案　C
解析　根据上文“While traveling，it’s important to do it in a way that preserves these natural attractions for the next generation to enjoy as well.It’s always a good idea to travel in an environmentally friendly way.”可知，上文提出环保的旅行方式，下文给出了关于“环保旅游”的建议。选项C “That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.”指出，环保的旅行方式使人既可以游览自然又可以保护自然，承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
2．答案　B
解析　根据下文“There are a few ways to do the research and find out which labels are really environmentally friendly.”可推知，并不是所有的标签都是真正环保的。选项B“However，not all these labels are really honest.”指出并不是所有的标签都是诚实的，所以我们需要做研究，从而找出真正环保的标签，此选项与下文内容相符，故选B。
3．答案　G
解析　根据下文“Wise travelers can research，ask，or talk to travel companies.This will discover the problems behind the label.Research is absolutely important because there’s a lot of smoke and mirrors in this business.”可知，标签也未必可信。选项G“Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for sure.”与下文相符，指出标签未必可信，所以我们需要调查、询问或与旅游公司交谈。故选G。
4．答案　F
解析　根据下文“By traveling over land，one can cut carbon emissions(碳排放) by as much as 50 percent or 80 percent.”可知，下文提到陆地旅行的碳排放和飞机旅行相比要少得多。选项F“Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.”与下文相符，指出火车和公共汽车产生的碳排放量比飞机少得多。故选F。
5．答案　D
解析　下文“And it can help travelers really understand how life works in that community.”提到“这可以帮助旅行者真正了解那个社区的生活方式”，与选项D“It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.”内容一致，指出当旅行者在一个地方停留更久后，就可以更了解这个地方。故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
If the world wants to control global warming，water shortage and pollution，we all need to welcome “flexitarian” diets.This means 1. (eat) mainly plant-based foods，and is a key step toward 2. environment-friendly future for all in 2050，they say.
The authors say that present food industry has a number of 3. (environment) effects including being a great driver of climate change，using up freshwater and 4.______________(cause) pollution through heavy use of chemical fertilizer.The study finds that no single solution will avoid the dangers，so a combined approach 5. (need)．So when it comes to climate change，the authors looked at 6. they called a “flexitarian” diet.
“We can eat a range of healthy diets but what they all have in common，according to the 7._______________(late) scientific evidence，is that they are all 8. (relative) plant-based，” said Dr Marco from the University of Oxford.We call it a flexitarian diet over to a vegetarian diet.
If the world moved 9. this type of diet，the study finds that greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) from farming would be reduced by more than half.10. (accept) by the experts，this type of diet is bound to be adopted by more and more people.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种有利于解决全球变暖、水资源短缺和污染问题的饮食——“弹性素食”。
1．答案　eating
解析　考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth“意味着做某事”，动词-ing形式作宾语，故填eating。
2．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词限定，因environment-friendly以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．答案　environmental
解析　考查词性转换。此处修饰名词effects，需要用形容词作定语。故填environmental。
4．答案　causing
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处和上文being a great driver of climate change以及using up freshwater是并列关系，都是动词-ing短语作including的宾语。故填causing。
5．答案　is needed
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语，动词need和主语a combined approach之间是动宾关系， 应用被动语态， 根据句意以及上文的finds可知， 此处为一般现在时，故填is needed。
6．答案　what
解析　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，动词call接复合宾语，连接代词what在从句中作宾语，意为“……的东西”。故填what。
7．答案　latest
解析　考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词late的最高级latest修饰后面的名词短语scientific evidence。故填latest。
8．答案　relatively
解析　考查词性转换。空处修饰合成形容词plant-based应用副词形式。故填relatively。
9．答案　to
解析　考查介词。move to “倾向于”是固定搭配。故填to。
10．答案　Accepted
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语，动词accept和主语this type of diet之间是动宾关系， 故用其动词-ed形式作状语，表示原因，且首字母要大写。故填Accepted。(共115张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Lesson 1
GREEN LIVING
UNIT 8
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　长句难句分析
Part 3　语言知识梳理
Part 4　语法项目精讲
训练2
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.The role of Roots & Shoots.
B.The future of Roots & Shoots.
C.The features of Roots & Shoots.
D.The history of Roots & Shoots.
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
examples
harm
in the early 1990s
Dr.Jane Goodall
to educate young people
firm foundation
the light
matters
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1.Which is NOT “Just-me-ism”？
A.Leaving a light on when you go out.
