资源简介

(共87张PPT)
Period 5
Extended reading
Nature in the balance
Unit 1
内容索引
Part 1　课文深度理解
Part 2　语言知识梳理
Part 3　基础达标检测
作业4
课文深度理解
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure and the main idea of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the structure of the text by filling in the blanks.
pollution
costs
fresh
different
for
measures
benefits
quality
government
recycle
Ⅱ.Skim the passage to find out the main idea of the text.
The passage mainly tells us_______________________________________
_____________________________.
environmental protection is a long-term task that requires joint efforts
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can we learn from Mr Smith’s words
A.He never coughs due to the pollution.
B.He thinks Norgate has always been a polluted city.
C.He thinks it is heavy industry that has polluted Norgate.
D.He thinks Norgate used to be a city where the air wasn’t clean.
√
2.Which side is Mr Brown in favor of
A.The local residents. 　 B.The factories.
C.The government. 　 D.The community.
√
3.What can we infer from Archer’s opinion
A.Some factories have created jobs for local residents.
B.It is the government’s duty to protect the environment.
C.Everyone should do his best to protect the environment.
D.Their committee has made environmental policies for citizens to follow.
√
4.What can we infer from the text
A.Economy is the most important.
B.Environment and economy are separable.
C.All the people are not responsible for the environment.
D.We should not develop our economy at the cost of the environment.
√
5.What’s the main tone of this TV show
A.Critical. B.Objective.
C.Subjective. D.Indifferent.
√
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1.一位当地居民
2.变得完全不同
3.又脏又臭
4.烟灰色
5.摆脱
6.抗议
7.往往会
______________
_______________________
________________
_____________
___________
______________
___________
a local resident
become entirely different
dirty and smelly
a smoky grey
get rid of
protest against
tend to do
8.把……与……联系起来
9.渴望做某事
10.牟取暴利
11.指出
12.控制污染量
13.代表……讲话
14.对……深感担忧
15.采取各种措施
16.在生产过程中
________________
__________________
__________________
_________
_____________________________
__________
_________________________
______________________
________________________
connect ...with...
(be) eager to do sth
make huge profits
point out
control the amount of pollution
speak for
be deeply concerned about
take various measures
in the production process
17.增加生产成本
18.引起某人对……的关注
19.经济利益
20.寻找
21.在……方面起重要作用
22.在……和……之间实现平衡
23.制定政策供某人遵守
24.与……一起努力
____________________
_____________________
_________________
__________
___________________________
______________________________
___________________________
________________________
raise production costs
draw one’s attention to
economic benefits
search for
have a major role to play in...
achieve a balance between...and...
make policies for sb to observe
work hand in hand with...
25.以一种环境友好的方式
26.全社会通力协作
27.遵守黄金法则
28.让人们摆脱贫困
29.推动经济增长
30.同一场战斗
31.以……为目标
32.共同的未来
_______________________________
______________________
____________________
______________________
_________________________
_____________________
__________
_______________
in an environmentally friendly way
a community-wide effort
follow the golden rule
lift people out of poverty
advance economic growth
one and the same fight
aim for...
a shared future
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1.In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.(P11，Lines 19－21)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。其中that引导 从句；we produce是省略了关系代词 的定语从句，修饰先行词 。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
复合
pollution
宾语
that/which
不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
2.I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.(P11，Lines 21－22)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。I speak for all factory managers是 从句，省略了连接词 ，作think的 。when引导 从句。say后面是省略了 的 从句。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
复合
宾语
that
宾语
我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。
时间状语
that
宾语
3.We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.(P11－12，Lines 22－25)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。to reduce...process是动词不定式作 ；even though引导 从句。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
目的状语
我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括使用新技术，来减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
让步状语
4.We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.(P12，Lines 36－38)
[结构分析] 此句是 句。动词不定式to ensure...作 ；that引导 从句，作ensure的 。
[汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
复合
目的状语
我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。
宾语
宾语
返 回
语言知识梳理
想出，想到
1
come up with
[教材原句P6]All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
关于如何解决这些问题，他们都提出了创造性的想法。
come about发生，产生
come across偶遇；被理解；无意中发现
come out出版；开花；出现；结果是
come to共计，达到
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come up升起；被提出；发生；发芽；走近
when it comes to...当谈到……
注意：come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。
用come相关短语的正确形式填空
(1)It is said that the book about wildlife will next month.
(2)(应用文写作之建议信) English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you ___________
unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions in class，you should attempt to ______________answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“ ！”
come out
When it comes to
come across
come up
come up with
Come on
(公开)要求；需要
2
call for
[教材原句P6]Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.一些人要求应用现代科学技术，而其他人则要求改变生活方式。
call up使回忆起；给……打电话
call in叫来；召来；召回
call off取消；停止
call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召
call at拜访(某个地点)
用call相关短语的正确形式填空
(1)The sports meeting has been due to the bad weather.
(2)The problem is that studying those species a lot of patience.
(3)He the hospital after work to find out whether Mr King was better.
(4)I stared at these pictures on the wall，which memories of our class trip.
(5)The army was to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.
called off
calls for
called at
called up
called in
(6)(应用文写作之环境保护)地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们保护环境。
A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school， .
calling on/upon us to protect our environment
写作佳句
n.应用，运用；申请(apply v.应用，运用；申请；涂抹，敷 applicant n.申请人)
application
3
[教材原句P6]Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.一些人要求应用现代科学技术，而其他人则要求改变生活方式。
apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物
apply to do sth申请做某事
apply to适用于
apply sth to sth把某物应用/涂抹于……
apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词)
(1)He has applied to the school scholarship and his _____________
(apply) is under discussion.
(2)Since last year，he has been applying himself to (study) traditional Chinese medical science.
for
application
studying
(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)他往杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们清理残局，扔掉了烤焦的面包片。
He Jeff’s hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast.
applied some medicine to
写作佳句
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)得知画廊将在下个月举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。
Learning that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing .
to apply to become a volunteer
突然记起(或想到)
spring to mind
4
[教材原句P8]When you think of a fearsome hunter，images of lions and sharks may spring to mind.
