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人教版（2024）八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper
单元核心知识梳理与专项巩固
单元重点词汇、短语自测
一、重点单词默写
【名词】
1. _______________ (n.) 地震
2. _______________ (n.) 水灾；洪水
3. _______________ (n.) 街区；临近的地方
4. _______________ (n.) 亲戚；亲属
5. _______________ (n.) 卡车
6. _______________ (n.) 电力供应；能量；力量
7. _______________ (n.) 脾气；怒气
8. _______________ (n.) 台风
9. _______________ (n.) 野火
10. _______________ (n.) 雪暴；暴风雪
11. _______________ (n.) 久旱；旱灾
12. _______________ (n.) 海啸
13. _______________ (n.) 屋顶；顶部
14. _______________ (n.) 龙卷风；旋风
15. _______________ (n.) 知识；学问
16. _______________ (n.) 英雄；男主角；偶像
17. _______________ (n.) 警报（器）；惊恐
18. _______________ (n.) 安全；保安；保障
19. _______________ (n.) 消防员
20. _______________ (n.) 暴风雨
【动词】
1. _______________ (v.) 警告；提醒注意
2. _______________ (v.) 敲；打
3. _______________ (v.) 躲藏；隐蔽
4. _______________ (v.) 拒绝；退却
【形容词/副词】
1. _______________ (adv.) 几乎；差不多；将近
2. _______________ (adj.) 厚的；浓密的
3. _______________ (adj.) 通常的；寻常的
4. _______________ (adv.) 附近
5. _______________ (adj.) 糟糕的；极坏的
6. _______________ (adj.) 突然的；骤然的
7. _______________ (adj.) 强大的；有影响力的
8. _______________ (adj.) 明智的；可靠的
9. _______________ (adj.) 坏的；糟糕的
10. _______________ (adj.) 感谢的；感激的
11. _______________ (adj.) 幸运的；运气好的
【兼类词】
1. _______________ (n. & v.) 波浪；挥手
2. _______________ (n. & v.) 采访；面试
3. _______________ (n. & v.) 汇报；报道
4. _______________ (n. & v.) 卫兵；保卫
5. _______________ (n. & v.) 志愿者；自愿做
6. _______________ (n. & v.) 雷；打雷
7. _______________ (n. & v.) 苦恼；麻烦
【代词/其他】
1. _______________ (prep./adv./conj.) 自……以后；从……以来；既然；由于
二、单词词性转换
1. possible (adj.) 可能的；合理的 → _______________ (adv.) 可能；或许 → _______________ (adj.) 不可能的
2. report (n. & v.) 汇报；报道 → _______________ (n.) 记者
3. prepare (v.) 把……预备好；准备 → _______________ (n.) 准备（工作）；预备
4. power (n.) 电力供应；能量；力量 → _______________ (adj.) 强大的；有影响力的
5. sound (adj.) 明智的；可靠的 → _______________ (adv.) 酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地
6. beat (v.) 敲；打 → _______________ (过去式) → _______________ (过去分词)
7. hide (v.) 躲藏；隐蔽 → _______________ (过去式) → _______________ (过去分词)
8. bad (adj.) 坏的；糟糕的 → _______________ (adv.) 糟糕地 → _______________ (adj./adv.) 更坏（的）；更糟（的） → _______________ (adj./adv.) 最坏（的）；最糟（的）
9. thank (v.) 感谢；谢谢 → _______________ (adj.) 感谢的；感激的 → _______________ (adv.) 幸亏；感激地
10. hero (n.) 英雄；男主角；偶像 → _______________ (复数) 英雄们
11. terrible (adj.) 糟糕的 → _______________ (adv.) 非常糟地；非常
12. sudden (adj.) 突然的；骤然的 → _______________ (adv.) 突然地；出乎意料地
13. usual (adj.) 通常的；寻常的 → _______________ (adv.) 通常地；一般地 → _______________ (adj.) 特别的；不寻常的
14. luck (n.) 幸运 → _______________ (adj.) 运气好的；带来好运的 → _______________ (adv.) 幸运地 → _______________ (反义词 adj.) 不幸的；不顺利的
15. rain (v.) 下雨；n. 雨 → _______________ (adj.) 阴雨的；多雨的
三、重点短语默写
1. _______________ 做家务
2. _______________ 做作业
3. _______________ 在某方面帮助
4. _______________ 发生；出现
5. _______________ 为……做好准备
6. _______________ 注意；关注
7. _______________ 发生；进行
8. _______________ 开始做某事；进入
9. _______________ 保安人员
10. _______________ 除……之外
11. _______________ 一……就……
12. _______________ 闹钟
13. _______________ 醒来
14. _______________ （警报器等）突然发出巨响
15. _______________ 突然；猛地
16. _______________ 到……的时候
17. _______________ 上气不接下气
18. _______________ 因此
19. _______________ 出现问题；发生故障；搞错
20. _______________ 代替；而不是
21. _______________ 迈一步
22. _______________ 立即采取行动
23. _______________ 立刻；马上
24. _______________ 由于；因为；多亏了
25. _______________ 席卷；横扫
单元重点语法、句型回顾
考点1：过去进行时
- 核心用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
