资源简介

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures
Section A How different are our cultures？知识点
一、单元词汇
单词 Section A1. v. 与某人握手，摇动 过去式： 过去分词： 2. n.＆v. 鞠躬3. n. 碰撞，撞击形成的肿块 v.碰，撞4. n. 拳头5. v. 摩擦，揉6. n. 吻 v. 亲吻7. n.脸颊8. v. ＆ n.拥抱9. adj.尴尬的10. adj.困惑的11. adj.正式的12. n.咖喱菜13. adj. 粗鲁的14. adj. 罕见的，不寻常的15. n. 手掌16. n . 叉子17. adj.印度的，印度人的 n.印度18. n. 方式 pl. 礼仪19. adj.令人疑惑的，难以理解的20. conj.除非，如果不21. adj. 恰当的22. n. 手肘 23. adj. 分菜用的 n.一份食物24. n. 筷子25. adj.使人难堪的26. adj.与文化有关的，文化的
短语 Section A1. 握手2. 碰拳头3. 碰鼻子4. 亲脸颊5. 餐桌礼仪6. 来自7. 开心，快乐8. 如此...以至于....9. 坐直10. 使不碰到，使避开11. 站立，站起来12. 公筷13. 给某人建议14. 脱掉，飞机起飞15. 准时16. 一碗米饭17. 邀请某人做某事18. 文化冲击19. 与.....不同20. 举例子，例如21. 下飞机22. 即使，尽管23. 很多，大量24. 个人空间25 习惯于26 对...感兴趣27 发现文化不同
二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲
Section A
【考点1】shake hands
【解析】
shake的用法：
（1）做动词，过去式：shook 过去分词：shaken 现在分词：shaking
①摇动，抖动，使颤动
The house shakes when a train goes past. 火车经过时，房子震动。
He shook his head in disbelief. 他摇摇头，不相信。
②颤抖，发抖，哆嗦
He was shaking with fear. 他吓的打哆嗦。
③使非常震惊
He was shaken by the news of her death. 听到她的死讯，他很震惊。
（2）做名词，摇动，颤动，哆嗦
He gave her a shake to wake her. 他推了推她，她他叫醒。
【考点2】bump fists
【解析】
1.bump的用法：
（1）做名词
①碰撞（声），撞击（声） 可数名词
He fell to the ground with a bump. 他砰的一声倒在地上。
②肿块，隆起，凸块，可数名词
The road is full of bumps. 这条路满是坑坑洼洼。
She has a bump on her head from the accident. 她因事故头上起了个包。
（2）做动词 碰撞 过去式：bumped
bump into 撞到，偶然遇见
In the dark I bumped into a chair. 黑暗中，我碰到了椅子。
I bumped into an old friend at the supermarket yesterday. 我昨天在超市偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
bump against 撞到
The car bumped against the kerb.汽车撞到了路缘。
【考点3】rub noses
【解析】
rub
作动词，过去式：rubbed 现在分词rubbing
擦，默，搓，涂抹（药膏等）
She rubbed her hands together to keep warm. 她搓手取暖。
作名词，擦，抹，揉，搓
He gave his knee a quick rub.他很快地揉了揉膝盖。
【考点4】hug
【解析】
作动词，拥抱 过去式：hugged 现在分词：hugging
She hugged her daughter tightly. 她紧紧地拥抱了她的女儿。
作名词，拥抱
He needed a hug after the bad news. 听到那个坏消息后，他需要一个拥抱。
give sb. a hug 给某人拥抱
【考点5】kiss cheeks
kiss
作名词，吻，轻触
a kiss on the cheek
作动词，过去式：kissed 亲吻
He kissed his wife goodbye. 他吻别了妻子。
【考点6】Is it common to greet others by....？
【解析】
common
（1）作形容词，比较级 more common 最高级：most common
①常见的，通常的，普遍的 反义词：uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的
"Smith" is a very common surname in England. “史密斯”在英格兰是一个很常见的姓氏。
common sense 常识
It's common sense to look both ways before crossing the street. 过马路前要左右看，这是常识。
②共有的，共享的，共同的
We have a common interest in classical music. 我们在古典音乐方面有共同的爱。
作名词，有共同之处，在...方面相同
常见搭配：
have sth in common (with sb./sth) （兴趣，想法等）相同，有相同特征和特点
Tim and I have nothing in common. Tim和我没有共同之处。
in common with sb./sth 与...相同
In common with many other companies, we offer flexible working hours. 和许多其他公司一样，我们提供弹性工作时间。
【考点7】But English table manners are so confusing that I am a little worried.
