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上海市嘉定区2026届高三二模英语试卷
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Book-to-Film Adaptations Often Disappoint
When a beloved book is adapted into a film, fans often experience a mix of excitement and anxiety. They look forward to seeing a familiar story on screen but worry that the film might not live up to the images they have imagined while reading. This reaction arises from how we read. For many, novels are not just stories; they are visual experiences(1) (carry) in the mind.
Reading involves (2) (create) mental images of characters, settings, and events. These images,(3) they are general or detailed, form part of the enjoyment of reading. We rarely notice them until there is something wrong with them. Once a film version doesn't match our imagined images, disappointment follows. We might find ourselves thinking,“That's not how I(4) (picture) it.”
Interestingly, this isn't new. It has existed (5) the long history of storytelling. In the 19th century, when illustrations started appearing in books, readers began to feel a similar discomfort. The visual representations in books,such as those in Charles Dickens’ novels, were seen as a threat to readers’ mental imagery. Once an illustration had been seen by a reader, the character or scene was likely (6) (imagine) differently.
Yet not everyone felt disappointed by illustrations. For people (7) struggle to visualize while reading,illustrations could enhance their experience. Around 4% of the population lacks the ability to turn words into pictures,and for them, illustrations in books or films may be more enjoyable,(8) they have no pre-existing images to compare them to.
For most of us who do visualize, though, the gap between what a film shows and our mental images can lead to disappointment. However, this doesn't mean the film is a failure. Instead, it offers an insight into(9) personal our engagement with novels really is. Therefore, rather than criticize an adaptation, we(10) reflect on why it differs from our imagined version and what that reveals about our perceptions.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. adoption B. broad C. economy D. gender-neutral E. organized F. purely G. respect H. rewarded I. similarly J. spare K. uncomfortable
Learn Chinese in One Word
In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word“they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) 11expression. French speakers often use“iel,” a combination of“il”(he) and“elle”(she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也.
By combining the letter“X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for“he” and“she.”, this symbol still reads as“ta,” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this 12 , the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider 13 of the symbol online.
However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel 14 with“they”. Many speakers insist that“they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like“someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) 15 visual change.
This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) 16scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article“the,”and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising 17 , using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as“The relationships among the SevenWarring States were constantly changing” can be presented as“Relationship between Warring States is constant change.”
English, despite its reputation for accuracy, 18 leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings:“-s”,“-ing” and“-pared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite 19 . Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is 20 in different languages.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group. It is believed that they fought fearlessly because they put the 21 above any individual soldier. This idea of 22 oneself for the community can also be observed in the tiny world of bacteria. Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial 23system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks.
A new study, led by biochemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained how this system works on a 24 level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an important part of the system they called the beta-relay.
The beta-relay works like a 25 in the SPARDA system. When there is no danger, it stays“off,” and the proteins in it remain 26 . Once foreign DNA, such as a virus, is 27 , the beta-relay changes its shape and turns“on.” This transformation allows its proteins to connect with each other, forming long chains to 28 the enemy as well as the host.“SPARDA systems were demonstrated to protect bacteria from viruses by degrading the DNA of both29 cells and viruses. They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said.
SPARDA is essential for bacterial defense, but Zaremba’ s team argues that the system could also help 30 in medical diagnosis. SPARDA is the final line for bacterial cells, which is activated only when an infection is present.Therefore, SPARDA includes an accurate 31 mechanism for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction.Researchers could 32 the system for medical diagnostics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay could be altered to function only when the target gene is identified. 33 , imagine it would react only to the genetic material ofHIV.
But the benefits of SPARDA don't stop there. Traditional diagnostic tools have an obvious 34 : they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM.“We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM,”Zaremba said.“This makes SPARDA more 35 , and it could help scientists detect a wider variety of germs and viruses. Understanding how this system works may help us solve some of the big challenges in science.”
21. A. king B. battle C. state D. honour
22. A. enjoying B. protecting C. celebrating D. sacrificing
23. A. control B. defense C.network D. information
24. A. micro B. global C. practical D. historical
25. A. bridge B. barrier C. switch D. vehicle
26. A. inactive B. unsure C. available D. energetic
27. A. revised B. detected C. released D eliminated
28. A. destroy B. restore C. examine D. identify
29. A. infected B. healthy C. foreign D. unknown
30. A. humans B. planets C. organisms D. ecosystems
31. A. regulation B. measurement C. recognition D. transportation
32. A. reduce B. return C. reproduce D. repurpose
33. A. In fact B. As a result C. In addition D. For example
34. A. danger B. feature C. advantage D. limitation
35. A. rigid B. risky C. flexible D. innovative
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
My first journey to Norway began with an accident that almost killed me on the deck of a deep-sea fishing boat.