B.Turning off the light when you go out.
C.Leaving the tap running while you brush your teeth.
D.Dropping a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.
√
2.Who is Jane Goodall
A.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.
B.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild monkeys.
C.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild tigers.
D.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild wolves.
√
3.What does the phrase “roots and shoots” mean in fact
A.The green young plants.
B.The beautiful flowers.
C.The young animals.
D.The young people.
√
4.What’s the purpose of the passage
A.To tell readers what “Just-me-ism” is.
B.To persuade everyone to adopt “Just-me-ism”.
C.To introduce the establishment of Roots & Shoots.
D.To call on everyone to take action to protect our environment.
√
Most people suffer from what is known as“Just-me-ism”.It is a bad behaviour which does damage to the environment.Therefore,1._________
(inspire) young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots 2. (set) up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to 3. (she) research，she has been whole-heartedly committed to 4. (environment)protection.
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
to inspire
was set
her
environmental
The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots 5. (be) to educate young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future 6. is secure and live together in peace with nature.The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 7. (slow) under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，8. they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your 9. (friend) and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it 10. better place to live in.That’s what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual.
is
that/which
slowly
but
friends
返 回
a
长句难句分析
1.Most people suffer from what is known “Just-me-ism”.(P31，Para.1)
结构分析：本句是 句。what引导 从句，在从句中作 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
主从复合
宾语
大多数人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。
宾语
as
2.This institute was set up in early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.(P31，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是 句。a scientist是Dr.Jane Goodall的 ；who引导 从句，修饰 ，在从句中作 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
the
the
主从复合
同位语
定语
a scientist
主语
这个组织于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。
3.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is (educate) young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together peace with nature.(P31，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是由so连接的 句。第一个分句是 结构；第二个分句中that引导 从句，修饰a future，在从句中作 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
in
to educate
定语
主语
并列复合
主系表
“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
4.Hundreds and thousands roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.(P31，Para.3)
结构分析：本句是 句。句中solve，change和make是 ；make it a better place to live in是make的复合结构，其中it是 ，a better place是 ，to live in是不定式短语作 ，修饰place。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
简单
of
宾语补足语
后置定语
并列谓语
宾语
成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使之成为更好的居住地。
5.Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wag (it) tail，and when you water a thirsty plant？(P31，Para.4)
结构分析：本句是 句。you help to make the world a better place是省略了that的 从句；when you make...smile，when you make...tail和when you water...plant是三个并列的 从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
its
宾语
主从复合
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？
时间状语
6.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters.Every individual has a role (play).Every individual makes difference.”(P31，Para.4)
结构分析：本句是 句。第一个that引导的是 从句；第二个that引导的是 从句，该从句中3个以“Every individual”开头的句子构成 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to play
主从复合
a
珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”
表语
宾语
排比
返 回
语言知识梳理
n.芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射击；射中；拍摄[shooting n.射击；枪杀；(电影)拍摄]
1
shoot
·take a shoot at朝……射击
·shoot at朝……射击；向……开枪
(1)这名士兵毫不犹豫地向靶子射击，但又没有射中。
The soldier didn’t hesitate to the target，but missed it again.
(2)The short movie which was shot in that area was very popular with the old people.
→The short movie was very popular with the old people.(用非谓语动词改写)
写作佳句
shoot at/take a shoot at
shot in that area
vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n.麻烦(bothered adj.烦恼的)
2
bother
·bother to do/doing sth费心做某事
·bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人
it bothers sb that.../to do sth使某人苦恼的是……
can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事
·have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费力
(1)Don’t bother (look) for my umbrella，and it will turn up some day.
(2)The fact is that they can’t be bothered (do) minor things that won’t give them results.
(3)Currently，he’s busy with the contest，so you’d better not bother him
so many questions.
to look/looking
to do
with/about
(4)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)他整天心烦意乱，无法专心上课。
He ，unable to put his mind into his lessons.