【解析】
manner
作名词
①方式，方法，指做事或某事发生的方式、方法。常用单数形式
常见结构：in a .... manner 以...的方式
He greeted everyone in a friendly manner. 他以友好的方式问候了每个人。
②举止，行为方式，指一个人待人的态度、行为举止和风度也常用单数形式。
His manner was polite but distant. 他的举止礼貌但疏远。
③礼貌，礼仪。指社会认可的良好行为规范，常用复数形式：manners。
Her children have very good table manners. 她的孩子们餐桌礼仪很好。
【考点8】Take off your shoes.
【解析】
take off
①（飞机，鸟等）起飞，飞起来
We are now taking off. Please fasten your seatbelts. 我们的飞机正在起飞，请系好安全带。
②（衣服，眼镜，鞋帽等）脱下，摘下
It's warm inside, so you can take off your coat. 里面很暖和，你可以把外套脱了。
③take sth. off 休...的假
I'm going to take a week off in July. 我七月份要休假一周。
Take two days off. 休两天假。
④扣除，去除
Take 10 dollars off the price. 价格降10美元。
【考点9】Sticking chopsticks into a bow of rice is very rude.
【解析】
stick
（1）作名词
①树枝，枝条 可数名词
We collected dry sticks to start a fire. 我们捡树枝生火。
②手杖，拐杖 可数名词
walking stick 手杖，拐杖
The old man walks with a stick. 老人拄着拐杖走路。
③棍状物，条状物
a glue stick 固体胶棒 carrot sticks 胡萝卜条
（2）作动词，过去式：stuck 过去分词：stuck
①刺入，插入，戳 指将尖锐物体刺入某物
常见搭配：~ sth in/into/through sth
Don't stick your fingers into the meat! 别用手戳肉！
②粘贴，粘住
The glue won't stick the pieces together. 这种胶水没法把这些碎片粘在一起。
③卡住，陷住，动不了
The key stuck in the lock. 钥匙卡在锁里了。
The bus was stuck in the mud. 公共汽车陷在泥里了。
常见搭配：
①stick out
伸出，突出Don't stick your head out of the car window. 不要把头伸出车窗外。
显眼，突出Her bright red hair made her stick out in the crowd. 她鲜红的头发使她在人群中很显眼。
②stick to sth/doing sth. 坚持某事，坚持作某事
Once you make a decision, you should stick to it. 一旦做了决定，你就应该坚持下去。
To lose weight, stick to eating healthy foods. 要减肥，就得坚持吃健康食品。
【考点10】People were standing on my left and right，even though there was plenty of space on the bus.
【解析】
1.even though 尽管，虽然
Even though it was raining, we went for a walk.
2.plenty of 大量的，充裕的，后加可数名词复数形式或不可数名词
Don't rush. We have plenty of time. 别急。我们有充足的时间。
The library has plenty of books on this topic. 图书馆有大量关于这个主题的书籍。
3.space
作名词，
①（可用的）空地，空间，不可数名词
The desk takes up too much space. 这桌子占了太大地方。
② 空隙，空当，空子，可数名词
I will clear a space for your book.我腾出一块地放你的书。
③外层空间，太空
space travel 太空旅行
the first woman in space 第一位进入太空的女性
④（数字，字母等）空格
Leave a space after the comma. 逗号后面要留一个空格。
作动词，使有间隔；隔开
You should space your words evenly when you write. 写字时，字与字之间要均匀间隔。
【考点11】But once I was used to it，I became more curious and in
learning about the culture there.
【解析】
1.be/get used to sth. /doing sth.习惯于
I am used to the cold weather now. （我现在习惯了寒冷的天气。）
It took him months to get used to living alone. （他花了几个月时间才习惯一个人住。）
2.be/get used to 与 used to的区别：
短 语 含 义 用 法 例 句
used to do 过去常常做某事（但现在不做了） to 后接动词原形 I used to smoke, but I quit last year.我过去常抽烟，但去年戒了。
be/get used to （变得）习惯于某事 to 是介词，后接名词/动名词 I am used to waking up early now. 我现在习惯早起了。
三 单元语法聚焦
一. so...that...，unless 和as soon as 的使用
1.so...that...的用法
（1）so...that.. 如此...以至于..., 引导结果状语从句，常见的句子结构如下：
结构类型 例句
主语 + be动词 + so + 形容词 + that + 从句 The problem is so simple that a child can solve it.
