资源简介

Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A．The future of “white bikes”．
B．The feature of “white bikes”．
C．The situation of “white bikes” in China.
D．The development process and influence of“white bikes”．
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Part 1(Para.1)：The 1.popularity of cycling in Amsterdam.
Part 2(Paras.2－5)：The 2.development of “white bikes”．
Part 3(Para.6)：The 3.convenience and 4.problems of shared bikes in China.
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What makes Amsterdam known as the city of bicycles
A．The cycling fans there.
B．The appearance of bicycles.
C．The quality of bicycles.
D．The convenience for bicycles.
答案　D
2．Why did the first “white bikes” plan fail
A．People were tired of riding bikes.
B．There were not enough parking places.
C．Thieves took all the bikes within weeks.
D．The government allowed people to drive cars freely.
答案　C
3．What should you do in order to take a “white bike” in 1999
A．You should take a bicycle in every parking place.
B．You should record every move of the bicycle.
C．You should buy a computer tracking system.
D．You should put in a special card.
答案　D
4．What is the writer’s attitude towards the “white bikes”？
A．Supportive. B．Opposed.
C．Indifferent. D．Pessimistic.
答案　A
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
People 1.have been enjoying(enjoy) the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and 2.therefore/thus convenient for bikes.
In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans came up 3.with an idea.They believed that 4.it would be better if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.They 5.painted(paint) hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people 6.to use(use)．Wherever someone finished a journey，they would leave the bike there so that someone else could use it.But the problem was that 7.thieves(thief) stole all the bicycles within weeks！In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam.The new “white bikes” were not 8.actually(actual) white but painted in bright colours.Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people，like the cycling fans of the 1960s，people can now enjoy easy transport in 9.central(centre) Amsterdam.
Nowadays，the idea has spread around the world.In China，more and more cities have their own programmes.However，problems can also develop.People are trying different ways of 10.solving(solve) those problems.
1．People in Amsterdam have been enjoying the benefits(benefit) of cycling for years.(P36，Para.1)
结构分析：本句是简单句。句中have been enjoying是现在完成进行时，表示动作始于过去，持续到现在或将继续进行下去。
汉语翻译：多年来阿姆斯特丹的居民一直享受着骑自行车的益处。
2.They believed that it would be better(good) for everybody if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.(P36，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句。
汉语翻译：他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。
3．Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people，like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”，you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.(P37，Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰those。
汉语翻译：由于这个提议以及众多人的努力，如 20 世纪 60 年代的骑行爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在人们可以在阿姆斯特丹的市中心享受清新的空气和便利的交通。
4.Both the locals and tourists like to use shared(share) bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy，reduce air and noise pollution(pollute)，and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.(P37，Para.6)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。主句是Both the locals...bikes；because引导原因状语从句；to save...in cities是动词不定式短语作way的后置定语。
汉语翻译：本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车方便又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。
come up with 想出，想到
come up走近；上升；被提出
come on快点；加油；来吧
come across偶然遇见
When it comes to...当谈及……；当提到……
用come短语完成下面的语段
(应用文写作之建议信)当谈及英语学习，我有一些实用的建议想要分享。首先，当你遇到不熟悉的单词时，不要总是查词典。另外，当老师在课堂上提出问题时，你应当试着想出答案。最后，如果你失败了，你必须对你自己说“加油！”
When it comes to English learning，I have some practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！”
tracking n．跟踪(n.轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道track v．追踪)
·be on the right track思路正确
keep track of了解……的动态
get off the track偏离正题
·track down追踪到；追查到
用track的相关短语填空
To achieve our academic success，we must be on the right track and keep track of our progress.If we get off the track，we should quickly track down our mistakes and correct them to stay focused on our goals.
so that 引导目的状语从句
People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.(P36－37，Para.2)
人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰the place；so that引导目的状语从句。
————————————————————————————————————————
·so that引导目的状语从句时意为“以便，为了”，可用in order that 替换，从句中常有may，can，could等情态动词。
·so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，通常不与情态动词连用，从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。
注意：so that引导目的状语从句时也可以替换成so as to或in order to，但其后需要接动词原形，而不再是从句结构。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)The team are working hard to analyse the problem so that they can find the best solution.
[写作佳句]
(2)人们应该把健康看得比工作更重要，这样他们才能抽出更多的时间来锻炼身体。
①People should value health more than work so that/in order that they could spare more time for physical training.
②People should value health more than work so as to/in order to spare more time for physical training.
with＋宾语＋宾补
In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！(P37，Para.3)
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次车安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
结构分析：本句含有“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，即with的复合结构，在句中作状语。
————————————————————————————————————————
with的复合结构在句中多作状语，也可以作定语，常见的构成是：with＋宾语＋doing/done/adj./adv./to do/介词短语。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)With electricity cut(cut) off，the residents had to use a candle to light up the house.
(2)With tears welling(well) up in my eyes，I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street.
