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专题 02 阅读理解（期末题型精练）-2025-2026学年高二英语下学期（外研版）
When it comes to losing weight, how your food is prepared may matter more than whether it ticks the correct nutritional boxes. A study from University College London found that people lost twice as much weight when on a diet of fresh, home-cooked food (MPF — minimally processed food), compared with that of highly-processed ready meals and packaged snacks (HPF — highly-processed food) — even though both diet plans met the same NHS healthy-eating guidelines.
Researchers suspect that the soft texture (质地) of many HPFs and the fact they tend to contain more calories per bite make them harder to resist and easier to overeat, compared with home-cooked alternatives, which, on paper, may look nutritionally very similar.
The study followed 55 overweight adults as they followed two dietary phases, each lasting eight weeks, subsequently. One was made up almost entirely of HPF, the other mostly consisted of MPF. In both cases, the participants were provided with meals that met the standards of NHS England’s Eatwell Guide. They were given more food than they were likely to eat and were told to consume as much or as little as they liked.
On both diets, they lost weight. But those on the MPF diet lost roughly twice as much: an average of 2.06 per cent of their body weight, compared with 1.05 per cent on the HPF diet. The weight loss was due to a decreased intake of calories, compared with the participants’ previous diets. Dr Samuel Dicken of UCL, who led the study, said the weight reductions could add up over time. If the diets continue for a year, he estimates a 13 per cent weight reduction for men and 9 per cent for women on the MPF diet, compared with 4-5 per cent on the HPF version. Participants also reported fewer strong urges to eat on the MPF diet, despite the greater weight loss.
1．What did the study find
A．HPF led to more weight loss than MPF.
B．People preferred the taste of home-cooked meals.
C．Both diets helped lose weight but MPF worked better.
D．Following any nutritional diet plan helped lose weight.
2．Why do HPFs seem less effective for weight loss
A．They go beyond the nutritional standards.
B．They tend to pack more calories per bite.
C．They are often provided in larger amounts.
D．People on the HPF diet tend to feel full for longer.
3．How was the study carried out
A．By strictly controlling every meal’s calories.
B．By supplying food beyond the typical nutritional range.
C．By letting the participants try two different diets in sequence.
D．By requiring participants to report their weight at any given time.
4．What can we learn about the result of the study
A．Long-term consumption of HPFs is harmful to health.
B．Men consistently lost twice as much weight as women.
C．People generally feel hungrier when they are on the MPF diet.
D．The weight - loss difference between the two diets could widen over time.
The transitional period between summer and winter — known as autumn — seems to be getting shorter, and this is not a fantasy.
Although autumn is generally short across most parts of China, the southwestern region enjoys a relatively longer autumn period, typically lasting between 70 and 80 days. Excluding Kunming, which often has spring and autumn seasons in a row and isn’t included in this comparison, cities like Guiyang, Chengdu, and Chongqing lead in duration, with Guiyang having the longest autumn period at 79 days. In contrast, the shortest autumns are found in Northeast and North China, mostly around 50 days. In Beijing, residents even joke that they “take off summer clothes and directly put on winter wear”.
An analysis of big data reveals that since 1991, the beginning of autumn has been delayed in many parts of China, with this trend being more pronounced in eastern regions compared to western paring the average start dates of autumn per decade from 1991-2020, cities like Zhengzhou, Ningbo, and Shenzhen show the most significant delays, more than 10 days. The autumns in Nanjing, Hefei, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Qingdao, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, and Urumqi have also been pushed back by 5 to 9 days compared to before.
This delay in the start of autumn is closely related to the warming of the local climate. Wang Weiyue, a meteorologist (气象学家) at Weather China, explained that rising temperatures across various regions have become an undeniable fact, impacting agricultural production, the socio-economy, and people’s daily lives.
Not only is autumn arriving later, but its duration is also gradually shortening. Research by numerous scientists looking at seasonal changes in China has found that both the start of autumn and winter are being delayed, while the lengths of winter, spring, and autumn are all decreasing. Regionally, these changes are more noticeable in northern areas compared to the south, and in eastern regions compared to the west.
5．Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 2
A．To explain why Kunming has a unique climate.
B．To prove that Beijing has the most comfortable weather.
C．To show that all Chinese cities have a very short autumn.
D．To compare the lengths of autumn in different parts of China.
6．What is the function of paragraph 3
A．To introduce the research methods of the scientists.
B．To provide solutions for combating climate change.
C．To share a personal story about experiencing autumn.
D．To prove that autumn is beginning later with some data.
7．What trend has scientific research found about seasons in China
A．The summer season is extending.
B．Only autumn is hit by climate change.
C．Changes are more obvious in southern China.
D．Winters are lengthening as autumns are shortening.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Autumn in China: A Season on the Decline
B．Global Warming: A Climate Alarm for Our Seasons
C．Nature’s Favor: The Long Autumn of Southwest China
D．The Long and Short of Autumn: A National Comparison
Sharks are dying at staggering rates, primarily due to fishing activities. Nearly one-third of shark species globally are threatened with extinction. While some sharks are intentionally targeted, more than half are caught incidentally as bycatch and later thrown away, contributing significantly to their decline.
In response, regional fisheries management organizations have introduced retention (留存) bans that require fishermen to release accidentally captured sharks. Currently, 17 oceanic shark species are protected under such bans in tuna fisheries.
A research team from UC Santa Barbara collected data from over 150 published studies covering nearly 150 species to estimate mortality (死亡) rates for caught and released sharks. Their findings revealed particularly high post-release mortality among certain groups: smaller sharks, deep-water species, and those requiring constant swimming to breathe. Notably, thresher sharks, hammerheads, and smoothhound sharks showed mortality rates ranging from 30% to 65%.
The study demonstrated that while retention bans could reduce shark mortality by three times on average, this reduction remained insufficient to achieve sustainable levels for heavily fished species such as mako and silky sharks.
The authors stress that retention bans are a good first step, but they must be combined with other measures. These include changing fishing gear (for example, not using steel wires in longline fishing), protecting key shark habitats (especially areas where young sharks are born and grow up), and setting limits on how many sharks can be caught. Such comprehensive approaches are essential for effective shark conservation.
Moreover, the researchers point out that we know very little about related fish with cartilaginous fishes — such as rays, skates, and chimaeras. These fishes face similar threats of extinction, but there are not enough studies on how many die due to fishing. The research team is now working with international tuna organizations to encourage conservation talks and find effective mixes of policies.
9．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Safe. B．Steady. C．Alarming. D．Declining.
10．Retention bans require fishermen to ________.
A．avoid fishing in shark habitats
B．release accidentally caught sharks
C．use special equipment to protect sharks
D．limit the number of sharks caught per year
11．Which sharks are most likely to die after being released
A．Deep-water species. B．Large species near the coast.