(5)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)让凯莉(Kelly)烦恼的是，她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一个派对。
she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew.
felt bothered all day
写作佳句
It bothered Kelly that
采取行动
3
take action
take steps/measures采取措施
take notice of注意；理会
take a chance冒险；碰运气
take effect生效；起作用
take advantage of利用
用take短语的正确形式完成语段
As a responsible citizen，he has (1) the fact that most people have begun a green life.So he decides to (2)____________________
.For example，he will (3) the Internet to
call on more people to protect the environment.When the new rules
(4) ，he will inform the fans as soon as possible.
taken notice of
take action/steps/
measures
take advantage of
take effect
4
foundation
n.基础；地基；创建，创办(found vt.创立；建立founder n.创办人，创始者)
·lay the foundation for...为……打下基础
without foundation无事实根据
·found...on/upon...把……建立在……上
(1)He was one of the (found) of the university’s medical faculty.
(2)The school has served the community since its (found) in 2022.
founders
foundation
(3)四年的大学学习和生活为未来的事业奠定了基础，抓住这四年就是把握住了未来。
Four years of university study and life ______________________
and seizing the years is to grasp future.
写作佳句
lay the foundation for
future career
5
involve
(1)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved ________
(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
(2)To protect our environment，we should get (involve) in recycling the used materials.
·involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中
involve oneself in 参与
involve doing sth包含做某事；需要做某事
·get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；参与；热衷于；专心于
spending
involved
vt.参与；包含(involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的)
(3)(应用文写作之活动报道)来自不同县区的大约100家公司参与了这次展览。
About 100 companies from different counties ________________
.
写作佳句
got involved in/
involved themselves in the exhibition
Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.(P31，Para.1)
比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
结构分析：本句是复合句。say之后为or 连接的两个宾语从句；while和when均引导时间状语从句；“leave the tap running”和“leave a light on”都属于“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，表示“使……处于某种状态”。
“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构
6
“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构中宾补可以是形容词、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
(1)The young mother was busy doing housework，leaving her little son
(cry) there.
(2)He was so tense that he left his house hurriedly，leaving his breakfast
(touch).
crying
untouched
(3)听到这个消息，他冲出了公寓，门还开着。
Hearing the news，he rushed out of the flat，_______________
.
写作佳句
leaving the door
open
Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world.(P31，Para.1)
当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
结构分析：本句含有if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。
if 引导的虚拟条件句
7
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：
从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 (1)过去式 (2)were to＋动词原形 (3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
写作佳句
(1)(应用文写作之感谢信)如果你没有及时帮我，我可能已经陷入了巨大的麻烦。
If you in time，I great trouble.
hadn’t helped me
could have got into
(2)(2024·北京，写作)如果我是你，我会谈谈中国减少贫困的努力，这些努力使数百万人摆脱了贫困，改善了许多人的生活。
If ，I to reduce poverty，which have lifted millions of people out of poverty and improved the lives of many people.
(3)(应用文写作之告知信)如果明天下雨的话，我们将把这次运动会推迟到下周末。
If it tomorrow，we __________
the sport meet until next weekend.
I were you
would discuss China’s efforts
rained/should rain/were to rain
would put
off
返 回
语法项目精讲
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色词汇在句中所作成分
Last Tuesday，a Roots & Shoots project was set up in my community.
As I walked down No.1 Street，I saw volunteers ①encouraging people to join in.②Inspired by the message of the project，many people felt that they should act now，as they have seen an ③increasing number of highly ④polluted days this year.
情境导读
While recently，many have become more concerned about environmental protection.There are still some who haven’t，⑤thinking that someone else will deal with the problem.However，if everybody had that attitude，we would never see any environmental problems ⑥solved in our society.We should remember—it’s not just “me”！
① ；② ；③ ；④ ；⑤ ；⑥ 。
宾补
状语
定语
定语
状语
宾补
动词-ing和-ed形式
动词-ing形式和-ed形式是非谓语动词的两种非常重要的形式，在句子中可以作状语、定语、宾语补足语、表语等。
一、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作状语
1.与句子主语的关系
动词-ing形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。
动词-ed形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
语法精讲
Not knowing what to do，he went to the organiser for help.(he和know之间是主动关系)
由于不知道做什么，他去找组织者求助。
Given more attention，the founders could have done better.(the founders和give之间是被动关系)
如果这些创始人受到更多关注，他们本可以做得更好。
2.动词-ing形式和-ed形式在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步等。
(1)作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在前面加一个表时间的连词，如when，while等。
Hearing the news，they immediately took action to stop the study.
＝When they heard the news，they immediately took action to stop the study.
