资源简介

Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．Who can remember the first 22,514 digits of pi(π)
A．Stephen Wiltshire.
B．Daniel Tammet.
C．Jemima Gryaznov.
D．Hermann Ebbinghaus.
答案　B
2．When does the sharpest loss of memory occur
A．During the very early period after learning.
B．During the first three days after learning.
C．During the first week after learning.
D．During the first hour after learning.
答案　A
3．Who has the best memory
A．George at the age of 16.
B．Miss Young at the age of 27.
C．Mr Yang at the age of 25.
D．Dr.Li at the age of 40.
答案　C
4．Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from
A．Entertainment. B．Biology.
C．Health. D．Career.
答案　B
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
We remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially 1.emotional(emotion) connections.So it is important to connect something new with 2.what we already know.Also，we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.
A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event many 3.years(year) later，but no one has proved that there are people 4.who really have photographic memories.So we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn when 5.memorising(memorise) detailed learning materials.
According to Ebbinghaus，the sharpest 6.loss(lose) of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.Therefore，one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember 7.is(be) to review the material 8.periodically(periodical)，especially during the first day after learning.
Our memory reaches its full power 9.at the age of 25.After this age，the brain starts to get smaller.By middle age，our memory is significantly 10.worse(bad) than when we were young.
1．This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement(excite)．(P58，Para.1)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。because引导表语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
2.A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event many years later，but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories(memory)．(P58，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是but连接的并列复合句。第二个分句中的that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰people。
汉语翻译：拥有照相记忆能力的人多年后仍旧可以记住某一张图片、某本书或者某一事件的每一个细节，但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照相记忆能力。
3.This means timely review during this period，with a few revisits to what is learnt，can significantly(significant) help us to remember the information.(P59，Para.3)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。句中timely review...can...是省略了 that 的宾语从句；what引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：这意味着在这一阶段及时复习，多次回顾所学内容，可以极大地帮助我们记住这些内容。
4.Asking questions about what we learn also helps(help) with memorisation.(P60)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。what引导宾语从句；动名词短语Asking questions是句子的主语。
汉语翻译：对所学内容提出问题也能帮助记忆。
5．Another effective(effect) technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily(easy) connected to things that are already known.(P60)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句，该从句中，that引导定语从句，修饰things。主句中的不定式短语to remember things作后置定语，修饰technique；不定式短语to group...together作表语。
汉语翻译：另外一个有效的记忆方法是给相似的内容或信息分类，这样这些内容能更容易与已有知识建立联系。
arrangement n．计划；安排(arrange v．安排；筹备；整理；排列；布置)
·make arrangements for...为……做好安排
·arrange to do sth 安排做某事
arrange for为……做准备(安排)
arrange for sb/sth to do sth安排某人/物做某事
(1)His parents arranged a big surprise party for his birthday，which made him excited.
(2)The company will arrange for a taxi to pick(pick) you up at the airport.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之旅游计划)强烈建议你事先做好旅行准备，尤其是你打算出国旅游的时候。
It is highly recommended that you (should)make travel arrangements well in advance，especially when you plan to travel abroad.
excitement n．兴奋，激动(excite v．刺激；使……兴奋 exciting adj.使人兴奋的 excited adj.兴奋的)
in excitement兴奋地
with excitement怀着激动的心情
to one’s excitement令某人兴奋的是
(1)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)Seeing the boat by the river，all the children got excited.Then their teacher walked to them and told them the whole thing with excitement.For everyone there，it was exciting to get a boat in that situation.(excite)
[写作佳句]
(2)让他兴奋的是，他被派去那个地区学习一些新技艺。
①To his excitement，he was sent to that region to learn some new techniques.
②What made him excited was that he was sent to that region to learn some new techniques.
③It excited him that he was sent to that region to learn some new techniques.
(3)他无法抑制自己的兴奋，跳上跳下，大声呼喊。
Unable to contain his excitement，he jumped up and down，shouting loudly.
as a result 作为结果
·as a result of...因为；由于；作为……的结果
·result in导致；造成
result from由……引起
用result短语的适当形式填空
(1)He had a sudden headache.As a result，he wasn’t able to attend the party.
(2)He wasn’t able to attend the party as a result of his sudden headache.
(3)His sudden headache resulted in his not being able to attend the party.
(4)His not being able to attend the party resulted from his sudden headache.
take it easy 放轻松
take one’s time别着急；慢慢来
take sth seriously重视某事；认真对待某事
take...for granted认为……理所当然
take...as...把……当作……
用take短语的适当形式填空
(1)When faced(face) with the difficulty，the child didn’t give up but managed to overcome it.
(2)—OK，I’ll fix your computer right now.
—Oh，take your time.I’m in no hurry.
(3)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)We human beings normally take it for granted that oceans can supply us with limitless resources.As a result，we don’t take ocean conservation seriously.
[写作佳句]
(4)(读后续写之动作描写)Sensing my nervousness，he rushed to me and patted me on the shoulder，whispering in a soft voice，“Take it easy(放轻松)！”
状语从句的省略
(1)When remembering something new，try to connect it to our emotions.(P60)
在记忆新事物时，试着把它和我们的情感联系起来。
(2)As most of us do not have amazing memories like them，when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.(P60)
大多数人并不具有他们那样惊人的记忆力，因此我们在尝试记学习内容的细节时，仅需把注意力放到概要方面，并对所学内容保持好奇。
结构分析：句(1)中When remembering something new和句(2)中when memorising detailed learning materials均为状语从句的省略。句(2)中as引导原因状语从句；what 引导宾语从句。
————————————————————————————————————————
在由while，when，if，as if，even if/though，though，although，until，once，unless等引导的状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be动词可同时省略。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)When faced(face) with the difficulty，the child didn’t give up but managed to overcome it.
(2)Suddenly the old man stopped as if to look(look) for something.
[写作佳句]
(3)如果你采取的措施有效，保持下去。如果没有，那就换个策略。
If the steps you take are working，keep them up.If not，take another look at other strategies.
(4)(2024·天津，书面表达)离开房间时记得关灯和风扇。
Remember to turn off lights and fans when leaving a room.
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成其后的题目。
(1)Everyone was surprised when Disney said (2)its film team members were remaking The Jungle Book.Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title，(3)it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.(4)Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle until one day (5)Shere Khan the tiger returns and tries to drive him out of the jungle.In 1967，Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film，which is widely regarded as a classic.However，(6)its old age shows.(7)The new film uses much more advanced technology—(8)not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created.(9)Building the jungle environment on the computer was no easy job.It took more than 800 artists over a year to work on the project.(10)The Jungle Book lasts for about two hours but (11)there is enough tension and humour to hold your attention during the whole film.(12)Two hours seems very short when you’re having so much fun!
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，指主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，如(1)，(2)，(3)，(4)，(5)，(6)，(7)，(9)，(10)；意义一致原则，指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义一致，如(12)；就近原则，指谓语动词的形式与最近的主语在人称和数上一致，如(8)和(11)。
主谓一致
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主要遵循语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则：谓语动词的人称和数取决于主语的形式。
1．各种不同形式的主语
主语是一个单数名词、一个不可数名词、一个动名词短语、一个不定式短语或一个从句时，谓语多用单数形式；主语是复数名词，两个或两个以上动名词短语、不定式短语或从句时，谓语多用复数形式。
The results of the exam are to be announced soon.考试结果将很快被公布。
His advice has been accepted.