C．Those living in shallow waters. D．Species with slow reproductive rates.
12．What is paragraph 5 mainly talking about
A．Broader measures are needed to protect sharks effectively.
B．Fishing bans in saving all shark species are successful.
C．The retention bans need to be changed completely.
D．Focusing only on young sharks is important.
You might have heard of the placebo effect. It describes how people feel better even when the pill they take is just a “sugar pill” with no medicine. This phenomenon highlights the strong connection between the mind and the body. However, scientists have also identified its opposite: the “nocebo effect.” This occurs when people expect a treatment to have negative results, and then they actually start to experience those symptoms.
A classic study provides a clear example. Researchers looked at men taking a new drug for heart disease. One group was specifically warned that “stomach upset” was a potential side effect, while the other group received no such warning. The results were surprising. The men who were warned reported the symptom at much higher rates than those who were not. Their concern alone was enough to produce the very problem they had been cautioned about.
In recent years, the power of the nocebo effect has been magnified by social media. Australian researchers found a direct link among participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. The more scary stories of vaccine side effects people read on platforms like Facebook and Twitter, the more severe their own symptoms became after vaccination. This suggests that repeated exposure to negative stories can shape not only our perception but also our actual physical feelings.
Fortunately, the “cure” for the nocebo effect is quite simple: step away from the keyboard. By limiting exposure to alarmist (骇人的) stories and focusing instead on factual information from trusted doctors, individuals can reduce the chance of developing imagined side effects. In an age where digital stories spread instantly, being mindful of what we consume is essential to our well-being. Recognizing the nocebo effect reminds us that sometimes the most powerful medicine is simply a calm and informed mind.
13．What can be inferred about the nocebo effect
A．It helps the sick people avoid side effects.
B．It reflects how the mind affects the body.
C．It is a newly identified psychological disorder.
D．It occurs only in the context of taking medicine.
14．What does the heart disease drug study demonstrate
A．Expectations can lead to physical discomfort.
B．Side effects are unavoidable for most patients.
C．Patients should be informed about side effects.
D．New drugs often carry some unexpected risks.
15．What does the underlined word “magnified” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Confirmed. B．Strengthened.
C．Weakened. D．Presented
16．What is the author’s advice for well-being
A．Avoid using social media platforms entirely.
B．Consult doctors as frequently as possible.
C．Focus only on positive medical outcomes.
D．Engage with digital content in a mindful way.
It was the summer before junior year. I was a waitress at a little restaurant. My duties were straightforward: taking orders, delivering food and cleaning tables. I got really good at managing multiple tasks, and having a lot of responsibilities made me more responsible.
These values and skills are what numerous studies hold up as the important reasons why teenagers should work during the summer. They’re what teachers mention when they encourage us to get jobs. I developed those skills. But I don’t think that’s the main benefit high school students get from working.
So much happened in the interstitial (空隙的) time and spaces between our roles as waitresses, cooks and customers. This is where I think the value of a high school job lies: learning how to form a community with people I never would have otherwise known.
High school students spend about seven hours a day in classes, and then often stay afterward for school-sponsored sports or activities. It’s not necessarily a bad thing to be wrapped up in school. But what I find is that a job can serve as a relief from the academic tasks of high school.
This relief came not from avoiding people, but from engaging with a community I would never have found in the halls of my high school. The people I met at the restaurant taught me that you can become friends with those decades older than you and strangers who have none of the same interests or hobbies as you do. They taught me that you can wildly disagree with someone and still respect them, learn from them, and love them.
17．What is commonly believed to be the main benefit teenagers get from work
A．Earning money for college.
B．Learning to form a community.
C．Developing responsibility and skills.
D．Making friends with different people.
18．What does the author say about high school life
A．It lacks meaningful activities.
B．It focuses on academics.
C．It is highly school-centered.
D．It provides adequate social opportunities.
19．What did the author learn from people at the restaurant
A．Friends should share similar interests.
B．Workplace relationships are temporary.
C．True friendship requires constant agreement.
D．Meaningful connections can bridge differences.
20．What is the author’s main conclusion about her job experience
A．It helped improve her academic performance.
B．Its greatest value went beyond skill development.
C．It confirmed traditional views about student jobs.
D．Its main benefit was earning teachers’ approval.
In 1962, American biologist Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, a book that would change how people viewed nature. It warned that the harmful and uncontrolled use of pesticides (杀虫剂) was poisoning the environment and could lead to a silent spring without birdsongs. The book caused immediate debate. Chemical companies campaigned against it strongly, as Carson’s warnings threatened their established and profitable practices. Despite this opposition, the book raised global awareness about how easily nature can be harmed.
Carson’s deep connection to nature began in her childhood in Pennsylvania, where she explored the woods and streams near her home. This passion led her to study biology, which gave her the scientific knowledge she would later use in her writing.
Before Silent Spring, Carson was a marine biologist and writer. She spent four years carefully researching for the book, gathering evidence from scientific studies and talking to farmers and fishermen who had seen the effects of pesticides. She built a strong argument based on data and personal accounts.
Knowing her work would be criticized, Carson believed the public had the right to know the truth. She continued her efforts even while she was sick, and she died in 1964. However, her influence lived on. Silent Spring inspired the modern environmental movement, led to the ban of DDT in the U.S., and made sure her legacy would last as a pioneering environmentalist.
21．Why did chemical companies campaign against Silent Spring
A．They found numerous scientific errors in the book.
B．Carson refused to share her research data with them.
C．They believed the book would confuse the general public.
D．Carson’s warnings posed a threat to their business interests.
22．How did Carson’s personal background contribute to her environmental work
A．Her career as a writer provided her with the funding needed for research.
B．Her work as a marine biologist directly exposed her to pesticide pollution.
C．Her family’s farm gave her practical experience in using agricultural chemicals.
D．Her childhood experiences and formal education in biology shaped her advocacy.
23．The text suggests that Carson’s research for the book was characterized by its ________.
A．comprehensiveness and various sources B．reliance on government reports
C．focus on theoretical models D．speed and efficiency
24．What is the main idea of the text
A．The scientific process behind banning DDT.
B．The remarkable and lasting impacts of Rachel Carson’s book.
C．The history of pesticide use in the United States.
D．The debate between environmentalists and chemical companies.
The City Art Museum is proud to present a new exhibition, Brush & Bronze — 5, 000 Years of Chinese Art, running from April 10 to June 20, 2025. This exhibition offers a journey through the rich history of Chinese art, from ancient dynasties to the modern era. Whether you are an art lover or just curious, there is something for everyone. Exhibition Hours:
● Tuesday-Sunday: 9:30 a.m. -5:30 p.m.
● Closed on Mondays (except public holidays)
● Last entry: 4:30 p.m.
