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专题 05 短文填空（期末题型精练）-2025-2026学年高二英语下学期（外研版）
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Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 1 possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon. In September, special bacteria 2 (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased.
By the end of October 2024, the researchers 3 (conduct) numerous experiments and finally they made it. They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, 4 is similar to lunar soil. They treated the moon-like soil with three different kinds of bacteria. By 5 (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria-treated soil grew 6 (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria.
Xia Yitong, 7 co-author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 8 (incredible) expensive. He added, “A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long-term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 9 the human life on the moon. Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 10 (transport) from Earth.”
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Visiting museums 11 (become) a new holiday trend among young Chinese people since the eight-day National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday this year. Increasingly, more visitors are choosing to take the road less 12 (travel), opting to immerse themselves in culture and history at museums rather than fight their way through overcrowded conventional attractions.
Ahead 13 the “super golden week”, online tickets for major museums across the country were in extremely high demand. Popular institutions such as the National Museum of China, the Palace Museum in Beijing 14 the Shanxi Museum saw their tickets sell out rapidly once bookings opened.
For many, securing a ticket felt like a success. “It was fortunate for me 15 (get) a ticket for the National Day,” shared a woman in her early 30s from Fuzhou, 16 had come to specifically visit the Shanxi Museum. For her and other young visitors, museums offer more than just education; they provide a 17 (peace) escape from the festive crowds.
Some come 18 (simple) for a quiet walk to unwind when they feel stressed by daily life or holiday crowds. To personalize the experience, the youth engage more by creating and sharing humorous memes (模因) inspired by a collection of artistic 19 (work) they see, or by collecting unique souvenirs from museum shops, 20 (mix) cultural appreciation with modern entertainment.
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To improve students’ mental health, China has introduced new policies aimed at reducing pressure and creating a healthier school life. The Ministry of Education 21 (recent) announced that all primary and secondary schools should limit screen time, cut homework, 22 ensure at least two hours of physical exercise every day.
Under the new rules, mobile phones are banned in classrooms, and schools are required to set “screen-free” periods 23 (prevent) students from relying too much on the Internet. In addition, teachers must strictly control how much homework should 24 (give) so that students have more time to rest and relax.
Schools are also encouraged to make 25 (reason) daily schedules. By adjusting arrival and dismissal times and 26 (allow) enough time for lunch breaks, they can help students get the sleep they need. The ministry stressed that schools must stop problems such as excessive studying and heavy academic burdens, both of 27 may harm students’ health.
Experts point out that too much homework and test pressure have long caused many students to feel anxious or depressed. The new measures, therefore, are designed to make school life 28 (stressful) and more balanced.
Meanwhile, the ministry also plans to ease teachers’ workloads by reducing extra 29 (duty) and avoiding weekend or holiday work. Although China’s 2021 education law already banned after-school tutoring, many parents still try to find extra classes to help their children compete 30 the country’s demanding education system.
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Bird-watching has been included in a public benefit program “Park Classes” in Wuhan schools. 31 (bury) in books and having little access to the outside world, many students don’t have the 32 (little) idea of what nature really is.
This program is designed 33 (raise) the awareness of environmental protection among school kids, who often feel greatly refreshed by 34 (appreciate) the grace of adorable creatures through cameras.
Among the selective courses 35 (be) the restoration of small and micro wetlands. As for this course, 36 is needed is a lot of hands-on practice. Under the 37 (guide) of their teachers, students are required to conduct research on a 500-square-meter wetland in the city parks. Focusing their attention 38 the wetland’s physical condition, they have recorded the number of plant and animal species to create a restoration plan. Thanks to their efforts, the biodiversity of the wetland has been 39 (significant) improved.
“It’s very meaningful,” said Li Chenliang, 40 eighth grader from this project. “I have gained a lot of knowledge that cannot be directly got from books. I should make full use of the city’s ecological advantages and get more chances to get closer to nature.”
语法填空
The area of the Yellow River Wetland Park in Yinchuan, once a place local people avoided because of serious pollution, has become not only a popular destination for the locals, but also a territory 41 (frequent) visited by migratory birds.
The Yinchuan Wetland Park is only part of China’s many 42 (achievement) in the protection of wetland. In the past fewyears, many cities 43 (award) the title of “international wetland cities”, displaying a great 44 (various) of patterns and styles. For example, Wuhan, known as “a city of a hundred lakes”, has five large wetland reserves, 45 tens of thousands of birds come to stay in wintertime.
Liangping District in Chongqing, however, is totally different 46 a natural wetland.
By contrast, it is 47 (much) closely tied to human activities. People built small wetlands in rural areas. What’s more, they have combined these wetlands with organic farms, homestays and healthcare centers, which has resulted in 48 increase in income of up to 52,000 yuan per household.
Panjin in Liaoning Province is another incredible wetland city. In the past, the city suffered from environmental problems 49 (cause) by oil production. But now in the coastal wetlands,seagrass turns a breathtaking red every autumn, creating beautiful “red beaches”. You can’t imagine 50 beautiful it is!
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Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, one of the top ten ancient Chinese paintings, shows the prosperity of Bianjing, 51 capital of the Song Dynasty. This national treasure was created by Zhang Zeduan, a native of Shandong Province who studied painting in his early years in Bianjing.
The ancient painting, 52 (measure) 528 centimeters long and 24.8 centimeters wide, is noted for its reasonable arrangement and perfect 53 (compose). With the painting gradually unfolded, the first thing 54 (catch) the eye is the early spring scenery outside Bianjing streams, bridges, boats and sprouting (发芽) trees. Some travelers 55 (hurry) on their way in the thin fog, presenting a typical picture of the Qingming Festival.
At the end of the country road comes the middle part — the Bianhe River. The arched bridge stands like a rainbow over the river with streams of people bustling about. Under the bridge 56 (be) many boats competing for the right of way.
The last part is the crowded and noisy downtown, 57 streets are lined with government mansions, residential courtyards, workshops, teahouses and grocery stores witnessing people from all walks of life going about various business. So incredibly alive does the painting look that it seems as if we could see the people walking by and hear 58 they are talking about.
Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival serves as a window 59 the Song Dynasty, providing very 60 (value) materials for future generations to understand and study Chinese people's economic and social life over 800 years ago.
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Chinese scientists have made the world’s 61 (one) ultra-high parallel optical computing integrated chip (超高并行光计算集成芯片). This chip can reach 62 peak of 2560 TOPS (Tera Operations Per Second) with a 50 GHz optical clock speed.
Researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics designed and made the chip by 63 (they). It has a large bandwidth and low loss, which makes it very 64 (power).
One key innovation is using soliton microcomb sources (孤子微梳源), 65 provide over 100 wavelength channels. “We have achieved information interaction and computation with over 100-wavelength multiplexing on one chip, 66 (show) high-density parallel processing,” said Xie, a researcher.
