资源简介

2026年高考英语新课标Ⅰ卷真题规律训练
阅读理解
模块一：事实细节·同义替换满分突破
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·南京盐城一模《B篇-第1,2,3题》，考点为 事实细节·同义替换 + 推理判断。
Improving fitness was Dion Leonard's inspiration for starting marathon recreationally together with his wife Lucja, and then as race competitors. After finishing sixth in a South African race, he traveled to China to compete in a 155-mile race across the Gobi Desert. On the first day, he noticed a small stray dog wandering around the campsite, where amused competitors fed her with their own limited supplies. On day two, Dion and the dog took some time to warm up to each other, and she even tried to chew his running equipment. Dion soon named her Gobi.
Besides having completed a race requiring remarkable physical strength together, they also overcame emotionally trying circumstances when tasked with saving a severely worn-out competitor, ultimately costing them first place in the race. Through thick and thin, Dion and Gobi survived together and had no intentions of parting ways at the finish line. Determined to adopt Gobi and take her back to his home in Scotland, Dion launched a crowdfunding campaign that proved wildly successful. He later donated all extra funds to stray dog rescue organizations. However, disaster struck: Gobi went missing in Urumqi while awaiting an official approval to leave China.
Despite the language barrier and the city's 3 million population, Dion immediately flew back to search for her. By then, their heartwarming story had gained international media coverage, inspiring hundreds of Chinese volunteers to join in his search. Thankfully, Gobi was found. The reunion did more than bring them back together; it helped people of different cultures grow closer together as well.
The pair now live happily in Tucson. Dion has written and published books documenting his and Gobi's story—the children's book tells a visual story through Gobi's eyes while the adult book (a New York Times bestseller called Finding Gobi) addresses themes such as Dion's upbringing that drove him not to leave Gobi behind. The different angles educate about everything from the value of exercise to animal welfare to overcoming obstacles.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A. Dion quickly formed a bond with Gobi.
B. The organizers provided limited supplies.
C. Gobi amused runners by chewing equipment.
D. Dion competed in the race to adopt a stray dog.
2. Why did Dion launch a crowdfunding campaign
A. To finance his search for Gobi.
B. To help rescue other stray dogs.
C. To cover the cost of bringing Gobi back home.
D. To obtain an approval for Gobi to leave China.
3. Which of the following best describes Dion's books
A. Critical and cross-cultural.
B. Motivational and time-honored.
C. Innovative and fantasy-rooted.
D. Heartfelt and multi-dimensional.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·沧州运东七县一模《B篇-第1,2,3题》，考点为 事实细节·直接定位 + 同义替换。
In the remote mountains of Guizhou, China, 72-year-old Li Wei has spent five decades preserving a disappearing art form: the ancient folk songs of the Miao ethnic group. As a child, Li would follow her grandmother to village gatherings, mesmerized by complex melodies passed down through oral tradition. "Those songs were our history books," she recalls. "But by the 1990s, only a handful of elders could sing them."
Determined to rescue this cultural heritage, Li began documenting every song she could find. With limited resources, she walked for hours to reach isolated villages, recording lyrics in worn notebooks and capturing tunes on a cassette player. Her persistence faced skepticism. "People asked why I wasted time on 'old things' when the young were leaving for cities," she told The New York Times.
A turning point came in 2010 when Li's collection was discovered by ethnomusicologists from Beijing Conservatory. This led to digital archiving projects and youth workshops. Today, her efforts have revived over 300 nearly extinct songs. Li's most significant contribution is the "Echoes of the Clouds" program, which trains local children during summer vacations. "I teach them that these songs carry our ancestors' wisdom about nature and life," she explains.
Despite international recognition, Li refuses to leave her village. "My place is here, where the songs were born," she states. Her resilience has inspired a new generation; three of her students now study ethnomusicology at universities. "Grandma Li showed us that cultural roots give wings to the future," said 19-year-old participant Yang Min.
4. What motivated Li Wei to preserve Miao folk songs
A. Government funding for ethnic research.
B. Requests from university scholars.
C. Desire for personal fame.
D. Her childhood exposure to their cultural significance.
5. How did Li Wei's work gain wider recognition
A. By publishing academic papers.
B. Via social media campaigns.
C. Through ethnomusicologists' discovery.
D. Through local children's performances.
6. What does the underlined word "resilience" in paragraph 4 most likely mean
A. Financial success.
B. Community influence.
C. Persistent determination.
D. Artistic talent.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·黄冈中学标考《B篇-第1,2,3题》，考点为 事实细节·同义替换。
When I wrote my first book three years ago, the words came naturally. Eight weeks of even rhythm and it was finished with ease. So when I sat down to write my second book, I expected the same effortless flow. Instead, I found myself staring at a blinking typing line that seemed to flash with quiet accusation. I couldn't begin.
Day after day, I repeated the same routines: I set up the perfect workspace, blocked out hours for writing, and reread old pages that had once made me proud. None of it helped. For a while, I blamed myself, mistaking my procrastination for laziness or lack of discipline. Still, the familiar motions kept me occupied while the work itself remained still.
Eventually, exhaustion softened my stress, and I stopped pushing. What if the resistance was trying to tell me something I opened my journal and started writing—not about the book, but about why I couldn't write it. The truth that poured out was simple and childlike: What if this book isn't as good as the first What if readers decide a woman like me has already said everything she knows Beneath the delay, I found fear—not of the work, but of judgment. Procrastination had become a safety net; staying still meant avoiding being seen and possibly found lacking.
So I tried something different. I set a timer for five minutes and wrote whatever came. A sentence, half an idea, a small whisper of a scene. My hand moved first, and my mind followed. Piece by piece, those small beginnings grew into the book I had been afraid to start.