（这个问题太简单了，连小孩都能解决。）
主语 + 动词 + so + 副词 + that + 从句 He ran so quickly that he won the race easily.
（他跑得如此快，以至于轻松赢得了比赛。）
主语 + 动词 + so + many/few + 复数名词 + that + 从句 He made so few mistakes in the exam that he got the highest score.
（他考试中错误如此之少，以至于得了最高分。She made so many mistakes that she failed the test.
主语 + 动词 + so + much/little + 不可数名词 + that + 从句 She has so much homework that she has to stay up late.
（她有如此多的作业，以至于不得不熬夜。） She has so little time that she can’t visit her friends.（她的时间如此少，不能去看朋友。）
such...that... 意思是：如此...以至于...
so...that...与such...that...的用法区分：
结构 用法区别 例句对比
so...that... 后接 “形容词 / 副词” 或 “many/much/few/little + 名词” She is so clever that she solves the problem easily.There are so many students that the classroom is crowded.
such...that... 后接 “a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数” 或 “形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词” She is such a clever girl that she solves the problem easily.（a + 形容词 + 单数名词）They are such clever students that they pass the exam.（形容词 + 复数名词）- It is such delicious food that everyone likes it.（形容词 + 不可数名词）
unless的使用
引导条件状语从句，意思是：除非（except if），如果不（if...not）
使用时的注意事项：
（1)关于时态：
①主句用一般将来时 / 情态动词（can/will/may 等），从句用一般现在时（主将从现）；
You will fail the test unless you study hard.（你会考试不及格的，除非你努力学习。）
We can't start the meeting unless the manager arrives. (除非经理到了，否则我们不能开始会议。)
②主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时（主过从过）
She didn't leave unless her mother asked her to. (除非她妈妈要求，否则她不会离开）
(2)关于位置
可置于句首或句中，句首时主句前用逗号隔开
- Unless you hurry up, you’ll miss the bus.（除非你快点，否则会错过公交车。→ 句首用逗号）- I won’t help you unless you ask politely.（除非你礼貌请求，否则我不会帮你。→ 句中无逗号）
（3）与if..not的转换
You will be sick unless you stop eating.= You will be sick if you don't stop eating.
（你会生病的，除非你停止吃东西。/ 如果你不停止吃东西，你会生病的。）
Unless you have a license, you can't drive.= If you don't have a license, you can't drive.
（除非你有驾照，否则你不能开车。/ 如果你没有驾照，你就不能开车。
as soon as的使用:
引导时间状语从句：一......就......
关于时态搭配：
①主句用一般将来时/情态动词/祈使句，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）
As soon as he arrives, we will start the meeting.（他一到，我们就开会。→ arrives 是现在时，但指未来动作）
As soon as you finish, please send me the report.（你一完成就请把报告发给我。）
As soon as it stops raining，we can go out.
②主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时（主过从过）；
She called me as soon as she landed.（她一落地就给我打了电话。）
③主句用一般现在时（表习惯 / 真理），从句用一般现在时（主现从现）
My brother watches TV as soon as he gets home every day.（主现从现，表习惯）

二 分词形容词（Participial Adjectives），
1.此类词语是由动词的分词形式（现在分词 -ing / 过去分词 -ed） 转化而来的形容词。
专门用来描述 “事物的性质” 或 “人的感受”的形容词。
项目 构成方式 语义重点 修饰对象 初中高频例子
第一类（-ing型） 由动词现在分词（v.-ing）转化 表示 “令人…… 的”，强调事物本身具有的某种性质（能引发他人某种感受） 多修饰事物 / 事件（sth.） surprising（令人惊讶的）exciting（令人兴奋的）boring（令人无聊的）interesting（有趣的）relaxing（令人放松的）embarrassing令人尴尬的confusing令人困惑的
第二类（-ed 型） 由动词过去分词（v.-ed）转化 表示 “感到…… 的”，强调人受到事物影响后产生的感受 多修饰 人（sb.） surprised（感到惊讶的）excited（感到兴奋的）bored（感到无聊的）interested（感兴趣的）relaxed（感到放松的）embarrassed感到尴尬的confused感到困惑的
初中常考分词形容词核心记忆表（直接记！）
-ed 型（人感到……） -ing 型（事物令人……） 常见搭配（初中必背）
surprised（惊讶的） surprising（令人惊讶的） be surprised at/to do/that；a surprising result
excited（兴奋的） exciting（令人兴奋的） be excited about/at；an exciting trip
bored（无聊的） boring（令人无聊的） feel bored；be bored with；a boring class
interested（感兴趣的） interesting（有趣的） be interested in (doing)；an interesting book
relaxed（放松的） relaxing（令人放松的） feel relaxed；a relaxing song/activity
tired（疲惫的） tiring（令人疲惫的） be tired of/from；a tiring journey/work
amazed（惊叹的） amazing（令人惊叹的） be amazed at/to do；an amazing view/achievement
confused（困惑的） confusing（令人困惑的） be confused about；a confusing question/rule
disappointed（失望的） disappointing（令人失望的） be disappointed at/in；a disappointing result
worried（担心的） worrying（令人担心的） be worried about；a worrying problem/situation