[写作佳句]
(3)有如此多的学习资源供选择，我们很有可能选到不适合我们的材料。
With so many learning resources to select from，we are likely to choose the material that is not suitable for us.
(4)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)我的心开始狂跳不停，嘴里发干，我站起来，向舞台走去。
With my heart starting to beat wildly and my mouth dry，I rose to my feet and headed for the stage.　　　　
训练4　Lesson 3
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．He came in quietly so that he wouldn’t wake his wife up.
2．I watched the composer and the conductor disappear from my horizon.
3．Thanks to the help of the PLA men，the residents stuck in the flood were saved.
4．I will express my thanks to the boy who has come up with such a wonderful plan.
5．You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her foot injured(injure) so much.
6．In many counties of that country，parking(park) is allowed only on one side of the street.
7．The waiter can’t be bothered to serve the customers and therefore he was fired by the boss.
8．Meeting with difficulties while you’re pursuing your dream means that you’re on the right track.
9．The speech referred to the disappearance(disappear) of many plants and animals from our planet.
10．Their waste tracking(track) technology means that caterers can see how much food is being wasted and why.
Ⅱ.单句写作(满分15分)
1．随着人们生活水平的提高，现在越来越多的人拥有汽车。(with的复合结构)
With people’s living standards improving，more and more people own cars currently.
2．众所周知，虽然汽车已成为一种流行的交通工具，但它们也造成了一些问题，如空气污染、交通堵塞和全球变暖。(result in)
As is known to all，while cars have become a popular means of transport，they have also resulted in some problems such as air pollution，traffic jams and global warming.
3．一些人想出了一个建议：我们骑自行车代替开车。(come up with；proposal)
Some people came up with a proposal that we (should) ride bicycles instead of cars.
4.一些组织者在一些区域张贴海报来建议市民使用自行车，以便他们可以为环保做出贡献。(so that引导目的状语从句)
Some organizers put up some posters in some regions to advise the citizens to use a bike so that they can contribute to environmental protection.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
It is my great honor to make a speech about “Let’s Ride Bicycles” here.With people’s living standards improving，more and more people own cars currently.As is known to all，while cars have become a popular means of transport，they have also resulted in some problems such as air pollution，traffic jams and global warming.How can we solve the problems then
To deal with this problem，some people came up with a proposal that we (should) ride bicycles instead of cars.For one thing，bicycles don’t need petrol and they are energy-saving.For another，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gases.What’s more，some organizers put up some posters in some regions to advise the citizens to use a bike so that they can contribute to environmental protection.Therefore，lets take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.
That is all.Thank you!
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Sam Trull has worked with wildlife for almost 20 years，but she first found her soft spot for sloths(树懒) in 2013 after moving to Costa Rica to work for a small wildlife recovery center called Kids Saving the Rainforest.On arriving there，she took a liking to a two-week-old orphaned(孤儿的) sloth named Kermie.Sloths hug each other for both safety and comfort，so Trull cared for him with tender love，meals，and hugs.Soon other baby sloths were brought in.It was then that she realized that helping the creatures survive was her true calling.
When the sloths were grown and healthy enough to depart，Trull and her team built a 19-foot-cubed cage near the recovery center and left the door open，so the four-legged friends could come and go freely.They spent enough time eating and exploring in the wild so that they could abandon the cage for good.Trull performed it successfully with several sloths who are now living healthily in the jungle.Their movements are tracked thanks to the collars they wear.
Keeping sloths wild and free is a complicated and expensive process.To make it more effective，Trull co-founded the Sloth Institute in 2014.In addition to the education program and the research into sloths，the institute also cooperates with other institutes to better learn how to prepare orphaned sloths brought to the institute for eventual re-entry into the rainforest.The institute is now going smoothly.
Trull published her new book called Slothlove，where she documented the sloths she had saved via photographs.She explained，“A lot of people don’t know getting hit by cars and getting caught in electric wires are particularly dangerous to sloths.People just think they’re adorable and take selfies with them，unaware that the sloth is stressed and upset.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了野生动物保护主义者萨姆·特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加致力于树懒保护工作的感人事迹。
1．What can we learn about Trull shortly after she got to Costa Rica
A．She helped kids to recover.
B．She cared for sloths for comfort.
C．She was at a loss how to cure Kermie.
D．She decided to work with sloths forever.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加不久，就意识到她的使命是帮助树懒存活下去，即决定要永远从事帮助树懒的工作。故选D。
2．Why did Trull and her team build the cage for the sloths
A．To limit their movements.
B．To make them recover quickly.
C．To train them to adapt to the wild.
D．To reunite them with their mothers.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，当树懒长大并健康到可以离开时，他们建造笼子，并且让门开着，这样树懒们就可以来去自由了。它们花了足够的时间在野外进食和探索，这样一来它们就可以永远不再需要笼子。因此，他们打造这个笼子是为了训练树懒适应野外生活。故选C。
3．What can be inferred about the Sloth Institute
A．It is now open to tourists.
B．It will mainly educate the public.