他的建议已被接受。
Reading aloud is good for us to learn English.大声朗读对我们学习英语有好处。
Bushwalking，fishing，horse riding，tennis，golf and sailing are all popular.
丛林徒步旅行、钓鱼、骑马、网球运动、高尔夫球运动和帆船运动都很受欢迎。
When we can go out freely has not been decided yet.我们什么时候能自由出行还未决定。
注意：what引导的从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式；但若从句后的表语是复数形式或从句本身表示复数意义，谓语动词可用复数。
What are needed are more resources.所需要的是更多的资源。
2．后接介词短语等的主语
主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，like，but，except，including，in addition to，such as等，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词的人称和数根据主语的人称和数来确定。
The woman，together with her two children，says that it is hard to memorise the sentence.
这位女士，还有她的两个孩子，都说记住这个句子很难。
The students，together with their teacher，are going to have a picnic this weekend.
这些学生打算本周末同他们的老师一起去野餐。
3．不定代词作主语
主语是one，another，the other，either，each，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone，no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，谓语用单数形式。
Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth.
没有人确切地知道地球上有多少种植物和动物。
Nothing is more important than his career for him in the world.
对于他来说，这个世界上他的事业最重要。
4．常以复数形式出现的名词作主语
主语是glasses，shorts，shoes，gloves，scissors，trousers等复数名词时，谓语用复数形式。若其前有“pair/kind/type...＋of”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair，kind，type等的数一致。
The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.裤子很合身。现在请试穿衬衫。
A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.
床底下放着一双鞋子。
5．定语从句中关系代词作主语
引导定语从句的关系代词who，which，that在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.我们看到了废弃的农场，这些农场是一百多年前建成的。
I turned around and glared at the person who was humming.
我转过身瞪着那个正在小声哼唱的人。
注意：“one of＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，先行词是该复数名词，从句的谓语动词用复数形式；而“the only one of＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，先行词是one，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
She is one of the persons who know that strange language.她是懂那门奇怪语言的人们中的一个。
She is the only one of the persons who knows that strange language.
她是那些人中唯一一个懂得那门奇怪语言的人。
二、意义一致原则：不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语意义上的数决定谓语动词的单复数。
1．谓语动词一般用单数的情况
(1)一些以-s结尾的表示学科的名词如maths，physics等表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Maths is one of the most important courses in middle schools.
数学是中学里最重要的课程之一。
(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
The United Nations is an organization of sovereign states.联合国是主权国家组成的组织。
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer tells the story of a young boy’s adventures.《汤姆·索亚历险记》讲述了一个小男孩的冒险故事。
(3)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
As a matter of fact，ten days is a long time for the old man.
事实上，十天对老人来说是很长的一段时间。
(4)并列主语“名词＋and＋名词”结构表示同一个人、同一件事或同一种概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A conductor and composer is sitting in the heart of the hall now.
一位指挥兼作曲家现在正坐在大厅的中央。
(5)当“each/every＋单数名词＋and＋单数名词”或“each/every＋单数名词＋and＋each/every＋单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl in this region likes to go swimming.
这个地区的每个男孩和女孩都喜欢去游泳。
(6)若and连接的两个名词是成套的物品且两者合用一个冠词，如a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等，其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A knife and fork is used for eating.
一副刀叉是用来吃饭的。
2．谓语动词一般用复数的情况
(1)表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The British police have only very limited powers.英国警察的职权非常有限。
(2)“the＋形容词/过去分词”表示“一类人或事物”时，谓语动词用复数。
The injured were saved after the fire.
受伤的人在火灾后得救了。
3．其他情况
(1)集体名词如family，class，team等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示一个集体、强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分、强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
The whole family were unfamiliar with the new song.全家人都不熟悉这首新歌。
The government has also invested money in cleaning the river.政府也已经投资净化河水。
(2)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
About 30% of the residents have ignored the organiser’s proposal.
约30%的居民都没有理会这位组织者的建议。
(3)主语是deer，fish，sheep，means，series，species，works(工厂)，Chinese，Japanese等单复数同形的名词时，要视其意义来确定谓语动词用单数还是复数形式。
These steel works are moved to the suburbs.
这些钢铁厂被迁到了郊区。
The steel works lies in the east of the town.
这家钢铁厂位于城东。
(4)主语是不定代词all，some，any，neither，more，most以及the rest，half等时，若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；若指代复数可数名词，谓语用复数形式。
All of these processes are a form of natural evolution.所有这些过程都是自然进化的一种。
All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.我们所需要的只是一小块地，在那里我们可以在一年的整个生长季节种植各种各样的果树。
注意：不定代词none指代复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数要看说话人脑中联想到的是单数还是复数概念。
None of the books are easy enough for us.这些书太难，不适合我们的水平。
None of these actions is either good or bad.这些行为都无所谓好坏。
若none指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
None of the milk is left.没有牛奶剩下了。
三、就近一致原则：谓语动词的人称和数取决于离它最近的主语。
1．由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
学生和老师都不知道这件事。
Not the residents but the founder is trying to promote the new policy.
不是居民们而是这位创始人在努力宣传新政策。
2．在here/there引起的倒装句中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.
给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
3．“many a＋单数名词”与“more than one＋单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示的是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，这是由名词的形式决定的。
Many a boy likes playing basketball.
许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Neither Mary nor I am(be) interested in the new movie.
2．War and peace is(be) a constant theme in history.
3．Three hours with your old friends seems(seem) to be a short time.
4．Many a person was(be) injured in the accident yesterday.
5．The famous poet and writer is(be) fond of folk songs，which surprises us all.
6．What I want is an interesting book while what he expects are two cups of coffee.(be)
7．The retired professor，together with his children，often goes(go) to the beach in summer.
8．A large amount of water in this river has been polluted(pollute) by some plastic packagings in the past few years.
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空
I want to introduce my class to you.My class 1.is(be) very small and there 2.are(be) only 20 students in it.Among us 3.are(be) 11 boys and the others 4.are(be) girls.All of us 5.are(be) getting along well with each other.None of us 6.have(have) quarrelled with each other.
Every boy and every girl 7.helps(help) each other in every subject，so nobody 8.fails(fail) in any exam.Our headmaster often 9.praises(praise) us for our helping each other.Every weekend，there 10.is(be) a meeting，which our headmaster，together with five of us,11.attends(attend) to discuss how to make our class better.
Such 12.is(be) our class，a happy and friendly family.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．More than one student has made such a mistake before.
不止一个学生以前犯过这样的错误。
2．“In front of the hotel stands a tall tree，” the guide said.
“在旅馆前面矗立着一棵大树。”导游说。
3．It was the students，rather than the teacher，who were willing to go on a picnic that day.
那天是学生们，而不是老师，愿意去野餐。
4．Nobody but those invited by Dr Li is allowed to enter the patient’s room.
除了李医生邀请的人以外，谁也不许进入病房。
5．What he wants is some advice on how to learn English，while what she looks forward to are some English dictionaries.
他想要的是一些关于如何学习英语的建议，而她期待的是一些英语词典。
训练4　Lesson 3
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．If you ignore your teacher’s advice，it may result in failure to improve your grades.
2．I was honoured to meet the famous scientist，and with excitement，I asked him for advice on my research project.
3．To my excitement(excite)，my youngest son came up with an excellent proposal.