Ticket Prices:
● Adults: 80
● Students (with ID): 40
● Children under 12: 20
● Children under 6: Free
● Group tickets (10+ people): 20% off
What’s on Show:
The exhibition is divided into three main galleries, each highlighting a different period and art form. Gallery 1: The Wisdom of Bronze (Shang & Zhou Dynasties)
This gallery features over 50 ancient bronze vessels (n. 容器), including the famous “Duke of Zhou” tripod (周公东征三足鼎). These pieces were not just everyday objects — they were used in important ceremonies and symbolized power and tradition. The detailed designs show the skill of ancient Chinese craftsmen. Gallery 2: Masters of the Brush (Tang to Yuan Dynasties)
Here, visitors can admire some of the finest ink wash paintings in Chinese history. The highlight is a rare landscape painting, Travelers Among Mountains and Streams, created over 1,000 years ago. Unlike Western oil paintings, these works use simple brushstrokes to express the beauty and spirit of nature. Gallery 3: Art for Everyone (Ming Dynasty to Present)
This section explores how art became part of daily life. From delicate blue-and-white porcelain (n. 瓷; 瓷器) to modern calligraphy, it shows how traditional techniques continue to inspire artists today. A special video station lets visitors try creating their own digital “ink painting”.
For more information or to book a group tour, please visit our website at www. or call 010-8765 4321.
25．What can be inferred about the painting Travelers Among Mountains and Streams
A．It focuses on showing the beauty and spirit of nature.
B．It is the only painting on display in the Gallery 2 section.
C．It was made by a craftsman from the Zhou Dynasty period.
D．It was created using traditional Western oil painting methods.
26．What can visitors do in Gallery 3
A．See ancient bronze vessels.
B．Try creating digital art at a video station.
C．Purchase blue-and-white porcelain items as souvenirs.
D．Admire ink wash paintings from the Tang Dynasty period.
27．A group of 15 students with ID want to visit the exhibition. How much should they pay in total
A． 600 B． 480 C． 400 D． 320
What if windows could clean themselves at the push of a switch Researchers in China have developed a self-cleaning glass that can remove particles (微粒) within seconds.
Dust is everywhere and always finds a way to settle onto surfaces, no matter how many times you clean them. Geological and biological sources along with human-caused sources, like construction and mining, create surface particle pollution that can often reduce the visibility of windows and the performance of solar cells by blocking the light-receiving components.
Nature has great examples of self-cleaning surfaces like flowers and insect wings, where their specific surface and water work together to remove dust. Scientists have used these properties of biological materials to create self-cleaning surfaces but their effectiveness relies on the availability of water, making it dependent on weather conditions like humidity (湿度). This dependency severely affects their application in waterless environments on Earth or in outer space.
The new glass offers a water-free solution. By studying how particle size and electric field strength affect this motion, the researchers created a thin, transparent (透明的) glass — just 0.62mm thick — that can clean itself at 97.5% efficiency without any human assistance.
The self-cleaning glass also helps prevent new dust from settling. The researchers found that when the electric field is on, it redirects charged particles in the air, keeping the surface cleaner for longer. The team has termed it the “particle shielding effect”, which cuts the buildup of atmospheric dust by almost 90 percent. Because the glass is transparent, it works well in places where clear light is important. It only slightly reduces visible light, with most of the loss happening in non-visible wavelengths. This makes the system ideal for solar panels, car windshields, greenhouse roofs, and windows of tall buildings — places where clear visibility and energy efficiency are essential.
The new design is viable. The glass uses common materials, and its production process — which involves applying a conductive layer onto a glass sheet and then covering it with a thin protective film — fits well with current industrial methods. This means it can be produced easily and in large amounts without needing expensive or specialized equipment.
28．What point do the facts in paragraph 2 mainly indicate
A．The consequences of industrial activities. B．The primary sources of air pollution.
C．The worsening of climate change. D．The widespread impact of dust.
29．What is the problem with the nature-inspired cleaning approach
A．Its dependence on humans. B．Its high cost of production.
C．Its limited applicability. D．Its low efficiency in cleaning.
30．How does the “particle shielding effect” benefit users
A．By supplying a source of renewable energy. B．By keeping the glass continuously dust-free.
C．By strengthening the glass structure. D．By making dust invisible under light.
31．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph
A．Environment friendly. B．User-friendly. C．Practical. D．Efficient.
Outgoing personality traits are often associated with top corporate roles, but new research suggests businesses miss out when they fail to find and promote executives with more understated styles. Harvard Business School researcher Francesca Gino has found that introverts can play a crucial role in leading teams.
She and her collaborators asked bosses to rate how extroverted they considered themselves and then studied how their teams worked. They found that extroverts were more dominant, drove conversations and were less receptive to new ideas. Introverts, on the other hand, listened to ideas, internalized them and were able to improve team performance. Gino said that introverts demonstrate superior performance when they are leading a team of proactive workers.
It seems it's easier for extroverts to climb the corporate ladder, she noted. A 2009 study conducted by researchers found that 60 percent of top level executives displayed high levels of extroversion. But introverts clearly have something to offer, Gino said, citing examples of successful introverted leaders, such as Amazon's Jeff Bezos and Bill Gates.
Extroverts feel more energized by social interactions whereas introverts are more energized by solitud — but this isn't necessarily linked to how shy or good at, say, public speaking, someone is, says Nancy Ancowitz, a business communication coach and author of Selfpromotion for Introverts: The Quiet Guide to Getting Ahead. Introverts can use simple cues to make sure their value is not overlooked, Ancowitz said. "Sometimes it's raising a finger, leaning forward, saying someone' s name — any of those cues can work. The important part is you need to be heard, you need to make your contributions known, otherwise you can get passed up for the raises and other people get the credit for your hard work.”
Some·leadership traits might come a little bit more naturally to extroverts, according to Jennifer Kahnweiler, an executive coach. Kahnweiler, who defines introverts as low-key thinkers who are energized by solitude and prefer in-depth conversation to casual chatter, interviewed introverted executives who successfully climbed the corporate ranks. These leaders had learned to put careful thought into their social presentation at work and to manage expectations so that bosses and co-workers could see the up-side of their personal work style. The executives she studied had a hyperawareness about how they were viewed and managed it to their benefit.
According to Gino of Harvard Business School, one of the key takeaways from her research is that anyone can learn to practice effective leadership. She found that regardless of their personality type, when pushed to try different styles, people were able to learn the positive leadership characteristics of both introverts and extroverts.
32．Unlike an extrovert, an introverted leader performs best when .
A．he is engaged in meaningful conversations
B．the workers he leads often take the initiatives
C．he improves on the new ideas proposed by workers
D．he becomes a collaborator to his boss and workers
33．Introverted leaders make their presence felt by .
A．overcoming shyness in public speaking
B．working hard and contributing to shared goals
C．sending out verbal or nonverbal signals
D．getting credit for what they have done
34．Like the extroverts, introverted leaders .
