资源简介

参考答案
1．tends
2．gives
3．lies
4.are dying
5.is leaving
6.are running
7.led
8.abandoned
9.will disappear
10.．will develop
11.is going to rain
12.is going to study
13.to be built
14.will be having
15.have joined
16.has revolutionized
17.had been
18.will have reached
19.had lain/had been lying
20.had been discussing
21.have been saved
22.had been decorated
23.had been translated
24.will have been donated
25.be dismissed
26.had been involved
27.is being destroyed
28.is released
29.were being repaired
30.has been raised2026高中英语语法—动词的时态与语态讲练
第一部分：知识讲解
一、动词的时态
英语的动词在表示不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态时，要用不同的形式来表示。英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。常用的时态有十种。
1．一般现在时
(1)表示现在经常性的、习惯性的、反复的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually， often，sometimes，every day 等。
I usually do my homework in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。
(2)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
(3)表示科学事实、客观真理或自然现象(在过去的语境中也用一般现在时)。
The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
(4)表示按时间表、时刻表、日程表等将要发生的动作，只限于go，arrive，leave，start，return， begin，come，take off 等动词(短语)。
The flight takes off at 8 ∶30 every Wednesday and Friday.这个航班每周三和周五8 ∶30 起飞。
用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
The film shows the true meaning of friendship.
2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，three years ago，the other day 等时间状语连用。
He arrived at school at 9 ∶00 am yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。
(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。
I didn’t pass the exam，which made my parents very angry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。
(3)时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
3．一般将来时
(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时作出的决定。
It is said that he will retire next month.据说他将于下个月退休。
—What time is it？——几点了？
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.——我不知道。请稍等，我帮您查一下。
“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。
(3)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.今天上午11 点我要去见布朗先生。
(4)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将做某事，不与具体的时间状语连用。
Work is about to start on a new factory building.新厂房即将动工。
4．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He is playing basketball on the playground.他正在操场上打篮球。
(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move 等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。
John as well as his sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning.约翰和他的姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。
(3)与always，often，constantly 等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感彩。感彩可褒可贬。
The girl is always talking aloud in public.这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话。
5．过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。
Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this morning.今天上午11 点 格林太太正准备午餐。
(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while 引导的时间状语从句连用。
The teacher came in while the boy was reading a novel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。
(3)一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常见动词有go，
come，leave，start，arrive。
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。
6．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。
Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then.
不要在五点至六点之间给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。
7．现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有already，ever，just(刚刚)， yet 等。
He has turned off the light.(＝The light is off now.)他已经关灯了。
(2)表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在。常与之连用的时间状语有lately，recently， until now，ever since，in the last(past)few days/years，up to now，so far 等。
In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。
(3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。
This/That/It is the first/second/...time that＋现在完成时
This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting/...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时
This is the first time that I have made a speech.这是我第一次做演讲。
It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
8．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by＋过去时间点，by the end of＋过去时间点，by the time＋从句，until/before/since＋过去时间点或从句。
I had put away my cellphone before my father came back.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把我的手机收起来了。
(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中，主句常用过去完成时。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner 置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
No sooner had they rushed out of the house than it burnt down.他们刚从房子里冲出来房子就烧塌了。
(3)动词hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose 的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hoped to go home from work ahead of time.我本希望提前下班回家。(但未能如愿)
9．过去将来时
(1)表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
She said she would retire the next year.她说她明年就退休了。
I wondered what my son would say the next moment.我想知道儿子接下来会说什么。
(2)三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构：was/were going to＋动词原形；was/were to＋动词原形； was/were about to＋动词原形。
was/were going to＋动词原形表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。
He told me he was going to get married the next week.他告诉我他打算下周结婚。
was/were about to＋动词原形表示过去即将要发生的动作。常构成句型was/were about to do when
She was about to say something more，and then checked herself.她还想说几句，接着又克制住了自己。
10．现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.这些年来，他们一直向我们杂志投稿。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们常常见面。
注意除了前面讲解中提到的一些句型外，还要熟记以下固定句型中的时态：
(1)be doing...when...，when 前面的句子常用过去进行时，when 后面的句子常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。
(4)It is (high/about)time that sb...，that 后面的句子要用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。
二、动词的语态
语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
主动句：He gave me some valuable advice.
被动句：Some valuable advice was given by him to me./ I was given some valuable advice by him.