Unlike old optical computing that uses one wavelength, this new way uses over 100 light wavelengths 67 (process) data at the same time — boosting computing power by up to 100 times 68 making the chip bigger or changing its frequency. “It’s like turning a single-lane road into a highway that can handle hundreds of cars at the same time, 69 (great) increasing throughput without changing the chip hardware,” said Han, an engineer.
This new optical computing design shows great promise for use in artificial intelligence and data 70 (center).
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When people think of temple fairs in China, they often imagine iconic lion dances and traditional performances. However, for 71 (local) in Sihong, Jiangsu Province, Qiangan Dance (钱杆舞) is the tradition that best represents their cultural identity.
A qiangan is a stick made of bamboo or wood, usually 72 (decorate) with copper coins (铜钱), bells and ribbons. Qiangan Dance performers use the qiangan 73 (hit) their shoulders, waists, legs and other body parts lightly while 74 (dance) to the rhythm of local folk music. Because of its cultural importance, Qiangan Dance 75 (recognize) as an intangible cultural heritage in Jiangsu province in 2023.
Hu Bo, 50, president of the Qiangan Dance Association in Sihong County, was born into a family of folk artists. He 76 (begin) learning the dance as a child and has practised it for decades.
What interests him most is the Huaihe culture behind the dance. Sihong County lies along the Huaihe River, 77 divides northern and southern China. Despite its cultural value, Qiangan Dance, 78 a certain extent, is at the risk of being forgotten. Many young people leave Sihong for work, and few are practising it now, Hu recalled.
To fight against this cultural 79 (ignore), Hu formed a training team. They regularly showcase the dance at temple fairs, museums, and competitions. Hu also shares performances online, attracting enthusiasts who inspire him to “bring Qiangan Dance to 80 bigger stage.”
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China is making efforts to deal with rising obesity (过度肥胖) rates by adding a nationwide weight management campaign 81 its Healthy China initiative, a comprehensive public health strategy 82 (issue) in 2019 to improve national health outcomes. In early April, China’s National Health Commission (NHC) 83 (announce) a new nationwide weight management campaign 84 sets goals through 2030. NHC aims to create 85 (support) environments, boost public awareness and skills, promote healthy lifestyles, 86 slow the country’s rising obesity rates.
Following the wide spread of the news, doctors are advising people with a high body weight to be cautious about climbing mountains or hiking, 87 (note) that hiking increases pressure on the knees and the heart and blood system, raising the risk of falls or injuries. Therefore, they recommend low-impact activities like swimming or walking on flat surfaces, as they minimize body pressure.
For those who are determined to lose weight but are not sure whether they have chosen the method that best suits 88 (they), medic team in hospitals nationwide could provide a solution.
The hospital uses medical knowledge, structured management, and smart tools to help patients overcome challenges and avoid side effect from weight 89 (lose). Clinical monitoring can detect issues like nutrient deficiencies, anemia (贫血), or 90 (healthy)muscle loss instead of fat loss, the expert explained.
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Inside a workshop in Lyon, France, the soft rhythm of weaving (织布) machines fills the air as colorful threads move smoothly. For centuries, silk-making traditions, passed down through generations, 91 (shape) Lyon’s identity. In these workshops, skilled workers use silk-screen printing, 92 technique originating in China, to layer colors one by one. 93 (remarkable), creating a single scarf can involve up to 30 different colors, each requiring its own screen and printing step. This 94 (detail) process, demanding steady hands and sharp eyes, ensures that every piece is unique, and full of character.
Lyon’s connection to silk dates back to ancient times, 95 the city became a key gateway for Chinese silk entering Europe. During the Roman Empire. Lyon’s location along the Rhine River made it an important trading center. The 96 (arrive) of silk brought significant cultural and economic changes, establishing long-lasting ties between China and France. Even the street designs of Lyon’s Old Town 97 (tailor) to protect silk products from wind and rain during transport, showing how silk influenced the city’s development in many ways.
Today, Lyon is still celebrated 98 a center for silk production, design, and cultural exchange, 99 (inspire) many famous fashion houses around the world. Thanks to China’s Belt and Road initiative, new trade routes are bringing fresh 100 (opportunity) to Lyon. This renewed partnership continues to weave a future of shared creativity and innovation.
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The roots of traditional Chinese painting can date back to the paintings on ancient pottery, such as figures of animals, plants and dances, 6000 – 7000 years old. Since similar tools and lines 101 (use) for the earliest painting and writing, Chinese painting have been said to have 102 same origin as calligraphy (书法). Thus, Chinese painting has an outstanding characteristic — poetry or calligraphy is used in paintings, 103 (give) people a great enjoyment of beauty.
Many murals (壁画), paintings 104 (do) on walls or decorative paintings, can be seen in tombs of the Han, Tang and other 105 (dynasty). Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter of the Jin Dynasty, was good 106 presenting historical themes. The Tang painter, Wu Daozi, was an expert at figure and scenes painting. The Tang painters, Li Sixun and Li Zhaodao, 107 were father and son, used minerals to paint scenery. Flower-and-bird painting is also an important type of traditional Chinese painting.
Contemporary (现代的) painters have specialties. Some only paint figures of ladies, and some only paint animals, 108 even one kind of animal. As a result, the more they paint, the 109 (good) their paintings become. Exhibitions of the Chinese painting have been being held 110 (active). Art galleries around the world hold such exhibitions year in, year out.
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There are various reasons 111 people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express 112 (they). Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes, which may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but are easy 113 (learn) and recite. One of the simplest kinds of poetry is the “list poem” with a flexible line 114 (long) and repeated phrases. Some rhymes, 115 others don’t. Another simple form of poetry that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up 116 five lines. Besides, haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It is not a 117 (tradition) form of English poetry. It can give a clear picture and create a special feeling 118 (use) very little words. English speakers also enjoy poems from China, especially Tang poetry. A lot of Tang poetry 119 (translate) into English in the past decades. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may 120 (eventual) want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
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Modern farms are increasingly automated — from GPS-controlled combine harvesters to machines that shake apples from trees. One task, though, seems stubbornly 121 (resist) to being handed to robots: picking grapes. Like all soft fruit, grapes have a narrow window of 122 (ripe), and are easy to being crushed if picked by clumsy metallic fingers. Matters are worse if the fruit 123 (intend) for fine wine.
A project at Saffron Grange vineyard in Essex, however, aims to change some minds. Engineers working with Extend Robotics, are building a grape-picking robot 124 (equip) with visual sensors powered by AI to tell when fruit is ripe, and pressure sensitive fingers 125 (grasp) and cut bunches（串）from vines 126 having to shake any fruit loose.
The project is still in its early stages. The current version of the robot has to be awkwardly controlled in real-time — by a pilot wearing a VR headset. The owners of Saffron Grange vineyard 127 (provide) leaf, grape and juice samples to train the AI systems already and committed to planting half a field of vines（葡萄藤） 128 the robot can run freely.