当你想到可怕的猎人时，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会浮现在脑海中。
make up one’s mind下定决心
change one’s mind改变主意
bear/keep...in mind
bear/keep in mind that...
将……记在心中
fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于……
(1)诚实和可靠是人们在谈到这个人时就会想到的两个词。
Honesty and reliability are the two words that _______________
when people talk about the man.
(2)(读后续写之人物描写)一旦他下定决心做某件事，什么都不能够改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情，直到实现目标。
Once he to do something，nothing can .He will what he is doing until he accomplishes his goal.
spring to mind
写作佳句
has made up his mind
change his mind
fix his mind on/upon
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)首先，记住你目前的主要任务是增强你的体质。
First of all， at present your main task is to build up your body.
keep/bear in mind that
[教材原句P11]The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey；it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。
5
get rid of
摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
get through (设法)处理，完成；设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；通过；度过，熬过(困难时期)；用完
get away with(做坏事)不受惩罚；受到从轻发落
get down to开始认真处理/对待
get over克服
get along well with与……相处得好
(1)我想知道你能否给我一些关于如何与他人友好相处的实用建议。
I wonder if you can offer me some practical tips on___________
_____________________.
(2)(读后续写之升华句)一个微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A smile can help us and find friends in a world of strangers.
写作佳句
how to get
along well with others
(to) get through difficult situations
(3)(应用文写作之倡议书)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间，因此，我呼吁你们每个人都摆脱它。
In my opinion，it is a waste of time playing computer games and as a consequence，I .
(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)老师轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地对我说：“只要你认真对待你的写作，你就能克服写作过程中的困难。”
My teacher patted me on the shoulder and said gently，“Only if
the hardships in the process of writing.”
call on each of you to get rid of it
you get down to your writing will/can you get over
n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守(defend vt.保卫；保护)
defence (AmE defense)
6
[教材原句P11]In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
[人教版]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
(1)When a dog was approaching，I picked up a stick to defend (I).
(2)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in ________(defend).
myself
·in defence of保护……；为了保卫……；为……辩护
·defend...against/from...防御；保护……以免……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
defence
(3)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。
Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed _______________________
__________ like an arrow.
(4)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我和妻子用胡椒喷雾保护我们自己不受北极熊的攻击。
My wife and I used pepper spray _________________________
_____________________ by the polar bear.
to defend his son/in defence
写作佳句
to defend ourselves from/
of his son
against being attacked
n.结果，后果；重要性(consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因此；结果)
consequence
7
[外研版]In the course of this life，I have had a great many encounters with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of consequence.在生命历程中，我多次遇到过很多关心大事的人。
(1)My car broke down and (consequent) I was late and was blamed by the boss.
(2)I carelessly got the plan ruined，and (consequent)/___ consequence I had to apologize.
consequently
as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result结果；因此
as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于，因为
consequently
in
(3)昨天下雨了，因此高尔夫比赛被取消了。
①It rained yesterday，and ______________________________
________________________，the golf match was canceled.
②The golf match was canceled __________________________
__________________________the rain yesterday.
as a consequence/in consequence/
写作佳句
consequently/as a result
as a consequence of/in
consequence of/as a result of
返 回
基础达标检测
1.The results are different from the former research.
2.I got an opportunity for studies abroad，improving my knowledge greatly.
3.Our company didn’t make a on the project，and instead it lost a lot of money.
4.The building work will go ahead，despite (抗议) from local residents.
5.It’s a pity that farmland in this region has been completely (污染) by chemicals.
entirely
Ⅰ.单词拼写
further
profit
protests
poisoned
1.The topic he (提出) at the meeting caused a heated discussion.
2.More and more women have learned to use law (为了保卫……) their rights.
3.This disaster has had a significant impact on local business，_________
_________(使产生) a decrease in sales.
4. (摆脱) bad eating habits like eating too much food high in fat is an important way to keep healthy.
came up with
Ⅱ.短语填空
in defence/defense of
Getting rid of
giving
rise to
5.Plenty of habitats of wild animals were destroyed.__________________
_________________(因此)，most of them disappeared.
As a consequence/
In consequence
Three guests—James Smith,1. local resident；Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory；and Julie Archer，chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee—2. (invite) to the TV show News that Matters.The topic is pollution in Norgate.Norgate’s rapid development has had significant 3. (environment) costs.Mr Smith protests against heavy industry.4. Mr Smith’s point of view，after heavy industry moved in，things became 5. (entire) different.For health and safety reasons alone，heavy industry has to go. However，Mr Brown holds the idea differently.
a
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
are invited
environmental
From
entirely
He speaks in 6. (defend) of factories and factory managers.In his opinion，factories try to control the amount of pollution they produce and factory managers,7. are deeply concerned about the environment，have been taking various measures to reduce pollution in the production process，even though the measures raise the production costs.As far as Mrs Archer is concerned，their committee has a major role 8. (play) in maintaining air and water quality.Besides，they also work hand in hand with other 9. (branch) of government.However,10. (fight)
pollution has to be a community-wide effort，and everyone can help by following the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle.
defence
who
to play
branches
fighting
返 回
作业4
1.The company made a (strategy) decision to expand overseas.
2.It’s (absolute) stressful for me to make a speech standing on the stage.
3.With her money (steal)，she couldn’t afford to buy a train ticket to go home.
4.Excellent performances on the stage call confidence and unique professional skills.
5.We should take some specific measures to defend the soil from _______________(wash) away.
strategic
absolutely
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
stolen
for
being washed
1.我很荣幸被邀请参加明天在贵校举行的“中国文化日”活动。(it作形式主语)
the “Chinese Culture Day” to be held at your school tomorrow.
2.参加活动的有来自贵校的老师、同学和受邀的嘉宾。(完全倒装)
teachers，classmates from your school and invited guests.