听到这个消息后，他们立即采取行动阻止了这项研究。
Asked (＝When he was asked) why he looked so bothered，he lowered his head.当他被问到为什么他看上去如此担心时，他低下了头。
(2)作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
Being poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region.
＝As he was poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region.
因为穷，他在那个地区买不起一所大房子。
Blamed (＝Because he was blamed) by his boss，he decided to change his job.
因为被老板责备了，他决定换工作。
(3)作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。
Using your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty.
＝If you use your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty.
动动脑筋，你很可能找到一个好的方法来克服困难。
Grown (＝If these seeds are grown) in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.
如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
(4)作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列句。
He walked down the river，thinking about the current problems.
＝He walked down the river and thought about the current problems.
他沿着河流一边走，一边考虑着当前的问题。
The organiser entered the hall，(and he was) followed by a group of volunteers.
组织者进入了大厅，后面跟着一群志愿者。
(5)作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。
Liking the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it.
＝Although/Though/While I like the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢这辆车，但是我没有足够的钱买它。
Offered (＝Although/Though/While he was offered) such a nice job，Tom didn’t feel contented at all.
虽然被提供了那么好的工作，但汤姆一点儿也不感到满足。
语法拓展：
1.动词-ing形式作结果状语，是表示随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果，前面有时候可以加thus。不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，前面常加only。试比较：
The glass fell off the table，breaking into pieces.
杯子从桌子上掉下来，摔成了碎片。
I hurried to the playground，only to find that the bricks had been removed.
我匆忙赶到操场，却发现那些砖已经被搬走了。
2.having done作状语，强调动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
Having lived in Beijing for many years，he knows the city well.
因为在北京住了很多年，他对这座城市很熟悉。
注意：动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果它们有自己的独立主语，则要用独立主格结构：当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主谓关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是动宾关系时，用动词-ed 形式。
Carrying a large and heavy box，she tripped on a step and fell.(√)
Carrying a large and heavy box，her foot tripped on a step and fell.(×)
Time permitting，we can complete the project.
如果时间允许，我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语Time与 permit之间存在主谓关系，独立主格结构作条件状语)
All the work done，they decided to treat themselves to a movie.
所有的工作都做完了，他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语All the work与do之间存在动宾关系，独立主格结构作原因或时间状语)
二、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作定语
动词-ing形式作定语多表示主动或正在进行，也可指事物的用途，与它所修饰的词往往构成逻辑上的主动关系；动词-ed形式作定语多表示被动或完成，与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系。单个的动词-ing形式或-ed形式作定语往往前置，动词-ing或-ed短语往往后置。
The young man working in that institute is my brother.(主动)
那个在研究院工作的年轻人是我的哥哥。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.(用途)
阅览室里不准大声说话。
China is a developing country，where most people are leading a contented life.(进行)
中国是一个发展中国家，这里的大部分人都过着满意的生活。
The retired man is very interested in recycling these materials.(完成)
那个退休的人对回收利用这些材料非常感兴趣。
Who were the so-called guests invited to your flat last night？(被动)
昨晚被邀请到你公寓的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
The injured were not bothered to walk in the yard；they preferred to lie in bed.(被动)
这些伤者懒得在院子里散步，他们更愿意躺在床上。
语法拓展：
1.不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如：
a retired worker＝a worker that has retired一名退休工人
the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶
a developed country＝a country which has developed一个发达国家
2.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is a new institute for that university.
去年建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。
The building being built now is a new institute for that university.
现在正在建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。
The building to be built next month is a new institute for that university.
下个月将要建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。
三、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语时，动词-ing形式表示正在进行的主动意义，动词-ed形式则表示已经完成的被动意义。
-ing形式 表示主动，动作正在进行，宾语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的执行者。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。
-ed 形式 表示被动，动作已完成，宾语是动词-ed形式所表示动作的承受者。
I heard the English song sung many times.
我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
具体用法如下：
1.位于感官动词，如see，hear，feel，watch，find，notice等后。
We saw the smog filling the whole city in that winter.
那个冬天，我们看到雾霾笼罩了整座城市。
When I found him struggling for a chance to go abroad，I felt a little surprised.
当我发现他为了一个出国机会在奋斗时，我有点惊讶。
I opened the magazine，only to find the advertisement cut out.
我打开杂志，却发现那则广告被剪掉了。
When she heard her husband affected by a deadly disease，she was worried about him.