Robotic help would be a blessing for the vineyard. Harvest time is short and intense — a ten-day intensive activity when 129 typical English vineyard's staff will swell five-fold. With a robot, Paul Harrison, the vineyard's manager, imagines 130 (turn) grape-picking into a 24-hour operation by hiring skilled laborers in Australia who could dial into the VR controls and pick grapes remotely, after his local workers have clocked off for the day.
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Humans evolved from apes (类人猿). This is 131 we learned in biology class. But what came before apes So far Chinese scientists 132 (discover) fossils that could enrich the evolutionary (进化的) story of how humans evolved from fish.
Zhu Min, a lead researcher of the studies, said that the findings drew a large amount of interest in the science world due to the 133 (important) of jaws in animal evolution. However, the rise of the jaw had been a mystery due to a lack of sufficient fossil evidence 134 (support) that jawed vertebrates lived 450 million years ago. The latest findings 135 (make) by Zhu’s team presented a set of five surprisingly well-preserved fish fossils that included three whole-bodied fish, 136 (help) scientists paint a more accurate evolutionary picture of the origin of the jaw. The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata (岩层) date back 137 the Silurian Period that began around 440 million years ago.
These fossils show that jawed fish were already thriving in the world’s ancient oceans at that time. 138 (late) on, more diverse and larger jawed fish evolved and began to spread around the world, paving the way for some fish to 139 (eventual) go on land and evolve into other animals – including humans. These fossils provide 140 opportunity to learn the ‘dawn of fish’ and help scientists trace many human body structures back to these ancient fish, thus filling some key gaps in the evolutionary history of how fish evolved into humans.
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Li Hua, a name familiar to many Chinese students, frequently appears in writing tasks of English exams. Over decades, the topics of these writing tasks 141 (change) dramatically, reflecting great progress in English education.
One major change is the popularization and advance of English learning. Tian Lijun, born in the 1970s, started to learn English in middle school. “My first English teacher taught in Chinese mainly with blackboard.” she recalled. In the following years, English education began at 142 (early) stages and became more engaging. For Gen Zers like Wang Mengqi, 27, 143 (expose) to English came even before elementary school. “My colleagues and I encourage students to switch to 144 English-only mode during class.” said Wang, now a high school English teacher in Beijing. Students at her school can frequently use multimedia tools to practice English and even AI devices 145 (improve) their English.
Another change in English learning is the writing topics, 146 have shifted from helping Li Hua ask about foreign customs to introducing Chinese culture. Wang believes this is closely tied to China’s 147 (grow) cultural confidence.
As an 148 (experience) English teacher, Zhang Zhibin says, “English isn’t just a subject; it’s a key 149 the world.” English education bridges China and the world — equipping youth not just with language skills, 150 the ability to share China’s story and connect with the world.
《专题 05 短文填空（期末题型精练）-2025-2026学年高二英语下学期（外研版）》参考答案
1．it 2．were introduced 3．had conducted 4．which 5．comparison 6．better 7．a 8．incredibly 9．to 10．to be transported
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国研究人员通过向模拟月壤引入特殊细菌，成功提升土壤肥力，使得植物在月壤中的生长成为可能，为解决未来月球基地的食物和氧气供应提供了更经济可行的方案。
1．考查形式宾语。句意：最近，中国的研究人员发现了一种使土壤变得肥沃的新方法，这使得人类在月球上发展农业成为可能。固定句型“make it+形容词+for sb. to do”表示“使得做某事对某人来说怎么样”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。故填it。
2．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在九月时，特殊的细菌被引入土壤中，结果他们发现，磷增加了，这是一种对植物重要的营养物质。空处作句子的谓语，根据“In September”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，introduce“引进”和主语special bacteria之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were introduced。
3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：到2024年10月底，研究人员已经进行了大量实验，并且最终成功了。空处作谓语，结合“By the end of October 2024”可知，此处描述的是过去的过去发生的事，时态应用过去完成时。故填had conducted。
4．考查定语从句。句意：他们种植了一种与烟草有关的植物，并使用了来自吉林省长白山的火山土壤，这种土壤与月球土壤相似。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词volcanic soil作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
5．考查名词。句意：相比之下，在经细菌处理过的土壤中生长的植物，比在未经细菌处理的土壤中生长的植物长得更好。by comparison为固定搭配，意为“相比之下”。故填comparison。
6．考查比较级。句意：相比之下，在经细菌处理过的土壤中生长的植物，比在未经细菌处理的土壤中生长的植物长得更好。空处修饰动词grew，结合空后的“than plants”可知，需用副词well的比较级形式better，表示“长得更好”。故填better。
7．考查冠词。句意：该研究的一位共同作者夏一桐表示，向月球上的人们运送食物、氧气和水将极其昂贵。空处表示泛指，意为“一位共同作者”，应用不定冠词，且co-author的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
8．考查副词。句意：该研究的一位共同作者夏一桐表示，向月球上的人们运送食物、氧气和水将极其昂贵。空处修饰形容词expensive，应用副词incredibly，意为“非常”。故填incredibly。