Ⅱ.主题微写作
It is a great honor for me to be invited to take part in
Attending the activity are
3.由于爷爷突然生病住院了，我明天必须去那里照顾他。(with的复合结构)
，I have to go there and attend to him tomorrow.
4.再次对给您带来的不便表示歉意。(定语从句)
Once again，I am sorry for any inconvenience ______________________
___________.
With my grandpa suddenly falling ill and in hospital now
that has been brought
to you
5.我希望你们所有人都能玩得开心，对中国文化有更深的了解。(that引导宾语从句)
I do hope_______________________________________________________
___________________.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
that all of you can have fun and have a deeper understanding of Chinese culture
A
As cities balloon with growth，visits to zoos provide an increasingly important opportunity for contact with other species.Though zoos were originally created to help people learn about animals that they had never seen，zoos have a serious role as conservation organizations.Many zoos consider conservation education to be important，and hope to encourage positive attitudes toward animal conservation among their visitors.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物园建立的目的——让人们在动物园中学会关心动物。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Traditionally，zoos educate visitors by displaying information.Zoos often attach boring signs to exhibits，describing an animal’s habitat and lifestyle in the wild as well as whether or not the species is endangered.But recently，psychological research has shown that vivid emotional experiences not only attract more attention，they are also better remembered.The scary or funny animal exhibits at the zoo encourage people to pay more attention to information about the animals than they would pay to a written description.
The majority of zoo visitors come with family members or on school field trips.Social interactions are thus a key part of the zoo visit.And when people are looking at the animals，there seems to be a tendency to tell what they see to others.In my research at zoos，I found that almost nine out of ten visitors would share their observations of an animal by pointing it out to their companions，or simply by saying “look！”.Social interactions like these are opportunities to create and communicate shared values.Parents who stand in front of an animal exhibit and say “The mommy is looking after her baby.” or even “Look at that！” are giving their children a reason to care about the animal.
Zoos can create a culture of conservation.The best exhibits should be the ones that place animals in their natural habitats，where people care for their needs.In this way zoos can help to prevent the disappearance of wild animals from our sight and from our minds.
1.What was the original purpose of building the zoo
A.To feed the animals.
B.To meet people’s curiosity.
C.To save endangered animals.
D.To bring entertainment to kids.
细节理解题。根据第一段中“...zoos were originally created to help people learn about animals that they had never seen...”可知，建造动物园的最初目的是帮助人们了解之前从未见过的动物，即满足人们的好奇心。故选B。
解析
√
2.What is the author’s attitude towards the zoo’s traditional way of education
A.Negative. B.Positive.
C.Uninterested. D.Unclear.
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Traditionally，zoos educate visitors by displaying information.Zoos often attach boring signs to exhibits...”可知，作者对动物园的传统教育方式持消极态度。故选A。
解析
√
3.What do people tend to do when appreciating animals
A.They shout to animals.
B.They offer their food.
C.They take photos of animals.
D.They share what they see.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“And when people are looking at the animals，there seems to be a tendency to tell what they see to others.”可知，人们在欣赏动物时倾向于分享他们所看到的。故选D。
解析
√
4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A.Communicate with Nature in the Zoo
B.The Zoo Offers Protection to Animals
C.Learn to Care About Animals in the Zoo
D.The Zoo Attracts People to Visit Animals
标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据最后一段中“Zoos can create a culture of conservation.The best exhibits should be the ones that place animals in their natural habitats，where people care for their needs.”可知，文章主要说明了动物园建立的目的——让人们在动物园里学会关心动物。故选C。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
A single Antarctic krill(磷虾) is about the size of your finger.But with a population of more than 700 trillion in the Southern Ocean，the tiny animal’s impact across the entire planet is huge.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极磷虾在生态系统中的重要作用，以及它们目前面临的危险，包括海洋变暖、渔业发展以及塑料污染等，同时提及了研究人员对保护南极磷虾及未来研究的积极态度。
They’re food by the millions① for seals，penguins and whales.And they sequestrate(封存) huge amounts of carbon—more than $15 billion worth per year，according to a research team.Researchers found that Antarctic krill sequestrate similar amounts of carbon to coastal seagrass，which scientists consider one of the planet’s most productive② carbon sinks(碳汇).
Krill feed on phytoplankton，which，like land-based plants，consume(消耗) carbon dioxide and release oxygen as they photosynthesize(进行光合作用).When krill waste sinks to the bottom of the ocean，all that carbon goes with it，sequestering it and freeing up③ space at the oceanic surface for more carbon to be absorbed from the air.
Nowadays Antarctic krill face increasing danger from warming seas and a growing fishery.Scientists say that without international action to strengthen oceanic protected areas and combat climate change，krill populations—and the resulting carbon sequestration—could drop off sharply in the coming ten years.
Researchers also found that an increase in plastic pollution in the Southern Ocean could reduce krill’s ability to sequestrate carbon by 27 per cent.“You only have to look as far as our own country for the story of eagles(鹰) to show you how quickly something can go from being numerous to extinct，” they said.
“We’re still trying to understand exactly how climate change will affect Antarctic krill and our research is in its early stages.There are lots of other things we need to consider，”a researcher Sylvester says.“It’s just the start.But we believe we’ll make a breakthrough④ and our efforts will bear fruit.”
5.What is the primary role of Antarctic krill in the ecosystem
A.They’re a major food source for land animals.
B.They help lock away carbon and support ocean life.
C.They assist in absorbing the waste on the ocean floor.
D.They release oxygen and keep the temperature of ocean.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They’re food by the millions for seals，penguins and whales.And they sequestrate(封存) huge amounts of carbon”可知，南极磷虾是海豹、企鹅和鲸鱼数以百万计的食物来源，同时它们每年封存大量碳，由此可知，南极磷虾在生态系统中的主要作用是帮助封存碳并供养海洋生物。故选B。
解析
6.What does the underlined word “combat” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Adapt to. B.Give in to.
C.Fight against. D.Put up with.
