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动词和动词短语
课堂讲解及答案
人教2026中考二轮复习 语法基础
考点一　动词的基本形式
1.动词的基本形式
考点精讲
基本形式 变化规则 示例
动词原形 基本的,无变化的形式 draw, write
第三人称 单数形式 一般在词尾直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks
基本形式 变化规则 示例
第三人称 单数形式 以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变成 i,再加-es cry→cries, carry→carries
动词的 -ing形式 一般在词尾直接加-ing sleep→sleeping, cook→cooking
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing live→living, take→taking
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后加-ing put→putting, begin→beginning
少数以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying
过去式和 过去分词 一般在词尾直接加-ed rush→rushed, want→wanted
以不发音的e结尾的动词,词末直接加-d live→lived, promise→promised
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写结尾的辅音字母,后加-ed shop→shopped, plan→planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied
不规则变化的动词要逐个记忆 见下表
2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词表
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形) cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 砍;切
hit hit hit 撞击
hurt hurt hurt 使……疼痛;伤害
let let let 让
put put put 放
read read read 读
spread spread spread 伸展;传播
AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形) beat beat beaten 敲打;击败
ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形) become became become 变成
come came come 来
run ran run 跑
ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形) build built built 建造
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt 燃烧
catch caught caught 抓住
dig dug dug 挖
feel felt felt 感觉
get got got/gotten 得到
hang hung hung 悬挂
hold held held 拥有;抓住
keep kept kept 保持
lay laid laid 下蛋;放置
leave left left 离开;留下
learn learned/ learnt learned/ learnt 学习
lend lent lent 借出
lose lost lost 丢失
mean meant meant 意思是
meet met met 遇见
send sent sent 发送
shine shone shone 照耀
sit sat sat 坐
sleep slept slept 睡觉
spend spent spent 花费
win won won 赢
buy bought bought 买
bring brought brought 带来
feed fed fed 喂养
fight fought fought 打架;战斗
find found found 找到
have had had 有
hear heard heard 听见
make made made 制造
say said said 说
sell sold sold 卖
stand stood stood 站立
stick stuck stuck 粘贴
smell smelled/ smelt smelled/ smelt 闻到
spell spelled/ spelt spelled/ spelt 拼写
tell told told 告诉
think thought thought 想
understand understood understood 明白
ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形) be(am/ is/are) was/were been 是
begin began begun 开始
blow blew blown 吹
break broke broken 打破
choose chose chosen 选择
do did done 做
draw drew drawn 画
drink drank drunk 喝
drive drove driven 驾驶
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
fly flew flown 飞
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
freeze froze frozen (使)结冰
give gave given 给
go went gone 去
grow grew grown 生长
hide hid hidden 躲藏
know knew known 知道
lie lay lain 躺;位于
mistake mistook mistaken 弄错
ring rang rung 铃响
ride rode ridden 骑
rise rose risen 升高
see saw seen 看见
show showed shown 展示;
给……看
sing sang sung 唱
speak spoke spoken 说
swim swam swum 游泳
take took taken 取
throw threw thrown 扔
wake woke woken 睡醒
wear wore worn 穿
write wrote written 写出
考点二　动词的分类
1.实义动词
　　实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
类别 含义 示例 例句
及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整 love, need, ask, want, have, play Jane usually plays the piano on Saturdays.
不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无须接宾语 happen, come, run, work　 Nobody knows what will happen next.
2.助动词
助动词本身无意,不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等。
助动词 句法功能 例句
be动词 (am, is, are)/ (was, were) 构成现在进行时 It is raining hard outside.
构成过去进行时 The baby was sleeping when his father came back.
构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here.
do/does/ did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you
代替主要动词(短语) I don’t like eating noodles, but my brother does.
have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long time.
will/shall 构成将来时 He will visit his friends from America tomorrow.
3.系动词
系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。
类别 示例 例句
表示状态的系动词 be(是), seem(似乎) My father is a teacher.
表示持续的系动词 keep, remain, stay(保持), lie(处于……状态) My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy.
感官系动词 look(看起来), sound(听起来), feel(感觉), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来) The new cloth feels smooth and soft.