By the time I finished, I saw procrastination differently. It was never merely delay. It was a quiet dialogue between the part of me that wants to try and the part that fears the fall. What I once called wasted time was, in truth, the stillness before courage—the quiet reward of writing.
7. Why did the author keep following the same routines
A. To look for creative inspiration.
B. To overcome her procrastination.
C. To gain a false sense of progress.
D. To improve her writing technique.
8. What actually prevented the author from writing
A. Lack of new ideas.
B. Pursuit of perfection.
C. Desire for social fame.
D. Concern over disapproval.
9. How did the author manage to restart her writing
A. By taking one step at a time.
B. By focusing on small details.
C. By reflecting on the outcome.
D. By following a flexible schedule.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·江西三新联考《B篇-第1,2,3题》，考点为 事实细节·同义替换 + 推理判断。
Sports have always been a measure of physical and mental perfection. Nowadays, athletes are paid wheelbarrows of money to play a game for our entertainment, accelerating their push to be the best and intensifying pressure to achieve. However, in a small town in Utah, teams are built around including athletes of all physical and mental abilities. The result is an experience more worthwhile than just winning games.
Enter the Unified Sports Program at Salem Hills High School in Central Utah, a sports league like no other. It's not designed to move the best team to the top or to reward the best players. Unified Sports combines roughly an equal number of Special Olympics athletes with athlete students without intellectual disabilities on the same team to assist them with understanding the game and having a positive experience. It's like every special athlete has a personal coach on the field with them at all times. And watching the game, it's hard to tell who is having the most fun.
"Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt", is the motto for Special Olympians and Unified athletes. For the students volunteering their time to pair up with a Unified athlete, the win is in the tie. Students say they have never had so much fun in a game. Gone is the pressure to achieve, replaced by the depth of humanity we all share—the friendship, the joy, the optimism for the future, when they realize anything really is possible if we all help each other out. The games are also well attended by the student body, with every goal celebrated wildly.
Sports can be a celebration of peak performance, but it is much richer when it celebrates the triumph of selflessness and the power of bringing people together. It's time to go back to the roots of why we participate in sports; to soar above competition to a better place, as only humans can.
10. What makes the Unified Sports Program different
A. It rewards the top student players.
B. It focuses on physical perfection.
C. It pairs athletes of different abilities.
D. It provides coaches for each athlete.
11. What do volunteering students gain most through the program
A. A relief from academic pressure.
B. A chance to become professionals.
C. A sense of achievement in winning.
D. A rewarding connection with partners.
12. What is the deeper value of sports according to the author
A. Promoting inclusion.
B. Entertaining the audience.
C. Pushing one's limits.
D. Achieving peak performance.
模块二：推理判断·跨段整合
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·福州4月适应性练习《C篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 推理判断·跨段整合 + 单段推断 + 主旨大意。
My great-grandfather moved to Mexico over a century ago. He learned Spanish and raised five children in a mixed German-Mexican household, but he didn't teach them German, and the language was lost in one generation. Yet three generations later, my children recovered it during visits to Germany. This story is a case study about human cognition.
When bilinguals switch languages, they choose the right language system by mapping contexts to responses while keeping output consistent. This mechanism works across fields. Taxi drivers develop brain adaptations to manage thousands of routes and pick the best one. Professional musicians constantly switch between musical notes, rhythms, and emotional expressions, requiring frequent cognitive adjustments. Learning, understanding, and adaptation are all forms of translation—matching expectations with the environment. This reframes intelligence itself. Intelligence isn't just computation within a single domain. It's the ability to move between domains, to translate meaning into action.
This matters urgently because of AI. Large language models process information at massive scales and match humans on many tasks, but they are stuck in computational frameworks. They fail when the environment changes in ways unforeseen by training data, lacking domain translation, physical experience, and real life.
Humans survive change by switching cognitive domains: when one system fails, we turn to another—from symbolic thought to sensory experience. This flexibility is our greatest strength. We are not just information processors; we are domain translators. If cross-domain translation is our fundamental adaptive mechanism, succeeding in the AI age means strengthening this ability: identifying domain traps, translating across domains, and building cognitive architectures that facilitate domain switching.
AI will continue improving at fixed-domain tasks, but only humans can move between disconnected domains. The future won't belong to those who process the most information, but to those who translate between humans and AI, between multiple meaning systems, and between our present and future selves. Adaptation is essentially translation. And translation is fundamentally human.
13. Why does the author mention the family story
A. To stress human capacity.
B. To present a language bias.
C. To praise family education.
D. To illustrate a mechanism.
14. What is the intelligence reframed in paragraph 2
A. Effective action-taking.
B. Computational abilities at scale.
C. Cross-field translation.
D. Constant shifts in thoughts.
15. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Human's cognitive advantage.
B. Human's intellectual domain.
C. AI's multi-system adaptability.
D. AI's huge information storage.
16. Who would have a brighter future based on the last paragraph
A. Those processing much information.
B. Those adapting to different domains.
C. Those concentrating on a fixed field.
D. Those developing meaning systems.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·郑州二测《C篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 推理判断·写作手法 + 单段推断 + 跨段整合。
Being self-employed, I often check my bank balance, feeling relief when payments are received and anxiety when bills empty my account. Money's ups and downs strongly affect my mood, especially during the holidays, when every festival activity seems to come with a price tag. Despite my financial stability—owning a home with my wife, low costs, and savings—money often feels like an emotional burden.
Elizabeth Husserl, author of The Power of Enough: Finding Joy in Your Relationship with Money, explains that money is deeply personal. "The same amount means different things based on lifestyles and choices," she says. Rising expenses can cause anxiety and lead people to focus too much on making or saving money, taking attention away from other important aspects of life. This pursuit can harm mental health, creating a life where money becomes both a scapegoat and a distraction from unmet emotional needs.