A．tend to be low-key but efficient thinkers.
B．know how to conduct conversation with workers.
C．expect their workers and bosses to respect them.
D．try to manage how other people look at them.
35．The new research mainly tells us that .
A．introverts can also become great corporate leaders
B．introverts should follow the examples of extroverts
C．introverts should change their leadership styles
D．the best leaders combine the styles of introverts and extroverts
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a potentially world-changing technology with dual prospects: it could help cure cancers, control autonomous cars, and augment human intelligence, yet there exists widespread concern that it might lead to a robot apocalypse and the downfall of humanity.
In the last decade, a particular flavour of AI, called machine learning, has become extremely powerful. Rather than programmers giving machine learning AIs a definitive list of instructions, the AIs have to learn independently, with neural networks being the most prevalent approach.
Neural networks
A neural network is an intricate web of connections, inspired by the way neurons connect in the human brain. Inputs work their way through the network, guided by the strength of the connections, to generate appropriate outputs. Trained by thousands to millions of examples, they gradually refine their performance. Though neural networks have been around since the 1940s and 1950s, they only attained remarkable success recently, due to the huge rise in both the amount of data we produce and the amount of computer power available — both essential for their training. Without sufficient data or computing resources, even the most advanced neural network design would fail to deliver accurate results.
Artificial general intelligence
However, neural networks can’t do everything. A neural network trained to do one thing is next to useless at doing something else. Thus, researchers are striving to create artificial general intelligence (AGI), which could perform any task that the human brain can. But we’re a long way from AGI at the moment, and there are apprehensions that it could surpass human intelligence and threaten humanity once realized.
AI problems
There’s no need to worry about AGI just yet, as we’re still far from reaching it. Instead, current AIs face pressing concerns. AI is already involved in making important decisions, such as parole eligibility in parts of the US, job suitability, loan approval, and insurance assessment. Yet AI is often biased, picking up prejudices from its training data — for instance, face recognition algorithms have lower accuracy for non-white men due to lack of diversity in data. Additionally, AI decisions are opaque; how neural networks reach conclusions is hard to analyse, making errors hard to diagnose and accountability hard to pinpoint, which impedes its use in trust-critical fields.
36．Which one is a necessary condition for neural networks to deliver accurate results
A．Being trained with massive examples and having advanced design.
B．Being developed with the latest technology and tested in various fields.
C．Being inspired by the way neurons connect in the human brain and well-trained.
D．Having sufficient data and powerful computing resources.
37．Which of the following is true about AGI
A．It has been initially developed and tested in some scientific fields.
B．It is a future goal that is not yet achieved.
C．It is an upgraded version of specialized AI to handle complex tasks.
D．It will definitely bring threats to humanity if fully developed.
38．What does the underlined word “opaque” in the last paragraph most probably mean
A．Clear and easy to understand
B．Reliable and trustworthy
C．Unclear and hard to explain
D．Complex and unchangeable
When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently found subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of cooperative defense pact. A recent study in Nature Ecology & Evolution documented more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining(哀鸣)” calls when they spot brood parasites such as cuckoos. That call, as ornithologist James Kennerley notes, is essentially a signal to recruit individuals of different species to come together against this common enemy.
Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, tricking the host parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to the chorus of whining calls They can be so fierce that Kennerley and his colleagues need to cage the taxidermy(标本) cuckoo used in their experiments to protect it from being destroyed.
Many birds also share a common vocabulary for predators. Research shows that various songbirds — and even red squirrels — produce recognizable high-pitched “seet” calls to warn of a raptor(猛禽) in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival spreads through the forest. Besides cooperative defense, cross-species communication also aids food-finding and migration, though some interactions may be accidental. Clearly, complex cross-species communication networks are pervasive and crucial for animals’ survival.
39．According to the passage, what do we know about the “whining” calls of birds
A．They are unique to each bird species.
B．They are used to call for their own kind.
C．They can attract different species to fight against cuckoos.
D．They were first discovered by researchers in Australia.
40．It can be inferred from the passage that .
A．all crosss-pecies communication is for defensive purposes
B．raptors can easily detect the “seet” calls of songbirds
C．Kennerley’s experiment failed because of the aggressive birds
D．crosss-pecies communication is helpful to animals’ survival
41．Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the passage
A．Brood parasites depend on other birds to raise their chicks.
B．Over 20 bird species on four continents use similar “whining” calls.
C．Red squirrels can produce “seet” calls to warn of flying raptors.
D．All cross-species communication is deliberately planned by animals.
42．Which of the following titles best fits the passage
A．Distant Diplomacy: Cross-species Communication in Animals.
B．Cooperative Defense Among Animals.
C．How Birds Warn Each Other of Dangers.
D．The Study of Animal Communication.
In the face of the global climate crisis, many people feel powerless and believe that individual actions — such as reducing plastic use or taking public transport — make no difference, compared to the huge carbon emissions from large corporations and governments. However, a growing number of climate scientists and environmental activists are arguing that individual climate action is not only meaningful, but also essential to solving the climate crisis.
Critics of individual action often mention that 100 companies are responsible for 71% of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to a 2017 report. They believe focusing on personal behavior distracts people from demanding systemic change from governments and corporations. While it is true that systemic change is necessary to address climate change, this argument ignores the powerful link between individual action and systemic change.
First, individual efforts can add up to collective impact. If everyone reduces their carbon footprint by just 10%, the total global emissions would drop by more than 7 billion tons per year, equivalent to taking 1.5 billion cars off the road. Individual choices also drive market change. When more people buy electric vehicles, plant-based food and renewable energy products, companies will increase low-carbon production and lower prices.
In addition, individual climate action promotes political change. People who live low-carbon lives are more likely to support climate-friendly politicians and demand stricter policies. A 2025 study from the University of California found that communities with more individual climate action are 40% more likely to pass local climate laws.
Finally, individual action helps build a climate - positive culture. When you choose to cycle to work, bring a reusable water bottle, or eat less meat, you set an example for your family, friends, and colleagues. This can create a ripple effect, inspiring more people to take action, and making climate action a social norm.
“Climate change is not just a problem for governments and corporations; it’s a problem for all of us,” said climate activist Greta Thunberg in a 2025 speech. Systemic change and individual action depend on each other, and every small step counts.
43．Why do critics think individual climate action is meaningless
A．Individual actions cost too much money for ordinary families.
B．Most people are unwilling to change their consumption habits.
C．Major corporations and governments cause most emissions.
D．Individual action cannot reduce daily carbon emissions effectively.
44．What can be inferred from the text about individual climate action
A．It can gradually help shape a more climate - friendly society.
B．It has been widely carried out and achieved obvious effects worldwide.
C．It is less important than technological progress in cutting emissions.
D．It will eventually take the place of policies made by governments.