C．It will let go more hand-raised sloths.
D．It is largely sponsored by other institutes.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知，除了教育计划和树懒研究以外，该研究所还与其他研究所合作，以便更好地了解如何为来到研究所的孤儿树懒做好准备，让它们最终能重返雨林。所以树懒研究所会放生更多亲手抚养的树懒。故选C。
4．Why does the author mention Trull’s words in the last paragraph
A．To stress her talent for photography.
B．To describe people’s love for sloths.
C．To introduce the popularity of her book.
D．To tell the reason for publishing her book.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。文章末尾，特鲁尔说：“许多人不知道，对树懒来说，被汽车撞到和被电线困住尤为危险。人们只是觉得它们很可爱，然后和它们自拍，却没有意识到树懒所承受的压力和不安。”这与出版《树懒之爱》构成因果关系，即作者引用特鲁尔的话是为了解释出版这本书的理由。故选D。
B
Anthropologist Daniel Miller has observed that an alien(外星人) visiting Earth might suppose that four-wheeled creatures rule the planet.These rulers，he points out，are “served by a host of slaves who walk on legs and spend their whole lives serving them.” He meant this as a joke，but it mirrors American car culture to some extent.In the US，the costs of car dependency keep growing，far above the $12,000-per-year average expense of owning a new one.
Coast-to-coast，the cars we drive cause about 16% of greenhouse gas emissions.They cause significant air pollution，which worsens heart disease rates.Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44.Since 2010，the number of pedestrians(行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year.
American car culture is a choice that now comes at too high a cost，both for ourselves and for the environment.After a century of its central place in our lives，we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars.
Solutions are obvious and right in front of us.Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority(优先权) as roads in our cities，instead of being afterthoughts.Unreasonable demands by the government that the public get back behind the wheel to offices need to stop.We can even provide discounts to bicyclists who take the train or subway.Another reality is that car parking is too cheap across much of the country，where different parking prices can change our plans from hopping in the car during rush hours to taking the subway instead.
We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide.Otherwise，those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who，the cars or the people.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。作者认为人们应该减少对汽车的依赖，因为汽车有很多负面影响，并提出了可行的解决方案。
5．Why are aliens and slaves mentioned at the beginning
A．To compare aliens to slaves.
B．To amuse readers with a joke.
C．To warn readers of the coming danger.
D．To illustrate humans’ dependence on cars.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“He meant this as a joke，but it mirrors American car culture to some extent.In the US，the costs of car dependency keep growing，far above the $12,000-per-year average expense of owning a new one.”可知，文章开头提到了外星人和奴隶是为了表明人类对汽车的依赖。故选D。
6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The great popularity of cars.
B．The negative impact of cars.
C．The environmental damage by cars.
D．The high cost of owning cars.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，汽车会排放温室气体，造成严重的环境污染，进而加剧心脏病的发病率，另外，机动车事故每年都造成大量的人员伤亡。因此，第二段主要讲了汽车的负面影响。故选B。
7．Which measure might be taken according to the author
A．Promote walking and bicycling.
B．Demand the public drive to work.
C．Offer free train rides to bicyclists.
D．Reduce parking fees in rush hours.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority(优先权) as roads in our cities，instead of being afterthoughts.”可知，作者认为可以采取鼓励步行和骑行的措施。故选A。
8．What is the text aimed at
A．Introducing American car culture.
B．Recommending a replacement for cars.
C．Encouraging a less car-dependent lifestyle.
D．Explaining the phenomenon of car dependency.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。根据第三段中“we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars”和最后一段中“We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide.Otherwise，those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who，the cars or the people.”可知，文章旨在鼓励人们减少对汽车的依赖。故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
They say once you learn to ride a bike，you never forget.Most of us learned to ride when we were kids，and many still wear our helmets，put our feet on the pedals，and shoot off for a ride on the streets.In recent times，cycling has seen an increase in popularity，so many people raise a question: 1
First，let’s look at the health benefits.Cycling can improve your cardiovascular(心血管的) health and burn extra body fat.Strengthening your muscles in your legs helps increase your potential torque(转矩) and cadence(节奏)． 2 A long ride in the countryside could help you clear your mind，or de-stress.But it’s not only about your body and mind，there are also some plus sides for your wallet’s health.
Cycling can be a great way to go to work or get about town. 3 If you drive to work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare，whereas finding somewhere to chain your bike up can be much simpler.Then，on the subway，there are changes at stations and other people who go to work speaking loudly on their phones to deal with. 4 And if you’re worried about safety，there are designated cycle lanes in many major cities.In addition，wearing high-visibility clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads.
5 It can help you reduce your carbon footprints.Not giving off greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment.
So，whether people want to cycle for their health，their wallet，the environment，or a combination of all of them—the popularity of cycling is on the rise.
A．What makes cycling so convenient
B．But cyclists face neither of these issues.
C．And people will choose to go to work by cycling.
D．Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment.
E．This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation.