Husserl highlights that while financial security forms a baseline, money alone cannot bring satisfaction. Some people spend their lives saving without enjoying the fruits of their labor, while others turn to emotional spending, like shopping, to deal with stress, covering deeper issues like loneliness or a lack of purpose. True wealth, she argues, comes from recognizing these emotional drives and matching finances with life priorities.
To build a healthier relationship with money, Husserl recommends understanding the emotional reasons behind spending, setting clear priorities, and redefining wealth. Practical steps include journaling about feelings toward money and taking the time to evaluate the value of purchases. Broadening the definition of wealth to include relationships, health, and purpose helps balance financial goals with personal well-being.
Talking to Husserl shifted my view. While holiday spending remains a concern, I've begun to see it as typical for the season and feel more confident in recovering financially. Though my bank app doesn't always bring joy, it's a reminder of what truly makes me feel rich.
17. Why does the writer mention checking his bank balance regularly
A. To track his savings progress.
B. To manage his holiday spending.
C. To relieve his stress about finances.
D. To show money's emotional effect on him.
18. What does focusing too much on money lead to
A. Improved financial stability.
B. Neglect of life's other aspects.
C. Better management of emotions.
D. A stronger sense of purpose.
19. What does Husserl think of emotional spending
A. It's a strategy for dealing with stress.
B. It's an approach to financial priorities.
C. It's a temporary relief without resolution.
D. It's a way to manage emotional well-being.
20. What is the secret to building a healthy relationship with money
A. Balancing wealth with personal happiness.
B. Setting clear priorities for financial security.
C. Identifying the emotional causes of spending.
D. Focusing on saving and the value of purchases.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·广州二模《B篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 推理判断·单段推断 + 跨段整合 + 观点态度。
When Mia Woods retired at 61, she knew she needed a plan. "I was worried about losing my identity as a professional. What else can I be " she thought.
The year before, she had been told she had a mild memory problem. "I was trying to show myself that I could still think and be creative," she says. So she decided to do—rather than be—something new: bake a pie every day for a year and give each pie away. "It made me reach out every day to somebody, so I wouldn't be alone. And it gave me a routine," she says.
She baked her first pie and gave it to her 88-year-old aunt, Carol. As a teenager, Mia had moved in with her aunt's family when her mother became ill. "They gave me stability... It was the perfect first pie," she says. She went on giving pies to former colleagues, grocery clerks, even a homeless man. As word spread, she got known as "the pie lady".
For more than 30 years, Mia had worked as a city planner. "I'm a planner by nature, training and profession. What I really liked about it was that planning takes time, chaos, many different components, puts them all together and makes them into something manageable." She sees the same in baking pies: "You take a bunch of ingredients and create something out of them."
Twelve years on, Mia has continued to invent new projects, including writing a letter a day, and painting pictures of her local sky. She is writing a book about the pie experience. But she has learned more than baking. "What really came out of it was the understanding that I was someone who could do new things," she reflects. "And my professional identity wasn't critical to who I am."
"Even now, after I have an encounter with somebody, I think: 'There's a person I wish I could give a pie to.'" says Mia.
21. What was Mia's worry when she retired
A. Her serious mental problem.
B. Her being cut off from others.
C. Having no identity beyond career.
D. Having to change her daily routine.
22. Why did Mia give her first pie to her aunt
A. She had given Mia a home.
B. She had cared for Mia's mum.
C. She was the oldest in the family.
D. She had built Mia's stable character.
23. What do city planning and baking pies have in common according to Mia
A. Both require professional training.
B. Both make sense of mixed elements.
C. Both create something out of nothing.
D. Both connect people with one another.
24. What is Mia's reflection on her experience
A. Everyone in the world deserves a pie.
B. New challenges redefine who we are.
C. Opening up to changes takes courage.
D. Simple acts can bring people together.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·泰安二模《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 事实细节·同义替换 + 推理判断·跨段整合。
Experts have created an app that uses artificial intelligence to identify dinosaurs from the footprints they left behind millions of years ago.
"When we find a dinosaur footprint, we try to do the Cinderella thing, and find the foot that matches the slipper," said Prof Steve Brusatte. "But it's not so simple, because the shape depends not only on the dinosaur's foot, but also the type of ground it was walking on, and the motion of its foot."
Previous AI systems based their learning on footprints labelled as having been made by particular dinosaurs. However, if those identifications are incorrect then the AI system will also be problematic. "You never find a footprint and alongside it the dinosaur that made it," said Dr Gregor Hartmann. "So most likely, some of these labels are wrong."
Taking a different approach, the researchers fed their AI system with 2,000 unlabelled footprint shapes. The system then determined how similar the imprints were to each other. They discovered eight features that reflected variations in the imprints' shapes, such as the spread of the toes and heel position.
The team turned the system into a free app called DinoTracker that allows users to upload footprint shapes and explore the footprints most similar to them. The AI system supported what dinosaur experts had noticed: a set of footprints from the Triassic and early Jurassic period were remarkably bird-like, despite being 60 million years older than the oldest bird bones. Brusatte said this showed the similarities were not just wishful thinking. "If these tracks were made by birds, that would mean birds have a much older ancestry than we used to think."
However, it was far from case closed. Brusatte added, "I suspect it is more likely these tracks were made by other dinosaurs with very bird-like feet." Dr Jens Ballensack offered another explanation: the features identified by the new system were not necessarily based on the shape of the foot itself and the bird-like shape may result from a regular dinosaur's foot sinking into soft ground. "They are not evidence for an early appearance of birds," he said.