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，科学家认为如果不采取国际行动加强海洋保护区建设和对抗气候变化，磷虾种群数量以及由此产生的碳封存能力可能会在未来十年内急剧下降，因此画线词“combat”与选项C“Fight against”意思相近。故选C。
解析
√
7.Why did the researchers list the example of eagles in paragraph 5
A.To make a comparison in numbers.
B.To show ways of avoiding species extinction.
C.To prove the strong survival ability of Antarctic krill.
D.To illustrate the necessity of protecting Antarctic krill.
推理判断题。根据第五段可知，研究人员提到鹰的数量从众多到灭绝的例子，是为了说明如果南极磷虾得不到保护，也会面临类似的危险，由此可知，研究人员在第五段中列举鹰的例子是为了说明保护南极磷虾的必要性。故选D。
解析
√
8.What’s Sylvester’ attitude toward the research
A.Positive. B.Critical.
C.Uncaring. D.Doubtful.
√
观点态度题。根据最后一段中“But we believe we’ll make a breakthrough and our efforts will bear fruit.”可知，Sylvester认为他们会取得突破，他们的努力会取得成果，由此可知，Sylvester对研究持积极态度。故选A。
解析
①by the millions _____________
②productive(派)＝produc(e)＋tive adj.___________
③free up ______________________
④make a breakthrough _________
语境猜词
数以百万计
富有成效的
释放，腾出(空间或时间)
取得突破
When krill waste sinks to the bottom of the ocean，all that carbon goes with it，sequestering it and freeing up space at the oceanic surface for more carbon to be absorbed from the air.
分析：此句为 句。when引导时间状语从句；“sequestering it and freeing up space at the oceanic surface”为现在分词短语作 状语。
翻译：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
句式分析
复合
结果
当磷虾排泄物沉入海底时，其中所含的碳也随之全部沉入海底，这既实现了碳封存，又为海洋表层腾出空间，使其能够从空气中吸收更多的碳。
Culture and tradition are the soul of a country.When a country 1 them，
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过参加庆祝春节的书法活动，领略到中国文化的博大精深，开始更加欣赏中国文化。
Ⅳ.完形填空
1.A.defines B.exchanges
C.loses D.spots
√
define给……下定义；exchange交换；lose失去；spot看到，注意到。根据下文“ it is difficult for it to...”可知，当一个国家失去文化和传统的时候，这个国家会很难进步，故选C。
解析
it is difficult for it to make 2 .Chinese culture can be seen everywhere in China.However，I did not really 3 it in the beginning.Then I realized I had to 4 something in order to understand it.
2.A.sense B.trouble
C.peace D.progress
3.A.understand B.appreciate
C.seize D.demonstrate
4.A.experience B.ensure
C.give D.announce
√
√
√
2.sense意义；trouble麻烦；peace和平；progress进步。由上文“When a country them，it is difficult for it to make”可知，如果一个国家失去文化和传统，这个国家就很难进步。make progress是固定搭配，意为“取得进步”。故选D。
3.understand理解；appreciate欣赏；seize抓住；demonstrate表明。根据下文“in order to understand it”可知，起初作者并不真正理解中国的文化，故选A。
4.experience体会，经历；ensure确保；give给；announce宣布。根据下文可知，作者参加了庆祝春节的书法活动，了解了书法的精髓。所以此处指作者意识到自己必须经历一些事，才能理解中国的文化。故选A。
解析
Last winter I decided to stay at our university to 5 all the activities organized for foreign students to celebrate the Spring Festival.
5.A.bring about B.set off
C.participate in D.figure out
√
bring about引起，导致；set off启程，出发；participate in参加；figure out弄明白。根据下文“I tried to hold the brush”可知，作者参加了为外国学生组织的庆祝春节的书法活动。故选C。
解析
The 6 began a month ago with decorating our rooms with Spring Festival couplets(对联) and New Year paintings.On February 10，we 7 an activity to write Spring Festival couplets.When I saw the brush，I became 8 .Why is there such a pen How do we use it
6.A.performances B.preparations
C.traditions D.practices
7.A.organized B.discovered
C.celebrated D.reported
8.A.confident B.patient
C.proud D.curious
√
√
√
6.performance表演；preparation准备；tradition传统；practice练习。根据下文“with decorating our rooms with Spring Festival couplets(对联) and New Year paintings”可知，用春联和年画进行装饰，所以此处指准备活动。故选B。
7.organize组织；discover发现；celebrate庆祝；report报告。根据下文“an activity to write Spring Festival couplets”可知，此处指组织了一个写春联的活动。故选A。
8.confident自信的；patient耐心的；proud骄傲的；curious好奇的。根据下文“Why is there such a pen How do we use it？”可知，作者看到毛笔的时候，是感到好奇的。故选D。
解析
After understanding the tools，we started our creative 9 .I tried to hold the brush and start writing 10 ，but the tip of the pen was too 11 and I couldn’t grasp it at all.
9.A.plan B.imagination
C.journey D.invention
10.A.formally B.carefully
C.neatly D.skillfully
11.A.heavy B.soft
C.tight D.small
√
√
√
9.plan计划；imagination想象力；journey旅程；invention发明。根据下文“I tried to hold the brush and start writing”可知，作者开始了创作之旅，故选C。
10.formally正式地；carefully小心翼翼地；neatly整洁地；skillfully熟练地。根据下文“I couldn’t grasp it at all”可知，作者努力握住毛笔，小心翼翼地写对联。故选B。
11.heavy重的；soft软的；tight紧的；small小的。结合常识可知，书写对联的毛笔的笔尖是软的，故选B。
解析
I was 12 ，but I didn’t give up.After several 13 ，I wrote a line of words.At this time，I found that my sleeves were dirtied with ink as I was too 14 practicing.Even so，I was very happy，because I felt that I had learned the essence(精髓) of writing calligraphy.