- 句型结构：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他；While/When + 过去进行时/一般过去时，主句 + 过去进行时
- 典型例句：
· —What were you doing when the typhoon hit —I was hiding in a safe room. （台风来袭时你在做什么？——我正躲在一个安全的房间里。）
· While we were driving home, the strong winds started. （当我们开车回家时，狂风开始刮了起来。）
· When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. （邻居打电话来时，我们全家正在吃晚饭。）
- 小贴士：when 后既可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；while 后只能跟延续性动词，且多用过去进行时。
考点2：when 与 while 的区别
- 核心用法：两者都引导时间状语从句。when 可指时间点或时间段；while 只能指时间段，强调主从句动作同时发生。
- 句型结构：when + 一般过去时/过去进行时；while + 过去进行时（延续性动作）
- 典型例句：
· What were you doing while it was snowing heavily （下大雪的时候你在做什么？）
· It was raining when I left home. （我出门的时候正在下雨。）
- 小贴士：while 从句多用进行时，表示动作的持续性；when 从句更灵活（短暂性动词如 hit, call, leave 多用 when）。
考点3：too…to… 结构
- 核心用法：表示“太……而不能……”，本身含否定意义，相当于 so…that… 引导的否定结果状语从句
- 句型结构：主语 + be + too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth.
- 典型例句：
· The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella! （风太大了，我根本没法用伞！）
· He is too young to go to school alone. （他太小了，不能独自去上学。）
- 小贴士：若不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需用“for sb. to do sth.”结构。
单元重点习题巩固
一、单项选择（共25题）
从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1．—When did you finish learning about emergency rescue
—I finished it ________ yesterday afternoon.
A．in B．on C．at D．/
( )2．The rain beat ________ the window heavily.
A．against B．in C．at D．to
( )3．We ________ stay outdoors during a violent storm. It’s too dangerous for us to do so.
A．must B．mustn’t C．should D．shouldn’t
( )4．I ________ be afraid of floods, but now I know how to protect myself with the right skills.
A．used to B．is used to C．uses to D．use to
( )5．Doing this Project helps us realize that keeping calm during disasters is ________ for our safety.
A．useless B．important C．harmful D．boring
( )6．The weather report ________ us of the coming flood and advised us to prepare in advance.
A．warned B．protected C．rescued D．damaged
( )7．The heavy rain for a week ________ a big flood, making many people lose their homes.
A．caused B．avoided C．prevented D．stopped
( )8．I didn’t sleep well last night. I want to ________ early tonight.
A．wake up B．fall asleep C．get up D．take up
( )9．When the earthquake happened, many people ________ in the building.
A．work B．worked C．are working D．were working
( )10．It’s too ________ outside. Please close the window.
A．quiet B．noisy C．calm D．soft
( )11．The girl was so scared that she could ________ say a word.
A．hardly B．almost C．nearly D．easily
( )12．I was reading a novel ________ my brother was watching TV.
A．while B．when C．after D．before
( )13．The old man was walking slowly in the street ________ a heavy snow.
A．because of B．because C．instead of D．instead
( )14．My alarm didn’t ________ this morning, so I woke up late.
A．go off B．go on C．go out D．go away
( )15．The wind was blowing strongly, and we could see leaves ________ everywhere.
A．fly B．flew C．flying D．to fly
( )16．The news on the radio ________ that there would be a heavy snow in the afternoon.
A．said B．say C．says D．is saying
( )17．He ________ a lot about flood safety since he watched the rescue documentary.
A．know B．knows C．knew D．has known
( )18．—Did you use to be afraid of storms
—Yes, I did. But now I know they are not as ________ as I thought.
A．safe B．dangerous C．boring D．common
( )19．It ________ her about an hour to finish writing the storm safety report yesterday.
A．took B．spent C．cost D．paid
( )20．—What did you do in the English class yesterday
—I ________ down the key safety tips about floods in the notebook.