25. What makes it difficult to identify dinosaur footprints
A. The missing bones alongside footprints.
B. The soft ground where dinosaurs walked.
C. Unpredictable movements of dinosaur feet.
D. Various conditions affecting footprint shapes.
26. Why did the researchers use unlabelled footprint shapes
A. Because most labels were incorrect.
B. To test the similarities of the imprints.
C. To avoid being misled by wrong labels.
D. Because AI works better with unlabelled data.
27. What did the AI discover about the footprints from the Triassic period
A. They had eight new features.
B. They were left by early birds.
C. They were strikingly bird-like.
D. They were 60 million years old.
28. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Experts place full reliance on this app.
B. The footprints were made by early birds.
C. The system of the app has its limitations.
D. The results changed our knowledge of birds.
模块三：强干扰项·“部分正确+关键错误”精准辨析
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·河北百师联盟一模《A篇-第1,2,3题》，考点为 事实细节·直接定位 + 同义替换 + 强干扰项辨析。
Vienna City Marathon – 2026 Registration
The Vienna City Marathon is an annual event held in Vienna, Austria since 1984. Starting with fewer than 800 participants in 1984, it is now Austria's largest road running event with over 30,000 participants taking part in the two-day races. The event is spread over 2 days and includes Marathon, Half Marathon, Marathon Team Relay, etc.
Events Marathon Half Marathon Marathon Team Relay
Distance 42.2 km 21.1 km 42.2 km
Fees ?135 ?105 ?220
Details
Venue: Vienna Sports World, Marx Halle, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 19, 1030 Vienna
Date: Apr. 17 & Apr. 18; Timings: 9 am–7 pm.
Age Restrictions
Marathon: Participants must be at least 18 years old. Younger runners aged 16 and 17 can participate in the Half Marathon, and those aged 14 to 17 years can run in the Marathon Team Relay. Parents' written permission is required for all runners aged 14 to 17 years. Special permission from a sports doctor is needed for participation in the Marathon (if applicant is aged 16 & 17 years).
Important Points
Change of distance: Runners can change from marathon to half marathon distance during the race without prior notice. At the finish line they will receive a half marathon medal and will be listed in the half marathon results. However, there is no refund of the entry fee difference. On the contrary, it is not possible to switch from the half marathon to the marathon.
Dual event participation: Participants can run both the half marathon/ marathon along with relay marathon as long as they have registered for both events and are wearing both bibs.
Aid stations: There would be staffed refreshment points/ aid stations with water and sports drink every 5 km, from 15 km onwards. Bananas would also be available.
Contact Information
Website: www.vienna-marathon.com
Email: office@vienna-marathon.com
29. What's required of a 17-year-old runner participating in the Marathon
A. Paying additional fees.
B. Getting parents' permission.
C. Submitting the report card.
D. Filling in an extra registration form.
30. How much will a teenager pay at least for the event
A. ?135.
B. ?67.5.
C. ?220.
D. ?105.
31. What can a participant do during the race
A. Wear two bibs at the same time.
B. Receive a refund for registration.
C. Change from half marathon to marathon.
D. Get water from a station at 10 km point.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·湖南部分学校联考《A篇-第1,2,3题》，考点为 事实细节·直接定位 + 无中生有 + 张冠李戴。
When the valley turns gold and the air carries the cool promise of autumn, Green Valley Learning Farm opens its gates to high school students for a seasonal field trip.
Featured Activities
Harvest Lab: Check how healthy the soil is, learn how food waste can turn into plant food, and see how different seasons change the way plants grow.
Hayride History Tour: Ride on tractors through old parts of the farm and hear stories about how farmers water their fields and grow food for the community.
Orchard Exploration: Walk through apple and pear trees, watch how bees and other insects help flowers turn into fruit, and enjoy a snack picked right from the trees.
Autumn Market Challenge: Work with friends to set up a small market table, selling fruit and vegetables you pick from the farm.
Trip Details
Dates: Tuesdays to Fridays, October 2–25, with sessions lasting from 9:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.
Student Package: $15 per participant (includes all activities)
Adult Package: $10 per adult (only those who have been registered by the group can attend the trip)
One teacher for each group of over 20 students joins for free.
Guidelines
Visitors are recommended to dress in layers. No leather shoes are allowed. Bringing sunscreen and a water bottle is also a good idea.
Farm tools are not needed, but students will take part in hands-on activities. Printed maps will be given after your arrival. But remember there is no registration at the farm.
If anyone requires special help in getting around, their family or teachers should email info@greenvalleyfarm.org at least two days before the visit.
32. Which activity allows students to have a taste of fresh produce
A. Harvest Lab.
B. Hayride History Tour.
C. Orchard Exploration.
D. Autumn Market Challenge.
33. How much will a group of 21 students and 2 teachers be charged
A. $315.
B. $325.
C. $335.
D. $345.
34. What is advised for those joining the field trip
A. Wearing proper shoes.
B. Registering on the spot.
C. Bringing farm equipment.
D. Purchasing a printed map.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·江淮十校4月模拟《C篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 推理判断 + 事实细节 + 强干扰项辨析。
We've all been there. A breakup leaves you heartbroken, a family argument shakes your world, or work stress makes every day feel like a marathon. And suddenly, you are hitting the gym multiple times a week, signing up for courses you never intended to take, or buying clothes and tools as if your life depended on them.
From an evolutionary perspective, when a stressor threatens our emotional balance, the nervous system seeks quick wins. These quick wins release dopamine, the brain's feel-good chemical. Unfortunately, they also fuel thoughtless behavior, whether it is shopping or taking on multiple new projects at once.
Research on retail therapy shows that making choices about purchases can actually restore a sense of personal control when people feel sad or powerless. Choosing what to buy can reduce sadness because it gives the feeling of control over one's environment, even if the purchase itself has little long-term value. Losing control in one area of life pushes the brain to regain it somewhere else, and buying something or starting a project provides the same feeling.