12.A.disappointed B.moved
C.puzzled D.delighted
13.A.demands B.comparison
C.warnings D.attempts
14.A.worrying about B.concentrating on
C.making out D.adapting to
√
√
√
12.disappointed失望的；moved感动的；puzzled困惑的；delighted高兴的。根据上文“I couldn’t grasp it at all”可知，作者抓不住笔，应该是感到失望的。故选A。
13.demand要求；comparison比较；warning警告；attempt尝试。根据上文“I didn’t give up”可知，作者没有放弃，所以在经过几次尝试后，写了一行字。故选D。
14.worry about担心；concentrate on集中注意力于；make out理解，弄清楚；adapt to适应。根据语境可知，作者太专心写字，以至于后来才发现墨水弄脏了袖子，故选B。
解析
Through this activity，I came to 15 the amazing Chinese culture more.
15.A.spread B.confirm
C.appreciate D.protect
√
spread传播；confirm确认；appreciate欣赏，重视；protect保护。结合上文可知，作者最初对中国文化并没有真正理解，通过此次活动，作者体会到了中国书法的精髓，所以此处指作者更加欣赏中国文化了。故选C。
解析
返 回
本课结束Period 5　Extended reading
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure and the main idea of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the structure of the text by filling in the blanks.
Ⅱ.Skim the passage to find out the main idea of the text.
The passage mainly tells us environmental protection is a long-term task that requires joint efforts.
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What can we learn from Mr Smith’s words
A．He never coughs due to the pollution.
B．He thinks Norgate has always been a polluted city.
C．He thinks it is heavy industry that has polluted Norgate.
D．He thinks Norgate used to be a city where the air wasn’t clean.
答案　C
2．Which side is Mr Brown in favor of
A．The local residents. 　 B．The factories.
C．The government. 　 D．The community.
答案　B
3．What can we infer from Archer’s opinion
A．Some factories have created jobs for local residents.
B．It is the government’s duty to protect the environment.
C．Everyone should do his best to protect the environment.
D．Their committee has made environmental policies for citizens to follow.
答案　C
4．What can we infer from the text
A．Economy is the most important.
B．Environment and economy are separable.
C．All the people are not responsible for the environment.
D．We should not develop our economy at the cost of the environment.
答案　D
5．What’s the main tone of this TV show
A．Critical. B．Objective.
C．Subjective. D．Indifferent.
答案　B
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1．一位当地居民a local resident
2．变得完全不同become entirely different
3．又脏又臭dirty and smelly
4．烟灰色a smoky grey
5．摆脱get rid of
6．抗议protest against
7．往往会tend to do
8．把……与……联系起来connect ...with...
9．渴望做某事(be) eager to do sth
10．牟取暴利make huge profits
11．指出point out
12．控制污染量control the amount of pollution
13．代表……讲话speak for
14．对……深感担忧be deeply concerned about
15．采取各种措施take various measures
16．在生产过程中in the production process
17．增加生产成本raise production costs
18．引起某人对……的关注draw one’s attention to
19．经济利益economic benefits
20．寻找search for
21．在……方面起重要作用have a major role to play in...
22．在……和……之间实现平衡achieve a balance between...and...
23．制定政策供某人遵守 make policies for sb to observe
24．与……一起努力work hand in hand with...
25．以一种环境友好的方式in an environmentally friendly way
26．全社会通力协作a community-wide effort
27．遵守黄金法则follow the golden rule
28．让人们摆脱贫困lift people out of poverty
29．推动经济增长advance economic growth
30．同一场战斗one and the same fight
31．以……为目标aim for...
32．共同的未来a shared future
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1．In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.(P11，Lines 19－21)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。其中that引导宾语从句；we produce是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词pollution。
[汉语翻译] 不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
2．I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.(P11，Lines 21－22)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。I speak for all factory managers是宾语从句，省略了连接词that，作think的宾语。when引导时间状语从句。say后面是省略了that的宾语从句。
[汉语翻译] 我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。
3．We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.(P11－12，Lines 22－25)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。to reduce...process是动词不定式作目的状语；even though引导让步状语从句。
[汉语翻译] 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括使用新技术，来减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
4．We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.(P12，Lines 36－38)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句。动词不定式to ensure...作目的状语；that引导宾语从句，作ensure的宾语。
[汉语翻译] 我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。
come up with想出，想到
[教材原句P6]All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
关于如何解决这些问题，他们都提出了创造性的想法。
come about发生，产生 come across偶遇；被理解；无意中发现 come out出版；开花；出现；结果是 come to共计，达到 come on加油；到来；得了吧 come up升起；被提出；发生；发芽；走近 when it comes to...当谈到…… 注意：come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。
用come相关短语的正确形式填空
(1)It is said that the book about wildlife will come out next month.
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should attempt to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！”
call for (公开)要求；需要
[教材原句P6]Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.一些人要求应用现代科学技术，而其他人则要求改变生活方式。
call up使回忆起；给……打电话 call in叫来；召来；召回 call off取消；停止 call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召 call at拜访(某个地点)
用call相关短语的正确形式填空
(1)The sports meeting has been called off due to the bad weather.
(2)The problem is that studying those species calls for a lot of patience.
(3)He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr King was better.
(4)I stared at these pictures on the wall，which called up memories of our class trip.
(5)The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.
[写作佳句]
(6)(应用文写作之环境保护)地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们保护环境。
A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling on/upon us to protect our environment.
application n．应用，运用；申请(apply v．应用，运用；申请；涂抹，敷 applicant n．申请人)
[教材原句P6]Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.一些人要求应用现代科学技术，而其他人则要求改变生活方式。
apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物 apply to do sth申请做某事 apply to适用于 apply sth to sth把某物应用/涂抹于…… apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词)
(1)He has applied to the school for scholarship and his application(apply) is under discussion.
(2)Since last year，he has been applying himself to studying(study) traditional Chinese medical science.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)他往杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们清理残局，扔掉了烤焦的面包片。
He applied some medicine to Jeff’s hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast.
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)得知画廊将在下个月举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。
Learning that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.
spring to mind突然记起(或想到)
[教材原句P8]When you think of a fearsome hunter，images of lions and sharks may spring to mind.