frightened（害怕的） frightening（令人害怕的） be frightened of/to do；a frightening movie/storm
embarrassed（尴尬的） embarrassing（令人尴尬的） be embarrassed about；an embarrassing moment
satisfied（满意的） satisfying（令人满意的） be satisfied with；a satisfying answer/job
shocked（震惊的） shocking（令人震惊的） be shocked at/by；a shocking accident/news
upset（难过 / 心烦的） upsetting（令人难过的） be upset about；an upsetting story/news
pleased（高兴的） pleasing（令人高兴的） be pleased with/to do；a pleasing result/smile
thrilled（激动万分的） thrilling（令人激动的） be thrilled at/to do；a thrilling adventure/movie
annoyed（恼怒的） annoying（令人恼怒的） be annoyed with/at；an annoying noise/behavior
过关检测
一.单项选择
1. People in China _____ when they meet for the first time.
A. bow B. kiss cheeks C bump noses D. shake hands
2. The plane to Chengdu ____ just now. You have to wait until tomorrow.
A. took off B. took after C. took out D. took away
3.---How nice the music sounds!
---It does! Listening to soft music can make you _____.
A. relaxing B. to feel relaxed C. feel relaxed D. felt relaxed
4.She ______ walk to school every day, but now she ______ a bike to class because it’s faster.
A. used to; is used to ride B. used to; is used to riding
C. is used to; used to ride D. used to; used to riding
5. You will not pass the final exam ________ you study harder from now on.
A. unless B. if C. when D. because
6.He studied ______ hard ______ he passed the English exam with full mark
.A. such; that B. so; that C. too; to D. enough; to
7.---The accident teaches us to care for ourselves and the people around us.
---So it is. ______, life is the most important to everyone.
A. For example B. At last C. After all D. Such as
8.You should ______ your dreams and never give up, no matter how difficult it is.
A. stick to B. sticking to C. stick in D. stick out
9.---I can’t understand this math problem at all. It’s so ______!
---Me neither. I feel ______ because I’ve spent 30 minutes on it but got nothing
A. confusing; confused B. confused; confusing
C. confuse; confusion D. confusion; confuse
10.--- I’m going on a vacation to the seaside with my family.
---Wow, the beach is my favorite! ______and have a relaxing time!
A. Enjoy yourself B. It is awful C. My pleasure D. Give me a hug
二 单词填空
1.The ______（文化的）differences between societies can lead to misunderstandings.
2.We should use a p____ (正确的，恰当的）way to solve this math problem, or we'll waste a lot of time.
3. It is u________（罕见的，不寻常的） to see such a rare bird in the city; most of them live in deep forests.
4.It's necessary to learn good table ______ （礼仪）before attending the formal dinner party.
5.She ______ (拥抱) her mother tightly when she saw her after a long time.
6.People in China usually use ______ （筷子）to eat rice and noodles.
7.We need to wear ______ (正式的) clothes to the school opening ceremony
8.It’s p______ (有礼貌的) to say "thank you" and "please" when communicating with others
9.Many tourists love ______ (印度的) culture, especially the traditional festivals.
10.In Western restaurants, people often use a knife and a ______ (叉子) to eat main courses like steak or chicken.
三 .完形填空
When you are invited to a Western restaurant, there are some important rules you should1. .
First, you should arrive on time. Being late is considered 2 in Western countries.
3. ____you cannot arrive on time, you should call the restaurant or your host to explain.
When you sit down, place your napkin (餐巾) on your lap(大腿）. This is the best way to use a napkin in Western dining. Never use it to wipe your face 4. blow your nose
In Western restaurants, people use 5. ______ and forks to eat. The basic rule is: hold the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left hand. When you finish eating, place your knife and fork together on the plate.