45．What does the underlined word “ripple” in the fifth paragraph refer to
A．A sudden stop of action.
B．A spreading influence on more people.
C．A single personal choice.
D．A strict climate policy.
46．What is the main argument of the text
A．Systemic change is far more important than individual action.
B．Individual climate action is meaningful and essential to fight climate change.
C．Big companies should take full responsibility for global emissions.
D．Most people feel helpless about taking climate action.
Plastic pollution has reached crisis levels across the globe. Each year, more than 8 million tons of plastic waste flow into the world’s oceans, harming marine life, polluting water supplies, and entering the food chain. Sea creatures often mistake plastic bags and bottles for food, leading to injury or death. Microplastics — tiny fragments less than five millimeters long — have been found in everything from seafood to drinking water, raising concerns about potential health risks to humans.
Governments and environmental groups are taking action to fight plastic pollution. Many countries have introduced bans on single-use plastics like straws, cups, and cutlery. Some businesses are switching to eco-friendly packaging made from paper, cardboard, or plant-based materials. In addition, cleanup campaigns are removing tons of plastic from beaches and oceans every year.
However, solving the problem requires more than just bans and cleanups. Experts emphasize the need for a circular economy — one where plastic products are designed to be reused, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. This means changing how products are made and encouraging consumers to adopt more sustainable habits.
Individual action also plays a vital role. Simple choices like using reusable water bottles, bringing cloth bags to the store, and properly sorting waste can make a significant difference. As more people become aware of the issue and take steps to reduce their plastic use, there is hope for a cleaner, healthier planet.
47．What does the underlined phrase “circular economy” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．An economic system that focuses on fast production and sales.
B．An economic model where materials are reused and recycled.
C．A business strategy to increase profits from plastic products.
D．A production method to reduce the cost of making plastics.
48．What is the main idea of the text
A．The harmful effects of plastic pollution on ocean life.
B．Different ways to recycle plastic waste worldwide.
C．Efforts being made to fight plastic pollution globally.
D．The importance of individual actions in environmental protection.
49．Which of the following is mentioned as a way to reduce plastic pollution
A．Stopping the production of all plastic products.
B．Using plant-based packaging materials.
C．Building more plastic waste landfills.
D．Increasing the use of disposable plastic items.
50．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Individual actions have little effect on plastic pollution.
B．People’s awareness helps improve the plastic pollution situation.
C．Sorting waste is the most effective way to solve plastic pollution.
D．All people have realized the harm of plastic pollution.
While about 26,000 polar bears remain globally, they are listed as endangered, with predictions suggesting two-thirds could die out by 2050. Recently, a study led by the University of East Anglia brought good news that polar bears are going through rapid genetic changes in response to the melting of sea ice which is vital for their hunting.
Researchers compared and analyzed blood samples from polar bears across northern and southern Greenland that were separated from each other around 200 years ago. The experiment found that the southeastern polar bears living in the warmer part of Greenland have diverged (分化) genetically from those living in the colder northeastern region. These significant genetic differences seem linked to rising temperatures and environmental stress. The team then focused on investigating how climate factors may be driving changes within their genome (基因组).
By studying “jumping genes”, DNA sequences that can move to different locations within a genome, potentially changing gene function, scientists found that the bears in southeastern Greenland are responding to their changing environment by including more plants into their historically fatty diet. “Normally, a polar bear would hunt seals and have quite a high fat diet, but now they’re eating more plant-based diets,” lead researcher Alice Godden said. “Those changes in the genome indicate that they’re adapting to that.”
However, scientists point out that this adaptation has its limitations. Although the bears are rewriting parts of their own DNA to survive, such changes cannot fully make up for the rapid loss of their ice habitat. “This is a hopeful study, but it just offers a small window of opportunity for us to understand the genome of these polar bears in more detail,” Godden said. “We all need to continue to reduce our carbon emissions as well to help support, potentially, the survival of this species.”
51．What threatens polar bears’ survival most according to paragraph 1
A．The rapid genetic changes in their body.
B．The reduction of plant - based food sources.
C．The increasing number of human hunters.
D．The continuous loss of their sea ice habitat.
52．How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By investigating locations of separated polar bears.
B．By analyzing blood samples from two polar bear groups.
C．By predicting environmental stress in the near future.
D．By measuring temperatures in northern Greenland.
53．What do Alice Godden’s words suggest in the last paragraph
A．Changing diets result from certain genetic factors in polar bears.
B．Scientists have found the detailed process of analyzing jumping genes.
C．The study has a promising future but still a long way to go.
D．Polar bears have got used to warmer environments completely.
54．What is the text mainly about
A．Genetic adaptation of polar bears to melting sea ice.
B．Possible solutions to Arctic sea ice melting.
C．Severe threats from sea ice loss to polar bears.
D．Recent findings on polar bears’ special jumping genes.
Many things can now be bought using buy-now, pay-later (BNPL) financing. Such purchases are often the subject of ridicule (嘲笑). Paying for lunch in installments (分期付款) is, to some, consumerism at its most absurd. Others see something darker: lending that skirts the edge of mainstream finance, targeting unstable borrowers. Neither ridicule nor anxiety has weakened the industry’s growth, however.
The idea of a loan at the point of sale is an old one. In 1856, Isaac Singer and Edward Clark began selling sewing machines in installments, with great success. The modern industry operates in a similar manner. When a customer buys a product for $100, they can pay in stages. The BNPL lender pays the merchant in advance, in exchange for a cut of, say, $3. This is attractive to retailers (零售商), since it boosts sales. The customer pays back the sum over time, with zero interest.
BNPL plans promise freedom and flexibility, but the ease of use can fool our minds. When payment is delayed or divided into smaller payments, we are wired to feel less emotionally exhausted. Although the 15 or $25 payments seem insignificant, they quickly add up. Prelec & Loewenstein found that when the act of paying is separated from the act of purchasing, we experience less “pain of paying”, which makes us more likely to overspend. This psychological disconnection allows people to underestimate the long-term cost of their spending and often leads to impulsive financial decisions. In societies where digital credit is easily accessible but financial education is limited, these behaviors can develop into chronic debt.
Stress over money doesn’t stay in the bank. It follows us into our homes, our relationships, and even our sleep. The psychological cost can be severe when financial strain affects daily survival, such as paying for food, housing, or education. Even middle and high income earners report significant mental distress when caught in cycles of lifestyle-driven debt because of the pressure.
55．What can we know about the BNPL industry from paragraph 1
A．It declines due to public blame. B．It grows against negative opinions.
C．It targets reliable borrowers. D．It wins widespread recognition.
56．Why do retailers welcome BNPL service
A．It helps increase their sales volume.
B．It brings them interest from customers.
C．It delays the final payment of goods.
D．It reduces their operating costs effectively.