9．考查介词。句意：他补充说：“月球上的植物种植系统将满足人类长期的食物和氧气需求，从而有助于人类在月球上生活。”contribute to为固定搭配，意为“有助于，促成”。故填to。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：其他不需要土壤的月球种植方案成本更高，因为它们需要从地球运输材料。require sth. to do是固定搭配，意为“需要某物做某事”，且transport“运输”和materials逻辑上是被动关系，因此用transport的不定式被动语态。故填to be transported。
11．has become 12．traveled 13．of 14．and 15．to get 16．who 17．peaceful 18．simply 19．works 20．mixing
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述今年国庆中秋八天假期以来，参观博物馆成为中国年轻人的新度假趋势，年轻人更愿意沉浸于文化历史，而非扎堆传统热门景点。
11．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今年国庆中秋八天假期以来，参观博物馆已成为中国年轻人的一种新度假趋势。此空考查谓语动词，主语Visiting museums与become为主动关系，根据时间状语“since the eight-day National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday this year”可知，应用现在完成时；主语“Visiting museums”是动名词短语，视为单数。故填has become。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的游客选择走不那么拥挤的路，选择沉浸在博物馆的文化和历史中，而不是在人满为患的传统景点中拥挤前行。此空考查非谓语，road与travel为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填traveled。
13．考查介词。句意：“超级黄金周”来临前，全国各大博物馆的线上门票需求极高。这里考查固定搭配ahead of，意为“在……之前”，符合语境。故填of。
14．考查连词。句意：中国国家博物馆、北京故宫博物院以及山西博物院等热门场馆的门票一开售就迅速售罄。分析句子结构可知，空格前后为并列的专有名词，表并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位专程来参观山西博物院的福州30岁出头的女士表示：“能买到一张国庆期间的票，我真是太幸运了。”分析句子结构可知，这里考查固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故填to get。
16．考查定语从句。句意：一位专程来参观山西博物院的福州30岁出头的女士表示：“能买到一张国庆期间的票，我真是太幸运了。” 这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是a woman，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
17．考查形容词。句意：对她和其他年轻游客来说，博物馆不仅仅是教育场所；它们还提供了一个远离节日人群的宁静去处。此处修饰名词escape，需用形容词，peace的形容词形式为peaceful，表“宁静的”，符合语境。故填peaceful。
18．考查副词。句意：有些人只是在日常生活或假日人群让他们感到压力时，来这里安静地散步放松。此处修饰动词come，需用副词，simple的副词形式为simply。故填simply。
19．考查名词复数。句意：为了让体验更具个性化，年轻人会更多地参与进来，根据看到的一系列艺术品创作并分享搞笑模因，或者从博物馆商店购买独特的纪念品，将文化欣赏与现代娱乐融为一体。work此处表“作品”，为可数名词，前面有“a collection of”修饰，应用复数形式works。故填works。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让体验更具个性化，年轻人会更多地参与进来，根据看到的一系列艺术品创作并分享搞笑模因，或者从博物馆商店购买独特的纪念品，将文化欣赏与现代娱乐融为一体。此空考查非谓语，主语the youth与mix为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作状语。故填mixing。
21．recently 22．and 23．to prevent 24．be given 25．reasonable 26．allowing 27．which 28．less stressful 29．duties 30．in
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国为改善学生心理健康、减轻学业压力而推出的一系列新教育政策及其具体措施。
21．考查副词。句意：教育部最近宣布，所有中小学应限制屏幕使用时间、减少作业，并确保每天至少两小时的体育锻炼。此处需用副词形式修饰动词announced，作状语，recent为形容词，其副词形式为recently，表示“最近”。故填recently。
22．考查连词。句意：教育部最近宣布，所有中小学应限制屏幕使用时间、减少作业，并确保每天至少两小时的体育锻炼。 句中“limit screen time”、“cut homework”与“ensure at least two hours of physical exercise”为并列的动作，需用并列连词and连接。 故填and。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据新规定，教室禁止使用手机，学校被要求设置“无屏幕时段”，以防止学生过度依赖网络。本句已有谓语are required，空格处用非谓语形式，此处表目的，需用动词不定式to prevent作目的状语。故填to prevent。
24．考查被动语态。句意：此外，教师必须严格控制作业量，以便学生有更多时间休息和放松。homework与give为被动关系，且情态动词should后接动词原形，需用被动语态be given。故填be given。
25．考查形容词。句意：学校也被鼓励制定合理的每日时间表。此处需用形容词形式修饰名词schedules，作定语，reason为名词，其形容词形式为reasonable，表示“合理的”。故填reasonable。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过调整到校和放学时间、允许充足的午休时间，学校可以帮助学生获得所需的睡眠。介词by后接动名词作宾语，且“adjusting”与“allowing”为并列结构，需用动名词形式allowing。故填allowing。
27．考查定语从句。句意：教育部强调，学校必须杜绝过度学习和沉重学业负担等问题，这些问题都可能损害学生的健康。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“problems such as excessive studying and heavy academic burdens”，指物，且关系词在“both of + 关系词”结构中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which。故填which。
28．考查形容词。句意：因此，这些新措施旨在让学校生活更少压力、更平衡。由空后“and more balanced”可知，此处需用形容词stressful的比较级less stressful，与more balanced构成并列结构。故填less stressful。
29．考查名词。句意：同时，教育部还计划通过减少额外职责、避免周末或假期工作来减轻教师的工作量。duty为可数名词，且空前有extra修饰，需用复数形式duties。故填duties。
30．考查介词。句意：尽管中国2021年的教育法已经禁止课后辅导，但许多家长仍试图寻找额外课程，以帮助孩子在竞争激烈的教育体系中竞争。compete in是固定搭配，表示“在……中竞争”。故填in。
31．Buried 32．least 33．to raise 34．appreciating 35．is 36．what 37．guidance 38．on 39．significantly 40．an
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了观鸟已被纳入武汉学校的公益项目“公园课堂”，既让学生们了解了自然，又有利于环境保护。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生埋头于书本之中，很少有机会接触外面的世界，因此他们对大自然的本质一无所知。空处作句子的状语，bury和many students逻辑上是被动关系，应用bury的过去分词形式buried，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Buried。
32．考查形容词最高级。句意：许多学生埋头于书本之中，很少有机会接触外面的世界，因此他们对大自然的本质一无所知。固定短语not have the least idea of意为“对……一无所知，完全不知道”，空处应用little的最高级形式least构成该短语。故填least。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在提高在校学生的环境保护意识，他们经常通过镜头欣赏可爱生物的优雅，从而感到精力充沛。固定短语be designed to do sth.，意为“旨在做……”，空处应用raise的不定式形式to raise。故填to raise。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在提高在校学生的环境保护意识，他们经常通过镜头欣赏可爱生物的优雅，从而感到精力充沛。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填appreciating。
35．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在选修课中有小型和微型湿地的恢复。此处作句子的谓语，表示地点的介词短语Among the selective courses放在句首，引起句子完全倒装，主语是the restoration of small and micro wetlands，且句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，空处应用is。故填is。
36．考查主语从句。句意：至于这门课程，所需要的是大量的实践操作。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what。故填what。
