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中考英语二轮语法专题：动词的语态
语法精讲
├── 主动语态
│ └── 概念：主语是动作的执行者
├── 被动语态
│ ├── 概念：主语是动作的承受者
│ └── 构成
│ ├── 一般现在时的被动语态: am/is/are+done
│ ├── 一般过去时的被动语态: was/were+done
│ ├── 一般将来时的被动语态: will/shall/be going to+be+done
│ └── 含情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+done
├── 主动语态变被动语态的方法
│ └── 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动
├── 使用被动语态的情况
└── 主动结构表被动意义的情况
1. 被动语态的结构
被动语态由"be+及物动词的过去分词（done）"构成,且被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化通过 be 动词的变化来体现。常考的四种被动语态的结构如下：
考点 结构 例句
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are +done The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
（主动语态：We clean the classroom every day.）
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were +done A new pen was given to her by her mother.
（主动语态：Her mother gave her a new pen.）
一般将来时的被动语态 will/shall/ be going to +be+done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
（主动语态：They will plant trees tomorrow.）
含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 +be+done The problem must be solved soon.
（主动语态：We must solve the problem soon.）
2. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
具体步骤：
1. 主动句宾语变成被动句主语。
2. 主动句谓语动词变成被动句"be+done"结构。其中,be 动词的人称和数应与被动句的主语保持一致,时态不变。
3. 把主动语态的主语移到被动语态中的介词 by 之后,注意代词须用宾格形式。
4. 主动句其他成分不变。
【注意】主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况：
1. "使役动词"和"感官动词"后接不带 to 的动词不定式作补语时,变被动语态时需还原 to。此类常见词有：一感（feel）；二听（hear/listen to）；三使（make/have/let）；四看（look at/see/watch/notice）。如：I heard Amy sing that morning. →Amy was heard to sing that morning.
2. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态有两种表达方式。其中,直接宾语（物）作被动句的主语时,间接宾语（人）前必须加介词 to 或者 for。
如：He gave the girl a toy.
→A toy was given to the girl by him.
→The girl was given a toy by him.
3.使用被动语态的情况
(1)常见的使用被动语态的情况：
情况 例句
不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁 Rice is usually grown in the south of China.
需要强调动作的承受者 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物 Many houses were washed away in the flood.
有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态(be born, be seated, be dressed 等) I was born in China in 2008.
(2)不能使用被动语态的情况：
情况 示例
主动句的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语) happen, take place, belong to 等
主动句的谓语动词为表示状态的动词 have, own, fail, fit, cost, last(持续)等
4.主动结构表被动意义的情况
情况 例句
open, lock, write, read, sell, watch, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词且主语为物时,有时可用主动语态表被动含义 This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
look, feel, sound, taste, smell 等感官系动词描述某物特性时 Mooncakes taste delicious.
need/require 后跟 v. -ing 形式相当于 need/require 后跟动词不定式的被动结构(to be done) My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired.
针对训练
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1. [2022 省卷Ⅱ.12]Paper ______ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.
A. invent B. was invented C. invent D. is invented
2. [2020 兰州 32]My advice on learning English ______.
A. accepted B. is accepted C. accepts D. are accepted
3. Every year, thousands of trees ______ on both sides of the mountain.
A. plant B. plants C. is planted D. are planted
4. —Dad, our house is so bright today.
—Yes! The windows ______ this morning.
A. will be cleaned B. were cleaned C. have cleaned D. cleaned
5. The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ______ before the rainy season comes.
A. is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed
6. Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ______ into schools.
A. introduce B. introduced C. are introduced D. were introduced
7. —Tom is always careless with his homework.
—Could you help him
—No problem! I think he ______ to think twice before starting.
A. should be told B. can tell C. should tell D. can be telling
Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. The classroom must ______ (keep) clean every day.
2. The two boys ______ (praise) by the local government for their brave action yesterday.
3. Lisa ______ (choose) as the lead role in the school play last week.
4. To keep our school clean, litter shouldn't ______ (throw) here and there.
5. If the little boy ______ (give) another chance tomorrow, he will do it better.
6. The book ______ (translate) into over 30 foreign languages in the future.
7. Some rules must ______ (make) to stop students from playing too much computer games.
8. Doctors ______ (need) greatly in every part of the world, so I want to be a doctor.
9. This famous scientist ______ (invite) to our school to give a speech next week.
10. Robot dogs ______ (use) to carry things on Mount Huang during the May Day holiday 2025.
Ⅲ. 根据所给汉语提示完成句子
1. 在中国，婴儿的满月是一个特殊的日子，人们会用一场特别的派对来庆祝它。
A baby's first - month birthday is a special event in China and it ______ ______ with a special party.