当你想到可怕的猎人时，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会浮现在脑海中。
make up one’s mind下定决心
change one’s mind改变主意
将……记在心中
fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于……
[写作佳句]
(1)诚实和可靠是人们在谈到这个人时就会想到的两个词。
Honesty and reliability are the two words that spring to mind when people talk about the man.
(2)(读后续写之人物描写)一旦他下定决心做某件事，什么都不能够改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情，直到实现目标。
Once he has made up his mind to do something，nothing can change his mind.He will fix his mind on/upon what he is doing until he accomplishes his goal.
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)首先，记住你目前的主要任务是增强你的体质。
First of all，keep/bear in mind that at present your main task is to build up your body.
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
[教材原句P11]The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey；it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。
get through (设法)处理，完成；设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；通过；度过，熬过(困难时期)；用完 get away with(做坏事)不受惩罚；受到从轻发落 get down to开始认真处理/对待 get over克服 get along well with与……相处得好
[写作佳句]
(1)我想知道你能否给我一些关于如何与他人友好相处的实用建议。
I wonder if you can offer me some practical tips on how to get along well with others.
(2)(读后续写之升华句)一个微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A smile can help us (to) get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
(3)(应用文写作之倡议书)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间，因此，我呼吁你们每个人都摆脱它。
In my opinion，it is a waste of time playing computer games and as a consequence，I call on each of you to get rid of it.
(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)老师轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地对我说：“只要你认真对待你的写作，你就能克服写作过程中的困难。”
My teacher patted me on the shoulder and said gently，“Only if you get down to your writing will/can you get over the hardships in the process of writing.”
defence (AmE defense) n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守(defend vt.保卫；保护)
[教材原句P11]In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
[人教版]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
·in defence of保护……；为了保卫……；为……辩护 ·defend...against/from...防御；保护……以免…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
(1)When a dog was approaching，I picked up a stick to defend myself(I)．
(2)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence(defend)．
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。
Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son/in defence of his son like an arrow.
(4)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我和妻子用胡椒喷雾保护我们自己不受北极熊的攻击。
My wife and I used pepper spray to defend ourselves from/against being attacked by the polar bear.
consequence n．结果，后果；重要性(consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因此；结果)
[外研版]In the course of this life，I have had a great many encounters with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of consequence.在生命历程中，我多次遇到过很多关心大事的人。
as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于，因为
(1)My car broke down and consequently(consequent) I was late and was blamed by the boss.
(2)I carelessly got the plan ruined，and consequently(consequent)/in consequence I had to apologize.
[写作佳句]
(3)昨天下雨了，因此高尔夫比赛被取消了。
①It rained yesterday，and as a consequence/in consequence/consequently/as a result，the golf match was canceled.
②The golf match was canceled as a consequence of/in consequence of/as a result of the rain yesterday.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The results are entirely different from the former research.
2．I got an opportunity for further studies abroad，improving my knowledge greatly.
3．Our company didn’t make a profit on the project，and instead it lost a lot of money.
4．The building work will go ahead，despite protests(抗议) from local residents.
5．It’s a pity that farmland in this region has been completely poisoned(污染) by chemicals.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．The topic he came up with(提出) at the meeting caused a heated discussion.
2．More and more women have learned to use law in defence/defense of(为了保卫……) their rights.
3．This disaster has had a significant impact on local business，giving rise to(使产生) a decrease in sales.
4．Getting rid of(摆脱) bad eating habits like eating too much food high in fat is an important way to keep healthy.
5．Plenty of habitats of wild animals were destroyed.As a consequence/In consequence(因此)，most of them disappeared.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Three guests—James Smith,1.a local resident；Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory；and Julie Archer，chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee—2.are invited(invite) to the TV show News that Matters.The topic is pollution in Norgate.Norgate’s rapid development has had significant 3.environmental(environment) costs.Mr Smith protests against heavy industry.4.From Mr Smith’s point of view，after heavy industry moved in，things became 5.entirely(entire) different.For health and safety reasons alone，heavy industry has to go.However，Mr Brown holds the idea differently.He speaks in 6.defence(defend) of factories and factory managers.In his opinion，factories try to control the amount of pollution they produce and factory managers,7.who are deeply concerned about the environment，have been taking various measures to reduce pollution in the production process，even though the measures raise the production costs.As far as Mrs Archer is concerned，their committee has a major role 8.to play(play) in maintaining air and water quality.Besides，they also work hand in hand with other 9.branches(branch) of government.However,10.fighting(fight) pollution has to be a community-wide effort，and everyone can help by following the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle.
作业4　Extended reading
[分值57.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．The company made a strategic(strategy) decision to expand overseas.
2．It’s absolutely(absolute) stressful for me to make a speech standing on the stage.
3．With her money stolen(steal)，she couldn’t afford to buy a train ticket to go home.
4．Excellent performances on the stage call for confidence and unique professional skills.
5．We should take some specific measures to defend the soil from being washed(wash) away.
Ⅱ.主题微写作(满分15分)
1．我很荣幸被邀请参加明天在贵校举行的“中国文化日”活动。(it作形式主语)
It is a great honor for me to be invited to take part in the “Chinese Culture Day” to be held at your school tomorrow.
2．参加活动的有来自贵校的老师、同学和受邀的嘉宾。(完全倒装)
Attending the activity are teachers，classmates from your school and invited guests.
3．由于爷爷突然生病住院了，我明天必须去那里照顾他。(with的复合结构)
With my grandpa suddenly falling ill and in hospital now，I have to go there and attend to him tomorrow.
4．再次对给您带来的不便表示歉意。(定语从句)
Once again，I am sorry for any inconvenience that has been brought to you.
5．我希望你们所有人都能玩得开心，对中国文化有更深的了解。(that引导宾语从句)
I do hope that all of you can have fun and have a deeper understanding of Chinese culture.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
As cities balloon with growth，visits to zoos provide an increasingly important opportunity for contact with other species.Though zoos were originally created to help people learn about animals that they had never seen，zoos have a serious role as conservation organizations.Many zoos consider conservation education to be important，and hope to encourage positive attitudes toward animal conservation among their visitors.