4．The performer’s experiences contrast sharply(sharp) with those of other performers.
5．When enjoying(enjoy) the meal，try to memorise these basic table manners to feel more confident.
6．All you can do is do your best each day and when something odd happens，take it easy and handle it effectively.
7．Moreover，but for your timely(time) help，I would have been hurt during surfing.
8．The student took notes carefully，and as a result，her memory stayed sharp during exams.
9．I recommend you should make detailed arrangements(arrange) before you brush up on what you’ve learned.
10．It’s when those negative moments control your life that your emotional(emotion) balance is at risk.
Ⅱ.单句写作(推荐在夏令营学习唐诗)(满分15分)
1．听说你要去中国参加夏令营，我很高兴。(状语从句的省略)
When hearing you’re going to attend summer camps in China，I’m glad.
2．在这两个选择中，我强烈建议你选择学习唐诗。(recommend)
Of the two options，I strongly recommend that you (should) choose to learn Tang poems.
3.学习唐诗可以帮助你更深入地了解中国的语言和历史。(动名词短语作主语)
Learning Tang poems will help you have a deeper insight into Chinese language and history.
4．唐诗在中国文学中享有很高的声誉(reputation)，深受中国人民的喜爱。(主谓一致)
Tang Poems enjoy a high reputation in Chinese literature，and are popular with Chinese people.
5．如果你为夏令营做好安排，你会对中国文化有更好的了解。(arrangement)
If you make arrangements for your summer camp，you will acquire a better understanding of Chinese culture.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
Dear Daniel，
When hearing you’re going to attend summer camps in China，I’m glad and extend my warm welcome to you.Of the two options，I strongly recommend that you choose to learn Tang poems.
As a keen lover for Chinese culture，learning Tang poems will help you have a deeper insight into Chinese language and history.In addition，Tang Poems enjoy a high reputation in Chinese literature，and are popular with Chinese people.By participating in this camp，not only can you get a glimpse of profound Chinese history but you can also experience a wonderful journey in the world of Chinese poems.If you make arrangements for your summer camp，you will acquire a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Hopefully，you’ll enjoy your summer camp.Looking forward to meeting you in China.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
It’s summer，and school-aged kids are finding all kinds of ways to have fun，from a trip to the pool or playground to playing games with smart phones.As a result，they are also forgetting some of what they learned in school，a phenomenon called “summer slide”．Fortunately，summer slide can be prevented with just a little regular practice of fun.
Encourage reading every day.Make a special event out of a trip to the public library，and let your kids pick out whatever interests them.Give your kids a special treat for every book they finish.Help them set up a reading corner in their room that’s quiet，comfortable and free of various electronic distractions.Best of all，give them the gift of your own example as an enthusiastic reader.
Another way to make reading fun is to share a poem together.Poems by writers like Dr.Seuss，Shel Silverstein and Maurice Sendak are fun to read aloud，and often have a strong sense of humor that attracts children.Take turns reading them aloud to each other，talk about what they mean，and see if you can memorize your favorites.Then have a contest to see who can write the best poem.
Summer is a great time to visit a learning place together.Children’s museums are specially designed to make learning fun and enjoyable for kids and let them practice essential skills.Or just take a walk together on one of our many nature paths，where your children can use their reading skills to learn about the plants，animals and geology around them.And of course，don’t forget the special programs offered by many local public libraries，along with many other learning materials for kids of all ages.
1．Which of the following can be named “summer slide”？
A．Having no idea how to play computer games.
B．Forgetting how to organize a camping activity.
C．Failing to know how to go swimming in a pool.
D．Not remembering how to do a chemistry experiment in the lab.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As a result，they are also forgetting some of what they learned in school，a phenomenon called ‘summer slide’．”可知，学生们在暑假期间忘记了他们在学校学到的一些东西的现象被称为“暑期滑坡”。由此推知，“不记得如何在实验室做化学实验”可以被称为“暑期滑坡”。故选D。
2．What’s the best way to keep your children reading
A．Taking them to libraries often.
B．Being an enthusiastic reader yourself.
C．Setting a reading corner in their room.
D．Giving them a treat to encourage reading.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Best of all，give them the gift of your own example as an enthusiastic reader.”可知，以身作则，作为热情的读者给孩子树立榜样是最好的方法。故选B。
3．What do we know about the poems mentioned in paragraph 3
A．They are easy to read aloud.
B．They can be memorized by children.
C．They are suitable for both adults and children.
D．They attract children with their sense of humor.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Poems by writers like Dr.Seuss，Shel Silverstein and Maurice Sendak are fun to read aloud，and often have a strong sense of humor that attracts children.”可知，第三段提到的这些诗歌以其幽默感吸引孩子。故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The cause of summer slide.
B．Fun ways to prevent summer slide.
C．Ways to keep children active in summer.
D．The effects of summer slide on children.
答案　B
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Fortunately，summer slide can be prevented with just a little regular practice of fun.”及全文内容可知，文章主要提供了几种防止“暑期滑坡”的有趣的方法。故选B。
B
Since our earliest school days，we have generally accepted the idea that some people learn faster than others.However，according to a new study，we actually learn at very similar rates given the same opportunities.
Researchers looked at 1.3 million “student interactions” across a variety of learning software tools used by 6,946 learners，ranging from late elementary students to college students.The gathered statistics(统计数字) covered a variety of learning tasks.
The data showed that academic performance gaps come from differences in the starting point of learning，the learning opportunity and access to such opportunity，rather than any learning rate.“This further confirms that educational technologies can provide favorable learning conditions that make it easier to learn something new，like a second language，” says Ken Koedinger，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania.
“We have all seen cases where somebody gets to a learning outcome sooner than a peer，” says Koedinger.“But what we don’t usually track is where they started.Our results are not contradicting(相矛盾) that people end up in different places，but accounting for the fact that where students are starting from can tell us a lot about where they will end up.”
The team suggests that our brains can take different “mental routes” to learn something，which means our learning rates aren’t too different.Given the same opportunities，we can all get to the same point in the way that best suits our experiences and knowledge.
This is useful in figuring out the best ways to pass on knowledge.Though many factors work together when it comes to learning，the researchers want to emphasize that we’re all capable of learning.
“No matter who you are，you can make it，” says scientist Paulo Carvalho from Carnegie Mellon University.“You might have had fewer previous opportunities in your life，so it may be harder at first than it is for other people.But you will make just as much progress as anyone else as long as you hold on to your learning.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，在相同的机会下，学习者实际的学习速度非常相似，学习成绩的差距受到学习起点、学习机会和获得机会的影响，而不是学习速度。
5．How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By doing online surveys.
B．By introducing a concept.
C．By collecting data on learners.
D．By conducting experiments.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段可知，研究者通过收集学习软件工具上学习者的数据来进行研究。故选C。
6．Which of the following could cause academic performance gaps according to the study
A．The learning rate.
B．The learning outcome.
C．The learning task.
D．The learning opportunity.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The data showed that academic performance gaps come from differences in the starting point of learning，the learning opportunity and access to such opportunity，rather than any learning rate.”可知，该研究发现学习机会的不同是导致学习成绩差距的原因之一。故选D。
7．What are we supposed to do according to the new study
A．Stick to our learning goals wherever we start.
B．Take different routes to learn something new.
C．Try every means to increase our learning rate.