A．write B．writes C．wrote D．will write
( )21．—________ did you learn about how to rescue yourself during a flood
—From the disaster safety video.
A．What B．Where C．When D．How
( )22．Tom ________ feels worried about natural disasters, so he often practices safety skills.
A．usually B．never C．hardly ever D．sometimes
( )23．It’s important for us to ________ calm when we are trapped in a disaster.
A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．keeps
( )24．While she ________ TV, her mother came back.
A．watches B．watched C．is watching D．was watching
( )25．—Why didn’t you answer my call
—I ________ in the shower.
A．was taking B．took C．am taking D．take
二、用所给词的适当形式填空（共20小题）
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。
1．My little sister loves jumping in puddles on a ________ (rain) day.
2．After the typhoon, they helped to clean up the __________ (neighbour).
3．________ (lucky), no one was hurt in the small earthquake.
4．It’s ________ (usual) for him to be late because he is always on time.
5．It’s known that ________ (know) is the treasure that we can keep all our lives.
6．The teacher ________ (near) lost her temper when the students kept talking in class.
7．It’s ________ (possible) going to rain tomorrow, so don’t forget your umbrella.
8．People in the mountain area need enough ________ (supply) to live through the cold winter.
9．If you sleep ________ (sound) at night, you will have enough energy to study next day.
10．The strong wind ________ (beat) against the windows heavily when we stayed at home last night.
11．The girl ________ (hide) behind the big tree when the sudden storm arrived yesterday.
12．________ (sudden), a strong wind blew up and changed the weather completely.
13．The loud noise from the street made all of us feel ________ (terrible) uncomfortable last night.
14．We all admire those brave ________ (hero) who try their best to help others in trouble.
15．The little boy felt ________ (bad) of all the kids after he caught a bad cold on rainy days.
16．The writer’s ________ (think) about life is quite different from that of other young people.
17．________ (thankful), most students have learned how to protect themselves in dangerous situations.
18．Many ________ (report) are working hard to record what happened during the natural disaster.
19．In our team, all the ________ (volunteer) must volunteer ________ (help) others with asking for nothing.
20．All the villagers should be well ________ for the coming drought. Make any possible ________, or we will suffer from a great loss. (prepare)
三、选词填空（共10小题）
阅读下面短文，从方框中选择合适的单词，每词限用一次。方框中有两项为多余选项。
A.because B. dangerous C. suddenly D. swept E. out F. but G. worst H. volunteers I. when J. refused K. hit L. safe
In August 2022, China experienced a great heatwave, the 1． since 1961. It caused drought in different parts of the country. The heatwave 2． the southwestern city of Chongqing very hard. Large wildfires 3． through the forests and mountains there. Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and 4． all worked together to keep the people and their homes 5． . They put out the fires, brought more than 1,500 people to safety and warned others to stay away from 6． areas. It was very hard to fight the fires 7． of the high temperatures and changeable winds, 8． the rescue workers 9． to give up. By the end of August, they managed to put 10． all the fires.
四、语法填空（共10小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。
A group of hiking lovers once decided to climb an unfamiliar mountain. Since the weather report said it might be 1． (rain), Jack’s brother warned them of the challenges they would face. However, they were too excited to listen.
In the beginning, everything went well. The sun was shining brightly and they 2． (chat) and laughing as they walked. But the wind grew stronger as they went higher. All of 3． sudden, they found they had taken a wrong path (路线).
Realizing things were going wrong, they felt helpless. Jack, the group leader, grew worried. He remembered 4． (read) about the area before. Now, he realized they were in trouble, especially with limited (有限的) 5． (supply).
Then it started to rain heavily 6． they were trying to find the way back. They all got wet soon. It wasn’t the 7． (bad). The muddy ground made it difficult for them to move forward! When the rain slowed, they continued to find their way back.
8． (thankful), a rescue team was sent out when they failed to return by nightfall, and Jack became their hero for keeping everyone calm. From this experience, they learnt a valuable lesson about the importance 9． preparation and caution(谨慎). They told 10． (they) that they would not make the same mistake again.
五、完成句子（共15小题）
按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1．他迟到了，因为他的闹钟没有响。
He was late because his alarm didn’t ________ ________.
2．突然，雷声在天空中轰鸣起来。
________ ________ ________ ________, thunder rolled across the sky.
3．天气预报说一场暴风雪将要袭击我们的城市。
The ________ ________ said that a snowstorm would hit our city.