37．考查名词。句意：在老师的指导下，学生们需要在城市公园500平方米的湿地上进行研究。短语under the guidance of意为“在……的指导下”，名词作宾语。故填guidance。
38．考查介词。句意：他们将注意力集中在湿地的实际情况上，记录了其中的动植物种类数量，以此来制定恢复计划。短语focus one’s attention on意为“关注……”。故填on。
39．考查副词。句意：由于他们的努力，这片湿地的生物多样性得到了显著的改善。空处修饰动词improved，应用significant的副词形式significantly，意为“显著地”。故填significantly。
40．考查冠词。句意：“这很有意义，”这个项目的一名八年级学生李晨亮说。grader表示泛指，意为“一名，一位”，应用不定冠词，且eighth发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
41．frequently 42．achievements 43．have been awarded 44．variety 45．where 46．from 47．more 48．an 49．caused 50．how
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在湿地保护方面的多项成就，通过银川、武汉、重庆梁平、辽宁盘锦等地的案例展现湿地保护的不同模式与成效。
41．考查副词。句意：银川黄河湿地公园曾经因污染严重被当地人避之不及，如今不仅成为了当地人喜爱的去处，还成了候鸟频繁光顾的区域。空格处需修饰过去分词visited，应用形容词frequent的副词形式frequently“频繁地”。故填frequently。
42．考查名词单复数。句意：银川湿地公园只是中国在湿地保护方面众多成就中的一部分。achievement为可数名词，空前有many修饰，需用复数形式achievements。故填achievements。
43．考查动词时态和语态。句意：过去几年里，许多城市被授予“国际湿地城市”称号，展现出多种多样的模式和风格。根据时间状语In the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时；主语many cities与award之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，且主语为复数，故填have been awarded。
44．考查名词。句意：过去几年里，许多城市被授予“国际湿地城市”称号，展现出多种多样的模式和风格。空格处前有不定冠词a和形容词great修饰，需用形容词various的名词形式variety，a great variety of为固定搭配，意为“多种多样的”。故填variety。
45．考查定语从句。句意：例如，被誉为“百湖之城”的武汉拥有五处大型湿地保护区，每年冬季有数以万计的鸟类前来栖息。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为wetland reserves，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
46．考查介词。句意：然而，重庆梁平区的湿地与天然湿地完全不同。be different from为固定搭配，意为“与……不同”，故填from。
47．考查副词比较级。句意：相比之下，它与人类活动的联系更为紧密。根据By contrast可知，此处存在与天然湿地的对比，需用much的比较级more修饰副词closely“更为紧密地”。故填more。
48．考查冠词。句意：此外，他们将这些湿地与有机农场、民宿和健康中心相结合，使每户家庭的收入增加了高达5.2万元。increase为可数名词，此处表泛指“一次增长”，且increase是以元音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词an。故填an。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：过去，这座城市饱受石油生产带来的环境问题困扰。空格处需作后置定语修饰environmental problems，且problems与cause之间为被动关系，应用过去分词caused。故填caused。
50．考查宾语从句。句意：你无法想象它有多美！空格处引导宾语从句，且从句中修饰形容词beautiful，应用连接副词how“多么”。故填how。
51．the 52．measuring 53．composition 54．to catch 55．are hurrying 56．are 57．whose 58．what 59．to 60．valuable
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《清明上河图》这幅中国古代名画的内容、艺术特色及其历史价值。
51．考查冠词。句意：《清明上河图》是中国古代十大名画之一，它展现了北宋都城汴京的繁华景象。空格后“capital of the Song Dynasty” (宋朝的都城)是对“Bianjing(汴京)”的同位语，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
52．考查非谓语动词。句意：这幅古画长528厘米，宽24.8厘米，以其合理的布局和完美的构图而著称。此处为非谓语动词作定语，measure与逻辑主语painting之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语，故填measuring。
53．考查名词。句意：这幅古画长528厘米，宽24.8厘米，以其合理的布局和完美的构图而著称。此处与arrangement并列，作介词for的宾语。compose的名词形式为composition“构图”。故填composition。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着画卷的逐渐展开，首先映入眼帘的是汴京郊外的早春景色——溪流、桥梁、船只和发芽的树木。“the+序数词+名词+不定式”表示“第几个做某事的”，此处表示“第一个吸引眼球的事情”，故该空是动词不定式。故填to catch。
55．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：一些旅客在薄雾中匆匆赶路，这正是清明节时常见的景象。空处为句子的谓语动词，画作《清明上河图》捕捉的是瞬间的动态画面——“旅客在薄雾中赶路”，因此用现在进行时。且主语travelers为复数，be动词为are。故填are hurrying。
56．考查主谓一致。句意：桥下有许多船只在争路。“Under the bridge”是地点状语，置于句首时句子要用完全倒装，句子的主语是“many boats”为复数，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时，be动词用are。故填are。
57．考查定语从句。句意：最后一部分是拥挤喧闹的市中心，这里的街道两旁排列着官府宅邸、民居院落、作坊、茶馆和杂货店，见证着各行各业的人们忙着各式营生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词downtown，且先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。
58．考查宾语从句。句意：这幅画看起来栩栩如生，令人难以置信，仿佛我们能看到路过的人，听得到他们在谈论什么。hear后接宾语从句，从句中“talking about”缺少宾语，表示“讨论的内容”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。
59．考查介词。句意：《清明上河图》如同一扇通往宋朝的窗口，为后世理解与研究800多年前中国人的经济社会生活提供了极其珍贵的资料。serve as a window to...“作为通往……的窗口”。故填to。
60．考查形容词。句意：《清明上河图》如同一扇通往宋朝的窗口，为后世理解与研究800多年前中国人的经济社会生活提供了极其珍贵的资料。value是名词，此处需要形容词valuable “有价值的”来修饰名词materials。故填valuable。
61．first 62．a 63．themselves 64．powerful 65．which 66．showing 67．to process 68．without 69．greatly 70．centers/centres
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家研制出世界首款超高并行光计算集成芯片，阐述其技术创新、优势及应用前景。
61．考查序数词。句意：中国科学家研制出了世界上首款超高并行光计算集成芯片。根据空前提及的“the world’s”及语境，此处表示“第一个”，需用序数词first修饰名词chip，体现该芯片的开创性。故填first。
62．考查冠词。句意：该芯片光时钟速度为 50 吉赫兹，峰值运算速度可达 2560 万亿次/秒。“peak”为可数名词，此处表示“一个峰值”，表泛指，且peak以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，构成固定搭配reach a peak of“达到……的峰值”。故填a。
63．考查反身代词。句意：上海光学精密机械研究所的研究人员自主设计并制造了该芯片。此处强调“研究人员亲自、自主完成”，需用反身代词themselves作介词by的宾语，by oneself表示“独自、亲自”。故填themselves。
64．考查形容词。句意：它具有大带宽和低损耗的特点，这使得它非常强大。根据句意和空前“makes it very”可知，空处需用形容词powerful作宾语补足语，表示“强大的”。故填powerful。
65．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一个关键创新是使用孤子微梳源，它可以提供超过100个波长通道。空格处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词soliton microcomb sources，并在从句中作主语，指物，因此用关系代词which。故填which。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员谢表示：“我们在单芯片上实现了100多个波长复用的信息交互与计算，展现出高密度并行处理能力。” 句子谓语动词为have achieved，逗号后无连词，需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，主语We与show为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填showing。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：与传统光计算仅使用一个波长不同，这种新方法利用100多个光波长同时处理数据——在不增大芯片尺寸或改变频率的情况下，计算能力提升高达100倍。此处表示“利用波长的目的是处理数据”，需用动词不定式作目的状语，说明使用多波长的用途。故填to process。