当她听说丈夫感染了致命疾病时，她非常担心他。
2.位于使役动词，如make，have，get，keep，leave等后。
The young conductor was a little shy，so it was hard to get him talking.
这位年轻的指挥有些害羞，让他开口讲话是很难的。
He rushed out of the house，leaving his little son crying.
他冲出了房子，留下他的小儿子在那里哭泣。
The clock doesn’t work，so you’d better have its battery changed.
那个钟停摆了，你最好把电池换掉。
She still couldn’t make herself understood in English.
她仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思。
3.用于with复合结构中。
With so many people looking at her，the young performer felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，这位年轻的表演者感到很紧张。
With all the problems settled，he felt relieved.
所有问题都解决了，他感到如释重负。
注意：make后的宾语补足语一般不用现在分词表主动，而只用过去分词表被动。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。
四、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作表语
1.作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
The news that so many accidents occurred last week was worrying.
上周发生了那么多事故，这消息令人担忧。
My hobby is collecting all kinds of posters on the wall.
我的爱好是收集墙上的各种海报。
2.动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意义。
(1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等。
When the organiser left the meeting room，some members remained seated there.
当组织者离开会议室时，一些成员还坐在那里。
When they arrived in that region，they found that they were lost.
他们到达那个地区时发现自己迷路了。
(2)有些过去分词作表语时，往往具备形容词的性质。
We were amazed at the story of that man with strong determination.
我们对那位具有坚定决心的人的故事感到大为惊奇。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (frighten) by the fierce dog，the little girl began to cry.
2.It was so cold that he found it hard to get the old car (run).
3.The boy felt more uneasy with the whole class (stare) at him.
4.The organiser stood there， (surround) by a group of students.
5.The (retire) teacher makes a proposal to protect the environment.
达标检测
Frightened
running
staring
surrounded
retired
6.What made the composer sad was that he had his bike (steal) last night.
7.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.
8.As we all know，China is a developing country (belong) to the third world.
9.The old man， (work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland.
10.Clearly and thoughtfully (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
stolen
using
belonging
having worked
written
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着，发出光和热。
The sun shines brightly in the sky， .
2.因为专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜晚临近了。
，John didn’t notice evening drawing near.
3.刚才被警察问询的那个人对这场打斗进行了不同的描述。
The man gave very different descriptions of the fight.
4. 汤姆对学习失去了信心；我发现他总是上网。
Tom loses confidence in study；I .
giving off light and heat
Absorbed/Involved in painting
questioned by the police just now
find him always surfing the Internet
Ⅲ.完成下面语段，尽可能多地使用现在分词和过去分词
一场基于中国传统文化的英语演讲比赛定于下周在我校举行。比赛如此令人兴奋以至于我已经报名并且完成了以中国茶为中心的演讲草稿。
An English speech contest 1. is scheduled to be held in our school next week.It is 2. I have signed up and finished a speech draft 3. .
based on traditional Chinese culture
so exciting that
centered/centering on Chinese tea
然而，我有点担心，因为我不是很确定我是否已经让别人理解我的意思。您能抽些时间把我的草稿看一看并将它修改、润色一下吗？细节在附件中。
However，I am 4. ，for I am not quite sure whether I have 5. .Would you be kind enough to spare some time to go through my draft and 6. The details are in the attachment.
a little worried
made myself understood
have it corrected and polished
返 回
训练2
1.Don’t keep the tap (run) when you wash your face.
2.He soon found a huge bear in the desert，shot it but only wounded it.
3.The test will involve (answer) questions about a photograph showing smog over a city.
4.If I had seen the traffic signals，I (not，run) the red lights.
5.Drivers using mobile phones are four times more likely to be involved __
a crash.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
running
at
answering
wouldn’t have run
in
6.They couldn’t be bothered (play) with such a little child like me at the time.
7.We (firm) support the global plan to protect the environment，for the earth is our home.
8.The fact that we like and respect each other is a good (found) for cooperation.
9.Every June，bands from all around world come to the small town to celebrate the festival
10. institute is an organization set up to do a particular type of work，especially research or teaching.
to play
firmly
foundation
the
An
1.面对严重的环境问题，我们必须关注它们并找到解决办法。(-ed作状语)
，we must pay attention to them and find solutions.