2. 我最喜欢的作家的新书下个月将要出版。
The new book by my favorite writer ______ be ______ next month.
3. 【环保】我强烈建议我们应该采取行动来保护环境。
I strongly suggested that some action ______ ______ taken to protect the environment.
4. 在中国，用来吃面条或米饭的细长工具被叫做筷子。
The thin, long tools we use to eat noodles or rice in China ______ ______ chopsticks.
5. 京杭大运河是在不同地区、不同朝代分段修建而成的。
The Grand Canal ______ ______ section by section in different areas and dynasties.
6. “爱中国”的字样被涂得很鲜艳，我们为祖国感到骄傲。
The words "Love China" ______ ______ brightly, and we are proud of our motherland.
7. 如果我们互相帮助、互相倾听，做小组作业时遇到的困难就会解决。
Difficulties in doing group work will ______ ______ if we help and listen to each other.
8. 更多关于中国文化的书籍将被购置到我们学校的图书馆。
More books about Chinese culture will ______ ______ for our school library.
Ⅳ. 任务型完形填空
地方特色·甘肃武术使者张含亮
practice,country,traditional,our,interested，do, enjoy, start, learn, use
[2025 山东枣庄改编]Zhang Hanliang is a martial arts(武术) teacher who comes from Tianshui Normal University in Gansu, China. She and her team have been making some 1. ______ Chinese martial arts videos these years and these videos 2. ______ by online audiences.
"Many Internet users at home and abroad enjoy 3. ______ online videos. I hope more people will be 4. ______ in Chinese martial arts," said Zhang.
Zhang 5. ______ martial arts for over 20 years. Her love for martial arts comes from her family. Not only is her father a great kung fu teacher, but also her grandfather 6. ______ well in kung fu.
"I 7. ______ to practice martial arts at the age of seven. All the children in my family can learn martial arts at home from a young age," said Zhang. After a few years of practice, she went to a sports school in Gansu 8. ______ more about martial arts.
Now she is a great martial arts master in China. And she often goes to other 9. ______ to teach martial arts. "Martial arts can 10. ______ as a bridge for cultural exchanges between China and other countries. I hope more and more people from abroad can know and love martial arts," said Zhang.
第 页 (甘肃专版)中考英语二轮语法专题：动词的语态
参考答案
Ⅰ. 语法与情景对话
1.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：纸是在2000多年前的中国古代发明的。时间状语“more than 2000 years ago”表明用一般过去时；主语paper与invent是被动关系（纸被发明），一般过去时被动结构为was/were + done，paper为不可数名词，用was invented。
2.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我关于学英语的建议被接受了。主语advice是不可数名词，作主语时谓语用单数；advice与accept是被动关系（建议被接受），用一般现在时被动is accepted。
3.
【答案】D
【解析】句意：每年成千上万棵树被种在山的两边。时间标志every year用一般现在时；trees与plant是被动关系（树被种植）；trees是复数，故用are planted。
4.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：窗户今天早上被擦了。时间标志this morning用一般过去时；windows与clean是被动关系（窗户被擦）；windows复数，用were cleaned。
5.
【答案】C
【解析】句意：村民们期待桥在雨季来临前被完工。before引导的时间状语从句表将来，主句用一般将来时；bridge与complete是被动关系（桥被完成），将来时被动结构will be completed。
6.
【答案】D
【解析】句意：自从电脑被引进校园，它们对学习方式产生巨大影响。since从句常用一般过去时；computers与introduce是被动关系（电脑被引进），复数主语用were introduced。
7.
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我认为他应该被告诉在开始前三思。he与tell是被动关系（他被告诉）；情态动词should后被动结构为should + be + done，故选should be told。
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.
【答案】be kept
【解析】句意：教室必须每天保持干净。情态动词must后被动结构固定为must + be + 过去分词；keep的过去分词为kept，故填be kept。
2.
【答案】were praised
【解析】句意：这两个男孩昨天因勇敢行为被政府表扬。时间yesterday用一般过去时；主语two boys是复数，与praise为被动关系，过去时被动为were praised。
3.
【答案】was chosen
【解析】句意：莉萨上周被选为校园剧主角。时间last week用一般过去时；Lisa是单数，与choose被动，结构was chosen。
4.
【答案】be thrown
【解析】句意：垃圾不应该被到处扔。情态动词shouldn’t后被动结构shouldn’t + be + 过去分词；throw过去分词为thrown，填be thrown。
5.
【答案】is given
【解析】句意：如果这个男孩明天被再给一次机会，他会做得更好。if条件句遵循主将从现；boy与give被动，一般现在时被动is given。
6.