D．Seek learning opportunities at a very young age.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You might have had fewer previous opportunities in your life，so it may be harder at first than it is for other people.But you will make just as much progress as anyone else as long as you hold on to your learning.”可知，虽然之前机会少会导致一开始学习比较难，但是只要坚持学习就可以取得同样的进步。因此，无论从哪里开始，我们都应该坚持我们的学习目标。故选A。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．How Can You Learn Something Faster
B．What Is Behind Your Academic Success
C．Why Is the Achievement Gap Growing
D．Where Is Our Starting Point of Learning
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明学习成绩的差距受到学习起点、学习机会和获得机会的影响，而不是学习速度，如果有相同的机会，学习者实际的学习速度非常相似。因此，文章揭示了影响学习者学习成绩的因素，B项“你学业成功的背后是什么？”概括了文章大意。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
The Reasons for Student Burnout
Student burnout can show itself in many ways，from being tired all the time to not feeling like doing anything. 1
Overscheduling can lead to burnout.Students today are too stressed about their grades to enjoy their childhood.Yet，colleges often want more than just good grades. 2 After school，students are sent to soccer practice or ballet.The more they ran around to different activities，the less time they have to themselves.
3 Students who suffer from learning problems get extra help at school through tutors and extra classes.However，these students quickly become too anxious about their schoolwork to do well.This is because they still go to regular classes.In those classes，they have to keep asking for help.The more the students need to ask for help，the less confidence they have in themselves at school.
Finally，stress at home causes burnout. 4 Or their parents may work a lot，so the students must help clean the home.They might also have a part-time job and are working too much to study well.The more they work outside of school，the less time they have to focus on grades.
Overscheduling，learning problems，and stress at home are harmful and can cause student burnout. 5 Make sure they are not overscheduled.Talk to teachers about their learning problems.And don’t let them work too many hours outside of school.
A．What causes student burnout
B．Parents can help their children.
C．Students are benefiting from it.
D．Learning problems can also cause student burnout.
E．Many students come from families that are under stress.
F．They also want to see students who do volunteer work and play sports.
G．Too much workout can also result in learning problems among students.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了引起学生倦怠的原因以及父母可以如何帮助孩子解决倦怠。
1．答案　A
解析　上文“Student burnout can show itself in many ways，from being tired all the time to not feeling like doing anything.”提到学生倦怠的表现，下文“Overscheduling can lead to burnout.”讲述学生倦怠的原因，A项“是什么导致了学生倦怠？”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
2．答案　F
解析　根据上文“Yet，colleges often want more than just good grades.”可知，空处应是承接上文，说明大学还看重学生哪些方面，F项“他们还想看到做志愿者工作和参加体育运动的学生”符合语境，其中also want也是提示，跟上文的want相吻合。故选F。
3．答案　D
解析　空处是本段主题句，根据本段中“Students who suffer from learning problems get extra help at school through tutors and extra classes.However，these students quickly become too anxious about their schoolwork to do well.”可知，本段是说学习问题会导致倦怠，D项“学习问题也会导致学生倦怠”符合语境，故选D。
4．答案　E
解析　根据本段主题句“Finally，stress at home causes burnout.”和空后“Or their parents may work a lot，so the students must help clean the home.”可知，本段是关于家庭压力导致的倦怠，E项“许多学生来自压力很大的家庭”符合本段主题，和下文都是说明学生的家庭压力，故选E。
5．答案　B
解析　前文“Overscheduling，learning problems，and stress at home are harmful and can cause student burnout.”提到三个因素都会导致学生倦怠，下文描述父母对此可以采取的具体措施，B项“父母可以帮助他们的孩子”是对下文措施的概括，符合语境，故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
DeepSeek，an advanced AI-powered learning platform，is changing how students and teachers approach education.1. (design) to be both intelligent and accessible，it uses cutting-edge technology to provide personalized learning experiences.
At 2. (it) core，DeepSeek uses deep learning algorithms and big data analysis to understand individual students’ 3. (strength) and challenges.In one notable case，schools using DeepSeek reported 4. average academic improvement of 25% among students.
In the classroom，DeepSeek acts 5. a useful tool.It can be used by teachers 6. (create) lesson plans，solve complex equations，or even simulate scientific experiments.Students，meanwhile，benefit from instant feedback on assignments.Its ability to generate creative writing ideas 7. (make) learning engaging and interactive.
Technologically，DeepSeek stands out for its open-source approach and cost-efficiency.Unlike many AI models，it is freely accessible and requires significantly 8. (few) resources to run than before.Its developers have also pioneered the use of reinforcement learning,9.________________(enable) the AI to improve its reasoning skills through trial and error.
Looking ahead，DeepSeek aims to further integrate with educational systems worldwide,10._________________ will offer support for languages，coding，and even advanced research projects.As AI continues to evolve，tools like DeepSeek promise to make learning more inclusive and effective for students everywhere.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DeepSeek这一先进的人工智能学习平台，阐述了其如何通过深度学习算法和大数据分析来理解学生的个体差异并提供个性化的学习体验，同时说明了该平台在课堂教学中的应用及其在技术和未来发展方面的优势。
1．答案　Designed
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作状语；主语it和动词design之间为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词形式；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Designed。
2．答案　its
解析　考查代词。空处修饰名词core应用形容词性物主代词，意为“它的核心”。故填its。
3．答案　strengths
解析　考查名词复数。空处为名词形式作宾语；根据句意可知，此处strength意为“优势”，为可数名词，且根据下文的“and challenges”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填strengths。
4．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。空处修饰可数名词的单数形式improvement，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词average的发音以元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
5．答案　as
解析　考查固定短语。空处为固定短语：act as意为“充当，担当……”。故填as。
6．答案　to create
解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be used to do sth意为“被用来做某事”。故填to create。
7．答案　makes
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词。根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语ability为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
8．答案　fewer
解析　考查形容词比较级。空处为修饰名词resources应用形容词形式；根据句意和下文than可知，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填fewer。
9．答案　enabling
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示主句所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填enabling。
10．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。空处为非限制性定语从句的关系词；先行词为前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。(共106张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3
LEARNING
UNIT 9
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　长句难句分析
Part 3　语言知识梳理
Part 4　语法项目精讲
训练4
课文深度理解
悉篇章结构
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
strong connections
emotional
Childhood memories
for the
first time
fear
excitement
a photographic memory
amazing memories
natural
the sharpest loss
25
200 pieces of information
10,000 brain cells
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1.Who can remember the first 22,514 digits of pi(π)
A.Stephen Wiltshire.
B.Daniel Tammet.
C.Jemima Gryaznov.
D.Hermann Ebbinghaus.
√
2.When does the sharpest loss of memory occur
A.During the very early period after learning.
B.During the first three days after learning.
C.During the first week after learning.
D.During the first hour after learning.
√
3.Who has the best memory
A.George at the age of 16.
B.Miss Young at the age of 27.
C.Mr Yang at the age of 25.
D.Dr.Li at the age of 40.
√
4.Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from
A.Entertainment. B.Biology.
C.Health. D.Career.
√
We remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially 1. (emotion) connections.So it is important to connect something new with 2. we already know.Also，we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.
A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event many 3. (year) later，but no one has proved that there are people 4. really have photographic memories.So we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn when 5. (memorise) detailed learning materials.