While those behaviors can make us feel good in the moment, it is rarely sustainable. Pushing ourselves toward productivity or chasing dopamine through purchases does not resolve the emotional problems. Over time, this pattern reduces emotional resources. People who push themselves constantly without dealing with the emotional context are more likely to experience exhaustion. Emotion-driven projects and purchases can temporarily lift mood, but do not restore emotional balance.
Life's low points can push us into overdrive, making us feel that doing something is better than sitting with discomfort. That instinct is natural. The most powerful growth happens not from busyness or quick dopamine fixes, but from intentional action grounded in emotional awareness. When we notice our problems and act consciously, we can transform thoughtless behavior into sustainable strength.
35. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To present a common phenomenon.
B. To introduce different living habits.
C. To provide solutions to daily stresses.
D. To explain some emotional problems.
36. What can we infer about "quick wins"
A. They bring long-lasting benefits.
B. They lead to sadness and tiredness.
C. They remove thoughtless behavior.
D. They help regain a sense of control.
37. What will happen if people rely on emotional-driven projects
A. They will build up confidence.
B. They will achieve emotional balance.
C. They will consume emotional resources.
D. They will address the emotional context.
38. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Where Can We Get a Sense of Control
B. Why Do We Act Crazily When Feeling Down
C. What Role Does Dopamine Play in Our Mood
D. How Can We Transform Thoughtless Behavior
模块四：主旨大意·篇章结构
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·邯郸一模《C篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 事实细节 + 主旨大意·段落主旨 + 推理判断 + 主旨大意·最佳标题。
Scientists have discovered six species of cushion plants growing at a record-breaking height on Mount Shukule II in the Ladakh region of India. These plants were found on a small, rocky area no larger than a football field, and they are more resistant to cold and dry conditions than most plants.
The research team, led by Jiri Dolezal from the Czech Academy of Sciences, studied how plants respond to climate warming in this remote area. Reaching the site required a five-day journey from the nearest road, and the scientists suffered from sickness and extreme tiredness.
In contrast, the plants themselves were well adapted to the cold and dry environment. Each plant was very small, about the size of a coin, and contained a high amount of sugar that acted like natural antifreeze. Their leaves grew in a circular shape, helping them trap warm air and survive long, freezing winters. Although their roots were tiny, one root showed about 20 growth rings, suggesting that the plant had survived there for nearly two decades.
Climate change has warmed the Himalayas, allowing plants to grow higher as glaciers retreat. Dolezal estimates that during the short growing season, temperatures in this area have risen by about 6°C over the past decade. Plants need at least 40 frost-free days each year to grow, and such conditions are now appearing in the Himalayas.
"I'm surprised at the elevation—it's very high," says Jan Salick, a botanist at Missouri Botanical Garden in St Louis. But she is encouraged that plants may be able to move to higher altitudes than previously thought, and keep up with climate change.
As part of the research, she has found alpine plants in the Himalayas moving upwards at 0.06 metres a year, while the temperature band they usually occupy is outpacing them by rising at 6 metres a year. The fear is that the temperature increase is encouraging the tree line to rise too, which could reduce the space available for alpine plants.
39. What is a feature of the cushion plants
A. They depend on the fairly fertile soil.
B. They spread widely across the mountain.
C. They can tolerate cold and dryness.
D. They grow faster than other alpine plants.
40. What does the author intend to illustrate about the cushion plants in paragraph 3
A. How scientists discovered their habitat.
B. How they survive in the tough conditions.
C. Why they are important to the ecosystem.
D. Why they can reach a record-breaking height.
41. Why are plants likely to grow even higher in the Himalayas
A. Seeds are spreading more easily.
B. Mountain soils are becoming richer.
C. Their frost-free growing periods are extending.
D. Glaciers at the height are appearing in large numbers.
42. What is the best title for the text
A. Climate Change Helps Plants Grow Higher
B. Record-breaking Plants Were Found in the Himalayas
C. Cushion Plants Are the Most Resistant Plants in the World
D. Alpine Plants Face a Serious Survival Problem in the Himalayas
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·山东学业水平调研《B篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 推理判断 + 词义猜测 + 推理判断 + 主旨大意·最佳标题。
When I was twelve, my grandmother gave me an unusual task: to water her garden not with a hose, but with a small, bent tin cup. "The hose is too fast," she said, adjusting her straw hat. "It doesn't know when to stop. The cup makes you look at every leaf."
I grumbled, naturally. It took an hour to water what could have been done in ten minutes. I marched back and forth to the rain bucket, splashing water onto the thirsty soil. But as the weeks passed, the forced slowness began to change things. I started noticing the small dramas of the garden: the determined climb of a ladybug, the slight droop of a begonia that needed extra care, the way the soil darkened when it had truly had enough to drink.
One afternoon, I found a cocoon attached to a tomato vine. If I had been blasting away with the hose, I would have knocked it off. Instead, I sat and watched. Over the next few days, I saw the miracle of transformation. When the butterfly finally emerged, drying its wings in the sun, I felt a sense of ownership. I hadn't just watered a plant; I had protected a life.
Years later, working as a high-speed data analyst, I often felt overwhelmed by the constant flow of information. It was like the hose—too fast, too much, blindly covering everything. One day, stressed and burnt out, I remembered the tin cup. I turned off my monitors and printed out just one complex dataset. I sat with it, pencil in hand, looking at every "leaf" of data.
My boss was skeptical of my slow pace, until I found a critical error that the automated algorithms had missed. "How did you spot that " he asked. I smiled, thinking of the tomato vine. "I stopped using the hose," I said.