F．And the benefits from cycling aren’t just physical，but mental as well.
G．What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者从健康优势、费用、方便程度和环保这四个方面介绍了骑自行车出行的好处。
1．答案　G
解析　根据上文“In recent times，cycling has seen an increase in popularity，so many people raise a question”以及下文对骑自行车出行的好处的介绍可知，空处应选择一个问句，针对骑自行车受欢迎的原因提问。故G项“是什么如此吸引人们再一次骑上他们的自行车呢？”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
2．答案　F
解析　根据下文“A long ride in the countryside could help you clear your mind，or de-stress.”可知，此处应是讲述骑自行车对心理健康的好处。F项“而且，骑自行车的好处不仅仅是身体上的，还有心理上的”引出下文，符合语境。故选F。
3．答案　E
解析　根据前一段段末“there are also some plus sides for your wallet’s health”和上文“Cycling can be a great way to go to work or get about town.”可知，骑自行车是上班或在城市中四处闲逛的一种不错的出行方式，且对钱包友好。E项解释原因，其中的This指的是上文提到的骑自行车上班或在城市中四处闲逛，“save you a lot of money”呼应上一段的“some plus sides for your wallet’s health”。故选E。
4．答案　B
解析　上文“If you drive to work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare...Then，on the subway，there are changes at stations and other people...”提到了开车和坐地铁去上班会遇到的问题，B项“但骑自行车的人不会面临这两个问题”与上文形成对比，强调骑自行车上班的好处，符合语境。故选B。
5．答案　D
解析　根据下文“It can help you reduce your carbon footprints.Not giving off greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment.”可知，本段主要讲述的是骑自行车对环境的好处。故D项“最后，骑自行车对环境也有好处”符合语境。故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1． (see) from outer space，Earth is a blue planet，due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70 per cent of its surface.According to 2. new study published in the journal Science，the ocean plays a great role in slowing down global warming.3. The New York Times reported，it is “an important buffer(缓冲物)”．
The oceans can absorb 93 per cent of the heat 4. (trap) by the greenhouse gases which humans release into the atmosphere.And the other 7 per cent 5. (absorb) by the air，land and ice caps，according to an 6. (analyse)．
“If the ocean wasn’t absorbing as much heat，the surface of the land would heat up much 7._________________(fast) than it is right now，” said Professor Malin L．Pinsky at Rutgers University in the US.“In fact，the ocean is saving us from rapid warming right now.”
However，the ocean itself，as Discover Magazine noted，is heating up 40 per cent faster on average than the United Nations 8. (believe) five years ago.That means if the ocean temperatures increase 9. this speed，the high water temperatures “will kill off marine ecosystems，raise sea levels and make 10. (hurricane) more destructive”，The Guardian reported.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了海洋在减缓全球变暖中扮演着重要角色，但海洋本身的平均升温速度比联合国五年前认为的要快40%，这将会带来一些破坏性的影响。
1．答案　Seen
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，动词see和主语是被动关系，故用其过去分词seen作状语。故填Seen。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。句意：根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新研究，海洋在减缓全球变暖方面发挥着重要作用。此处表示泛指，故填a。
3．答案　As
解析　考查定语从句。本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as意为“正如”，指代后面的整个句子，作reported的宾语。故填As。
4．答案　trapped
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语为can absorb，所以此处是非谓语动词。the heat与trap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填trapped。
5．答案　is absorbed
解析　考查时态和语态。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；动词absorb和主语the other 7 per cent之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为分数，指代heat，谓语动词用单数。故填is absorbed。
6．答案　analysis
解析　考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词an可知，此处应用analyse的名词单数形式作介词宾语。故填analysis。
7．答案　faster
解析　考查比较级。根据后文比较连词than可知，此处用fast的比较级。故填faster。
8．答案　believed
解析　考查动词时态。根据时间状语 five years ago可知，从句用一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式。故填believed。
9．答案　at
解析　考查介词。介词短语at this speed意为“以这个速度”，是固定搭配。故填at。
10．答案　hurricanes
解析　考查名词复数。零冠词可数名词复数表泛指，故填hurricanes。(共73张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3
GREEN LIVING
UNIT 8
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　长句难句分析
Part 3　语言知识梳理
训练4
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The future of “white bikes”.
B.The feature of “white bikes”.
C.The situation of “white bikes” in China.
D.The development process and influence of“white bikes”.
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Part 1(Para.1)：The 1. of cycling in Amsterdam.
Part 2(Paras.2－5)：The 2. of “white bikes”.
Part 3(Para.6)：The 3. and 4. of shared bikes in China.
popularity
development
convenience
problems
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1.What makes Amsterdam known as the city of bicycles
A.The cycling fans there.
B.The appearance of bicycles.
C.The quality of bicycles.
D.The convenience for bicycles.
√
2.Why did the first “white bikes” plan fail
A.People were tired of riding bikes.
B.There were not enough parking places.
C.Thieves took all the bikes within weeks.