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
emotional
what
years
who
memorising
According to Ebbinghaus，the sharpest 6. (lose) of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.Therefore，one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember 7. (be) to review the material 8. (periodical)，especially during the first day after learning.
Our memory reaches its full power 9. the age of 25.After this age，the brain starts to get smaller.By middle age，our memory is significantly 10. (bad) than when we were young.
loss
worse
is
periodically
at
返 回
长句难句分析
1.This is because when we experience things for first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or (excite).(P58，Para.1)
结构分析：本句是 句。because引导 从句；when引导___
从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
the
主从复合
表语
这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
间状语
excitement
时
2.A person a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or event many years later，but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic (memory).
(P58，Para.2)
结构分析：本句是but连接的 句。第二个分句中的that引导____
从句；who引导 从句，修饰 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
an
with
memories
并列复合
宾语
拥有照相记忆能力的人多年后仍旧可以记住某一张图片、某本书或者某一事件的每一个细节，但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照相记忆能力。
定语
people
3.This means timely review during this period，with a few revisits to what is learnt，can (significant) help us to remember the information.(P59，Para.3)
结构分析：本句是 句。句中timely review...can...是省略了____
的 从句；what引导 从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
significantly
主从复合
that
这意味着在这一阶段及时复习，多次回顾所学内容，可以极大地帮助我们记住这些内容。
宾语
宾语
4.Asking questions about what we learn also (help) with memorisation.(P60)
结构分析：本句是 句。what引导 从句；动名词短语Asking questions是句子的 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
helps
主从复合
宾语
主语
对所学内容提出问题也能帮助记忆。
返 回
5.Another (effect) technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be (easy) connected to things that are already known.(P60)
结构分析：本句是 句。so that引导 从句，该从句中，that引导 从句，修饰 。主句中的不定式短语to remember things作 ，修饰 ；不定式短语to group...together作
。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
easily
effective
主从复合
目的状语
定语
另外一个有效的记忆方法是给相似的内容或信息分类，这样这些内容能更容易与已有知识建立联系。
things
后置定语
technique
表语
语言知识梳理
1
arrangement
(1)His parents arranged a big surprise party his birthday，which made him excited.
(2)The company will arrange for a taxi (pick) you up at the airport.
for
·make arrangements for...为……做好安排
·arrange to do sth 安排做某事
arrange for为……做准备(安排)
arrange for sb/sth to do sth安排某人/物做某事
to pick
n.计划；安排(arrange v.安排；筹备；整理；排列；布置)
(3)(话题写作之旅游计划)强烈建议你事先做好旅行准备，尤其是你打算出国旅游的时候。
It is highly recommended that you _________________________
，especially when you plan to travel abroad.
写作佳句
(should)make travel
arrangements well in advance
2
excitement
(1)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)Seeing the boat by the river，all the children got .Then their teacher walked to them and told them the whole thing with .For everyone there，it was to get a boat in that situation.(excite)
excited
in excitement兴奋地
with excitement怀着激动的心情
to one’s excitement令某人兴奋的是
n.兴奋，激动(excite v.刺激；使……兴奋 exciting adj.使人兴奋的 excited adj.兴奋的)
excitement
exciting
(2)让他兴奋的是，他被派去那个地区学习一些新技艺。
① ，he was sent to that region to learn some new techniques.
② he was sent to that region to learn some new techniques.
③ he was sent to that region to learn some new techniques.
写作佳句
To his excitement
What made him excited was that
It excited him that
(3)他无法抑制自己的兴奋，跳上跳下，大声呼喊。
，he jumped up and down，shouting loudly.
Unable to contain his excitement
作为结果
3
as a result
·as a result of...因为；由于；作为……的结果
·result in导致；造成
result from由……引起
用result短语的适当形式填空
(1)He had a sudden headache. ，he wasn’t able to attend the party.
(2)He wasn’t able to attend the party his sudden headache.
(3)His sudden headache his not being able to attend the party.
(4)His not being able to attend the party his sudden headache.
As a result
as a result of
resulted in
resulted from
take one’s time别着急；慢慢来
take sth seriously重视某事；认真对待某事
take...for granted认为……理所当然
take...as...把……当作……
放轻松
4
take it easy
用take短语的适当形式填空
(1)When (face) with the difficulty，the child didn’t give up but managed to overcome it.
(2)—OK，I’ll fix your computer right now.
—Oh， .I’m in no hurry.
(3)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)We human beings normally ______________
oceans can supply us with limitless resources.As a result，we don’t ocean conservation .
faced
take your time
take it for
granted that
take
seriously
(4)(读后续写之动作描写)Sensing my nervousness，he rushed to me and patted me on the shoulder，whispering in a soft voice，
“ (放轻松)！”
写作佳句
Take it easy
(1)When remembering something new，try to connect it to our emotions.
(P60)
在记忆新事物时，试着把它和我们的情感联系起来。
(2)As most of us do not have amazing memories like them，when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.(P60)
大多数人并不具有他们那样惊人的记忆力，因此我们在尝试记学习内容的细节时，仅需把注意力放到概要方面，并对所学内容保持好奇。
状语从句的省略
5
在由while，when，if，as if，even if/though，though，although，until，once，unless等引导的状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be动词可同时省略。
结构分析：句(1)中When remembering something new和句(2)中when memorising detailed learning materials均为状语从句的省略。句(2)中as引导原因状语从句；what 引导宾语从句。
(1)When (face) with the difficulty，the child didn’t give up but managed to overcome it.
(2)Suddenly the old man stopped as if (look) for something.
faced
to look
(3)如果你采取的措施有效，保持下去。如果没有，那就换个策略。
If the steps you take are working，keep them up. ，take another look at other strategies.
(4)(2024·天津，书面表达)离开房间时记得关灯和风扇。
Remember to turn off lights and fans .
写作佳句
If not
when leaving a room
返 回
语法项目精讲
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成其后的题目。
(1)Everyone was surprised when Disney said (2)its film team members were remaking The Jungle Book.Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title，(3)it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.
(4)Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle until one day (5)Shere Khan the tiger returns and tries to drive him out of the jungle.
情境导读
In 1967，Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film，which is widely regarded as a classic.However，(6)its old age shows.(7)The new film uses much more advanced technology—(8)not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created.(9)Building the jungle environment on the computer was no easy job.It took more than 800 artists over a year to work on the project.(10)The Jungle Book lasts for about two hours but (11)there is enough tension and humour to hold your attention during the whole film.(12)Two hours seems very short when you’re having so much fun!
主谓一致是指 和 在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则： 原则，指主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，如_____
；意义一致原则，指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义一致，如 ；就近原则，指谓语动词的形式与最近的主语在人称和数上一致，如 和 。
语法一致
(1)，
(2)，(3)，(4)，(5)，(6)，(7)，(9)，(10)
主语
谓语
(12)
(8)
(11)
主谓一致
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主要遵循语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则：谓语动词的人称和数取决于主语的形式。
1.各种不同形式的主语
主语是一个单数名词、一个不可数名词、一个动名词短语、一个不定式短语或一个从句时，谓语多用单数形式；主语是复数名词，两个或两个以上动名词短语、不定式短语或从句时，谓语多用复数形式。
语法精讲
The results of the exam are to be announced soon.
考试结果将很快被公布。
His advice has been accepted.
他的建议已被接受。
Reading aloud is good for us to learn English.