During the meal, it's important to 6. _____ your mouth closed when you chew (咀嚼) food. Also, don't make any noise when you drink soup. If you want to get some food that is far away,
7. _____ ask others to pass it to you instead of reaching across the table.When you are at the table, don't put your elbows on the table. This is not considered good manners.
Finally, when you finish eating, you should thank the host 8. ______ the delicious meal. In many Western countries, it's 9. ______to leave a small tip (小费) for the waiter or waitress to show your thanks for their service.
Following these simple rules will help you 10. ______ like a polite guest in any Western dining situation.
A.refuse B.receive C.bump D. follow
A. impolite B. polite C. important D.formal
A. If B. Unless C.Because D. While
A.and B.or C.but D.so
A. chopsticks B. spoons C. plates D. knives
A. keep B. make C. find D. beat
A. ever B. always C. never D. sometimes
A. of B. for C. with D. about
A. common B.believable C.comfortable D. able
10.A. behave B. work C. eat D. talk
阅读理解
A
Dinner customs are different around the world. If you are a guest in Ghana (加纳),this information will help you a lot.
In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dining room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.
In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else. But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.
Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw(锯子) because it is very hard. You must chew fufu well, or you may get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only.
1.What must a guest do before eating in a Ghanaian home
A. Take off shoes
B. Wash hands in a bowl of water
C. Sit in the living room for an hour
D. Drink a cup of tea
2. If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, the host always takes you to ______.
A. the dining room first B. the living room first
C. the kitchen first D. the garden first
3.How do people in Ghana usually eat their meals
A. With knives and forks B. With spoons
C. With their fingers D. With chopsticks
4.What can we infer from the fact that people cut fufu with a saw
A. Fufu is very hard to cut.
B. People in Ghana don't have knives.
C. A saw is a common eating tool in Ghana.
D. Fufu is made from wood.
5.Which of the following is NOT polite in Ghanaian dinner customs
A. Eating fufu with the right hand
B. Getting food from one side of the dish
C. Washing hands after dinner
D. Getting food from the other side of the dish
B
When I was about twelve years old, a girl in my class liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点）. She said I was very thin; I wasn't good at math; I talked too much; I was too proud, and so on.
At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and then asked, “Are those things true or not Jane, didn't you ever think about what you're really like ” Then he added, “Well, you have that girl's opinions. Make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true.”
I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I found out that about half of the things were true. For some of them, I couldn't change, like being very thin, but for many I could ,and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a clear picture of myself.
I brought the list back to Daddy, and he said, “Now you know better about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears and feel hurt. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be of great help to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to the truth, and do what you know are the right things.”
Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice.
6. How old was Jane when a girl in her class pointed out her shortcomings
A. About 10. 　　　 B. About 12. 　　　 C. About 14. D.About 20
7.Why did the writer run to her father with tears in her eyes
Because she failed her math exam.
Because a classmate pointed out her shortcomings.
Because she was too thin and felt sad.
D. Because she had a fight with her classmate.
8.What was the father’s first advice to the writer
To argue with the girl bravely
To make a list of the girl’s words and mark the true points.
To ignore the girl’s opinions completely.
To tell the teacher about the girl’s behavior.
9. Which thing did Jane think she couldn't change
A. She was very thin.
B. She wasn't good at math.
C. She talked too much.
D.She was too proud.
10..How does the writer feel about her father’s advice
It was useless for her.
It was the best piece of advice she ever got.
It was too strict to follow.
D. It made her more angry with the girl.
参考答案
短语
1.shake hands2.bump fists3.rub noses4.kiss cheeks5.table manners6.be from7.enjoy oneself
8.so...that...9.sit up10.keep off111.stand up12.serving chopsticks13. give sb. some advice
14.take off15.on time16. a bowl of rice17.invite sb.to do sth.18.culture shock
19.be different from20.for example21.get off the plane22.even though
23.plenty of24.personal space25.be/get used to26.be interested in27.discover cultural differences
过关检测
一 单项选择
1-5DACBA 6-10 BCAAA
二 单词填空
1.cultural 2.proper 3.uncommon 4.manners 5.hugged 6.chopsticks 7.formal 8.polite 9.Indian
10.fork
三 完型填空
1-5 DAABD 6-10ABBAA
四 阅读理解
A 篇 1-5 BBCAD
B 篇 6-10 BBBAB

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