D.The government allowed people to drive cars freely.
√
3.What should you do in order to take a “white bike” in 1999
A.You should take a bicycle in every parking place.
B.You should record every move of the bicycle.
C.You should buy a computer tracking system.
D.You should put in a special card.
√
4.What is the writer’s attitude towards the “white bikes”？
A.Supportive. B.Opposed.
C.Indifferent. D.Pessimistic.
√
People 1. (enjoy) the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and
2. convenient for bikes.
In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans came up 3. an idea.They believed that 4. would be better if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.They 5. (paint) hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people 6.___
(use).Wherever someone finished a journey，they would leave the bike there so that someone else could use it.
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
have been enjoying
therefore/thus
with
it
to
painted
use
But the problem was that 7. (thief) stole all the bicycles within weeks！In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam.The new “white bikes” were not 8. (actual) white but painted in bright colours.Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people，like the cycling fans of the 1960s，people can now enjoy easy transport in 9.___________
(centre) Amsterdam.
Nowadays，the idea has spread around the world.In China，more and more cities have their own programmes.However，problems can also develop.People are trying different ways of 10. (solve) those problems.
thieves
solving
actually
central
返 回
长句难句分析
1.People in Amsterdam have been enjoying the (benefit) of cycling for years.(P36，Para.1)
结构分析：本句是 句。句中have been enjoying是 时，表示动作始于过去，持续到现在或将继续进行下去。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
简单
benefits
现在完成进行
多年来阿姆斯特丹的居民一直享受着骑自行车的益处。
2.They believed that it would be (good) for everybody if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.(P36，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是 句。that引导 从句；if引导_________
从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
主从复合
better
宾语
条件状语
他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。
3.Thanks the ideas and efforts of many people，like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”，you can now enjoy clean air easy transport in central Amsterdam.(P37，Para.4)
结构分析：本句是 句。who引导 从句，修饰those。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
and
to
主从复合
由于这个提议以及众多人的努力，如 20 世纪 60 年代的骑行爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在人们可以在阿姆斯特丹的市中心享受清新的空气和便利的交通。
定语
4.Both the locals and tourists like to use (share) bikes because bike-sharing is cheap and easy way to save energy，reduce air and noise (pollute)，and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.
(P37，Para.6)
结构分析：本句是 句。主句是Both the locals...bikes；because引导 从句；to save...in cities是动词不定式短语作way的______
。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
shared
a
pollution
原因状语
本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车方便又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。
主从复合
后置
定语
返 回
语言知识梳理
想出，想到
1
come up with
come up走近；上升；被提出
come on快点；加油；来吧
come across偶然遇见
When it comes to...当谈及……；当提到……
用come短语完成下面的语段
(应用文写作之建议信)当谈及英语学习，我有一些实用的建议想要分享。首先，当你遇到不熟悉的单词时，不要总是查词典。另外，当老师在课堂上提出问题时，你应当试着想出答案。最后，如果你失败了，你必须对你自己说“加油！”
English learning，I have some practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions _________
in class，you should try to answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“ ！”
When it comes to
come across
come up
come up with
Come on
n.跟踪(n.轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道track v.追踪)
2
tracking
·be on the right track思路正确
·keep track of了解……的动态
get off the track偏离正题
·track down追踪到；追查到
用track的相关短语填空
To achieve our academic success，we must be and
our progress.If we ，we should quickly
our mistakes and correct them to stay focused on our goals.
on the right track
keep track of
get off the track
track down
People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.(P36－37，Para.2)
人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰the place；so that引导目的状语从句。
so that 引导目的状语从句
3
·so that引导目的状语从句时意为“以便，为了”，可用in order that 替
换，从句中常有may，can，could等情态动词。
·so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，通常不与情态
动词连用，从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。
注意：so that引导目的状语从句时也可以替换成so as to或in order to，
但其后需要接动词原形，而不再是从句结构。
(1)The team are working hard to analyse the problem so they can find the best solution.
that
(2)人们应该把健康看得比工作更重要，这样他们才能抽出更多的时间来锻炼身体。
①People should value health more than work _______________
.
②People should value health more than work _______________
.
写作佳句
so that/in order
that they could spare more time for physical training
so as to/in order
that they could spare more time for physical training
In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！(P37，Para.3)
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次车安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
结构分析：本句含有“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，即with的复合结构，在句中作状语。
with＋宾语＋宾补
4
with的复合结构在句中多作状语，也可以作定语，常见的构成是：with＋宾语＋doing/done/adj./adv./to do/介词短语。
(1)With electricity (cut) off，the residents had to use a candle to light up the house.
(2)With tears (well) up in my eyes，I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street.
cut
welling
(3)有如此多的学习资源供选择，我们很有可能选到不适合我们的材料。
，we are likely to choose the material that is not suitable for us.
(4)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)我的心开始狂跳不停，嘴里发干，我站起来，向舞台走去。
，I rose to my feet and headed for the stage.　　　　