大声朗读对我们学习英语有好处。
Bushwalking，fishing，horse riding，tennis，golf and sailing are all popular.
丛林徒步旅行、钓鱼、骑马、网球运动、高尔夫球运动和帆船运动都很受欢迎。
When we can go out freely has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候能自由出行还未决定。
注意：what引导的从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式；但若从句后的表语是复数形式或从句本身表示复数意义，谓语动词可用复数。
What are needed are more resources.所需要的是更多的资源。
2.后接介词短语等的主语
主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，like，but，except，including，in addition to，such as等，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词的人称和数根据主语的人称和数来确定。
The woman，together with her two children，says that it is hard to memorise the sentence.
这位女士，还有她的两个孩子，都说记住这个句子很难。
The students，together with their teacher，are going to have a picnic this weekend.
这些学生打算本周末同他们的老师一起去野餐。
3.不定代词作主语
主语是one，another，the other，either，each，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone，no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，谓语用单数形式。
Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth.
没有人确切地知道地球上有多少种植物和动物。
Nothing is more important than his career for him in the world.
对于他来说，这个世界上他的事业最重要。
4.常以复数形式出现的名词作主语
主语是glasses，shorts，shoes，gloves，scissors，trousers等复数名词时，谓语用复数形式。若其前有“pair/kind/type...＋of”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair，kind，type等的数一致。
The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.
裤子很合身。现在请试穿衬衫。
A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.
床底下放着一双鞋子。
5.定语从句中关系代词作主语
引导定语从句的关系代词who，which，that在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
我们看到了废弃的农场，这些农场是一百多年前建成的。
I turned around and glared at the person who was humming.
我转过身瞪着那个正在小声哼唱的人。
注意：“one of＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，先行词是该复数名词，从句的谓语动词用复数形式；而“the only one of＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，先行词是one，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
She is one of the persons who know that strange language.她是懂那门奇怪语言的人们中的一个。
She is the only one of the persons who knows that strange language.
她是那些人中唯一一个懂得那门奇怪语言的人。
二、意义一致原则：不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语意义上的数决定谓语动词的单复数。
1.谓语动词一般用单数的情况
(1)一些以-s结尾的表示学科的名词如maths，physics等表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Maths is one of the most important courses in middle schools.
数学是中学里最重要的课程之一。
(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
The United Nations is an organization of sovereign states.
联合国是主权国家组成的组织。
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer tells the story of a young boy’s adventures.
《汤姆·索亚历险记》讲述了一个小男孩的冒险故事。
(3)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
As a matter of fact，ten days is a long time for the old man.
事实上，十天对老人来说是很长的一段时间。
(4)并列主语“名词＋and＋名词”结构表示同一个人、同一件事或同一种概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A conductor and composer is sitting in the heart of the hall now.
一位指挥兼作曲家现在正坐在大厅的中央。
(5)当“each/every＋单数名词＋and＋单数名词”或“each/every＋单数名词＋and＋each/every＋单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl in this region likes to go swimming.
这个地区的每个男孩和女孩都喜欢去游泳。
(6)若and连接的两个名词是成套的物品且两者合用一个冠词，如a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等，其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A knife and fork is used for eating.
一副刀叉是用来吃饭的。
2.谓语动词一般用复数的情况
(1)表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The British police have only very limited powers.
英国警察的职权非常有限。
(2)“the＋形容词/过去分词”表示“一类人或事物”时，谓语动词用复数。
The injured were saved after the fire.
受伤的人在火灾后得救了。
3.其他情况
(1)集体名词如family，class，team等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示一个集体、强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分、强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
The whole family were unfamiliar with the new song.
全家人都不熟悉这首新歌。
The government has also invested money in cleaning the river.
政府也已经投资净化河水。
(2)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
About 30% of the residents have ignored the organiser’s proposal.
约30%的居民都没有理会这位组织者的建议。
(3)主语是deer，fish，sheep，means，series，species，works(工厂)，Chinese，Japanese等单复数同形的名词时，要视其意义来确定谓语动词用单数还是复数形式。
These steel works are moved to the suburbs.
这些钢铁厂被迁到了郊区。
The steel works lies in the east of the town.
这家钢铁厂位于城东。
(4)主语是不定代词all，some，any，neither，more，most以及the rest，half等时，若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；若指代复数可数名词，谓语用复数形式。
All of these processes are a form of natural evolution.
所有这些过程都是自然进化的一种。
All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
我们所需要的只是一小块地，在那里我们可以在一年的整个生长季节种植各种各样的果树。
注意：不定代词none指代复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数要看说话人脑中联想到的是单数还是复数概念。
None of the books are easy enough for us.这些书太难，不适合我们的水平。
None of these actions is either good or bad.这些行为都无所谓好坏。
若none指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
None of the milk is left.没有牛奶剩下了。
三、就近一致原则：谓语动词的人称和数取决于离它最近的主语。
1.由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
学生和老师都不知道这件事。
Not the residents but the founder is trying to promote the new policy.
不是居民们而是这位创始人在努力宣传新政策。
2.在here/there引起的倒装句中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.
给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
3.“many a＋单数名词”与“more than one＋单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示的是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，这是由名词的形式决定的。
Many a boy likes playing basketball.
许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Neither Mary nor I (be) interested in the new movie.
2.War and peace (be) a constant theme in history.
3.Three hours with your old friends (seem) to be a short time.
4.Many a person (be) injured in the accident yesterday.
5.The famous poet and writer (be) fond of folk songs，which surprises us all.
达标检测
am
is
seems
was
is
6.What I want an interesting book while what he expects two cups of coffee.(be)
7.The retired professor，together with his children，often (go) to the beach in summer.
8.A large amount of water in this river (pollute) by some plastic packagings in the past few years.
is
are
goes
has been polluted
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空
I want to introduce my class to you.My class 1. (be) very small and there 2. (be) only 20 students in it.Among us 3. (be) 11 boys and the others 4. (be) girls.All of us 5. (be) getting along well with each other.None of us 6. (have) quarrelled with each other.
Every boy and every girl 7. (help) each other in every subject，so nobody 8. (fail) in any exam.Our headmaster often 9. (praise) us for our helping each other.Every weekend，there 10. (be) a meeting，which our headmaster，together with five of us,11. (attend) to discuss how to make our class better.
Such 12. (be) our class，a happy and friendly family.
is
are
are
are
are
have
helps
fails
praises
is
attends
is
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.More than one student .
不止一个学生以前犯过这样的错误。
2.“In front of the hotel ，” the guide said.
“在旅馆前面矗立着一棵大树。”导游说。
3.It was the students，rather than the teacher，who _________________
that day.
那天是学生们，而不是老师，愿意去野餐。
has made such a mistake before
stands a tall tree
were willing to go on
a picnic
4.Nobody but those invited by Dr Li _______________________________
.
除了李医生邀请的人以外，谁也不许进入病房。
5.What he wants on how to learn English，while what she looks forward to .
他想要的是一些关于如何学习英语的建议，而她期待的是一些英语词典。
返 回
is allowed to enter the patient’s
room
is some advice
are some English dictionaries
训练4
1.If you ignore your teacher’s advice，it may result failure to improve your grades.
2.I was honoured to meet the famous scientist，and excitement，I asked him for advice on my research project.
3.To my (excite)，my youngest son came up with an excellent proposal.