One afternoon, having finished my task, I climbed the ladder to the deck. I had scarcely lifted my head when the sky disappeared. In its place came a heavy iron cage, swinging with blind force and hitting me right in the face. I remember no pain at first —— only darkness.
When I recovered my senses, I was on my hands and knees. My cheek was torn, and my teeth lay broken in my mouth. An older fisherman, Arneson, found me and carried me to my room. During the slow days that followed, he accompanied me and spoke of his boyhood in ndalsnes, among Norway's fjords(峡湾) and mountains of such beauty that he dared not return. He feared that the real place might destroy the perfect image in his heart. I listened attentively because I had begun to ask myself: was I, like Arneson, just living on an image of who I had been before the accident.
His stories, repeated in those long days of recovery, fixed Norway in my imagination as a place where I could find the answer. Thus, when I was well enough to travel, I started my journey, moved less by courage than by a quiet hope for relief. From Norway's capital I journeyed to ndalsnes, the town he had described with such gentleness. The following day I climbed Aksla. The path was steep, and the pain in my legs was sharp but honest. Each step seemed like a question:who are you now At the top, sitting among stones and thin grass, I looked at the silent peaks and understood that the sea had not sent me here by chance. I had crossed water and land only to discover that the journey was inward.
I had come to Norway hoping the mountains would heal me. Instead, I learned that a single blow does not merely wound the body; it breaks open the self and sets it wandering. Yet in that wandering I found something steady. My memories, my fears, and the voices of those who had walked beside me formed a quiet fellowship. In their company, Idid not find a cure, but I began, at last, to find myself.
36. What accident occurred to the author on the fishing boat
A. Facing a heavy storm.
B. Falling from the ladder.
C. Being hit by an iron cage.
D. Suffering night blindness.
37. Why does the author mention Arneson in paragraph 3
A. To describe the author's daily life on the boat.
B. To introduce what inspired the author's journey.
C. To explain why Norway is an attractive country.
D. To show how the author recovered from the accident.
38. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 4
A. He was weaker than before.
B. He reflected on his true self.
C. He regretted going to Norway.
D. He lost his way on the mountain.
39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. A Fatal Accident
B. A Memory of the Sea
C. A Friend of Pure Heart
D. A Journey of Self-Discovery
(SHCG-English)
(B)
The word“biodegradable” describes materials that can be broken down naturally by the environment through a process called biodegradation. During this process, fungi(真菌) and tiny microbes like bacteria break down organic matter from plants and animals. The remains become nutrient-rich material that helps new plants grow, forming a repeating and self-sustaining system often called the circle of life. This process is closely linked to the carbon cycle. During the process, plants take in carbon dioxide, animals pass carbon along the food chain, and microorganisms release it back into the air after plants and animals die, which starts a new cycle. Today, “biodegradable” can also describe some products that can break down naturally. Instead of being sent into incinerators (焚化炉) or recycling centres,biodegradable wastes usually end up in landfills.
40. What can we learn from the passage
A. Biodegradable waste is usually burned down.
B. Biodegradation happens when there is no oxygen.
C. A key part of biodegradation is the removal of carbon.
D. Biodegradation is an essential part of the circle of life.
41. The underlined word“assimilate” most probably means .
A. absorb B. translate C. divide D. destroy
42. Which of the following titles is correctly matched with its illustration
A. ORGANIC MATERIAL B. DECOMPOSITION
(C)
Cinemas are full of sequels(续集) and superheroes. Pop charts are led by the same global stars year after year. The internet produces endless trends and sensational cultural products. Has 21st-century culture become repetitive and dull A new book offers a perspective.
In Blank Space, W. David Marx argues that something important has changed. In the early 20th century, movements such as Surrealism(超现实主义) deeply transformed art. The 1960s brought counterculture and rock music. Compared with those creative explosions, today's culture, which remixes old ideas rather than inventing new ones, can appear cautious.