2.不要在刷牙时让水龙头开着，或者让灯亮着就离开家。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
Don’t while brushing your teeth or leave the house with the lights still on.
Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——如何过绿色生活)
Faced with serious environmental problems
leave the tap running
3.我们最好骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具去上学，而不是开车，这样将减少空气污染，缓解交通堵塞。(-ing作状语)
We’d better cycle or use public transport to school instead of taking a car，
.
4.是我们立即采取行动的时候了。(take action)
It’s high time that _______________________________________________
.
thus reducing air pollution and relieving traffic jams
we took immediate action/should take immediate
action
5.如果每个人都为这个星球尽自己的一份力量，那么它将是一个更加绿色的地方。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
If everyone ，it .
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
did his part for the planet
would be a greener place
参考范文
How to Live a Green Life
Today，faced with serious environmental problems，we must pay attention to them and find solutions.As students，there are plenty of things we can do to live a green life.
Above all，it’s important to quit our bad living habits.For example，don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth or leave the house with the lights still on.What’s more，we’d better cycle or use public transport to school instead of taking a car，thus reducing air pollution and relieving traffic jams.Finally，get rid of plastic bags.Instead，bring your own bags or baskets.It’s also a good idea to avoid the use of disposable chopsticks or cups when eating out.
All in all，it’s high time that we took immediate action/should take immediate action.Only when we live a green life can we make a difference to saving our planet.If everyone did his part for the planet，it would be a greener place.
A
Every year millions of electronics and electrical appliances(电器) are thrown away.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾日益增多，回收率低的情况，如果不采取一些措施鼓励维修，到2030年，电子垃圾将增长到约7 400万吨。为了避免这种情况，两家工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，邀请人们边喝啤酒边等待电子设备被修理，以减少电子垃圾，使世界变得更加绿色和安全。
This e-waste includes cell phones，computers，household appliances and medical equipment.If not properly dealt with，e-waste can release(释放) up to 100 different chemicals into the environment.However，less than one quarter of the waste is reused.Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order.
About 80 percent of broken electronics are repairable.If anything isn’t done to encourage repairs，e-waste will grow to about 74 million tons by 2030.Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”.Two of the factories opened in Camden and Brent in the spring of 2023.The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project，which began holding repair parties about ten years ago.People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer.
“Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago，and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs，community centers，festivals，universities and other places，” said Fiona Dear，the charity’s co-director.“We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of-order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.”
But the factories may not be enough，according to Dermot，project manager for the Camden branch，who has been repairing things in his whole life.“There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made，” he said.Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary.This change will make the world a greener and safer place.
1.What does the author say about e-waste
A.It is very easy to reuse.
B.It is kept under control.
C.It grows faster than expected.
D.It does not get much attention.
√
推理判断题。由第一段中“However，less than one quarter of the waste is reused.Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order.”可知，如果旧的电子产品和电器坏了，多数人会考虑买新的，只有不到四分之一的电子垃圾被再利用，故可得出作者认为电子垃圾没有得到太多的关注。故选D项。
解析
2.What might be the goal of the fixing factories
A.To hold repair parties for people to have a good time.
B.To make people take their broken electronics for repairs.
C.To encourage people to reduce the use of electronics.
D.To produce electronics that can be used for much longer.
√
细节理解题。由第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project，which began holding repair parties about ten years ago.People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer.”和第三段中“We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of-order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.”可知，修理厂的目标是让人们把破损的电子产品拿去修理。故选B项。
解析
3.How does Restart Project work according to the text
A.It offers help and support to factories.
B.It holds fixing parties in various places.
C.It cooperates with different organizations.
D.It instructs people to use electronics wisely.
√
细节理解题。由第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project，which began holding repair parties about ten years ago.People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer.” 和第三段中“and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs，community centers，festivals，universities and other places”可知，重启项目在不同的地方举行维修聚会，邀请人们边喝啤酒边等待电子设备被修理。故选B项。
解析
4.What is a good way to reduce e-waste according to Dermot
A.Producing enough high-quality electronics.
B.Improving people’s ability to repair electronics.
C.Designing electronics better to make them repairable.
D.Building more factories to produce better electronics.