4.The performer’s experiences contrast (sharp) with those of other performers.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
in
with
excitement
sharply
5.When (enjoy) the meal，try to memorise these basic table manners to feel more confident.
6.All you can do is do your best each day and when something odd happens，take easy and handle it effectively.
7.Moreover，but for your (time) help，I would have been hurt during surfing.
8.The student took notes carefully，and a result，her memory stayed sharp during exams.
enjoying
it
timely
as
9.I recommend you should make detailed (arrange) before you brush up on what you’ve learned.
10.It’s when those negative moments control your life that your ________
(emotion) balance is at risk.
arrangements
emotional
1.听说你要去中国参加夏令营，我很高兴。(状语从句的省略)
in China，I’m glad.
2.在这两个选择中，我强烈建议你选择学习唐诗。(recommend)
Of the two options，_____________________________________________
.
3.学习唐诗可以帮助你更深入地了解中国的语言和历史。(动名词短语作主语)
a deeper insight into Chinese language and history.
When hearing you’re going to attend summer camps
Ⅱ.单句写作(推荐在夏令营学习唐诗)
learn Tang poems
I strongly recommend that you (should) choose to
Learning Tang poems will help you have
4.唐诗在中国文学中享有很高的声誉(reputation)，深受中国人民的喜爱。(主谓一致)
Tang Poems in Chinese literature，and _____
Chinese people.
5.如果你为夏令营做好安排，你会对中国文化有更好的了解。(arrangement)
If you ，you will acquire a better understanding of Chinese culture.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
enjoy a high reputation
are
popular with
make arrangements for your summer camp
参考范文
Dear Daniel，
When hearing you’re going to attend summer camps in China，I’m glad and extend my warm welcome to you.Of the two options，I strongly recommend that you choose to learn Tang poems.
As a keen lover for Chinese culture，learning Tang poems will help you have a deeper insight into Chinese language and history.In addition，Tang Poems enjoy a high reputation in Chinese literature，and are popular with Chinese people.By participating in this camp，not only can you get a glimpse of profound Chinese history but you can also experience a wonderful journey in the world of Chinese poems.If you make arrangements for your summer camp，you will acquire a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Hopefully，you’ll enjoy your summer camp.Looking forward to meeting you in China.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
A
It’s summer，and school-aged kids are finding all kinds of ways to have fun，from a trip to the pool or playground to playing games with smart phones.As a result，they are also forgetting some of what they learned in school，a phenomenon called “summer slide”.Fortunately，summer slide can be prevented with just a little regular practice of fun.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“暑期滑坡”现象以及防止“暑期滑坡”的方法。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Encourage reading every day.Make a special event out of a trip to the public library，and let your kids pick out whatever interests them.Give your kids a special treat for every book they finish.Help them set up a reading corner in their room that’s quiet，comfortable and free of various electronic distractions.Best of all，give them the gift of your own example as an enthusiastic reader.
Another way to make reading fun is to share a poem together.Poems by writers like Dr.Seuss，Shel Silverstein and Maurice Sendak are fun to read aloud，and often have a strong sense of humor that attracts children.Take turns reading them aloud to each other，talk about what they mean，and see if you can memorize your favorites.Then have a contest to see who can write the best poem.
Summer is a great time to visit a learning place together.Children’s museums are specially designed to make learning fun and enjoyable for kids and let them practice essential skills.Or just take a walk together on one of our many nature paths，where your children can use their reading skills to learn about the plants，animals and geology around them.And of course，don’t forget the special programs offered by many local public libraries，along with many other learning materials for kids of all ages.
1.Which of the following can be named “summer slide”？
A.Having no idea how to play computer games.
B.Forgetting how to organize a camping activity.
C.Failing to know how to go swimming in a pool.
D.Not remembering how to do a chemistry experiment in the lab.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As a result，they are also forgetting some of what they learned in school，a phenomenon called ‘summer slide’.”可知，学生们在暑假期间忘记了他们在学校学到的一些东西的现象被称为“暑期滑坡”。由此推知，“不记得如何在实验室做化学实验”可以被称为“暑期滑坡”。故选D。
解析
2.What’s the best way to keep your children reading
A.Taking them to libraries often.
B.Being an enthusiastic reader yourself.
C.Setting a reading corner in their room.
D.Giving them a treat to encourage reading.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Best of all，give them the gift of your own example as an enthusiastic reader.”可知，以身作则，作为热情的读者给孩子树立榜样是最好的方法。故选B。
解析
3.What do we know about the poems mentioned in paragraph 3
A.They are easy to read aloud.
B.They can be memorized by children.
C.They are suitable for both adults and children.
D.They attract children with their sense of humor.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Poems by writers like Dr.Seuss，Shel Silverstein and Maurice Sendak are fun to read aloud，and often have a strong sense of humor that attracts children.”可知，第三段提到的这些诗歌以其幽默感吸引孩子。故选D。
解析
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The cause of summer slide.
B.Fun ways to prevent summer slide.
C.Ways to keep children active in summer.
D.The effects of summer slide on children.
√
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Fortunately，summer slide can be prevented with just a little regular practice of fun.”及全文内容可知，文章主要提供了几种防止“暑期滑坡”的有趣的方法。故选B。
解析
B
Since our earliest school days，we have generally accepted the idea that some people learn faster than others.However，according to a new study，we actually learn at very similar rates given the same opportunities.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，在相同的机会下，学习者实际的学习速度非常相似，学习成绩的差距受到学习起点、学习机会和获得机会的影响，而不是学习速度。
Researchers looked at 1.3 million “student interactions” across a variety of learning software tools used by 6,946 learners，ranging from late elementary students to college students.The gathered statistics(统计数字) covered a variety of learning tasks.
The data showed that academic performance gaps come from differences in the starting point of learning，the learning opportunity and access to such opportunity，rather than any learning rate.“This further confirms that educational technologies can provide favorable learning conditions that make it easier to learn something new，like a second language，” says Ken Koedinger，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania.
“We have all seen cases where somebody gets to a learning outcome sooner than a peer，” says Koedinger.“But what we don’t usually track is where they started.Our results are not contradicting(相矛盾) that people end up in different places，but accounting for the fact that where students are starting from can tell us a lot about where they will end up.”
The team suggests that our brains can take different “mental routes” to learn something，which means our learning rates aren’t too different.Given the same opportunities，we can all get to the same point in the way that best suits our experiences and knowledge.
This is useful in figuring out the best ways to pass on knowledge.Though many factors work together when it comes to learning，the researchers want to emphasize that we’re all capable of learning.
“No matter who you are，you can make it，” says scientist Paulo Carvalho from Carnegie Mellon University.“You might have had fewer previous opportunities in your life，so it may be harder at first than it is for other people.But you will make just as much progress as anyone else as long as you hold on to your learning.”
5.How did the researchers carry out their study
A.By doing online surveys.
B.By introducing a concept.
C.By collecting data on learners.
D.By conducting experiments.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段可知，研究者通过收集学习软件工具上学习者的数据来进行研究。故选C。
解析
6.Which of the following could cause academic performance gaps according to the study
A.The learning rate.
B.The learning outcome.
C.The learning task.
D.The learning opportunity.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The data showed that academic performance gaps come from differences in the starting point of learning，the learning opportunity and access to such opportunity，rather than any learning rate.”可知，该研究发现学习机会的不同是导致学习成绩差距的原因之一。故选D。
解析
7.What are we supposed to do according to the new study
A.Stick to our learning goals wherever we start.