Traditionally，zoos educate visitors by displaying information.Zoos often attach boring signs to exhibits，describing an animal’s habitat and lifestyle in the wild as well as whether or not the species is endangered.But recently，psychological research has shown that vivid emotional experiences not only attract more attention，they are also better remembered.The scary or funny animal exhibits at the zoo encourage people to pay more attention to information about the animals than they would pay to a written description.
The majority of zoo visitors come with family members or on school field trips.Social interactions are thus a key part of the zoo visit.And when people are looking at the animals，there seems to be a tendency to tell what they see to others.In my research at zoos，I found that almost nine out of ten visitors would share their observations of an animal by pointing it out to their companions，or simply by saying “look！”．Social interactions like these are opportunities to create and communicate shared values.Parents who stand in front of an animal exhibit and say “The mommy is looking after her baby.” or even “Look at that！” are giving their children a reason to care about the animal.
Zoos can create a culture of conservation.The best exhibits should be the ones that place animals in their natural habitats，where people care for their needs.In this way zoos can help to prevent the disappearance of wild animals from our sight and from our minds.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物园建立的目的——让人们在动物园中学会关心动物。
1．What was the original purpose of building the zoo
A．To feed the animals.
B．To meet people’s curiosity.
C．To save endangered animals.
D．To bring entertainment to kids.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“...zoos were originally created to help people learn about animals that they had never seen...”可知，建造动物园的最初目的是帮助人们了解之前从未见过的动物，即满足人们的好奇心。故选B。
2．What is the author’s attitude towards the zoo’s traditional way of education
A．Negative. B．Positive.
C．Uninterested. D．Unclear.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Traditionally，zoos educate visitors by displaying information.Zoos often attach boring signs to exhibits...”可知，作者对动物园的传统教育方式持消极态度。故选A。
3．What do people tend to do when appreciating animals
A．They shout to animals.
B．They offer their food.
C．They take photos of animals.
D．They share what they see.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“And when people are looking at the animals，there seems to be a tendency to tell what they see to others.”可知，人们在欣赏动物时倾向于分享他们所看到的。故选D。
4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Communicate with Nature in the Zoo
B．The Zoo Offers Protection to Animals
C．Learn to Care About Animals in the Zoo
D．The Zoo Attracts People to Visit Animals
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据最后一段中“Zoos can create a culture of conservation.The best exhibits should be the ones that place animals in their natural habitats，where people care for their needs.”可知，文章主要说明了动物园建立的目的——让人们在动物园里学会关心动物。故选C。
B(此篇精读)
A single Antarctic krill(磷虾) is about the size of your finger.But with a population of more than 700 trillion in the Southern Ocean，the tiny animal’s impact across the entire planet is huge.
They’re food by the millions① for seals，penguins and whales.And they sequestrate(封存) huge amounts of carbon—more than $15 billion worth per year，according to a research team.Researchers found that Antarctic krill sequestrate similar amounts of carbon to coastal seagrass，which scientists consider one of the planet’s most productive② carbon sinks(碳汇)．
Krill feed on phytoplankton，which，like land-based plants，consume(消耗) carbon dioxide and release oxygen as they photosynthesize(进行光合作用)．When krill waste sinks to the bottom of the ocean，all that carbon goes with it，sequestering it and freeing up③ space at the oceanic surface for more carbon to be absorbed from the air.
Nowadays Antarctic krill face increasing danger from warming seas and a growing fishery.Scientists say that without international action to strengthen oceanic protected areas and combat climate change，krill populations—and the resulting carbon sequestration—could drop off sharply in the coming ten years.
Researchers also found that an increase in plastic pollution in the Southern Ocean could reduce krill’s ability to sequestrate carbon by 27 per cent.“You only have to look as far as our own country for the story of eagles(鹰) to show you how quickly something can go from being numerous to extinct，” they said.
“We’re still trying to understand exactly how climate change will affect Antarctic krill and our research is in its early stages.There are lots of other things we need to consider，”a researcher Sylvester says.“It’s just the start.But we believe we’ll make a breakthrough④ and our efforts will bear fruit.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极磷虾在生态系统中的重要作用，以及它们目前面临的危险，包括海洋变暖、渔业发展以及塑料污染等，同时提及了研究人员对保护南极磷虾及未来研究的积极态度。
5．What is the primary role of Antarctic krill in the ecosystem
A．They’re a major food source for land animals.
B．They help lock away carbon and support ocean life.
C．They assist in absorbing the waste on the ocean floor.
D．They release oxygen and keep the temperature of ocean.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“They’re food by the millions for seals，penguins and whales.And they sequestrate(封存) huge amounts of carbon”可知，南极磷虾是海豹、企鹅和鲸鱼数以百万计的食物来源，同时它们每年封存大量碳，由此可知，南极磷虾在生态系统中的主要作用是帮助封存碳并供养海洋生物。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “combat” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Adapt to. B．Give in to.
C．Fight against. D．Put up with.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，科学家认为如果不采取国际行动加强海洋保护区建设和对抗气候变化，磷虾种群数量以及由此产生的碳封存能力可能会在未来十年内急剧下降，因此画线词“combat”与选项C“Fight against”意思相近。故选C。
7．Why did the researchers list the example of eagles in paragraph 5
A．To make a comparison in numbers.
B．To show ways of avoiding species extinction.
C．To prove the strong survival ability of Antarctic krill.
D．To illustrate the necessity of protecting Antarctic krill.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，研究人员提到鹰的数量从众多到灭绝的例子，是为了说明如果南极磷虾得不到保护，也会面临类似的危险，由此可知，研究人员在第五段中列举鹰的例子是为了说明保护南极磷虾的必要性。故选D。
8．What’s Sylvester’ attitude toward the research
A．Positive. B．Critical.