68．考查介词。句意同上。根据句意，此处表示“不通过……的方式”，即在没有改变硬件的情况下提升了性能。without意为“没有”，后接动名词，符合语法和句意。故填without。
69．考查副词。句意：一位工程师韩说：“这就像把一条单行道变成一条可以同时容纳数百辆汽车的高速公路，大大提高了吞吐量，而无需改变芯片硬件。”。空处需用副词greatly修饰动词increasing作状语，表示“大大地”。故填greatly。
70．考查名词复数。句意：这这种新的光学计算设计在人工智能和数据中心方面具有巨大的应用前景。根据句意和空前“artificial intelligence and data”可知，空处需用名词复数centers/centres作宾语，表示“多个数据中心领域”，符合泛指用法。故填centers/centres。
71．locals 72．decorated 73．to hit 74．dancing 75．was recognized 76．began 77．which 78．to 79．ignorance 80．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了江苏省泗洪县的非物质文化遗产 —— 钱杆舞，包括钱杆的制作材料、舞蹈表演形式，还讲述了钱杆舞协会会长胡波传承该文化的经历，以及当前钱杆舞面临的传承困境与保护措施。
71．考查名词复数。句意：然而，对于江苏省泗洪县的当地人来说，钱杆舞才是最能代表他们文化身份的传统。“local”作名词时表示“当地人”，为可数名词，此处指泗洪县的众多当地人，应用复数形式locals。故填locals。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：钱杆是用竹子或木头制成的棍子，通常装饰有铜钱、铃铛和彩带。句中已有谓语动词“is”且空前无其它连词，所以此处应用decorate的非谓语动词形式，因其与被修饰的名词“a stick”之间为被动关系，即棍子被装饰，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填decorated。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：钱杆舞表演者会随着当地民间音乐的节奏跳舞，同时用钱杆轻轻击打自己的肩膀、腰部、腿部和其他身体部位。根据语意可知，“使用钱杆”的目的是“击打身体部位”，应用hit的动词不定式作目的状语。故填to hit。
74．考查省略表达。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，while引导的为状语从句，从句的主语与主句的主语一致，所以可省略从句的主语和be动词，其完整形式为：while (Qiangan Dance performers are) dancing to the rhythm of local folk music。故填dancing。
75．考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：由于其文化重要性，钱杆舞于2023年被认定为江苏省非物质文化遗产。根据时间状语“in 2023”和语境可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；主语“Qiangan Dance”与“recognize”之间为被动关系，即被认定，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，be动词应用was。故填was recognized。
76．考查时态。句意：他小时候就开始学习这种舞蹈，并且已经练习了几十年。根据时间状语“as a child”和语境可知，“开始学习”是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，begin用过去式。故填began。
77．考查定语从句。句意：泗洪县位于淮河沿岸，淮河是中国南北方的分界线。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the Huaihe River”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which来引导。故填which。
78．考查介词。句意：胡波回忆道，尽管具有文化价值，但钱杆舞在一定程度上面临着被遗忘的风险。“to a certain extent”为固定短语，意为“在一定程度上”。故填to。
79．考查名词。句意：为了对抗这种文化上的无知，胡波组建了一支训练队。根据空格前的“this cultural”可知，此处应用ignore的名词形式ignorance作宾语，为不可数名词，表“忽视”的抽象概念。故填ignorance。
80．考查冠词。句意：胡波还在网上分享表演视频，吸引了不少爱好者，这些爱好者激励着他“把钱杆舞带上更大的舞台”。“stage”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个更大的舞台”，且“bigger”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
81．to 82．issued 83．announced 84．that/which 85．supportive 86．and 87．noting 88．them 89．loss 90．unhealthy
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述中国通过在“健康中国”倡议中增加全国性体重管理活动来应对日益上升的肥胖率。
81．考查介词。句意：中国正在努力应对不断上升的肥胖率，将一项全国性的体重管理活动纳入其“健康中国”倡议中。“add... to...”为固定短语，意为“把……添加到……”。故填to。
82．考查非谓语动词。句意：“健康中国”倡议是2019年发布的一项全面的公共卫生战略，旨在改善国民健康状况。“____2____ (issue) in 2019 to improve national health outcomes”在句中作后置定语，修饰“a comprehensive public health strategy”，“strategy”与“issue（发布）”之间是被动关系，即战略是被发布的，所以用过去分词issued。故填issued。
83．考查动词时态。句意：4月初，中国国家卫生健康委员会宣布了一项新的全国性体重管理活动，该活动设定了到2030年的目标。根据时间状语“In early April”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，announce的过去式为announced。故填announced。
84．考查定语从句。句意：4月初，中国国家卫生健康委员会宣布了一项新的全国性体重管理活动，该活动设定了到2030年的目标。“____4____ sets goals through 2030”是定语从句，先行词是“a new nationwide weight management campaign”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that / which。
85．考查形容词。句意：国家卫生健康委员会旨在营造支持性的环境，提高公众意识和技能，推广健康的生活方式，并减缓该国不断上升的肥胖率。此处修饰名词“environments”，应用形容词作定语，support的形容词是supportive，意为“支持的；给予帮助的”。故填supportive。
86．考查连词。句意：国家卫生健康委员会旨在营造支持性的环境，提高公众意识和技能，推广健康的生活方式，并减缓该国不断上升的肥胖率。“create supportive environments”“boost public awareness and skills”“promote healthy lifestyles”和“slow the country’s rising obesity rates”这几个动作是并列关系，所以用and连接。故填and。
87．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一消息广泛传播后，医生建议体重过高的人在爬山或徒步旅行时要谨慎，并指出徒步旅行会增加膝盖、心脏和血液系统的压力，增加摔倒或受伤的风险。已有谓语动词“are advising”，“note”与逻辑主语“doctors”之间是主动关系，即医生指出……，所以用现在分词noting作伴随状语。故填noting。
88．考查代词。句意：对于那些决心减肥但不确定自己是否选择了最适合他们的方法的人来说，全国医院的医疗团队可以提供解决方案。“suits”是动词，后接代词宾格形式作宾语，they的宾格是them。故填them。
89．考查名词。句意：医院利用医学知识、结构化管理和智能工具帮助患者克服挑战，避免因体重减轻而产生的副作用。“weight loss”是固定短语，意为“体重减轻”，这里用名词loss，作from的宾语。故填loss。
90．考查形容词。句意：这位专家解释说，临床监测可以检测出营养缺乏、贫血或不健康的肌肉流失而非脂肪流失等问题。根据语境及“instead of fat loss”可知，这里指不健康的肌肉流失，应用形容词unhealthy作定语，修饰名词“muscle loss”。故填unhealthy。
91．have shaped 92．a 93．Remarkably 94．detailed 95．when 96．arrival 97．were tailored 98．as 99．inspiring 100．opportunities
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以法国里昂的丝绸产业为核心，追溯其历史渊源、详述制作工艺，并展现丝绸对里昂的深远影响及当下发展前景，同时凸显中法因丝绸建立的千年贸易纽带。
91．考查动词时态。句意：几个世纪以来，代代相传的丝绸制作传统塑造了里昂的特色。shape“塑造”在句中作谓语。根据时间状语For centuries可知，此句强调动作从过去持续到现在，并对现在产生影响（即丝绸制作传统至今仍塑造着里昂的特色），用现在完成时，主语silk-making traditions是复数，助动词用have。故填have shaped。
92．考查冠词。句意：在这些作坊里，熟练的工人使用起源于中国的丝网印刷技术，一层一层地叠加颜色。此处泛指“一项起源于中国的技术”，作silk-screen printing的同位语，technique是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
93．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，制作一条围巾可能需要多达30种不同的颜色，每种颜色都需要自己的丝网和印刷步骤。此处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词remarkably“值得注意的是，令人惊讶的是”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Remarkably。