B.Take different routes to learn something new.
C.Try every means to increase our learning rate.
D.Seek learning opportunities at a very young age.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You might have had fewer previous opportunities in your life，so it may be harder at first than it is for other people.But you will make just as much progress as anyone else as long as you hold on to your learning.”可知，虽然之前机会少会导致一开始学习比较难，但是只要坚持学习就可以取得同样的进步。因此，无论从哪里开始，我们都应该坚持我们的学习目标。故选A。
解析
8.What is the best title for the text
A.How Can You Learn Something Faster
B.What Is Behind Your Academic Success
C.Why Is the Achievement Gap Growing
D.Where Is Our Starting Point of Learning
√
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明学习成绩的差距受到学习起点、学习机会和获得机会的影响，而不是学习速度，如果有相同的机会，学习者实际的学习速度非常相似。因此，文章揭示了影响学习者学习成绩的因素，B项“你学业成功的背后是什么？”概括了文章大意。故选B。
解析
The Reasons for Student Burnout
Student burnout can show itself in many ways，
Ⅳ.七选五
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了引起学生倦怠的原因以及父母可以如何帮助孩子解决倦怠。
from being tired all the time to not feeling like doing anything. 1
A.What causes student burnout
B.Parents can help their children.
C.Students are benefiting from it.
D.Learning problems can also cause student burnout.
E.Many students come from families that are under stress.
F.They also want to see students who do volunteer work and play sports.
G.Too much workout can also result in learning problems among students.
√
上文“Student burnout can show itself in many ways，from being tired all the time to not feeling like doing anything.”提到学生倦怠的表现，下文“Overscheduling can lead to burnout.”讲述学生倦怠的原因，A项“是什么导致了学生倦怠？”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
解析
Overscheduling can lead to burnout.Students today are too stressed about their grades to enjoy their childhood.Yet，colleges often want more than just good grades. 2 After school，students are sent to soccer practice or ballet.The more they ran around to different activities，the less time they have to themselves.
A.What causes student burnout
B.Parents can help their children.
C.Students are benefiting from it.
D.Learning problems can also cause student burnout.
E.Many students come from families that are under stress.
F.They also want to see students who do volunteer work and play sports.
G.Too much workout can also result in learning problems among students.
√
根据上文“Yet，colleges often want more than just good grades.”可知，空处应是承接上文，说明大学还看重学生哪些方面，F项“他们还想看到做志愿者工作和参加体育运动的学生”符合语境，其中also want也是提示，跟上文的want相吻合。故选F。
解析
3 Students who suffer from learning problems get extra help at school through tutors and extra classes.However，these students quickly become too anxious about their schoolwork to do well.This is because they still go to regular classes.In those classes，they have to keep asking for help.The more the students need to ask for help，the less confidence they have in themselves at school.
A.What causes student burnout
B.Parents can help their children.
C.Students are benefiting from it.
D.Learning problems can also cause student burnout.
E.Many students come from families that are under stress.
F.They also want to see students who do volunteer work and play sports.
G.Too much workout can also result in learning problems among students.
√
空处是本段主题句，根据本段中“Students who suffer from learning problems get extra help at school through tutors and extra classes.However，these students quickly become too anxious about their schoolwork to do well.”可知，本段是说学习问题会导致倦怠，D项“学习问题也会导致学生倦怠”符合语境，故选D。
解析
Finally，stress at home causes burnout. 4 Or their parents may work a lot，so the students must help clean the home.They might also have a part-time job and are working too much to study well.The more they work outside of school，the less time they have to focus on grades.
A.What causes student burnout
B.Parents can help their children.
C.Students are benefiting from it.
D.Learning problems can also cause student burnout.
E.Many students come from families that are under stress.
F.They also want to see students who do volunteer work and play sports.
G.Too much workout can also result in learning problems among students.
√
根据本段主题句“Finally，stress at home causes burnout.”和空后“Or their parents may work a lot，so the students must help clean the home.”可知，本段是关于家庭压力导致的倦怠，E项“许多学生来自压力很大的家庭”符合本段主题，和下文都是说明学生的家庭压力，故选E。
解析
Overscheduling，learning problems，and stress at home are harmful and can cause student burnout. 5 Make sure they are not overscheduled.Talk to teachers about their learning problems.And don’t let them work too many hours outside of school.
A.What causes student burnout
B.Parents can help their children.
C.Students are benefiting from it.
D.Learning problems can also cause student burnout.
E.Many students come from families that are under stress.
F.They also want to see students who do volunteer work and play sports.
G.Too much workout can also result in learning problems among students.
√
前文“Overscheduling，learning problems，and stress at home are harmful and can cause student burnout.”提到三个因素都会导致学生倦怠，下文描述父母对此可以采取的具体措施，B项“父母可以帮助他们的孩子”是对下文措施的概括，符合语境，故选B。
解析
DeepSeek，an advanced AI-powered learning platform，is changing how students and teachers approach education.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DeepSeek这一先进的人工智能学习平台，阐述了其如何通过深度学习算法和大数据分析来理解学生的个体差异并提供个性化的学习体验，同时说明了该平台在课堂教学中的应用及其在技术和未来发展方面的优势。
Ⅴ.语法填空
1. (design) to be both intelligent and accessible，it uses cutting-edge technology to provide personalized learning experiences.
考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作状语；主语it和动词design之间为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词形式；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Designed。
解析
Designed
At 2. (it) core，DeepSeek uses deep learning algorithms and big data analysis to understand individual students’ 3. (strength) and challenges.
its
2.考查代词。空处修饰名词core应用形容词性物主代词，意为“它的核心”。故填its。
3.考查名词复数。空处为名词形式作宾语；根据句意可知，此处strength意为“优势”，为可数名词，且根据下文的“and challenges”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填strengths。
解析
strengths
In one notable case，schools using DeepSeek reported 4. average academic improvement of 25% among students.
考查冠词。空处修饰可数名词的单数形式improvement，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词average的发音以元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
解析
an
In the classroom，DeepSeek acts 5. a useful tool.It can be used by teachers 6. (create) lesson plans，solve complex equations，or even simulate scientific experiments.
as
5.考查固定短语。空处为固定短语：act as意为“充当，担当……”。故填as。
6.考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be used to do sth意为“被用来做某事”。故填to create。
解析
to create
Students，meanwhile，benefit from instant feedback on assignments.Its ability to generate creative writing ideas 7. (make) learning engaging and interactive.
考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词。根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语ability为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
解析
makes
Technologically，DeepSeek stands out for its open-source approach and cost-efficiency.Unlike many AI models，it is freely accessible and requires significantly 8. (few) resources to run than before.Its developers have also pioneered the use of reinforcement learning,
9.__________(enable) the AI to improve its reasoning skills through trial and error.
fewer
8.考查形容词比较级。空处为修饰名词resources应用形容词形式；根据句意和下文than可知，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填fewer。
9.考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示主句所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填enabling。
解析
enabling
Looking ahead，DeepSeek aims to further integrate with educational systems worldwide,10.______ will offer support for languages，coding，and even advanced research projects.As AI continues to evolve，tools like DeepSeek promise to make learning more inclusive and effective for students everywhere.
which
考查定语从句。空处为非限制性定语从句的关系词；先行词为前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
解析
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