57．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Small payments cause little burden.
B．Separated payment restricts spending.
C．Easy digital credit may lead to long-term debt.
D．Financial education can end up overspending.
58．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．The History of Installment Consumption.
B．Hidden risks of Buy-Now, Pay-Later.
C．The Great Convenience of BNPL Services.
D．Different Views on Modern Consumption.
My grandmother has a new smartphone, and I am trying to help her navigate it. She says her smartphone is “sneaky” because things on the screen disappear and cannot be recovered. As a 24-year-old skilled at using technology, I understand her arguments perfectly. I also made a choice to go without a smartphone for a whole decade, from 2010 to 2020.
Back in 2010, when I was 11, the small number of kids in my year who had smartphones were treated like celebrities. Over time, smartphones became the standard. Despite this, I decided to stick with my brick phone. I became the odd one out. I couldn’t take pictures or play music or send funny videos, or use revision apps for my studies. People even openly comment on how strange it was. Yet, my Nokia had its virtues. I didn’t have to worry about theft; wherever I left it, it would always find its way back to me. The battery would last three days. Dropped, I could click the pieces back together. It granted a special freedom.
Against all odds, I managed to get by like this for years. But by 2020 the world had changed so as to make life without a smartphone impossible. For instance, systems required authentication (身份验证) apps just to access email, which alone makes smartphone ownership compulsory. Encouraged by my anxious mum, I finally caved and bought one.
This shift is in line with research which shows a sharp decline in youth happiness from 2010 to 2020 — the decade the Internet moved into our pockets. The problem isn’t necessarily any single app, but the constant presence of the digital world through the smartphone. Many might wish to disconnect, but society does not allow it; it’s now socially unacceptable not to have one.
Even now, overwhelmed by the constant buzzing (嗡嗡声), I would love to go back. I’ve bought a secondhand Nokia. It’s still in its box, under my bed, ready for me to use it as soon as it becomes an option again.
59．Why does the author mention her grandmother in paragraph 1
A．To prove the harm smartphones do.
B．To explain why screens disappear and recover.
C．To introduce her own attitude towards smartphones.
D．To show the difficulty of using smartphones.
60．What can we learn about the author’s experience at age 11
A．He was popular among his classmates.
B．His brick phone made him feel ashamed.
C．His brick phone failed to satisfy his daily need.
D．He found himself different from others.
61．What does the underlined word “caved” mean in paragraph 3
A．Gave in. B．Turned down. C．Sped up. D．set aside.
62．What is the author’s attitude towards his brick phone
A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Favorable. D．Negative.
《专题 02 阅读理解（期末题型精练）-2025-2026学年高二英语下学期（外研版）》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C B C D D D A A C B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A A B A B D C C D B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 D D A B A B B D C B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 C B C D A D B C C D
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 D A C A B B B C B B
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 D B C A B A C B C D
题号 61 62
答案 A C
1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】文章主要介绍伦敦大学学院一项研究，对比轻加工家常菜与深加工食品对人们减重效果的差异及背后原因。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A study from University College London found that people lost twice as much weight when on a diet of fresh, home-cooked food (MPF — minimally processed food), compared with that of highly-processed ready meals and packaged snacks (HPF — highly-processed food) — even though both diet plans met the same NHS healthy-eating guidelines. (伦敦大学学院的一项研究发现，食用新鲜家常菜轻加工食品的人，减重效果是食用深加工即食餐和包装零食人群的两倍，尽管两种饮食方案都符合英国国家医疗服务体系健康饮食准则。)”可知，两种饮食都能减重，但轻加工家常菜效果更好。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers suspect that the soft texture (质地) of many HPFs and the fact they tend to contain more calories per bite make them harder to resist and easier to overeat, compared with home-cooked alternatives, which, on paper, may look nutritionally very similar. (研究人员认为，很多超加工食品口感绵软，而且每一口摄入的热量往往更高，这让人更难抗拒、更容易过量食用；相比之下，家常菜虽然从理论上来看营养成分可能非常相近。)”可知，深加工食品减重效果差是因为每口摄入的热量更高。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study followed 55 overweight adults as they followed two dietary phases, each lasting eight weeks, subsequently.(该研究追踪了55名超重成年人，让他们先后经历两个为期八周的饮食阶段。)”可知，研究方式是让参与者依次尝试两种不同饮食模式。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If the diets continue for a year, he estimates a 13 per cent weight reduction for men and 9 per cent for women on the MPF diet, compared with 4-5 per cent on the HPF version.(他预估若坚持饮食方案一年，轻加工饮食男女分别减重13%、9%，而深加工饮食仅减重4%至5%。)”可知，两种饮食的减重差距会随着时间推移变大。
5．D 6．D 7．A 8．A
【导语】主要介绍我国秋季呈现到来时间推迟、持续时长缩短的变化，并分析地域差异及气候变暖带来的影响。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Although autumn is generally short across most parts of China, the southwestern region enjoys a relatively longer autumn period, typically lasting between 70 and 80 days.(虽然中国大部分地区的秋季普遍较短，但西南地区的秋天相对更长，通常持续70至80天。)”以及“In contrast, the shortest autumns are found in Northeast and North China, mostly around 50 days.(相比之下，东北和华北秋季最短，大多在50天左右。)”可知，作者列举各类数据，是为了对比我国不同地区秋季时长的差异。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“An analysis of big data reveals that since 1991, the beginning of autumn has been delayed in many parts of China, with this trend being more pronounced in eastern regions compared to western paring the average start dates of autumn per decade from 1991-2020, cities like Zhengzhou, Ningbo, and Shenzhen show the most significant delays, more than 10 days. (大数据分析显示，1991年以来，中国多地入秋时间有所推迟，且东部地区这一趋势比西部地区更为明显。对比1991至2020年间每十年的平均入秋时间，郑州、宁波、深圳等城市推迟幅度最为显著，超过10天。)”可知，第三段列举各地数据，用以佐证我国入秋时间正在延后这一现象。