94．考查形容词。句意：这个精细的工序需要稳健的双手和敏锐的眼睛，确保每一件作品都独一无二，充满个性。此处修饰名词process，应用形容词detailed“细致的，精细的”，作定语。故填detailed。
95．考查定语从句。句意：里昂与丝绸的联系可以追溯到古代，当时这座城市成为中国丝绸进入欧洲的重要门户。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ancient times，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
96．考查名词。句意：丝绸的到来带来了重大的文化和经济变革，在中法两国之间建立了持久的联系。此处作主语，根据空前The以及空后of可知此空用名词arrival“到来”，不可数名词。故填arrival。
97．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：甚至里昂老城区的街道布局也是为了在运输过程中保护丝绸制品不受风吹雨淋而精心设计的，这表明丝绸在很多方面都对这座城市的发展产生了影响。设空处在句中作谓语，此处描述过去发生的事情，主语street designs和动词tailor“专门制作，根据特定需要制作”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语street designs是复数，be动词用were。故填were tailored。
98．考查介词。句意：如今，里昂仍被誉为丝绸生产、设计与文化交流的中心，激励着世界各地众多著名时装公司。be celebrated as是固定短语，意为“作为……而闻名/受到赞誉”。故填as。
99．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为is celebrated，此处为非谓语动词，主语Lyon与动词inspire之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填inspiring。
100．考查名词复数。句意：由于中国的“一带一路”倡议，新的贸易路线正在为里昂带来新的机遇。本空作bringing的宾语，opportunity“机遇”是可数名词，空前无限定词，结合“new trade routes are bringing fresh”可知，应用复数形式，表示不止一个机会。故填opportunities。
101．were used 102．the 103．giving 104．done 105．dynasties 106．at 107．who 108．or 109．better 110．actively
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国传统绘画的起源、特点、历史发展以及现代绘画的特色。
101．考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于最早的绘画和写作使用了相似的工具和线条，中国画被认为与书法有着相同的起源。主语“similar tools and lines”与动词use之间是被动关系（工具和线条被使用），且描述的是过去（古代）的情况，需用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were + 过去分词”；主语为复数。故填were used。
102．考查冠词。句意：由于最早的绘画和写作使用了相似的工具和线条，中国画被认为与书法有着相同的起源。根据句意和句子结构可知，same前通常加定冠词the，表示“相同的”。故填the。
103．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，中国画有一个突出的特点——绘画中运用了诗歌或书法，给人以美的享受。句子已有谓语动词has，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，此处表示一种自然而然的结果，上文陈述的内容与give之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填giving。
104．考查非谓语动词。句意：在汉、唐等朝代的墓葬中，可以看到许多壁画，即画在墙上的画或装饰画。句子已有谓语动词can be seen，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词paintings，动词do和名词paintings为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填done。
105．考查名词复数。句意：在汉、唐等朝代的墓葬中，可以看到许多壁画，即画在墙上的画或装饰画。dynasty“朝代”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且前面有other修饰，应用复数形式。故填dynasties。
106．考查介词。句意：顾恺之是晋代著名画家，擅长表现历史题材。此处考查固定短语be good at，意为“擅长”。故填at。
107．考查定语从句。句意：唐代画家李思训、李昭道父子用矿物颜料画山水。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Tang painters, Li Sixun and Li Zhaodao，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
108．考查固定搭配。句意：有的只画仕女图，有的只画动物，甚至只画一种动物。“只画动物”与“只画一种动物”是选择关系，需用并列连词or连接，表“或者”。故填or。
109．考查比较级。句意：因此，他们画得越多，画就越好。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型“the+比较级 ..., the+比较级 ...”，意为“越……，越……”，good的比较级是better。故填better。
110．考查副词。句意：中国画展览一直在积极举办。空处需填副词actively修饰动词 held作状语，表示“积极地”。故填actively。
111．why 112．themselves 113．to learn 114．length 115．while 116．of 117．traditional 118．using 119．has been translated 120．eventually
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们写诗的多种原因以及不同类型的诗歌。
111．考查定语从句。句意：人们写诗有各种各样的原因。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，从句中不缺少主要成分，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
112．考查反身代词。句意：诗人用许多不同形式的诗来表达自己。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，应用反身代词，“express oneself”意为“表达自己”，故填themselves。
113．考查不定式。句意：一些幼儿学英语的第一首诗是童谣，这可能没有意义，甚至看起来矛盾，但很容易学习和背诵。“be easy to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“做某事是容易的”。故填to learn。
114．考查名词。句意：最简单的一种诗歌是“清单诗”，它有灵活的行长和重复的短语。“line length”表示“诗行的长度”，作介词with的宾语，故填length。
115．考查连词。句意：有些押韵，有些不押韵。前后句为并列句，表示对比，应用连词“while”，表示“然而”。故填while。
116．考查固定短语。句意：业余爱好者很容易写的另一种简单的诗歌形式是五行诗，由五行诗组成。“be made up of”是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，符合句意，故填of。
117．考查形容词。句意：它不是英国诗歌的传统形式。设空处修饰名词form作定语，应用形容词traditional，故填traditional。
118．考查现在分词。句意：它可以给一个清晰的画面，用很少的文字创造一种特殊的感觉。空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故填using。
119．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多唐诗被译成了英语。空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past decades，应用现在完成时，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是A lot of Tang poetry，助动词用has，故填has been translated。
120．考查副词。句意：有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供选择，你可能最终想写自己的诗。设空处修饰动词want作状语，应用副词，故填eventually。
121．resistant 122．ripeness 123．is intended 124．equipped 125．to grasp 126．without 127．have provided 128．where 129．a 130．turning
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了埃塞克斯郡藏红花田葡萄园正在开展的一个旨在研发葡萄采摘机器人的项目。文章阐述了葡萄采摘难以自动化的原因，描述了机器人的设计特点、项目进展情况以及其对葡萄园采摘工作的潜在意义。
121．考查形容词。句意：然而，有一项任务似乎坚决抗拒交给机器人：采摘葡萄。此处作seem的表语，应用形容词形式，resist的形容词为resistant，意为“抗拒的”，be resistant to表示“对……抗拒”。故填resistant。
122．考查名词。句意：和所有浆果类水果一样，葡萄的成熟采摘期很短暂，而且如果被笨拙的金属手指采摘，很容易被压坏。a narrow window of 后接名词，ripe的名词形式为ripeness，意为“成熟”。故填ripeness。
123．考查动词语态。句意：如果这些水果是用来酿造优质葡萄酒的，情况就更糟了。be intended for表示“打算用于；为……而准备”，此处描述一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语the fruit为不可数名词，所以用is intended。故填is intended。