43. Why did the grandmother ask the author to water the garden with a tin cup
A. To save water during a drought.
B. To punish the author for laziness.
C. To encourage the author's patience.
D. To replace the broken hose.
44. What does "the small dramas of the garden" refer to in the second paragraph
A. The conflicts between different plants.
B. The subtle and lively details of nature.
C. The fascinating behaviors of garden creatures.
D. The plays performed in the garden.
45. How did the author's childhood experience influence his career
A. It made him focused and detailed.
B. It directly inspired his career choice.
C. It inspired him to take up gardening.
D. It encouraged him to quit his job.
46. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. The Joy of Slow Living
B. A Lesson from the Tin Cup
C. The Challenge of Data Analysis
D. The Way of Watering the Garden
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·潍坊二模《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 主旨大意·全文主旨 + 事实细节·同义替换 + 推理判断 + 事实细节·同义替换。
Human-driven climate change poses one of the most urgent challenges of our time, while individuals' decisions (e.g. how often people fly, what type of car they drive) play a substantial role in achieving net zero emissions. However, people hold widespread misperceptions regarding the effectiveness of their behaviors, affecting their commitment. Recently, a study was conducted to assess if climate action literacy interventions could influence their perceptions and willingness to act.
The study was based on 4,000 people recruited to take an online survey. A pre-test was conducted to rate their willingness to engage in the 21 carbon emission-reducing individual behaviours. Then they were randomly divided into two groups receiving climate literacy intervention. Participants in the first group were first asked to rank the effectiveness of the 21 individual behaviors, before being shown the true effectiveness ranking. The second group of participants received information about the carbon reduction potential of the same behaviors without the prediction step. During the post-test, participants in both groups, again, rated their willingness to adopt these individual behaviors. Besides, participants rated each behaviour on how easy or difficult it would be for them to engage in each item.
After the intervention, clear positive outcomes emerged for both groups: they expressed significantly greater willingness to adopt climate-friendly lifestyles. However, compared with passive exposure to information, active processing of new information contributes more to updating people's beliefs.
The study also highlighted what really motivated people to act in their personal lives. People will engage in lifestyle changes especially because they think it's easy to do, no matter how effective they are.
"The study is part of a broader research program investigating how scalable, low-cost interventions can affect behavior." Vlasceanu, a professor of environmental social sciences, said. "Climate change can be solved through choices and changes involving large numbers of people. Future experiments may compare literacy-based strategies with emotional appeals or personal storytelling to determine which approaches most effectively enhance individual engagement."
47. What does the study focus on
A. How climate change threatens our daily life.
B. Whether individual decisions affect carbon emissions.
C. How misunderstandings of environment get corrected.
D. Whether guidance affects people's environmental decisions.
48. What's the process of the experiment according to paragraph 2
A. Pre-test → Group Division → Literacy Intervention → Post-test
B. Pre-test → First Assessment → Methods Instruction → Post-test
C. Pre-test → Group Division → Instant Practice → Group Comparison
D. Pre-test → First Assessment → Instant Practice → Group Comparison
49. What can be inferred from the findings
A. People prefer effective actions to easy ones.
B. Tough actions are less effective in cutting carbon.
C. Active engagement leads to greater belief change.
D. Behavior effectiveness is key to action willingness.
50. What is the future research mainly about according to Vlasceanu
A. Adoption of novel research approaches.
B. Potential benefits of greater engagement.
C. Identification of top action-driving methods.
D. Practical needs of involving more participants.
模块五：词义猜测·语境推断
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·郑州二测《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 事实细节 + 词义猜测·语境推断 + 事实细节 + 主旨大意。
With growing global energy demands and mounting concerns over pollution and climate change, the shift to clean energy sources is important. While nuclear, wind, and solar energy have played significant roles as alternatives to fossil fuels, hydrogen energy is emerging as a key player in achieving carbon neutrality. According to Professor Liu Lifeng, hydrogen has the potential to decarbonize energy-intensive industries, thus contributing to net-zero emission goals.
However, traditional hydrogen production methods are infamous for their significant environmental impact. A cleaner and more sustainable approach involves producing hydrogen from water through electrolysis. Renewable energy-powered electrolysis is a promising method for producing "green" hydrogen, but freshwater shortage may stop large-scale expansion.
To address this challenge, Liu's team has pioneered a way to produce hydrogen from seawater. Seawater electrolysis, however, faces problems due to the presence of mixtures, which increase energy consumption and cause side reactions. To overcome these barriers, the team proposed a rather ingenious strategy involving the addition of hydrazine to seawater to enhance efficiency. Additionally, they chose platinum-tellurium foil, a highly effective catalyst that improves the process without causing harmful chemical side effects.
Their innovative device has produced promising results. This means that hydrogen can be produced from seawater without requiring external electricity, hence lowering production costs and improving flexibility in real-world applications.
Despite this significant breakthrough, challenges remain. Platinum, though an effective catalyst, is both costly and environmentally damaging to mine. The team is actively working to develop non-platinum catalysts that are both efficient and sustainable. Furthermore, hydrazine, although effective in reducing energy consumption, is highly harmful to human health. Future research will focus on identifying safer alternatives to hydrazine and further making use of the technology to ensure clean and sustainable hydrogen production.
51. Why is hydrogen energy unique
A. It is rare on the earth.
B. It costs less to produce.
C. It reduces carbon emission.
D. It needs no tech advancement.
52. What does the underlined word "ingenious" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Long-term.
B. Brilliant.
C. Complicated.
D. Conventional.
53. What can we learn about seawater electrolysis
A. Hydrazine is safe enough for widespread use.
B. It has completely solved the freshwater shortage.
C. It can operate on its own without needing energy.
D. The current catalyst is costly and bad for the environment.
54. What is the text mainly about
A. The combined impacts of various energy sources.
B. A breakthrough in hydrogen production from seawater.
C. The ways to cut the cost of seawater hydrogen production.
D. The wide application of renewable energy-powered electrolysis.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·黄冈中学标考《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 词义猜测·语境推断 + 事实细节·直接定位 + 事实细节·同义替换 + 推理判断。
What if the computers of tomorrow didn't depend on metal and plastic, but instead grew from the soil beneath our feet This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory, where researchers at The Ohio State University have found that common fungi—such as shiitake and button mushrooms—can be used to create memory components for computing.