写作佳句
With so many learning resources to select from
返 回
With my heart starting to beat wildly and my mouth dry
训练4
1.He came in quietly so he wouldn’t wake his wife up.
2.I watched the composer and the conductor disappear my horizon.
3.Thanks the help of the PLA men，the residents stuck in the flood were saved.
4.I will express my thanks to the boy who has come up such a wonderful plan.
5.You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her foot ________
(injure) so much.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
that
from
to
with
injured
6.In many counties of that country， (park) is allowed only on one side of the street.
7.The waiter can’t be bothered to serve the customers therefore he was fired by the boss.
8.Meeting with difficulties while you’re pursuing your dream means that you’re the right track.
9.The speech referred to the (disappear) of many plants and animals from our planet.
10.Their waste (track) technology means that caterers can see how much food is being wasted and why.
parking
and
on
disappearance
tracking
1.随着人们生活水平的提高，现在越来越多的人拥有汽车。(with的复合结构)
，more and more people own cars currently.
2.众所周知，虽然汽车已成为一种流行的交通工具，但它们也造成了一些问题，如空气污染、交通堵塞和全球变暖。(result in)
As is known to all，while cars have become a popular means of transport，
such as air pollution，traffic jams and global warming.
With people’s living standards improving
Ⅱ.单句写作
they have also resulted in some problems
3.一些人想出了一个建议：我们骑自行车代替开车。(come up with；proposal)
Some people ___________________________________________________
.
4.一些组织者在一些区域张贴海报来建议市民使用自行车，以便他们可以为环保做出贡献。(so that引导目的状语从句)
Some organizers put up some posters in some regions to advise the citizens to use a bike _____________________________________________
.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
came up with a proposal that we (should) ride bicycles
instead of cars
so that they can contribute to environmental
protection
参考范文
It is my great honor to make a speech about “Let’s Ride Bicycles” here.With people’s living standards improving，more and more people own cars currently.As is known to all，while cars have become a popular means of transport，they have also resulted in some problems such as air pollution，traffic jams and global warming.How can we solve the problems then
To deal with this problem，some people came up with a proposal that we (should) ride bicycles instead of cars.For one thing，bicycles don’t need petrol and they are energy-saving.For another，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gases.What’s more，some organizers put up some posters in some regions to advise the citizens to use a bike so that they can contribute to environmental protection.Therefore，lets take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.
That is all.Thank you!
A
Sam Trull has worked with wildlife for almost 20 years，but she first found her soft spot for sloths(树懒) in 2013 after moving to Costa Rica to work for a small wildlife recovery center called Kids Saving the Rainforest.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了野生动物保护主义者萨姆·特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加致力于树懒保护工作的感人事迹。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
On arriving there，she took a liking to a two-week-old orphaned(孤儿的) sloth named Kermie.Sloths hug each other for both safety and comfort，so Trull cared for him with tender love，meals，and hugs.Soon other baby sloths were brought in.It was then that she realized that helping the creatures survive was her true calling.
When the sloths were grown and healthy enough to depart，Trull and her team built a 19-foot-cubed cage near the recovery center and left the door open，so the four-legged friends could come and go freely.They spent enough time eating and exploring in the wild so that they could abandon the cage for good.Trull performed it successfully with several sloths who are now living healthily in the jungle.Their movements are tracked thanks to the collars they wear.
Keeping sloths wild and free is a complicated and expensive process.To make it more effective，Trull co-founded the Sloth Institute in 2014.In addition to the education program and the research into sloths，the institute also cooperates with other institutes to better learn how to prepare orphaned sloths brought to the institute for eventual re-entry into the rainforest.The institute is now going smoothly.
Trull published her new book called Slothlove，where she documented the sloths she had saved via photographs.She explained，“A lot of people don’t know getting hit by cars and getting caught in electric wires are particularly dangerous to sloths.People just think they’re adorable and take selfies with them，unaware that the sloth is stressed and upset.”
1.What can we learn about Trull shortly after she got to Costa Rica
A.She helped kids to recover.
B.She cared for sloths for comfort.
C.She was at a loss how to cure Kermie.
D.She decided to work with sloths forever.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加不久，就意识到她的使命是帮助树懒存活下去，即决定要永远从事帮助树懒的工作。故选D。
解析
2.Why did Trull and her team build the cage for the sloths
A.To limit their movements.
B.To make them recover quickly.
C.To train them to adapt to the wild.
D.To reunite them with their mothers.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，当树懒长大并健康到可以离开时，他们建造笼子，并且让门开着，这样树懒们就可以来去自由了。它们花了足够的时间在野外进食和探索，这样一来它们就可以永远不再需要笼子。因此，他们打造这个笼子是为了训练树懒适应野外生活。故选C。
解析
3.What can be inferred about the Sloth Institute
A.It is now open to tourists.
B.It will mainly educate the public.
C.It will let go more hand-raised sloths.