表示状态变化的系动词 become, get, turn, go, grow(变得) In spring, trees begin to turn green.
4.情态动词
情态动词不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形一起构成谓语,大多无人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有:can/could, may/might, will/would, must, need, have to, should等。
分类 用法 例句
can与 could ①两者意为“能够;可以”;could是can的过去式 ②两者都可用于请求 ③can’t可以表示否定推测,意为“一定不是” ·Could you please move the desk
请你移一下桌子好吗
·That can’t be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Beijing.
那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。(推测)
may与 might 两者都用于推测,意为“可能;可以”; might的语气较为委婉 ·May I borrow some money now
现在我可以借点钱吗
·He might be alive.他可能还活着。
must ①意为“必须”,表示说话人的主观意愿。其否定形式为mustn’t,意为“禁止;不准;不许” ②用于肯定推测,意为“一定” ·I must finish my work today.
我今天必须完成我的工作。
·That book must be Peter’s.His name is on the cover.
那本书一定是彼得的,他的名字在封面上。(表推测)
·You mustn’t drive after drinking.
你酒后一定不要驾车。
shall与 should ①shall 常用于第一人称,表示提建议或请求 ②should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,强调义务或责任,也可以表示劝告或建议 ·Shall we go out for a walk
我们出去散步好吗 (提建议)
·You should learn to be independent.
你应该学会独立。(劝告)
will与 would ①will用于第二人称疑问句时,表示请求或提建议等 ②would为will的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿 ·Will you send this letter for me, please
能请你替我把这封信寄出去吗
(请求)
·Would you like to go shopping with me
你愿意和我去购物吗 (意愿)
need need作情态动词时,意为“需要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必” ·She needn’t go there right now.
她现在没必要去那里。
·—Need I come 我需要来吗
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须来。
考点三　动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
初中阶段常用短语:
动词 动词短语及意义
look look for寻找;look after照顾;look over检查;look forward to期望,盼望;look at看着;look up抬头看,查找;look out当心;look like看起来像;look the same看起来一样;look through浏览
put put off推迟;put on 穿上,上演,增加(体重);put away 把……暂时收起来;put out扑灭;put off推迟;put back放回;put up 举起,建造,张贴;put sth.to good use好好利用某物
turn turn on打开;turn off关掉;turn up把音量开大一点;turn down把音量开小一点;turn to朝向;turn into变成;turn over翻开,翻转;turn...into...把……变成……
get get on/along (well) with与某人相处(融洽);get up起床;get on上车(船、飞机、马);get off下车(船、飞机、马);get away离开,逃脱;get in the way of挡……的路,妨碍;get into陷入,进入;get out (of)(从……)出来;get to到达;get together聚会;get married结婚;get used to习惯于;get mad大动肝火,气愤
take take off(飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣服);take in吸入,吞入(体内);take away拿走;take down拆除,往下拽,记录;take after(外貌或行为)像;take breaks休息;take care of照顾;take risks冒险;take up占据(时间、空间),开始从事,拿起;take action采取行动;take place发生;take part in参加;take pride in为……感到自豪
go go over温习,复习;go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营;go into走进;go out出去,熄灭;go away走开;go back回去,回顾;go up上升,攀登;go by时间流逝,从旁经过;go down下降,下沉;go for为……而去;go on继续;go through经历;go to school/work去上学/上班;go home回家;go to the doctor去看医生
come come along一道来;come in进来;come into进入;come out出来,出版;come from来自;come back回来;come across偶然遇到;come over过来;come home回家;come on快点,跟着来,加油;come up with想出(主意、计划等)
give give up放弃;give off放出,发出(气体、气味、光、热等); give out分发,散发;give away赠送,捐赠;give in屈服,让步,投降;give...a lift捎……一程
make make a decision做出决定;make sb.do sth.让某人做某事;make a mistake犯错误;make progress取得进步;make friends with与……交朋友;make up编造,组成;make a face做鬼脸;make an effort做出努力;make sure确保;make a difference影响,有作用;make one’s way前往,费力地前进
be be friendly/kind to对……友好;be different from与……不同;be afraid of害怕;be popular with受……欢迎;be interested in对……感兴趣;be strict with对某人严格;be strict in对某事严格;be famous/known as作为……出名;be famous/known for因……著名;be surprised at对……惊讶;be pleased with对……满意;be proud of对……感到自豪;be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌;be thankful to对某人感激;be good for对……有好处;be good at擅长……;be made up of由……构成;be angry with对某人生气
命题方向1　动词词义辨析
1.(2025·衢州市一模第58题)I really want to ______(打败) him at something but never succeeded.