√
推理判断题。由第四段中“ ‘There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made，’ he said.Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary.”可知，根据Dermot的说法，减少电子垃圾的好方法是更好地设计电子设备，使其易于维修。故选C项。
解析
B
On 22 April，people across the planet celebrate Earth Day.This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations.There are lots of different events taking place all across the world.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球日并号召大家参与地球日活动。
Earth Day began in 1970 and since then it has grown strikingly.Although it lasts only one day，many events or activities happen over a week or even a month.The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet.
The theme of Earth Day in 2024 is Planet vs.Plastics，and the aim is to focus on the harm that plastics cause to the environment，because it takes hundreds of years for plastics to break down.The Earth Day movement is demanding a 60% reduction in the amount of plastics that humans use by 2040.This includes ending the production of single-use plastics completely by 2030.The movement also wants governments to help end fast fashion，which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies.Many of these items，which often end up in rubbish sites，contain plastics.
Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events.Students from primary schools，for example，will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods.Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment.
The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world，and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events.If you want to be part of it，search for “Earth Day Creative Events”.
5.Why do people celebrate Earth Day each year
A.To promote cultural events.
B.To recognize the Earth’s beauty.
C.To make it known by more people.
D.To raise people’s environmental awareness.
√
推理判断题。由第一段中“...people...celebrate Earth Day.This is a yearly event that...lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations”可知，人们每年庆祝地球日以提高人们的环保意识。故选D。
解析
6.What do we know about Earth Day
A.It lasts about a week.
B.It calls for continuous efforts.
C.It becomes an official holiday.
D.It encourages personal growth.
√
细节理解题。由第二段中“The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet.”可知，地球日呼吁我们要持续努力保卫地球。故选B。
解析
7.What does the underlined phrase “fast fashion” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Items that are of high quality.
B.Items that are made of plastics.
C.Pretty clothes that are fashionable.
D.Low-cost clothing produced rapidly.
√
词义猜测题。由该短语后的非限制性定语从句“which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies”可知，fast fashion作为先行词，指的是“被快速生产出来的低成本服装”。故选D。
解析
8.What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A.Libraries are offering creative lectures.
B.Schools are praising students’ performances.
C.People around the world are protecting Earth.
D.People are raising funds for various activities.
√
段落大意题。由倒数第二段“Schools and some...opinions on the environment.”和最后一段中“The Earth Day website...Earth Day events.”可知，最后两段主要讲述了世界各地的人们都在积极地保护地球。故选C。
解析
While traveling，it’s important to do it in a way that preserves these natural attractions for the next generation to enjoy as well.
Ⅳ.七选五
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章作者围绕“环保旅游”这一主题，给出了几个建议或方法，旨在帮助读者以更环保的方式旅行，以保护自然环境供后代人继续欣赏。
It’s always a good idea to travel in an environmentally friendly way. 1 The following are some tips for eco-friendly travel.
A.Some destinations have overnight trains.
B.However，not all these labels are really honest.
C.That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.
D.It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.
E.Promoting the local economy can actually have green benefits.
F.Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.
G.Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for
sure.
√
根据上文“While traveling，it’s important to do it in a way that preserves these natural attractions for the next generation to enjoy as well.It’s always a good idea to travel in an environmentally friendly way.”可知，上文提出环保的旅行方式，下文给出了关于“环保旅游”的建议。选项C “That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.”指出，环保的旅行方式使人既可以游览自然又可以保护自然，承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
解析
Look for a green label(标签)
The demand for eco-friendly travel has resulted in a sharp increase of environmentally friendly labels used by businesses，hotels，and products in the travel industry.
2 There are a few ways to do the research and find out which labels are really environmentally friendly.One choice is to look at the online guides that go through the details of several common labels.
A.Some destinations have overnight trains.
B.However，not all these labels are really honest.
C.That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.
D.It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.
E.Promoting the local economy can actually have green benefits.
F.Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.
G.Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for sure.
√
根据下文“There are a few ways to do the research and find out which labels are really environmentally friendly.”可推知，并不是所有的标签都是真正环保的。选项B“However，not all these labels are really honest.”指出并不是所有的标签都是诚实的，所以我们需要做研究，从而找出真正环保的标签，此选项与下文内容相符，故选B。
解析
Ask questions
3 Wise travelers can research，ask，or talk to travel companies.This will discover the problems behind the label.Research is absolutely important because there’s a lot of smoke and mirrors in this business.You wouldn’t just buy a car from an ad without understanding what it was or comparing it to others.
A.Some destinations have overnight trains.