7．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Research by numerous scientists looking at seasonal changes in China has found that both the start of autumn and winter are being delayed, while the lengths of winter, spring, and autumn are all decreasing.(多位科学家对中国季节变化的研究发现，秋季、冬季起始时间延后，冬、春、秋季时长都在缩短。)”可知，秋冬春变短，侧面说明夏季时间在变长。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Not only is autumn arriving later, but its duration is also gradually shortening. Research by numerous scientists looking at seasonal changes in China has found that both the start of autumn and winter are being delayed, while the lengths of winter, spring, and autumn are all decreasing.(秋季不仅到来得更晚，持续时间也在逐渐缩短。多位科学家对中国季节变化的研究发现，秋季、冬季起始时间延后，冬、春、秋季时长都在缩短。)”可知，文章先对比国内各地秋季时长差异，再用数据说明入秋时间逐年推迟，最后点明秋季整体呈现到来延后、时长缩减的整体趋势，整体围绕中国秋季日渐变短、逐渐消退展开，所以“Autumn in China: A Season on the Decline(中国的秋天：正在渐行渐短的季节)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。
9．C 10．B 11．A 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于捕鱼活动，鲨鱼正以惊人的速度死亡，留存禁令不足以有效保护鲨鱼，需采取综合措施。
9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Nearly one-third of shark species globally are threatened with extinction.(全球近三分之一的鲨鱼物种面临灭绝威胁)”可知，鲨鱼死亡情况严重，“staggering”在此处应表示“惊人的，令人震惊的”，与“Alarming”意思相符。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In response, regional fisheries management organizations have introduced retention (留存) bans that require fishermen to release accidentally captured sharks.(作为回应，区域渔业管理组织引入了留存禁令，要求渔民释放意外捕获的鲨鱼)”可知，留存禁令要求渔民释放意外捕获的鲨鱼。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Their findings revealed particularly high post-release mortality among certain groups: smaller sharks, deep-water species, and those requiring constant swimming to breathe.(他们的发现显示，某些群体的鲨鱼在放生后的死亡率特别高：体型较小的鲨鱼、深水物种以及需要不断游动才能呼吸的鲨鱼)”可知，深水物种的鲨鱼放生后最有可能死亡。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“The authors stress that retention bans are a good first step, but they must be combined with other measures.(作者强调，留存禁令是良好的第一步，但必须与其他措施相结合)”以及后面提到的其他措施可知，本段主要讲需要更广泛的措施来有效保护鲨鱼。故选A。
13．B 14．A 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了反安慰剂效应的概念、实例、影响以及应对方法，提醒人们要关注自身对信息的摄入，以保持身心健康。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, scientists have also identified its opposite: the “nocebo effect.” This occurs when people expect a treatment to have negative results, and then they actually start to experience those symptoms. (然而，科学家们也发现了它的反面：“反安慰剂效应”。当人们预期某种治疗会产生负面结果，然后他们真的开始出现这些症状时，就会发生这种情况。)”可知，反安慰剂效应体现了人们的心理预期会对身体产生影响，即反映了心理如何影响身体。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“A classic study provides a clear example. Researchers looked at men taking a new drug for heart disease. One group was specifically warned that “stomach upset” was a potential side effect, while the other group received no such warning. The results were surprising. The men who were warned reported the symptom at much higher rates than those who were not. Their concern alone was enough to produce the very problem they had been cautioned about. (一项经典研究提供了一个明确的例子。研究人员观察了服用心脏病新药的男性。一组被特别警告“胃部不适”是潜在的副作用，而另一组则没有得到这样的警告。结果令人惊讶。被警告的男性报告这种症状的比率远高于未被警告的男性。仅他们的担忧就足以产生他们被警告过的问题。)”可知，心脏病药物研究证明了人们的预期会导致身体不适。
15．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In recent years, the power of the nocebo effect has been magnified by social media. Australian researchers found a direct link among participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. The more scary stories of vaccine side effects people read on platforms like Facebook and Twitter, the more severe their own symptoms became after vaccination. (近年来，社交媒体____反安慰剂效应的力量。澳大利亚研究人员在新冠肺炎疫情期间发现了参与者之间的直接联系。人们在Facebook和Twitter等平台上读到的关于疫苗副作用的可怕故事越多，他们接种疫苗后的症状就越严重。)”可知，社交媒体放大了反安慰剂效应的力量，所以magnified意为“加强，放大”，与strengthened意思相近。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By limiting exposure to alarmist (骇人的) stories and focusing instead on factual information from trusted doctors, individuals can reduce the chance of developing imagined side effects. In an age where digital stories spread instantly, being mindful of what we consume is essential to our well-being. (通过限制接触骇人听闻的故事，转而关注来自值得信赖的医生的事实信息，个人可以减少产生想象中的副作用的机会。在这个数字故事迅速传播的时代，关注我们所消费的内容对我们的健康至关重要。)”可知，作者建议人们要谨慎地接触数字内容，关注自身对信息的摄入。故选D项。
17．C 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己暑假在餐厅做服务员的经历，说明高中生打工的真正价值不仅在于培养技能与责任感，更在于学会与不同的人建立联结、拓展社交圈。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“These values and skills are what numerous studies hold up as the important reasons why teenagers should work during the summer.(这些价值观和技能是众多研究认为青少年应该在暑期打工的重要原因。)”以及第一段中“My duties were straightforward: taking orders, delivering food and cleaning tables. I got really good at managing multiple tasks, and having a lot of responsibilities made me more responsible.(我的工作职责很简单：点餐、上菜、清理餐桌。我变得非常擅长同时处理多项任务，而肩负诸多责任也让我更有责任心了。)” 可知，人们普遍认为青少年打工的主要好处是培养责任感和技能。故选C项。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段“High school students spend about seven hours a day in classes, and then often stay afterward for school-sponsored sports or activities. It’s not necessarily a bad thing to be wrapped up in school.(高中生每天大约上7小时课，之后还常常参加校内体育或活动。沉浸在校园生活中未必是坏事。)”可知，作者认为高中生活高度以学校为中心。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段“The people I met at the restaurant taught me that you can become friends with those decades older than you and strangers who have none of the same interests or hobbies as you do. They taught me that you can wildly disagree with someone and still respect them, learn from them, and love them.(我在餐厅遇到的人让我明白，你可以和比你年长几十岁、兴趣爱好完全不同的人成为朋友。他们让我懂得，即使与他人意见分歧很大，依然可以尊重、学习并关爱对方。)”可知，作者学到有意义的关系可以跨越差异。故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“But I don’t think that’s the main benefit high school students get from working.(但我认为那并不是高中生打工的主要收获。)”和第三段“This is where I think the value of a high school job lies: learning how to form a community with people I never would have otherwise known.(我认为高中生打工的价值在于：学会与原本不可能认识的人建立群体联结。)”可知，作者认为这份经历最大的价值远超技能培养。故选B项。