2.(2025·湖州市一模第63题)This matter ________(传播) quickly in the village.
3.Tom was so tired that he _____(躺) down on the bed and fell asleep soon.
考点精练
　beat　
　spread　
　lay　
4.—Who is __________(敲) at the door
—Maybe it’s the postman.
5.I can’t ________(负担得起) to attend the concert because the tickets are too expensive.
6.She listens to the sound and _________(猜测) that it’s a bird singing in the distance.
7.At the Mid-Autumn Festival, families get together to ________ (欣赏) the moon and share mooncakes.
　knocking　
　afford　
　guesses　
　admire　
8.A true friend always __________(支持) you whenever you are in trouble.
9.He is __________(思考) about how to spend his lucky money during the winter vacation.
10.The man didn’t _________(认识到) the importance of health until he got seriously ill.
　supports　
　thinking　
　realize　
命题方向2　情态动词
用适当的情态动词(否定形式)填空。
11.—Is that red schoolbag Mary’s
—It _______ be hers. Hers is black and yellow.
12.—Who is singing in the next room
—It ___________ be Lisa, but I’m not sure.
13.David, _______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash
　can’t　
　may/might　
　could　
14.Since you live in the same house, you ________ share some housework.
15.The magazine ______ be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover.
16.—Dad, could I hang out with Lucy this Saturday
—Of course you _____. Just take care of yourselves.
17.When I was five years old, I _______ ride a bike by myself.
　should　
　must　
　can　
　could　
18.—I hear you have a robot in your home.
—Yes, it’s amazing. It _____ do all the housework.
19.My parents have made a strict rule for me. I ______ finish my homework before I can go out to play.
20.I looked up the telephone book, but __________ find her number.
　can　
　must　
　couldn’t　
命题方向3　动词短语辨析
21.(2025·杭州市余杭区一模第54题改编)When the day comes, the warm weather wakes _____ all the living things on the sleeping earth.
　up　
22.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
take up　give up　deal with
turn off　make sure
(1)Frank ____________ the lights and left the room.
(2)I believe he can ___________ such a situation because I taught him before.
(3)The boys _________ singing when they were in Grade 7.
　turned off　
　deal with　
　took up　
(4)The doctor told the man that he must _________ smoking.
(5)The worker checked the machine carefully to ___________ that everything was all right.
　give up　
　make sure　
23.根据中文提示完成句子
(1)The competitors are in Beijing to _____________(为……做准备) the World Championship.
(2)A terrible storm was coming, so the plane couldn’t _________ (起飞).
(3)The young boy’s face ____________(变红) when he heard what the teacher said.
　prepare for　
　take off　
　turned red　
(4)After forty minutes, Ewa ___________(醒来), then she continued to write the letter.
(5)Frank __________(从……上掉下) the bike and hurt his left foot.
　woke up　
　fell off　
(一)
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空
would rather　hear from　exercise　change　compare　must　seem　can’t　put on　protect
1.Jack liked to eat junk food and never ___________.
2.I always stand out as the tallest one in my class, but sometimes I ______________ be short.
3.He made up his mind to ________ his unhealthy living habits.
　exercised　
　would rather　
　change　
4.The teacher asked us to ___________ the first picture with the second one to find out their differences.
5.I am glad to ___________ Mr.Smith, a reporter from the local newspaper.
6.It _________ that it is going to rain soon. Look at the black clouds!
7.Mothers always try their best to _________ their children from danger.
　compare　
　hear from　
　seems　
　protect　
8.The book _______ be Alice’s. Hers is on the desk.
9.I have ___________ five pounds since I came back to my hometown.