Money, Mr Marx suggests, plays a large role. In pop music, the idea of“selling out” has largely died out while the ultimate measure of value is financial success. Fame is sometimes driven less by artistic talent than by marketing skill and online visibility. Technology has added another layer. In its early days, the internet allowed small communities to experiment and share unusual tastes. Today, however, online platforms often reward speed, exciting and simple messages.Algorithms(算法) favour what keeps users clicking, not what challenges them. As a result, safe and familiar content may crowd out riskier work.
Still, his sweeping book oversimplifies the reality. There has always been more litter than gold, and time has simply filtered out the worst so that we just remember the masterpieces and forget the rest. It may be too early to judge the long-term value of today's creations, which are still competing in a noisy digital marketplace.
Moreover, the continued popularity of older works is not a sign of fixedness. Classics endure because they do have an edge over the others, not because nothing new can succeed. Modern culture may appear repetitive, but it is also diverse and widely accessible, and that's why we can still freely enjoy old masterpieces.
Another way to think of 21st-century Western culture is as a history of relative comfort. Chaos in the today's world has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthroughs of the early20th century. In extreme conditions, could today's creators match the past genius Let's hope we will never find out.
43. Which of the following statements might W. David Marx agree with
A. There was more dull art in the past than there is today.
B. Audience prefer masterpieces in the past to new ideas today.
C. Financial success has become more important than artistic originality.
D. Technological progress has made cultural innovation easier than before.
44. Which of the following best reflects the writer's view of modern culture
A. It is largely shaped by online platforms.
B. It's still too early to judge its true value.
C. The success of old works proves its failure.
D. It mainly repeats past ideas without anything new.
45. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply
A. The author thinks social chaos is necessary.
B. The author hopes extreme crises won't happen.
C. The author believes modern artists are superior.
D. The author thinks cultural decline will continue.
46. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To question a book's argument about culture.
B. To compare modern culture with classical culture.
C. To prove that modern culture is completely empty.
D. To explain how technology influences modern culture.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin. B. Many of the claims are reasonable, while others are meaningless nonsense. C. When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat. D. Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool. E. In fact, science in the private interest doesn't necessarily work like that. F. No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate.
The Sciencewashing of Everyday Life
There stands a display model of a face mask in my local beauty store. Its package is covered with words like“patents”,“peptides”, and“double helix”. I have no idea what any of this means. But this is science. The mask costs $75.
47. Brands describe themselves as“biology-first” or“powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work“at a molecular(分子) level.” Lipsticks contain acids with“different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen(氢), as if two atoms were no longer enough. Even sports drinks, which once relied on images of sweating athletes, now proudly announce that they are“lab tested.” In a crowded market, science has become the new symbol of quality.
Marketing has always borrowed from science, but it used to be more direct. A cereal contained fiber, and fiber was good for you. 48. They were informed but plainspoken, employing simple logic of cause and effect. They talked, basically, like a family-medicine doctor.
Today's ads, by contrast, talk like the Ph. D. kind of doctor. They use long, complex words and refer to things viewable only under a microscope. The goal is not always to explain, but to confuse.49.
“People like buying products that are research backed,” said Neil Lewis Jr., a behavioral scientist at Cornell.“But most people, they are not professional enough to actually evaluate those claims. They don't have the time or specific knowledge, so they just look for some signals. That gives their everyday consumption a serious, almost academic appearance.”
But here is the problem.50. Government financial support has weakened, people’ s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutions. It is unsettling to imagine we are approaching a world in which scientists are employed not by independent institutions but only by companies——a world where science itself serves as advertising.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
51. The Power of Hesitation
Hesitation is often seen as a weakness. At the Olympics, athletes must choose the exact moment to start. In these events, even a tiny delay can mean losing a gold medal. For these athletes, hesitation is dangerous. Some mental health conditions are also related to hesitation. OCD (强迫症) is linked to lack of hesitation while anxiety disorders may cause too much hesitation, making it hard for people to act at all.
Recently, neuroscientists have been studying how the brain decides when to act and when to wait. They designed a simple decision-making experiment in which mice heard three different sounds. Some sounds clearly meant they would receive a drop of sugar water. Other sounds meant no reward. A third sound meant there was only a 50 percent chance of getting the reward.
Interestingly, the mice hesitated longer when the outcome was uncertain. Even though their behaviour did not change the result, they still paused before acting. This means that hesitation is not simply confusion. Instead, it is an active brain process that responds to uncertainty. The findings suggest that, rather than a weakness to overcome,hesitation appears to be a fundamental brain feature that helps us deal with an uncertain world and avoid costly mistakes.