【答案】will be translated
【解析】句意：这本书未来将被翻译成30多种语言。时间in the future用一般将来时；book与translate被动，结构will be translated。
7.
【答案】be made
【解析】句意：必须制定一些规则阻止学生玩太多电脑游戏。情态动词must后被动must + be + done；make过去分词made，填be made。
8.
【答案】are needed
【解析】句意：世界各地急需医生。doctors与need是被动关系（医生被需要）；一般现在时、复数主语，用are needed。
9.
【答案】will be invited
【解析】句意：这位著名科学家下周将被邀请来我校演讲。时间next week用一般将来时；scientist与invite被动，填will be invited。
10.
【答案】were used
【解析】句意：2025年五一假期，机器狗被用来在黄山运东西。时间为过去，robot dogs是复数，与use被动，用were used。
Ⅲ. 根据所给汉语提示完成句子
1.
【答案】is celebrated
【解析】主语it指代满月，与celebrate被动；一般现在时、单数，用is celebrated。
2.
【答案】will; published
【解析】next month用将来时被动will be published，题目给出两空，填will; published。
3.
【答案】should be
【解析】suggest后宾语从句用(should) + 动词原形；action与take被动，故填should be。
4.
【答案】are called
【解析】主语tools是复数，与call被动；一般现在时，用are called。
5.
【答案】was built
【解析】运河是过去修建，主语看作单数，与build被动，用was built。
6.
【答案】were painted
【解析】words是复数，与paint被动；描述过去动作，用were painted。
7.
【答案】be solved
【解析】will后接被动结构be solved（困难被解决）。
8.
【答案】be bought
【解析】will后被动will be bought，两空填be bought。
Ⅳ. 任务型完形填空
1.
【答案】traditional
【解析】空格后是名词短语Chinese martial arts videos，需要用形容词修饰；traditional 表示“传统的”，traditional Chinese martial arts 是固定搭配，意为“中国传统武术”。
2.
【答案】are enjoyed
【解析】主语these videos和动词enjoy是被动关系（视频被观众喜爱）；句子为一般现在时，主语是复数，因此用一般现在时被动语态are enjoyed。
3.
【答案】watching
【解析】固定搭配：enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；因此enjoy后接动词watch的动名词形式watching。
4.
【答案】interested
【解析】固定搭配：be interested in… 对……感兴趣；句意为“我希望更多人对中国武术感兴趣”。
5.
【答案】has practiced
【解析】时间标志for over 20 years（长达20多年）是现在完成时的典型标志；结构：have/has + 过去分词；主语Zhang是第三人称单数，practice的过去分词是practiced，故填has practiced。
6.
【答案】does
【解析】固定搭配：do well in… 擅长……；主语her grandfather是第三人称单数，一般现在时，因此用does。
7.
【答案】started
【解析】时间标志at the age of seven（在七岁时）表示过去，用一般过去时；start的过去式是started。
8.
【答案】to learn
【解析】此处用动词不定式to learn作目的状语，表示“去甘肃体育学校为了学习更多武术知识”。
9.
【答案】countries
【解析】other 后接可数名词复数；country 变复数为countries；other countries 意为“其他国家”。
10.
【答案】be used
【解析】情态动词can后接动词原形；主语martial arts和use是被动关系（武术被用作桥梁），被动结构：can + be + 过去分词；use的过去分词是used，故填be used。
V.完形填空
【答案】C
【解析】be born “出生” 固定用被动语态；讲述过去的事用一般过去时，主语 he，故用was born。
【答案】D
【解析】时间状语 in 1972 为一般过去时；he 与 ask 是被动关系（被要求），故用was asked。
【答案】C
【解析】主语 New farming methods 是复数，与 study 是被动关系；讲述过去用一般过去时，故用were studied。
【答案】D
【解析】主语 fields 是复数，与 change 是被动关系；过去发生，故用were changed。
【答案】C
【解析】主语 technologies 是复数，与 use 是被动关系；表示现在的客观事实，用一般现在时，故用are used。
【答案】C
【解析】主语 stories 是复数，与 know 是被动关系；现在的事实，用一般现在时，故用are known。
【答案】D
【解析】letter 与 send 是被动关系；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故用was sent。
【答案】C
【解析】young farmers 与 encourage 是被动关系；表示现在的情况，用一般现在时，故用are encouraged。
【答案】C
【解析】projects 与 develop 是被动关系；every year 表示现在经常性动作，用一般现在时，故用are developed。
【答案】D
【解析】spirit 与 remember 是被动关系；forever 表示将来，用一般将来时的被动语态，故用will be remembered。
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