10.My friend Jim is down. I ______ do something to cheer him up.
　can’t　
　put on　
　must　
(二)
用适当的词(组)完成短文
It is said that doing volunteer work through school or community groups will do good to the health of kids. Experts 1.______________(做调查) among the parents of about 50,000 kids aged 6 to 17 in the United States and 2._______ (find) that kids who 3.______________(参加) community service were 34% more likely to be in very good physical health than those who
　did a survey　
　found　
　took part in　
didn’t. And those who 4._______________(自愿做) were 66% more likely to be doing well in general. Kids aged 12 and older who volunteered 5.________(是) 25% less likely to have anxiety
(焦虑) than those who didn’t.
　volunteered　
　were　
Passage 1
can　live　raise　hold　water
As you can see, these paintings show people, animals and things used in festival celebrations. Some pictures have a central human figure shaped like a frog—an animal usually 1.______ near the water, with a group of people around him. Sometimes they 2.______ knives or swords, and other times they carry
综合提能
　lives
　hold　
drums while wearing tiger-shaped hats. Anyway, most human figures 3._______ their arms high on both sides just like frogs. Why so many frogs It is said that the ancient local people might have thought frogs could call rain to 4._______ their fields. Now it’s free time. You 5._____ walk around and take some photos.
　raise　
　water　
　can　
Passage 2
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa, one of the most famous paintings of all time, in 1503. He 1._______ (work) on a special painting for a church at the time, but it was not going well. The woman who can be seen in the Mona Lisa 2.____________(say) to be Madonna Lisa del Giocondo. She 3.______(be) the wife of an Italian businessman. Her husband asked da Vinci to paint a portrait(肖像) of her.
　worked
　was said　
　was　
After da Vinci 4.__________(finish) the painting in 1506, he was invited by the French King to visit France. So he 5.________ (take) the painting with him. Today the Mona Lisa is kept in the Louvre, an art museum in Paris, and it is seen by about six million visitors a year. In 1911, Vincenzo Peruggia, a worker at the Louvre, 6._______(steal) the painting. He took it out of the museum by hiding it under his coat. Two years later, police officers 7._______(find) the painting when he tried to sell it.
　finished　
　took　
　stole　
　found　
In 1962, the Mona Lisa was taken to Washington and New York for artwork shows. For the journey, the museum 8.__________(want) to insure(给……投保) the painting. The insurance company 9._____(set) the value of it at 100 million dollars, making it the most valuable painting ever! Today, the value of the painting would 10._____(be) over 700 million dollars.
　wanted　
　set　
　be　
Thanks!
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【2026中考二轮复习 语法基础 】动词和动词短语 课堂讲解
考点精讲
考点一　动词的基本形式
1.动词的基本形式
基本形式 变化规则 示例
动词原形 基本的,无变化的形式 draw, write
第三人称 单数形式 一般在词尾直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks
以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变成 i,再加-es cry→cries, carry→carries
动词的 -ing形式 一般在词尾直接加-ing sleep→sleeping, cook→cooking
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing live→living, take→taking
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后加-ing put→putting, begin→beginning
少数以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying
过去式和 过去分词 一般在词尾直接加-ed rush→rushed, want→wanted
以不发音的e结尾的动词,词末直接加-d live→lived, promise→promised
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写结尾的辅音字母,后加-ed shop→shopped, plan→planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied
不规则变化的动词要逐个记忆 见下表
2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词表
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 释义
AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 砍;切
hit hit hit 撞击
hurt hurt hurt 使……疼痛;伤害
let let let 让
put put put 放
read read read 读
spread spread spread 伸展;传播
AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat beat beaten 敲打;击败
ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become became become 变成
come came come 来
run ran run 跑
ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
build built built 建造
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt 燃烧
catch caught caught 抓住
dig dug dug 挖
feel felt felt 感觉
get got got/gotten 得到
hang hung hung 悬挂
hold held held 拥有;抓住
keep kept kept 保持
lay laid laid 下蛋;放置
leave left left 离开;留下
learn learned/ learnt learned/ learnt 学习
lend lent lent 借出
lose lost lost 丢失
mean meant meant 意思是
meet met met 遇见
send sent sent 发送
shine shone shone 照耀
sit sat sat 坐
sleep slept slept 睡觉
spend spent spent 花费
win won won 赢
buy bought bought 买
bring brought brought 带来
feed fed fed 喂养
fight fought fought 打架;战斗
find found found 找到
have had had 有
hear heard heard 听见
make made made 制造
say said said 说
sell sold sold 卖
stand stood stood 站立
stick stuck stuck 粘贴
smell smelled/ smelt smelled/ smelt 闻到
spell spelled/ spelt spelled/ spelt 拼写
tell told told 告诉
think thought thought 想
understand understood understood 明白
ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
be(am/ is/are) was/were been 是
begin began begun 开始
blow blew blown 吹
break broke broken 打破
choose chose chosen 选择
do did done 做
draw drew drawn 画
drink drank drunk 喝
drive drove driven 驾驶
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
fly flew flown 飞
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
freeze froze frozen (使)结冰
give gave given 给
go went gone 去
grow grew grown 生长
hide hid hidden 躲藏
know knew known 知道
lie lay lain 躺;位于
mistake mistook mistaken 弄错
ring rang rung 铃响
ride rode ridden 骑
rise rose risen 升高
see saw seen 看见
show showed shown 展示; 给……看
sing sang sung 唱
speak spoke spoken 说
swim swam swum 游泳
take took taken 取
throw threw thrown 扔
wake woke woken 睡醒
wear wore worn 穿
write wrote written 写出
考点二　动词的分类
1.实义动词
实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
类别 含义 示例 例句
及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整 love, need, ask, want, have, play Jane usually plays the piano on Saturdays.
不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无须接宾语 happen, come, run, work　 Nobody knows what will happen next.
2.助动词
助动词本身无意,不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等。
助动词 句法功能 例句
be动词 (am, is, are)/ (was, were) 构成现在进行时 It is raining hard outside.
构成过去进行时 The baby was sleeping when his father came back.
构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here.
do/does/ did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you
代替主要动词(短语) I don’t like eating noodles, but my brother does.
have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long time.
will/shall 构成将来时 He will visit his friends from America tomorrow.
3.系动词
系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。
类别 示例 例句
表示状态的系动词 be(是), seem(似乎) My father is a teacher.
表示持续的系动词 keep, remain, stay(保持), lie(处于……状态) My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy.
感官系动词 look(看起来), sound(听起来), feel(感觉), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来) The new cloth feels smooth and soft.
表示状态变化的系动词 become, get, turn, go, grow(变得) In spring, trees begin to turn green.
4.情态动词
情态动词不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形一起构成谓语,大多无人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有:can/could, may/might, will/would, must, need, have to, should等。
分类 用法 例句
can与 could ①两者意为“能够;可以”;could是can的过去式 ②两者都可用于请求 ③can’t可以表示否定推测,意为“一定不是” ·Could you please move the desk 请你移一下桌子好吗 ·That can’t be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。(推测)
may与 might 两者都用于推测,意为“可能;可以”; might的语气较为委婉 ·May I borrow some money now 现在我可以借点钱吗 ·He might be alive.他可能还活着。
must ①意为“必须”,表示说话人的主观意愿。其否定形式为mustn’t,意为“禁止;不准;不许” ②用于肯定推测,意为“一定” ·I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。 ·That book must be Peter’s.His name is on the cover. 那本书一定是彼得的,他的名字在封面上。(表推测) ·You mustn’t drive after drinking. 你酒后一定不要驾车。
shall与 should ①shall 常用于第一人称,表示提建议或请求 ②should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,强调义务或责任,也可以表示劝告或建议 ·Shall we go out for a walk 我们出去散步好吗 (提建议) ·You should learn to be independent. 你应该学会独立。(劝告)