These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors, short for memory resistors. Unlike traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. When current flows in one direction, their resistance increases; when it flows the opposite way, their resistance decreases. Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer.
Mushrooms contain a dense, thread-like network known as mycelium, which can send tiny electrical signals—much like memristors do. To test this, scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small electrical pulses through them. The results were remarkable: the mushrooms switched between electrical states up to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy. Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together—suggesting a kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together.
Beyond these exciting results, mushrooms come with major environmental advantages. Traditional memristors rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption. Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable, and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies.
"Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics—or as large as a culturing factory," said John LaRocco, the study's lead author. "All of it is achievable with the resources we already have." In the not-too-distant future, the computers on our desks may very well have taken root—quite literally—in the forest.
55. What does the underlined word "retain" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Track.
B. Store.
C. Gather.
D. Analyze.
56. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3
A. The complex structure of mushrooms.
B. The rapid electrical response of mycelium.
C. The cooperative nature of mycelium networks.
D. The unstable performance of mushroom devices.
57. What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4
A. They are rare and special.
B. They are smart and powerful.
C. They are creative and productive.
D. They are sustainable and adaptable.
58. What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco's words
A. It has a low barrier to entry.
B. It will advance forest research.
C. It helps reduce agricultural waste.
D. It will create more jobs in factories.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·南京盐城一模《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 词义猜测·语境推断 + 事实细节·同义替换 + 推理判断·观点态度 + 主旨大意·最佳标题。
In the early hours of March 13, 1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action.
To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latane conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual's sense of responsibility diffused—85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around.
They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people's failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others' inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene. This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know.
Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latane's classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities—Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town—Dr. Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents.
Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others.
59. What does the underlined word "diffused" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Weakened.
B. Shifted.
C. Continued.
D. Increased.
60. The bystander effect occurs primarily because people __.
A. are unwilling to help strangers
B. are influenced by urbanization
C. are discouraged by professionals
D. are unable to recognize an emergency
61. Which statement does Philpot probably agree with
A. Protecting others should be advocated.
B. Bystander responses rely on intervention types.
C. The tendency to help is rooted in human nature.
D. Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect.
62. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Cold Shoulder
B. The Blind Eye
C. A Willing Heart
D. A Still Tongue
模块六：D篇突破·高蓝思值长难句与信息密度攻坚
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·岳阳二模《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 事实细节·同义替换 + 事实细节 + 推理判断·跨段整合 + 推理判断·观点态度。
A tiny version of the developing cerebral cortex—a brain region involved in thinking, memory and problem-solving—has been grown in a lab dish with a system of blood vessels that closely resembles the real thing. This is one of the most detailed brain organoids created to date, and it will deepen our understanding of the brain.
Brain organoids, sometimes called mini-brains, are typically grown in lab dishes by bathing stem cells in a mixture of chemical cues, which stimulate them to form balls of cells. Since they were first created in 2013, these cerebral structures—whose electrical activity resembles newborn brains—have provided fresh insights into conditions such as schizophrenia and dementia.
But organoids have one big flaw: they typically start dying after a few months. That's because, while full-sized brains are equipped with a network of blood vessels to transport oxygen and nutrients, brain organoids can absorb these only from the dish in which they are grown, starving the innermost cells. This limits their size and complexity, and how well they resemble the developing brain. "It's a very big problem," says Lois Kistemaker at the University Medical Centre Utrecht in the Netherlands.
To address this, Ethan Winkler at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues grew human stem cells into cortical organoids, which mimic the developing cortex. Separately, they grew organoids made of blood vessel cells and placed them at both ends of each cortical organoid. After weeks, the blood vessels spread evenly throughout the mini-brains.
Imaging revealed the vessels had a hollow center or lumen, highly similar to those in real brains. Madeline Lancaster at the University of Cambridge calls this "a major step." These vessels also more closely match the physical properties and genetic activity of natural blood vessels, forming an improved "blood-brain barrier." The findings suggest vessels stand a better chance of transporting nutrients to keep organoids alive—though Lancaster notes we are still far from fully functional blood vessels.
63. What can we know about brain organoids
A. It's associated with cognition.
B. It helps deepen insight into brain.
C. It's very similar to the real brain.
D. It cures schizophrenia and dementia.
64. What prevents brain organoids from developing further
A. The complex chemical environment.
B. The size of the dish they are grown in.
C. The instability of their electrical activity.
D. The lack of a proper nutrient transport system.
65. What solutions did the researchers come up with
A. Building a complete network of blood vessels in full-sized brains.
B. Increasing the size and complexity of cortical organoids rapidly.
C. Combining two types of organoids to help blood vessels grow inside.
D. Providing more oxygen and nutrients for cells directly from the dish.
66. What is Lancaster's attitude toward the new study
A. Objective.
B. Critical.
C. Dismissive.
D. Approving.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·泰安二模《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 事实细节·同义替换 + 事实细节 + 事实细节·同义替换 + 推理判断·跨段整合。
Experts have created an app that uses artificial intelligence to identify dinosaurs from the footprints they left behind millions of years ago.