21．D 22．D 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述1962年美国生物学家蕾切尔·卡森出版《寂静的春天》，该书警示无节制使用杀虫剂对环境的危害，引发了广泛争议。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Chemical companies campaigned against it strongly, as Carson’s warnings threatened their established and profitable practices.(化工企业对此强烈反对，因为卡森的警告可能会威胁到他们现有的盈利模式)”可知，化学公司反对《寂静的春天》是因为卡森的警告对他们的商业利益构成了威胁，故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Carson’s deep connection to nature began in her childhood in Pennsylvania, where she explored the woods and streams near her home. This passion led her to study biology, which gave her the scientific knowledge she would later use in her writing.(卡森与大自然的深厚联系始于她童年时期在宾夕法尼亚州的经历。在那里，她经常在自家附近的森林和溪流中探险。这份热爱促使她学习了生物学，而这些知识后来也帮助她用于自己的写作中)”可知，卡森童年的经历和生物学方面的正规教育塑造了她对环保事业的倡导，故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“She spent four years carefully researching for the book, gathering evidence from scientific studies and talking to farmers and fishermen who had seen the effects of pesticides.(她花了四年时间对该书进行了详尽的研究，从科学研究中收集证据，并与那些亲眼目睹过农药影响的农民和渔民进行了交流)”可知，卡森为这本书做的研究全面且资料来源多样，故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 1962, American biologist Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, a book that would change how people viewed nature. It warned that the harmful and uncontrolled use of pesticides (杀虫剂) was poisoning the environment and could lead to a silent spring without birdsongs. The book caused immediate debate. Chemical companies campaigned against it strongly, as Carson’s warnings threatened their established and profitable practices. Despite this opposition, the book raised global awareness about how easily nature can be harmed.( 1962年，美国生物学家蕾切尔·卡森出版了《寂静的春天》一书，这本书彻底改变了人们对自然的看法。书中警告称，有害且不受控制地使用杀虫剂正在污染环境，并可能导致一个没有鸟鸣声的“寂静春天”。这本书引发了激烈的争论。化学公司强烈反对这本书，因为卡森的警告威胁到了他们既定且盈利的生产方式。尽管面临这种反对，这本书还是提高了全球对自然容易受到损害这一现象的认识)”可知，文章围绕蕾切尔·卡森的《寂静的春天》展开，讲述了书的内容、引发的争议、卡森的背景及研究过程，还提到书带来的持久影响，可知，这篇文章的主要观点是蕾切尔·卡森的作品所产生的显著且持久的影响。故选B项。
25．A 26．B 27．B
【导语】文章主要介绍城市艺术博物馆即将举办一场名为《笔墨与青铜 —— 中华艺术五千年》的全新展览，介绍了展览时间、开放规则、票价、三大展厅展品特色以及咨询预约方式。
25．推理判断题。根据原文Gallery 2段落 “Unlike Western oil paintings, these works use simple brushstrokes to express the beauty and spirit of nature. (与西方油画不同，这些作品运用简约的笔触来展现自然之美与自然神韵。)” 可知，这幅名画重在展现自然的美与气韵。
26．细节理解题。根据原文Gallery 3段落“A special video station lets visitors try creating their own digital “ink painting”. (专属视频体验区可供游客尝试创作属于自己的数字水墨画。)” 可知，游客可以在三号展厅的视频体验区尝试创作数字艺术作品。
27．细节理解题。根据原文 Ticket Prices部分“Students (with ID): 40; Group tickets (10+ people): 20% off. (持证学生票价40元；10人及以上团体票享受八折优惠)”可知，15名持证学生原价：15×40=600元，享受八折后总价：600×0.8=480元，因此总计应付480元。
28．D 29．C 30．B 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇主要讲的是中国研究人员开发出一种无需用水、可自行清洁的玻璃，还能防止新灰尘附着，且生产可行，适用于太阳能板、汽车挡风玻璃、温室屋顶和高楼窗户等对清晰度和能源效率要求高的场所。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dust is everywhere and always finds a way to settle onto surfaces, no matter how many times you clean them. Geological and biological sources along with human-caused sources, like construction and mining, create surface particle pollution that can often reduce the visibility of windows and the performance of solar cells by blocking the light-receiving components.(灰尘无处不在，而且总是能找到办法附着在物体表面，无论你如何频繁清洁。地质和生物来源，以及人为来源（如建筑和采矿）所造成的表面颗粒污染，常常会阻碍光线接收组件的正常工作，从而降低窗户的可见度和太阳能电池的性能。)”可知，第二段中的这些事实主要表明了灰尘的广泛影响。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientists have used these properties of biological materials to create self-cleaning surfaces but their effectiveness relies on the availability of water, making it dependent on weather conditions like humidity (湿度). This dependency severely affects their application in waterless environments on Earth or in outer space.(科学家们利用生物材料的这些特性来制造自清洁表面，但其效果取决于是否有水，这使得其依赖于诸如湿度等天气条件。这种依赖性严重限制了它们在地球上的无水环境或外太空中的应用。)”可知，这种受自然启发的清洁方式适用范围有限。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The team has termed it the “particle shielding effect”, which cuts the buildup of atmospheric dust by almost 90 percent.(该团队将其称为“粒子屏蔽效应”，该效应能将大气中的灰尘积聚减少近 90%。)”可知，“粒子屏蔽效应”对用户的好处是使玻璃始终保持清洁无尘。
31．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The glass uses common materials, and its production process — which involves applying a conductive layer onto a glass sheet and then covering it with a thin protective film — fits well with current industrial methods.(这种玻璃使用的是常见的材料，其生产过程——包括在玻璃片上涂上导电层，然后覆盖上一层薄薄的保护膜——与当前的工业方法十分契合。)”可知，这种玻璃的生产过程与当前的工业方法十分契合，所以，这种新的设计是完全可行的，viable的意思是“可行的”，和Practical意思相近。
32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文主要探讨了性格内向的人在企业领导角色中的优势及作用，指出内向者也能成为优秀的企业领导者。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Gino said that introverts demonstrate superior performance when they are leading a team of proactive workers.(吉诺说，当内向者领导一群积极主动的员工时，他们会表现出卓越的表现。)”可知，与外向者不同，内向的领导者在领导主动工作的员工时表现最佳。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Introverts can use simple cues to make sure their value is not overlooked, Ancowitz said. ‘Sometimes it’s raising a finger, leaning forward, saying someone’s name — any of those cues can work. The important part is you need to be heard, you need to make your contributions known, otherwise you can get passed up for the raises and other people get the credit for your hard work.’(安科维茨说，内向的人可以用简单的暗示来确保自己的价值不被忽视。“有时候是举起一根手指，身体前倾，说出某人的名字——任何一种暗示都可以。重要的是你需要被听到，你需要让别人知道你的贡献，否则你会错过加薪的机会，而别人会为你的辛勤工作而获得赞誉。”)”可知，内向的领导者通过发出语言或非语言信号来让别人感受到他们的存在。
34．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“These leaders had learned to put careful thought into their social presentation at work and to manage expectations so that bosses and co-workers could see the up-side of their personal work style. The executives she studied had a hyperawareness about how they were viewed and managed it to their benefit.(这些领导者学会了在工作中仔细思考自己的社交表现，和管理期望，以便老板和同事能够看到他们个人工作风格的优点。她研究的这些高管们非常清楚别人是如何看待他们的，并利用这一点为自己谋利。)”可知，像外向者一样，内向的领导者也试图管理别人对他们的看法。
35．主旨大意题。根据根据第一段“Outgoing

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