will与 would ①will用于第二人称疑问句时,表示请求或提建议等 ②would为will的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿 ·Will you send this letter for me, please 能请你替我把这封信寄出去吗 (请求) ·Would you like to go shopping with me 你愿意和我去购物吗 (意愿)
need need作情态动词时,意为“需要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必” ·She needn’t go there right now. 她现在没必要去那里。 ·—Need I come 我需要来吗 —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须来。
考点三　动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
初中阶段常用短语:
动词 动词短语及意义
look look for寻找;look after照顾;look over检查;look forward to期望,盼望;look at看着;look up抬头看,查找;look out当心;look like看起来像;look the same看起来一样;look through浏览
put put off推迟;put on 穿上,上演,增加(体重);put away 把……暂时收起来;put out扑灭;put off推迟;put back放回;put up 举起,建造,张贴;put sth.to good use好好利用某物
turn turn on打开;turn off关掉;turn up把音量开大一点;turn down把音量开小一点;turn to朝向;turn into变成;turn over翻开,翻转;turn...into...把……变成……
get get on/along (well) with与某人相处(融洽);get up起床;get on上车(船、飞机、马);get off下车(船、飞机、马);get away离开,逃脱;get in the way of挡……的路,妨碍;get into陷入,进入;get out (of)(从……)出来;get to到达;get together聚会;get married结婚;get used to习惯于;get mad大动肝火,气愤
take take off(飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣服);take in吸入,吞入(体内);take away拿走;take down拆除,往下拽,记录;take after(外貌或行为)像;take breaks休息;take care of照顾;take risks冒险;take up占据(时间、空间),开始从事,拿起;take action采取行动;take place发生;take part in参加;take pride in为……感到自豪
go go over温习,复习;go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营;go into走进;go out出去,熄灭;go away走开;go back回去,回顾;go up上升,攀登;go by时间流逝,从旁经过;go down下降,下沉;go for为……而去;go on继续;go through经历;go to school/work去上学/上班;go home回家;go to the doctor去看医生
come come along一道来;come in进来;come into进入;come out出来,出版;come from来自;come back回来;come across偶然遇到;come over过来;come home回家;come on快点,跟着来,加油;come up with想出(主意、计划等)
give give up放弃;give off放出,发出(气体、气味、光、热等); give out分发,散发;give away赠送,捐赠;give in屈服,让步,投降;give...a lift捎……一程
make make a decision做出决定;make sb.do sth.让某人做某事;make a mistake犯错误;make progress取得进步;make friends with与……交朋友;make up编造,组成;make a face做鬼脸;make an effort做出努力;make sure确保;make a difference影响,有作用;make one’s way前往,费力地前进
be be friendly/kind to对……友好;be different from与……不同;be afraid of害怕;be popular with受……欢迎;be interested in对……感兴趣;be strict with对某人严格;be strict in对某事严格;be famous/known as作为……出名;be famous/known for因……著名;be surprised at对……惊讶;be pleased with对……满意;be proud of对……感到自豪;be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌;be thankful to对某人感激;be good for对……有好处;be good at擅长……;be made up of由……构成;be angry with对某人生气
考点精练
命题方向1　动词词义辨析
1.(2025·衢州市一模第58题)I really want to ______(打败) him at something but never succeeded.
2.(2025·湖州市一模第63题)This matter ________(传播) quickly in the village.
3.Tom was so tired that he _____(躺) down on the bed and fell asleep soon.
4.—Who is __________(敲) at the door
—Maybe it’s the postman.
5.I can’t ________(负担得起) to attend the concert because the tickets are too expensive.
6.She listens to the sound and _________(猜测) that it’s a bird singing in the distance.
7.At the Mid-Autumn Festival, families get together to ________ (欣赏) the moon and share mooncakes.
8.A true friend always __________(支持) you whenever you are in trouble.
9.He is __________(思考) about how to spend his lucky money during the winter vacation.
10.The man didn’t _________(认识到) the importance of health until he got seriously ill.
命题方向2　情态动词
用适当的情态动词(否定形式)填空。
11.—Is that red schoolbag Mary’s
—It _______ be hers. Hers is black and yellow.
12.—Who is singing in the next room
—It ___________ be Lisa, but I’m not sure.
13.David, _______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash
14.Since you live in the same house, you ________ share some housework.
15.The magazine ______ be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover.
16.—Dad, could I hang out with Lucy this Saturday
—Of course you _____. Just take care of yourselves.
17.When I was five years old, I _______ ride a bike by myself.