B.However，not all these labels are really honest.
C.That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.
D.It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.
E.Promoting the local economy can actually have green benefits.
F.Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.
G.Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for sure.
√
根据下文“Wise travelers can research，ask，or talk to travel companies.This will discover the problems behind the label.Research is absolutely important because there’s a lot of smoke and mirrors in this business.”可知，标签也未必可信。选项G“Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for sure.”与下文相符，指出标签未必可信，所以我们需要调查、询问或与旅游公司交谈。故选G。
解析
Fly less and fly direct
When you fly，make it count.Use long-distance flights when necessary.But change to more eco-friendly choices for more local destinations. 4 By traveling over land，one can cut carbon emissions(碳排放) by as much as 50 percent or 80 percent.
A.Some destinations have overnight trains.
B.However，not all these labels are really honest.
C.That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.
D.It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.
E.Promoting the local economy can actually have green benefits.
F.Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.
G.Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for sure.
√
根据下文“By traveling over land，one can cut carbon emissions(碳排放) by as much as 50 percent or 80 percent.”可知，下文提到陆地旅行的碳排放和飞机旅行相比要少得多。选项F“Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.”与下文相符，指出火车和公共汽车产生的碳排放量比飞机少得多。故选F。
解析
Stay local and buy local
Another way to cut down on flights is to get in touch with the local community. 5 And it can help travelers really understand how life works in that community.Staying local can cut down on travel emissions，and joining in the local community can also reduce a tourist’s cultural and environmental impact.
A.Some destinations have overnight trains.
B.However，not all these labels are really honest.
C.That lets one both tour nature and protect nature.
D.It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.
E.Promoting the local economy can actually have green benefits.
F.Trains and buses produce much less carbon emissions than airplanes do.
G.Although some companies have green labels，we don’t quite know for sure.
√
下文“And it can help travelers really understand how life works in that community.”提到“这可以帮助旅行者真正了解那个社区的生活方式”，与选项D“It is recommended that travelers stay in one location longer.”内容一致，指出当旅行者在一个地方停留更久后，就可以更了解这个地方。故选D。
解析
If the world wants to control global warming，water shortage and pollution，we all need to welcome “flexitarian” diets.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种有利于解决全球变暖、水资源短缺和污染问题的饮食——“弹性素食”。
Ⅴ.语法填空
This means 1. (eat) mainly plant-based foods，and is a key step toward 2. environment-friendly future for all in 2050，they say.
eating
1.考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth“意味着做某事”，动词-ing形式作宾语，故填eating。
2.考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词限定，因environment-friendly以元音音素开头，故填an。
解析
an
The authors say that present food industry has a number of
3. (environment) effects including being a great driver of climate change，using up freshwater and 4.___________(cause) pollution through heavy use of chemical fertilizer.
environmental
3.考查词性转换。此处修饰名词effects，需要用形容词作定语。故填environmental。
4.考查非谓语动词。此处和上文being a great driver of climate change以及using up freshwater是并列关系，都是动词-ing短语作including的宾语。故填causing。
解析
causing
The study finds that no single solution will avoid the dangers，so a combined approach 5. (need).So when it comes to climate change，the authors looked at 6. they called a “flexitarian” diet.
is needed
5.考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语，动词need和主语a combined approach之间是动宾关系， 应用被动语态， 根据句意以及上文的finds可知， 此处为一般现在时，故填is needed。
6.考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，动词call接复合宾语，连接代词what在从句中作宾语，意为“……的东西”。故填what。
解析
what
“We can eat a range of healthy diets but what they all have in common，according to the 7.________(late) scientific evidence，is that they are all 8. (relative) plant-based，” said Dr Marco from the University of Oxford.We call it a flexitarian diet over to a vegetarian diet.
latest
7.考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词late的最高级latest修饰后面的名词短语scientific evidence。故填latest。
8.考查词性转换。空处修饰合成形容词plant-based应用副词形式。故填relatively。
解析
relatively
If the world moved 9. this type of diet，the study finds that greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) from farming would be reduced by more than half.10. (accept) by the experts，this type of diet is bound to be adopted by more and more people.
to
9.考查介词。move to “倾向于”是固定搭配。故填to。
10.考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语，动词accept和主语this type of diet之间是动宾关系， 故用其动词-ed形式作状语，表示原因，且首字母要大写。故填Accepted。
解析
Accepted
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