4．当我在写作业时，我妹妹在听音乐。
________ I ________ ________ my homework, my sister ________ ________ to music.
5．他一听到这个消息，就立刻冲出了房间。
________ ________ ________ he heard the news, he rushed out of the room.
6．We should prepare emergency supplies to deal with natural disasters.（改为一般疑问句）
________ we ________ emergency supplies to deal with natural disasters
7．自从我们开始这个单元，我们已经学习了很多关于自然灾害的知识。
Since we started this unit, we ________ ________ a lot about natural disasters.
8．你过去常常害怕暴风雨吗？是的，我常害怕。
________ you ________ ________ be afraid of storms Yes, I did.
9．跑了四十分钟后，他上气不接下气。
After running for forty minutes, he was ________ ________ ________.
10．They were playing basketball at this time yesterday. (改为否定句)
They ________ ________ basketball at this time yesterday.
11．The rain stopped. We went home. (用when合并句子)
We ________ ________ ________ the rain stopped.
12．每次考试前做好准备可以帮助学生取得更好的成绩。
________ ________ ________ before each exam can help students get better scores.
13．Mr Jones was watching TV when the typhoon happened. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ Mr Jones ________ when the typhoon happened
14．I was reading a book at 7:00 yesterday evening.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
—________ you ________ a book at 7:00 yesterday evening
—________, I ________.
15．当你遇到困难时，我很高兴帮助你。
When you ________ ________ trouble, I am happy to help you.答案解析
单元重点词汇、短语自测
一、 重点单词默写
【名词】
1. earthquake 2. flood 3. block 4. relative 5. truck
6. power 7. temper 8. typhoon 9. wildfire 10. snowstorm
11. drought 12. tsunami 13. roof 14. tornado 15. knowledge
16. hero 17. alarm 18. safety 19. firefighter 20. storm
【动词】
1. warn 2. beat 3. hide 4. refuse
【形容词/副词】
1. almost/nearly 2. thick 3. usual 4. nearby 5. terrible
6. sudden 7. powerful 8. sound 9. bad 10. thankful
11. lucky
【兼类词】
1.wave 2. interview 3. report 4. guard 5. volunteer
6. thunder 7. trouble
【代词/其他】
1.Since
二、单词词性转换专练
1. possibly；impossible 2. reporter 3. preparation
4. powerful 5. soundly 6. beat；beaten
7. hid；hidden 8. badly；worse；worst 9. thankful；thankfully
10. heroes 11. terribly 12. suddenly
13. usually；unusual 14. lucky；luckily；unlucky 15. rainy
三、重点短语默写
1. do housework 2. do homework 3. help with
4. take place 5. be prepared for 6. pay attention to
7. go on 8. go into 9. safety guard
10. except for 11. as soon as 12. alarm clock
13. wake up 14. go off 15. all of a sudden
16. by the time 17. out of breath 18. as a result
19. go wrong 20. instead of 21. take a step
22. take action immediately 23. at once/right away 24. thanks to/because of
25. sweep through
单元重点习题巩固
一、单项选择
1. D 解析：yesterday afternoon为具体时间短语，前面不加介词，故选D。
2. A 解析：beat against为固定搭配，意为“拍打；撞击”，故选A。
3. B 解析：暴风雨期间禁止待在户外，mustn’t表“禁止”，符合语境，故选B。
4. A 解析：used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，符合句意，故选A。
5. B 解析：灾难中保持冷静对安全很重要，important表“重要的”，故选B。
6. A 解析：warn sb. of sth.为固定搭配，意为“警告某人某事”，故选A。
7. A 解析：大雨引发洪水，cause表“导致；引发”，符合语境，故选A。
8. B 解析：昨晚没睡好，今晚想早点睡着，fall asleep表“睡着”，故选B。
9. D 解析：地震发生时是过去具体时刻，用过去进行时，结构为were/was+doing，故选D。
10. B 解析：外面太吵请关窗，noisy表“吵闹的”，符合语境，故选B。
11. A 解析：女孩害怕得几乎说不出话，hardly表“几乎不”，含否定意义，故选A。
12. A 解析：while引导延续性动作的时间状语从句，主从句动作同时进行，故选A。
13. A 解析：because of后接名词短语，because后接句子，a heavy snow为名词短语，故选A。