18.—I hear you have a robot in your home.
—Yes, it’s amazing. It _____ do all the housework.
19.My parents have made a strict rule for me. I ______ finish my homework before I can go out to play.
20.I looked up the telephone book, but __________ find her number.
命题方向3　动词短语辨析
21.(2025·杭州市余杭区一模第54题改编)When the day comes, the warm weather wakes _____ all the living things on the sleeping earth.
22.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
take up　give up　deal with turn off　make sure
(1)Frank ____________ the lights and left the room.
(2)I believe he can ___________ such a situation because I taught him before.
(3)The boys _________ singing when they were in Grade 7.
(4)The doctor told the man that he must _________ smoking.
(5)The worker checked the machine carefully to ___________ that everything was all right.
23.根据中文提示完成句子
(1)The competitors are in Beijing to _____________(为……做准备) the World Championship.
(2)A terrible storm was coming, so the plane couldn’t _________ (起飞).
(3)The young boy’s face ____________(变红) when he heard what the teacher said.
(4)After forty minutes, Ewa ___________(醒来), then she continued to write the letter.
(5)Frank __________(从……上掉下) the bike and hurt his left foot.
(一)
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空
would rather　hear from　exercise　change　compare　must　seem　can’t　put on　protect
1.Jack liked to eat junk food and never ___________.
2.I always stand out as the tallest one in my class, but sometimes I ______________ be short.
3.He made up his mind to ________ his unhealthy living habits.
4.The teacher asked us to ___________ the first picture with the second one to find out their differences.
5.I am glad to ___________ Mr.Smith, a reporter from the local newspaper.
6.It _________ that it is going to rain soon. Look at the black clouds!
7.Mothers always try their best to _________ their children from danger.
8.The book _______ be Alice’s. Hers is on the desk.
9.I have ___________ five pounds since I came back to my hometown.
10.My friend Jim is down. I ______ do something to cheer him up.
(二)
用适当的词(组)完成短文
It is said that doing volunteer work through school or community groups will do good to the health of kids. Experts 1.______________(做调查) among the parents of about 50,000 kids aged 6 to 17 in the United States and 2._______ (find) that kids who 3.______________(参加) community service were 34% more likely to be in very good physical health than those who didn’t. And those who 4._______________(自愿做) were 66% more likely to be doing well in general. Kids aged 12 and older who volunteered 5.________(是) 25% less likely to have anxiety(焦虑) than those who didn’t.
综合提能
Passage 1
can　live　raise　hold　water
As you can see, these paintings show people, animals and things used in festival celebrations. Some pictures have a central human figure shaped like a frog—an animal usually 1.______ near the water, with a group of people around him. Sometimes they 2.______ knives or swords, and other times they carry drums while wearing tiger-shaped hats. Anyway, most human figures 3._______ their arms high on both sides just like frogs. Why so many frogs It is said that the ancient local people might have thought frogs could call rain to 4._______ their fields. Now it’s free time. You 5._____ walk around and take some photos.
Passage 2
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa, one of the most famous paintings of all time, in 1503. He 1._______ (work) on a special painting for a church at the time, but it was not going well. The woman who can be seen in the Mona Lisa 2.____________(say) to be Madonna Lisa del Giocondo. She 3.______(be) the wife of an Italian businessman. Her husband asked da Vinci to paint a portrait(肖像) of her.
After da Vinci 4.__________(finish) the painting in 1506, he was invited by the French King to visit France. So he 5.________ (take) the painting with him. Today the Mona Lisa is kept in the Louvre, an art museum in Paris, and it is seen by about six million visitors a year. In 1911, Vincenzo Peruggia, a worker at the Louvre, 6._______(steal) the painting. He took it out of the museum by hiding it under his coat. Two years later, police officers 7._______(find) the painting when he tried to sell it.
In 1962, the Mona Lisa was taken to Washington and New York for artwork shows. For the journey, the museum 8.__________(want) to insure(给……投保) the painting. The insurance company 9._____(set) the value of it at 100 million dollars, making it the most valuable painting ever! Today, the value of the painting would 10._____(be) over 700 million dollars.
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