124．考查非谓语动词。句意：与Extend Robotics合作的工程师们正在制造一款葡萄采摘机器人，该机器人配备了由人工智能驱动的视觉传感器，用于判断水果何时成熟，还有能感知压力的手指，无需晃动水果就能从葡萄藤上抓取并剪下葡萄串。be equipped with表示“配备有”，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a grape-picking robot，所以用equipped。故填equipped。
125．考查非谓语动词。句意：与Extend Robotics合作的工程师们正在制造一款葡萄采摘机器人，该机器人配备了由人工智能驱动的视觉传感器，用于判断水果何时成熟，还有能感知压力的手指，无需晃动水果就能从葡萄藤上抓取并剪下葡萄串。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了抓取和剪下葡萄串”。故填to grasp。
126．考查介词。句意：与Extend Robotics合作的工程师们正在制造一款葡萄采摘机器人，该机器人配备了由人工智能驱动的视觉传感器，用于判断水果何时成熟，还有能感知压力的手指，无需晃动水果就能从葡萄藤上抓取并剪下葡萄串。根据语境，此处表示“无需”晃动水果，应用介词without。故填without。
127．考查动词时态。句意：藏红花田葡萄园的所有者已经提供了叶子、葡萄和果汁样本，用于训练人工智能系统，并承诺种植半块地的葡萄藤，这样机器人就可以自由运行。根据时间状语already可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语The owners为复数，助动词用have。故填have provided。
128．考查定语从句。句意：藏红花田葡萄园的所有者已经提供了叶子、葡萄和果汁样本，用于训练人工智能系统，并承诺种植半块地的葡萄藤，这样机器人就可以自由运行。此处为定语从句，先行词为half a field of vines，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
129．考查冠词。句意：收获季节短暂而紧张——在这为期十天的高强度活动中，一个典型的英国葡萄园的员工数量会增加五倍。此处表示泛指“一个典型的英国葡萄园”，typical是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
130．考查非谓语动词。句意：有了机器人，葡萄园经理保罗·哈里森设想，在当地工人下班后，雇佣澳大利亚的熟练工人通过远程接入VR控制系统来采摘葡萄，将葡萄采摘变成一项24小时的作业。imagine doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“设想做某事”，所以此处用turning。故填turning。
131．what 132．have discovered 133．importance 134．to support 135．made 136．helping 137．to 138．Later 139．eventually 140．an
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家发现的化石丰富了人类从鱼类进化而来的进化历程，这些化石展示了有颌鱼类的存在及其进化对人类起源的意义。
131．考查表语从句。句意：这是我们在生物课上学到的内容。空处引导表语从句，从句中learned缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
132．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国科学家已经发现了能够丰富人类从鱼类进化而来的进化历程的化石。根据时间状语so far可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为Chinese scientists，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填have discovered。
133．考查名词。句意：该研究的首席研究员朱敏表示，由于颌在动物进化中的重要性，这些发现引起了科学界的广泛关注。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填important的名词形式。故填importance。
134．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，由于缺乏足够的化石证据支持有颌脊椎动物生活在4.5亿年前，颌的起源一直是个谜。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词evidence，evidence后常接动词不定式作定语。故填to support。
135．考查非谓语动词。句意：朱敏团队的最新发现呈现了一组五块保存异常完好的鱼类化石，其中包括三条完整的鱼，这帮助科学家们绘制出更准确的颌起源进化图。presented为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词，findings和make之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式作定语。故填made。
136．考查非谓语动词。句意：朱敏团队的最新发现呈现了一组五块保存异常完好的鱼类化石，其中包括三条完整的鱼，这帮助科学家们绘制出更准确的颌起源进化图。分析句子结构，空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，The latest findings与help为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填helping。
137．考查介词。句意：这些鱼类化石是在重庆和贵州的两个地点发现的，其岩层可以追溯到约4.4亿年前开始的志留纪。date back to为固定短语，意为“追溯到”。故填to。
138．考查副词。句意：后来，更多样化、更大的有颌鱼类进化并开始在世界各地扩散，为一些鱼类最终登上陆地并进化成包括人类在内的其他动物铺平了道路。later on 为固定短语，意为“后来”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Later。
139．考查副词。句意：后来，更多样化、更大的有颌鱼类进化并开始在世界各地扩散，为一些鱼类最终登上陆地并进化成包括人类在内的其他动物铺平了道路。空处修饰动词短语go on，需用副词形式。故填eventually。
140．考查冠词。句意：这些化石为了解“鱼类的黎明”提供了一个机会，并帮助科学家将许多人体结构追溯到这些古老的鱼类，从而填补了鱼类进化为人类的进化史上的一些关键空白。opportunity为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且opportunity发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，符合语境。故填an。
141．have changed/have been changing 142．earlier 143．exposure/being exposed 144．an 145．to improve 146．which 147．growing 148．experienced 149．to 150．but
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英语考试写作任务中“李华”相关话题的变化及英语教育的发展。
141．考查动词时态。句意：几十年来，这些写作任务的主题发生了巨大变化，反映了英语教育的巨大进步。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“Over decades”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，且可能仍在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语the topics为复数，所以用have changed或have been changing。故填have changed/have been changing。
142．考查形容词比较级。句意：在接下来的几年里，英语教育开始得更早，也更有吸引力。结合语境以及下文的“became more engaging”可知，此处暗含与过去相比“更早”，用early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
143．考查名词或非谓语动词。句意：对于27岁的王梦琪这样的Z世代来说，接触英语甚至在小学之前就开始了。此处作主语，可用expose的名词形式exposure（不可数）；也可用非谓语动词作主语，此处描述的是经常性动作，且expose与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式being exposed，表示“被暴露于，接触”。故填exposure/being exposed。
144．考查冠词。句意：“我和同事鼓励学生在课堂上切换到全英文模式。”现任北京某高中英语教师的王老师说。mode为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一种全英文模式”，且English-only是以元音音素开头的短语，用不定冠词an。故填an。
145．考查非谓语动词。句意：她所在学校的学生可以经常使用多媒体工具练习英语，甚至使用人工智能设备来提高他们的英语水平。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用不定式作目的状语，意为“为了提高”，所以用to improve。故填to improve。
146．考查定语从句。句意：英语学习的另一个变化是写作主题，从帮助李华询问外国习俗转变为介绍中国文化。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the writing topics，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
147．考查形容词。句意：王认为，这与中国日益增长的文化自信密切相关。此处修饰名词cultural confidence，用grow的形容词形式growing，意为“日益增长的”。故填growing。
148．考查形容词。句意：作为一名经验丰富的英语教师，张志斌说：“英语不仅仅是一门学科，它是打开世界的钥匙。”此处修饰名词English teacher，用experience的形容词形式experienced，意为“经验丰富的”。故填experienced。
149．考查介词。句意：作为一名经验丰富的英语教师，张志斌说：“英语不仅仅是一门学科，它是打开世界的钥匙。”此处为固定搭配a key to…，意为“……的钥匙”，所以用介词to。故填to。
150．考查连词。句意：英语教育架起了中国与世界之间的桥梁——不仅为年轻人提供语言技能，还培养他们讲述中国故事、与世界连接的能力。此处为固定搭配not just...but...，意为“不仅……还……”，所以用but。故填but。
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