14. A 解析：go off意为“（闹钟）发出响声”，符合句意，故选A。
15. C 解析：see sb./sth. doing sth.表“看见某人/某物正在做某事”，故选C。
16. A 解析：广播新闻为过去发生的事，用一般过去时，say的过去式为said，故选A。
17. D 解析：since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，结构为have/has+done，故选D。
18. B 解析：现在知道暴风雨不像想的那么危险，dangerous表“危险的”，故选B。
19. A 解析：It takes sb. some time to do sth.为固定句型，yesterday用过去式took，故选A。
20. C 解析：yesterday为过去时间，用一般过去时，write的过去式为wrote，故选C。
21. D 解析：答语为学习自救的方式，用how提问“如何”，故选D。
22. A 解析：Tom通常担心自然灾害，所以常练习安全技能，usually表“通常”，故选A。
23. A 解析：It’s important for sb. to do sth.，to后接动词原形keep，故选A。
24. D 解析：while引导过去进行时从句，结构为was/were+doing，故选D。
25. A 解析：没接电话时正在洗澡，用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing，故选A。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. rainy 解析：修饰名词day用形容词rainy。
2. neighbourhood 解析：the后接名词neighbourhood，表“街区”。
3. Luckily 解析：修饰整个句子用副词Luckily。
4. unusual 解析：他从不迟到，迟到不寻常，用unusual。
5. knowledge 解析：作主语用名词knowledge。
6. nearly 解析：修饰动词lost用副词nearly。
7. possibly 解析：修饰动词rain用副词possibly。
8. supplies 解析：enough后接可数名词复数supplies。
9. soundly 解析：修饰动词sleep用副词soundly。
10. beat 解析：last night用一般过去时，beat过去式为beat。
11. hid 解析：yesterday用一般过去时，hide过去式为hid。
12. Suddenly 解析：修饰整个句子用副词Suddenly。
13. terribly 解析：修饰形容词uncomfortable用副词terribly。
14. heroes 解析：those后接可数名词复数heroes。
15. worst 解析：of all表范围，用最高级worst。
16. thought 解析：writer’s后接名词thought。
17. Thankfully 解析：修饰整个句子用副词Thankfully。
18. reporters 解析：many后接可数名词复数reporters。
19. volunteers；to help 解析：all后接复数volunteers；volunteer to do sth.表“自愿做某事”。
20. prepared；preparation 解析：be prepared for为固定搭配；possible后接名词preparation。
三、选词填空
1. G 解析：the worst since 1961表“1961年以来最严重的”。
2. K 解析：hit表“袭击”，符合热浪袭击重庆的语境。
3. D 解析：sweep through表“席卷”，野火席卷山林。
4. H 解析：volunteers与消防员、警察并列，表“志愿者”。
5. L 解析：keep…safe表“使……安全”。
6. B 解析：stay away from dangerous areas表“远离危险区域”。
7. A 解析：because of后接名词短语，表“因为高温和多变的风”。
8. F 解析：but表转折，尽管困难但救援人员不放弃。
9. J 解析：refuse to do sth.表“拒绝做某事”。
10. E 解析：put out表“扑灭”，扑灭所有火灾。
四、语法填空
1. rainy 解析：be后接形容词rainy表“下雨的”。
2. were chatting 解析：and连接并列结构，与laughing一致用过去进行时。
3. a 解析：all of a sudden为固定短语，表“突然”。
4. reading 解析：remember doing sth.表“记得做过某事”。
5. supplies 解析：limited后接可数名词复数supplies。
6. when/while 解析：引导时间状语从句，表“当……时”。
7. worst 解析：the worst表“最糟糕的事”。
8. Thankfully 解析：修饰整个句子用副词Thankfully。
9. of 解析：the importance of…表“……的重要性”。
10. themselves 解析：tell oneself表“告诉自己”，主语为they用themselves。
五、完成句子
1. go；off 解析：go off表“（闹钟）响”。
2. All；of；a；sudden 解析：all of a sudden表“突然”。
3. weather；report 解析：weather report表“天气预报”。
4. While；was；doing；was；listening 解析：while引导过去进行时，do homework和listen to music为延续性动作。
5. As；soon；as 解析：as soon as表“一……就……”。
6. Should；prepare 解析：含should的句子变一般疑问句，should提前，后接动词原形。
7. have；learned/learnt 解析：since引导从句，主句用现在完成时。
8. Did；use；to 解析：used to do变一般疑问句用Did…use to…。
9. out；of；breath 解析：out of breath表“上气不接下气”。
10. weren’t；playing 解析：过去进行时变否定句，在were后加not。
11. went；home；when 解析：when引导时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时。
12. Being；prepared 解析：动名词短语作主语，be prepared for表“做好准备”。
13. What；was；doing 解析：对动作提问用what，过去进行时结构为was/were+doing。
14. Were；reading；No；wasn’t 解析：过去进行时变一般疑问句，were提前，否定回答用No, I wasn’t。
15. get；into 解析：get into trouble表“遇到困难”。

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