D.It is largely sponsored by other institutes.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知，除了教育计划和树懒研究以外，该研究所还与其他研究所合作，以便更好地了解如何为来到研究所的孤儿树懒做好准备，让它们最终能重返雨林。所以树懒研究所会放生更多亲手抚养的树懒。故选C。
解析
4.Why does the author mention Trull’s words in the last paragraph
A.To stress her talent for photography.
B.To describe people’s love for sloths.
C.To introduce the popularity of her book.
D.To tell the reason for publishing her book.
√
推理判断题。文章末尾，特鲁尔说：“许多人不知道，对树懒来说，被汽车撞到和被电线困住尤为危险。人们只是觉得它们很可爱，然后和它们自拍，却没有意识到树懒所承受的压力和不安。”这与出版《树懒之爱》构成因果关系，即作者引用特鲁尔的话是为了解释出版这本书的理由。故选D。
解析
B
Anthropologist Daniel Miller has observed that an alien(外星人) visiting Earth might suppose that four-wheeled creatures rule the planet.These rulers，he points out，are “served by a host of slaves who walk on legs and spend their whole lives serving them.”
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。作者认为人们应该减少对汽车的依赖，因为汽车有很多负面影响，并提出了可行的解决方案。
He meant this as a joke，but it mirrors American car culture to some extent.In the US，the costs of car dependency keep growing，far above the $12,000-per-year average expense of owning a new one.
Coast-to-coast，the cars we drive cause about 16% of greenhouse gas emissions.They cause significant air pollution，which worsens heart disease rates.Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44.Since 2010，the number of pedestrians(行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year.
American car culture is a choice that now comes at too high a cost，both for ourselves and for the environment.After a century of its central place in our lives，we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars.
Solutions are obvious and right in front of us.Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority(优先权) as roads in our cities，instead of being afterthoughts.Unreasonable demands by the government that the public get back behind the wheel to offices need to stop.We can even provide discounts to bicyclists who take the train or subway.Another reality is that car parking is too cheap across much of the country，where different parking prices can change our plans from hopping in the car during rush hours to taking the subway instead.
We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide.Otherwise，those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who，the cars or the people.
5.Why are aliens and slaves mentioned at the beginning
A.To compare aliens to slaves.
B.To amuse readers with a joke.
C.To warn readers of the coming danger.
D.To illustrate humans’ dependence on cars.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“He meant this as a joke，but it mirrors American car culture to some extent.In the US，the costs of car dependency keep growing，far above the $12,000-per-year average expense of owning a new one.”可知，文章开头提到了外星人和奴隶是为了表明人类对汽车的依赖。故选D。
解析
6.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The great popularity of cars.
B.The negative impact of cars.
C.The environmental damage by cars.
D.The high cost of owning cars.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段可知，汽车会排放温室气体，造成严重的环境污染，进而加剧心脏病的发病率，另外，机动车事故每年都造成大量的人员伤亡。因此，第二段主要讲了汽车的负面影响。故选B。
解析
7.Which measure might be taken according to the author
A.Promote walking and bicycling.
B.Demand the public drive to work.
C.Offer free train rides to bicyclists.
D.Reduce parking fees in rush hours.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority(优先权) as roads in our cities，instead of being afterthoughts.”可知，作者认为可以采取鼓励步行和骑行的措施。故选A。
解析
8.What is the text aimed at
A.Introducing American car culture.
B.Recommending a replacement for cars.
C.Encouraging a less car-dependent lifestyle.
D.Explaining the phenomenon of car dependency.
√
写作意图题。根据第三段中“we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars”和最后一段中“We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide.Otherwise，those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who，the cars or the people.”可知，文章旨在鼓励人们减少对汽车的依赖。故选C。
解析
They say once you learn to ride a bike，you never forget.Most of us learned to ride when we were kids，and many still wear our helmets，put our feet on the pedals，and shoot off for a ride on the streets.
Ⅳ.七选五
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者从健康优势、费用、方便程度和环保这四个方面介绍了骑自行车出行的好处。
In recent times，cycling has seen an increase in popularity，so many people raise a question: 1
A.What makes cycling so convenient
B.But cyclists face neither of these issues.
C.And people will choose to go to work by cycling.
D.Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment.
E.This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation.
F.And the benefits from cycling aren’t just physical，but mental as well.
G.What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
√
根据上文“In recent times，cycling has seen an increase in popularity，so many people raise a question”以及下文对骑自行车出行的好处的介绍可知，空处应选择一个问句，针对骑自行车受欢迎的原因提问。故G项“是什么如此吸引人们再一次骑上他们的自行车呢？”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
解析
First，let’s look at the health benefits.Cycling can improve your cardiovascular(心血管的) health and burn extra body fat.Strengthening your muscles in your legs helps increase your potential torque(转矩) and cadence(节奏).
2 A long ride in the countryside could help you clear your mind，or de-stress.But it’s not only about your body and mind，there are also some plus sides for your wallet’s health.