Researchers also found a special group of brain cells that became active only when the mice hesitated. These cells are located in a brain area called the basal ganglia, which is also affected in Parkinson's disease, OCD, and addictions.This connection may provide possible targets for future treatments.
Hesitation is not simply a flaw but a useful and necessary brain function. By helping individuals respond carefully to uncertainty, it protects people from mistakes and may also provide new directions for treating mental health disorders.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52.春节的意义体现在和谁一起过年，而非在哪里过年。(lie)
53.借助光影，学生们开启了一段科学与艺术交融的探索之旅。(join)
54.来到这座南方小城三十年，所见飘雪，成规模者，数场而已。(since)
55.当技术回归服务于人的目的，城市的每一次智能化升级就能听见普通人的声音。(account)
英语参考答案
2026.04
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
1. carried 2. creating 3. whether 4. pictured/ have pictured
5. throughout/ in 6. to be imagined 7. who/ that 8. because/ since/ as/ for
9. how 10. had better/ ought to
Section B
11-15 DGAKF 16-20 BCIJE
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
21-25 CDBAC 26-30 ABAAA 31-35 CDDDC
Section B
36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D
40. D 41. A 42. B
43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A
47. D 48. A 49. F 50. C
III. Summary
The Power of Hesitation
Hesitation is often seen as a weakness. At the Olympics, athletes must choose the exact moment to start. In these events, even a tiny delay can mean losing a gold medal. For these athletes, hesitation is dangerous. Some mental health conditions are also related to hesitation. OCD (强迫症) is linked to lack of hesitation while anxiety disorders may cause too much hesitation, making it hard for people to act at all.
Recently, neuroscientists have been studying how the brain decides when to act and when to wait. They designed a simple decision-making experiment in which mice heard three different sounds. Some sounds clearly meant they would receive a drop of sugar water. Other sounds meant no reward. A third sound meant there was only a 50 percent chance of getting the reward.
Interestingly, the mice hesitated longer when the outcome was uncertain. Even though their behaviour did not change the result, they still paused before acting. This means that hesitation is not simply confusion. Instead, it is an active brain process that responds to uncertainty. The findings suggest that, rather than a weakness to overcome,hesitation appears to be a fundamental brain feature that helps us deal with an uncertain world and avoid costly mistakes.
Researchers also found a special group of brain cells that became active only when the mice hesitated. These cells are located in a brain area called the basal ganglia, which is also affected in Parkinson's disease, OCD, and addictions.This connection may provide possible targets for future treatments.
Hesitation is not simply a flaw but a useful and necessary brain function. By helping individuals respond carefully to uncertainty, it protects people from mistakes and may also provide new directions for treating mental health disorders.
参考答案：
Hesitation is often viewed as a weakness. However, experiments with mice show that they hesitate longer when there was an uncertain outcome, indicating hesitation is an active response to uncertainty to avoid mistakes. Scientists also found that hesitation is related to certain brain cells, which offer clues for treating mental disorders.(51 words)
内容评分标准
分数 内容要点
5分 在满足3个要点的基础上，能同时提到以下两个实验结果： 实验结果1：老鼠面对未知的结果，犹豫时间更长 实验结果2：犹豫与大脑中的某些细胞有关联
4分 在满足3个要点的基础上，能提到上述两个实验结果的其中一个：
3分 同时提到了3个要点。 要点1：犹豫通常被认为是一种弱点 要点 2：犹豫是一种对未知的反应以避免错误 要点3：犹豫有助于研究心理疾病的治疗
2分 提到三个核心要点中的两个
1分 提到三个核心要点中的一个
IV. Translation
52.春节的意义体现在和谁一起过年，而非在哪里过年。(lie)
52. The meaning of the Spring Festival lies in who you celebrate/ spend it with, not where you spend/ celebrate it.
53.借助光影，学生们开启了一段科学与艺术交融的探索之旅。(join)
53. With light and shadow, the students started a journey of exploration where science joined art.
54.来到这座南方小城三十年，所见飘雪，成规模者，数场而已。(since)
54. In the thirty years since I came to this small southern city, I have witnessed only a few times when the snow was heavy.
It is/ has been thirty years since I came to this small southern city, and I have witnessed only a few times when the snow was heavy.
55.当技术回归服务于人的目的，城市的每一次智能化升级就能听见普通人的声音。(account)
55. When technology returns to its purpose of serving people, every smart upgrade of a city can take the voices of ordinary people into account.

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