"When we find a dinosaur footprint, we try to do the Cinderella thing, and find the foot that matches the slipper," said Prof Steve Brusatte. "But it's not so simple, because the shape depends not only on the dinosaur's foot, but also the type of ground it was walking on, and the motion of its foot."
Previous AI systems based their learning on footprints labelled as having been made by particular dinosaurs. However, if those identifications are incorrect then the AI system will also be problematic. "You never find a footprint and alongside it the dinosaur that made it," said Dr Gregor Hartmann. "So most likely, some of these labels are wrong."
Taking a different approach, the researchers fed their AI system with 2,000 unlabelled footprint shapes. The system then determined how similar the imprints were to each other. They discovered eight features that reflected variations in the imprints' shapes, such as the spread of the toes and heel position.
The team turned the system into a free app called DinoTracker that allows users to upload footprint shapes and explore the footprints most similar to them. The AI system supported what dinosaur experts had noticed: a set of footprints from the Triassic and early Jurassic period were remarkably bird-like, despite being 60 million years older than the oldest bird bones. Brusatte said this showed the similarities were not just wishful thinking. "If these tracks were made by birds, that would mean birds have a much older ancestry than we used to think."
However, it was far from case closed. Brusatte added, "I suspect it is more likely these tracks were made by other dinosaurs with very bird-like feet." Dr Jens Ballensack offered another explanation: the features identified by the new system were not necessarily based on the shape of the foot itself and the bird-like shape may result from a regular dinosaur's foot sinking into soft ground. "They are not evidence for an early appearance of birds," he said.
67. What makes it difficult to identify dinosaur footprints
A. The missing bones alongside footprints.
B. The soft ground where dinosaurs walked.
C. Unpredictable movements of dinosaur feet.
D. Various conditions affecting footprint shapes.
68. Why did the researchers use unlabelled footprint shapes
A. Because most labels were incorrect.
B. To test the similarities of the imprints.
C. To avoid being misled by wrong labels.
D. Because AI works better with unlabelled data.
69. What did the AI discover about the footprints from the Triassic period
A. They had eight new features.
B. They were left by early birds.
C. They were strikingly bird-like.
D. They were 60 million years old.
70. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Experts place full reliance on this app.
B. The footprints were made by early birds.
C. The system of the app has its limitations.
D. The results changed our knowledge of birds.
【选题溯源】
本题选自 2026·浙江三地市二模《D篇-第1,2,3,4题》，考点为 事实细节·同义替换 + 事实细节 + 主旨大意 + 推理判断·跨段整合。
Drug development has long been known as a high-risk and high-cost process. On average, only one in every ten drug candidates that enter human trials eventually reaches the market. The journey from initial discovery to a marketable drug often spans 10 to 15 years, and the cost for a single drug is estimated at roughly $2.8 billion. This high risk and cost, coupled with the eventual loss of patent protection, creates constant pressure on drug companies to find the next breakthrough treatment.
In recent years, generative AI has begun to change this picture. The drug industry is rapidly adopting AI technologies that can analyse massive biological data sets. These AI tools can identify promising drug targets and propose novel molecules that might interact with them. They can also screen libraries of data to predict the effectiveness and safety of candidates before any lab work begins. In addition, they can improve clinical trials by analysing health records to identify patients most likely to benefit from new treatments. Although the technology is still developing, early signs suggest it could make drug discovery faster, cheaper and more competitive.
One encouraging result is seen in early-stage trials. AI-designed molecules have shown success rates of 80–90% in early-stage safety tests, far higher than the historical average of 40–65%. AI is also improving efficiency in other areas of the industry, from clinical paperwork to human resources. Some analysts estimate that the drug industry can gain up to $110 billion each year if AI is fully used.
The rise of AI is transforming how the drug industry works. AI-native biotech businesses are emerging, especially in the U.S. and China. Drug firms are partnering with these biotech companies and also with tech giants like Amazon, Google and Microsoft. Some tech firms are even developing platforms to design drugs entirely through computer simulations. For instance, Google's AlphaFold has already solved complex problems regarding protein structures.
However, challenges remain. Governments may need to speed up regulatory reviews as the number of drug candidates increases. Patient data sharing must also be encouraged in privacy-protecting ways. Furthermore, patent rules may require adjustment if AI reduces the cost and risk of innovation. AI brings good news for medicine, but ensuring it benefits both drugmakers and patients requires the industry and regulators to adjust to this new reality.
71. What is the primary challenge for traditional drug companies
A. The shortage of breakthrough treatments.
B. Inability to discover effective drug candidates.
C. The eventual loss of patent protection only.
D. The lengthy timeline and heavy financial burden.
72. From paragraph 2, how does AI benefit clinical trials
A. By designing new molecules.
B. By helping select suitable patients.
C. By discovering new effective drugs.
D. By detecting proper drug targets.
73. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. AI-driven changes in the drug industry.
B. The rise of AI-native biotech firms.
C. Google's achievements in protein structures.
D. Tech giants' partnerships with drugmakers.
74. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Patent rules are fixed for AI innovation.
B. Faster reviews can protect patient data privacy.
C. Policies should be revised for the benefits from AI.
D. Advanced systems are essential for drug innovation.答 案
1. A 2. C 3. D
4. D 5. C 6. C
7. C 8. D 9. A
10. C 11. D 12. A
13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B
17. D 18. B 19. C 20. A
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B
25. D 26. C 27. C 28. C
29. B 30. D 31. A
32. C 33. B 34. A
35. A 36. D 37. C 38. B
39. C 40. B 41. C 42. B
43. C 44. B 45. A 46. B
47. D 48. A 49. C 50. C
51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B
55. B 56. C 57. D 58. A
59. A 60. D 61. C 62. C
63. B 64. D 65. C 66. D
67. D 68. C 69. C 70. C
71. D 72. B 73. A 74. C

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