主动语态变被动语态
主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走：第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式，第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。
主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况：
第一种句型：主语+谓语+宾语，主语与宾语交换位置。例如：
I sent an e-mail last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。（主动结构）
An e-mail was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里（由我）发出了。（被动结构）
第二种句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语，将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。例如：
My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。（主动结构）
A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构）
I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构）
第三种句型：主语+谓语+复合宾语，将其中的宾语提到句首，而将宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置。
We found him lying under the tree.我们发现他躺在树底下。（主动结构，宾语补足语为现在分词。）
He was found lying under the tree.他被发现躺在树底下。（被动结构，主动结构的宾语补足语lying under the tree在此变成了主语补足语。）
十种形式的被动语态的结构
1.一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are +过去分词
A lot of books are kept in our school library.我们学校图书馆保存许多藏书。
2.一般过去时被动语态 was/were +过去分词
They were asked to speak at the meeting.他们被邀请在会议上讲话。
3.现在进行时被动语态 is/am/are+ being +过去分词
A new library is being put up in their school now.他们学校正在建新图书馆。
4.过去进行时被动语态 was/were+ being +过去分词
The door was being painted at that time.那时门还在油漆。
5.一般将来时被动语态 shall/will +be+过去分词
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开。
6.过去将来时被动语态 should/would +be +过去分词
They said the work would be finished the next day.他们说这项工作第二天就能完成。
7.现在完成时被动语态 have/has +been +过去分词
My bag has been stolen.我的包被偷了。
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year.从去年开始我收集了许多邮票。
8.过去完成时被动语态 had +been +过去分词
She said this airport had never been used.她说这个机场没有使用过。
9. 情态动词的被动态：情态动词must/can/may/might/need/should/dare+be +过去分词
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
10. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 过去分词
There are twenty trees to be planted
使用被动语态应注意的事项
及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。例如：
English is spoken in every country in the world.英语在世界各国都有人使用。（及物）
Children sleep soundly.小孩子睡得香。（不及物）
某些不及物动词与介词或副词构成不可分割的短语时，如有宾语，可用被动语态。例如：
The speaker was listened to carefully.人们聆听发言人的讲话。
This lesson must be gone over again.这课书必须再复习一遍。
2、特殊结构的被动形式
(1)双宾动词的被动结构
某些动词（如：give, send, pay, tell, lend, offer, show, throw, hand, bring, buy, get, make, leave等）有时带两个宾语，有形成两种结构的可能，双宾动词变为被动结构时，一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，直接宾语不变。这一保留不变的宾语叫做保留宾语。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，间接宾语之前则应加介词to(可省去)或for(一般不可省)。如：
He gave me a book.有人给我一本书。
变为被动语态时可能是：
I was given a book (by him).（比较常用）
A book was given to me (by him).
He bought me a new bike.
A new bike was bought for me.
(2)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
A boy saw him enter the house. →He was seen to enter the house.
在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态： 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组，基本上由
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成 如：
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is suggested that… 据建议
主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1、动词want, need, require, deserve作“需要”解释时，后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意思，这时动名词和句中的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
2.“系动词look, sound, feel, taste, smell, prove, appear+形容词”构成的系表结构，主动表示被动意思。例如：
— I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. — Sounds good.
表示某种属性特征的动词，如“write, read, sell, keep, dry, eat, wash+副词”，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well. The book sells well. 这本书销路好
形容词worth后接动名词，主动表示被动意思。例如：
This book is 30 dollars, but it is worth reading.
不定式to blame表示被动意思。例如：
Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
某些动词不能构成被动语态：
A. 动词leave, enter, reach等的宾语是表示住所、地点等时；
B. 表示状态的动词become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, seem, resemble, suit, look like等；
C. 下列不及物动词和短语动词appear, die, disappear, happen, lie, occur, rise, agree with, belong to, break out, consist of, have on, keep up with, lose heart, take place、break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
第二部分 实战练习
给括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。
1.She (tend) to be shy in public, but she’s very talkative at home
2.When heated, the coal (give) off heavy smoke, making it difficult for people to breathe.
3.At the foot of the mountain (lie) a famous middle school, where many children begin to pursue their dreams.
4.Unfortunately, wild animals are being over hunted, and some of them _______ (die) out
5.The train __________ (leave) in 10 minutes, so we must hurry to the platform before it’s too late.
6.Food supplies in the flood -stricken area _________ (run) out. We must act immediately before there’s none left
7.His lack of sleep (lead) to a serious mistake at work last week.
8.The children (abandon) their game and ran to watch the parade.
9.The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they ____ (disappear) within a few days
10.With more practice, she _________ (develop) strong communication skills in the coming three years.
11.Look at the dark clouds! It ________ (rain) heavily in a few minutes.
12.She has made up her mind. She (study) psychology at university next year
13.It was reported that another bridge was ________________ (build) across the river the next year.
14.Don’t call me at 9 tonight. I _________ (have) an online meeting then
15.So far, more than 100 volunteers ______ (join) the water protection project.
16.Artificial intelligence, along with robotics, _______ (revolutionize) modern healthcare over the past few years.
17.There_____________(be) a number of failures before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully.
18.By the year 2050, the world’s population _____ (reach) approximately 9.7 billion, according to UN projections.
19.By the time the rescue team reached the cave, the injured climber ____ (lie) there for nearly two days
20.We _____ (discuss) the problem for two hours when the teacher came in.
21.Since the new policy took effect, large quantities of oil ____ (save) by energy-efficient measures.
22.A huge Christmas tree ____________________ (decorate) with mini cars before we got to the hall.
23.This novel _________ (translate) into more than 20 languages before its author won the international literary prize
24.It is reported that more than 500 new books ______________ (donate) to the mountain school by the end of this month.
25.Employees can ________________ (dismiss) for causing great losses to the company
26.When I asked him about the accident, he admitted that he (involve) in a similar incident earlier.
27.At present, many a farm __________ (destroy) because of the unsustainable land use and worsening droughts.
28.The heat _____________ (release) back into space at longer wavelengths.
29.The damaged ancient paintings __________ (repair) by the experts in the museum when the visitors arrived there
30.A large sum of money ___________ (raise) to the charity since it was set up last December.

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