A.What makes cycling so convenient
B.But cyclists face neither of these issues.
C.And people will choose to go to work by cycling.
D.Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment.
E.This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation.
F.And the benefits from cycling aren’t just physical，but mental as well.
G.What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
√
根据下文“A long ride in the countryside could help you clear your mind，or de-stress.”可知，此处应是讲述骑自行车对心理健康的好处。F项“而且，骑自行车的好处不仅仅是身体上的，还有心理上的”引出下文，符合语境。故选F。
解析
Cycling can be a great way to go to work or get about town. 3 If you drive to work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare，whereas finding somewhere to chain your bike up can be much simpler.
A.What makes cycling so convenient
B.But cyclists face neither of these issues.
C.And people will choose to go to work by cycling.
D.Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment.
E.This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation.
F.And the benefits from cycling aren’t just physical，but mental as well.
G.What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
√
根据前一段段末“there are also some plus sides for your wallet’s health”和上文“Cycling can be a great way to go to work or get about town.”可知，骑自行车是上班或在城市中四处闲逛的一种不错的出行方式，且对钱包友好。E项解释原因，其中的This指的是上文提到的骑自行车上班或在城市中四处闲逛，“save you a lot of money”呼应上一段的“some plus sides for your wallet’s health”。故选E。
解析
Then，on the subway，there are changes at stations and other people who go to work speaking loudly on their phones to deal with. 4 And if you’re worried about safety，there are designated cycle lanes in many major cities.In addition，wearing high-visibility clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads.
A.What makes cycling so convenient
B.But cyclists face neither of these issues.
C.And people will choose to go to work by cycling.
D.Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment.
E.This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation.
F.And the benefits from cycling aren’t just physical，but mental as well.
G.What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
√
上文“If you drive to work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare...Then，on the subway，there are changes at stations and other people...”提到了开车和坐地铁去上班会遇到的问题，B项“但骑自行车的人不会面临这两个问题”与上文形成对比，强调骑自行车上班的好处，符合语境。故选B。
解析
5 It can help you reduce your carbon footprints.Not giving off greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment.
A.What makes cycling so convenient
B.But cyclists face neither of these issues.
C.And people will choose to go to work by cycling.
D.Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment.
E.This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation.
F.And the benefits from cycling aren’t just physical，but mental as well.
G.What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
√
根据下文“It can help you reduce your carbon footprints.Not giving off greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment.”可知，本段主要讲述的是骑自行车对环境的好处。故D项“最后，骑自行车对环境也有好处”符合语境。故选D。
解析
So，whether people want to cycle for their health，their wallet，the environment，or a combination of all of them—the popularity of cycling is on the rise.
1. (see) from outer space，Earth is a blue planet，due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70 per cent of its surface.
Seen
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了海洋在减缓全球变暖中扮演着重要角色，但海洋本身的平均升温速度比联合国五年前认为的要快40%，这将会带来一些破坏性的影响。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，动词see和主语是被动关系，故用其过去分词seen作状语。故填Seen。
解析
According to 2. new study published in the journal Science，the ocean plays a great role in slowing down global warming.3. The New York Times reported，it is “an important buffer(缓冲物)”.
2.考查冠词。句意：根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新研究，海洋在减缓全球变暖方面发挥着重要作用。此处表示泛指，故填a。
3.考查定语从句。本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as意为“正如”，指代后面的整个句子，作reported的宾语。故填As。
解析
a
As
The oceans can absorb 93 per cent of the heat 4. (trap) by the greenhouse gases which humans release into the atmosphere.
trapped
考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语为can absorb，所以此处是非谓语动词。the heat与trap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填trapped。
解析
And the other 7 per cent 5. (absorb) by the air，land and ice caps，according to an 6. (analyse).
is absorbed
5.考查时态和语态。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；动词absorb和主语the other 7 per cent之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为分数，指代heat，谓语动词用单数。故填is absorbed。
6.考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词an可知，此处应用analyse的名词单数形式作介词宾语。故填analysis。
解析
analysis
“If the ocean wasn’t absorbing as much heat，the surface of the land would heat up much 7._______(fast) than it is right now，” said Professor Malin L.Pinsky at Rutgers University in the US.“In fact，the ocean is saving us from rapid warming right now.”
faster
考查比较级。根据后文比较连词than可知，此处用fast的比较级。故填faster。
解析
However，the ocean itself，as Discover Magazine noted，is heating up 40 per cent faster on average than the United Nations 8. (believe) five years ago.
believed
考查动词时态。根据时间状语 five years ago可知，从句用一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式。故填believed。
解析
That means if the ocean temperatures increase 9. this speed，the high water temperatures “will kill off marine ecosystems，raise sea levels and make 10. (hurricane) more destructive”，The Guardian reported.
at
9.考查介词。介词短语at this speed意为“以这个速度”，是固定搭配。故填at。
10.考查名词复数。零冠词可数名词复数表泛指，故填hurricanes。
解析
hurricanes
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