C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“But we believe we’ll make a breakthrough and our efforts will bear fruit.”可知，Sylvester认为他们会取得突破，他们的努力会取得成果，由此可知，Sylvester对研究持积极态度。故选A。
[语境猜词]
①by the millions数以百万计
②productive(派)＝produc(e)＋tive adj.富有成效的
③free up释放，腾出(空间或时间)
④make a breakthrough取得突破
[句式分析]
When krill waste sinks to the bottom of the ocean，all that carbon goes with it，sequestering it and freeing up space at the oceanic surface for more carbon to be absorbed from the air.
分析：此句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句；“sequestering it and freeing up space at the oceanic surface”为现在分词短语作结果状语。
翻译：当磷虾排泄物沉入海底时，其中所含的碳也随之全部沉入海底，这既实现了碳封存，又为海洋表层腾出空间，使其能够从空气中吸收更多的碳。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Culture and tradition are the soul of a country.When a country 1 them，it is difficult for it to make 2 .Chinese culture can be seen everywhere in China.However，I did not really 3 it in the beginning.Then I realized I had to 4 something in order to understand it.
Last winter I decided to stay at our university to 5 all the activities organized for foreign students to celebrate the Spring Festival.
The 6 began a month ago with decorating our rooms with Spring Festival couplets(对联) and New Year paintings.On February 10，we 7 an activity to write Spring Festival couplets.When I saw the brush，I became 8 .Why is there such a pen How do we use it
After understanding the tools，we started our creative 9 .I tried to hold the brush and start writing 10 ，but the tip of the pen was too 11 and I couldn’t grasp it at all.I was 12 ，but I didn’t give up.After several 13 ，I wrote a line of words.At this time，I found that my sleeves were dirtied with ink as I was too 14 practicing.Even so，I was very happy，because I felt that I had learned the essence(精髓) of writing calligraphy.
Through this activity，I came to 15 the amazing Chinese culture more.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过参加庆祝春节的书法活动，领略到中国文化的博大精深，开始更加欣赏中国文化。
1．A.defines B．exchanges
C．loses D．spots
答案　C
解析　define给……下定义；exchange交换；lose失去；spot看到，注意到。根据下文“ it is difficult for it to...”可知，当一个国家失去文化和传统的时候，这个国家会很难进步，故选C。
2．A.sense B．trouble
C．peace D．progress
答案　D
解析　sense意义；trouble麻烦；peace和平；progress进步。由上文“When a country them，it is difficult for it to make”可知，如果一个国家失去文化和传统，这个国家就很难进步。make progress是固定搭配，意为“取得进步”。故选D。
3．A.understand B．appreciate
C．seize D．demonstrate
答案　A
解析　understand理解；appreciate欣赏；seize抓住；demonstrate表明。根据下文“in order to understand it”可知，起初作者并不真正理解中国的文化，故选A。
4．A.experience B．ensure
C．give D．announce
答案　A
解析　experience体会，经历；ensure确保；give给；announce宣布。根据下文可知，作者参加了庆祝春节的书法活动，了解了书法的精髓。所以此处指作者意识到自己必须经历一些事，才能理解中国的文化。故选A。
5．A.bring about B．set off
C．participate in D．figure out
答案　C
解析　bring about引起，导致；set off启程，出发；participate in参加；figure out弄明白。根据下文“I tried to hold the brush”可知，作者参加了为外国学生组织的庆祝春节的书法活动。故选C。
6．A.performances B．preparations
C．traditions D．practices
答案　B
解析　performance表演；preparation准备；tradition传统；practice练习。根据下文“with decorating our rooms with Spring Festival couplets(对联) and New Year paintings”可知，用春联和年画进行装饰，所以此处指准备活动。故选B。
7．A.organized B．discovered
C．celebrated D．reported
答案　A
解析　organize组织；discover发现；celebrate庆祝；report报告。根据下文“an activity to write Spring Festival couplets”可知，此处指组织了一个写春联的活动。故选A。
8．A.confident B．patient
C．proud D．curious
答案　D
解析　confident自信的；patient耐心的；proud骄傲的；curious好奇的。根据下文“Why is there such a pen How do we use it？”可知，作者看到毛笔的时候，是感到好奇的。故选D。
9．A.plan B．imagination
C．journey D．invention
答案　C
解析　plan计划；imagination想象力；journey旅程；invention发明。根据下文“I tried to hold the brush and start writing”可知，作者开始了创作之旅，故选C。
10．A.formally B．carefully
C．neatly D．skillfully
答案　B
解析　formally正式地；carefully小心翼翼地；neatly整洁地；skillfully熟练地。根据下文“I couldn’t grasp it at all”可知，作者努力握住毛笔，小心翼翼地写对联。故选B。
11．A.heavy B．soft
C．tight D．small
答案　B
解析　heavy重的；soft软的；tight紧的；small小的。结合常识可知，书写对联的毛笔的笔尖是软的，故选B。
12．A.disappointed B．moved
C．puzzled D．delighted
答案　A
解析　disappointed失望的；moved感动的；puzzled困惑的；delighted高兴的。根据上文“I couldn’t grasp it at all”可知，作者抓不住笔，应该是感到失望的。故选A。
13．A.demands B．comparison
C．warnings D．attempts
答案　D
解析　demand要求；comparison比较；warning警告；attempt尝试。根据上文“I didn’t give up”可知，作者没有放弃，所以在经过几次尝试后，写了一行字。故选D。
14．A.worrying about B．concentrating on
C．making out D．adapting to
答案　B
解析　worry about担心；concentrate on集中注意力于；make out理解，弄清楚；adapt to适应。根据语境可知，作者太专心写字，以至于后来才发现墨水弄脏了袖子，故选B。
15．A.spread B．confirm
C．appreciate D．protect
答案　C
解析　spread传播；confirm确认；appreciate欣赏，重视；protect保护。结合上文可知，作者最初对中国文化并没有真正理解，通过此次活动，作者体会到了中国书法的精髓，所以此处指作者更加欣赏中国文化了。故选C。

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